Walt Whitman RobertsGaal Neg
| Tournament | Round | Opponent | Judge | Cites | Round Report | Open Source | Edit/Delete |
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| Apple Valley | 4 | Scarsdale ZG | Brian Manuel |
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| Bronx | 3 | Collegiate | Dave McGinnis |
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| Bronx | 1 | all | all |
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| Harvard | 1 | All | All |
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| Lexington | 1 | Protestors | Rahula Hoop |
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| Penn RR | 1 | Scarsdale GZ | Panel |
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| Princeton | 2 | idk | Staunton |
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| Valley | 1 | Strake Jesuit CP JM | Bennett Eckert |
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| Valley | 3 | Bronx ZP | Mark Ahlstrom |
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| Yale | 2 | Valley AJ | Neal Kapoor |
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| Tournament | Round | Report |
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| Bronx | 3 | Opponent: Collegiate | Judge: Dave McGinnis 1AC - Util with terror advantage |
To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
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Contact InformationTournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: all | Judge: all I make a good-faith effort to keep this page updated with everything I've personally read. If you need articles or just want books, hit me up! I care a lot about making debate less hostile, so hostility makes me sad. No one likes being sad. Hopefully you agree. | 3/23/17 |
JF17 CP - CyberTournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Protestors | Judge: Rahula Hoop Speech codes are enacted to help prevent cyberbullying – New Jersey | 1/15/17 |
JF17 CP - HandgunsTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All It's mutually exclusive According to open carry advocates, … be narrowly satisfied Turns the aff Gun violence is deadly and racialized | 2/20/17 |
JF17 CP - Hate Speech v1Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All CP - Hate Speech1NC Hate Speech PICCP Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any Constitutionally protected speech except hate speech.McConnell 12 Reed E. McConnell, Harvard Crimson. “Why Harvard’s Hate Speech Policies Are Necessary” The Harvard Crimson, April 18th 2012. http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/4/18/hate-speech-libertarians/ WWDH There certainly should … worthy of protest. Competition:1. Mutually exclusive; hate speech is protected.Volokh 15 Eugene Volokh, “No, there’s no “hate speech” exception to the First Amendment.” The Washington Post. May 7 2015. Eugene Volokh teaches free speech law, religious freedom law, church-state relations law, a First Amendment Amicus Brief Clinic, and tort law, at UCLA School of Law, where he has also often taught copyright law, criminal law, and a seminar on firearms regulation policy. WWXR I keep hearing … terms of “hate speech.” 2. Net benefits:Hate speech normalizes discrimination; listeners imitate hate speech.Gelber and McNamara 15 Gelber, K and McNamara, L 2015 ‘Evidencing the harms of hate speech’, Social Identities, April 19 2016. Hate speech has intrinsic harm, particularly against women.Horne 16 Solveig, Minister of Children and Equality in Norway, “Hate Speech — A Threat to Freedom of Speech,” 03/08/2016, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/solveig-horne/hate-speech~-~-a-threat-to_b_9406596.html Hate speech in … against hate speech. | 2/20/17 |
JF17 CP - Laundry ListTournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Protestors | Judge: Rahula Hoop | 1/15/17 |
JF17 CP - MoralsTournament: Penn RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Scarsdale GZ | Judge: Panel | 4/1/17 |
JF17 K - Ableist RhetoricTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Blind - I bet you … do with sight! Ableism is the foundation of oppression – reject them | 2/20/17 |
JF17 K - AceTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All Chasin 15 Chasin, CJ Deluzio (Department of Psychology, University of Windsor). “Making Sense in and of the Asexual Community: Navigating Relationships and Identities in a Context of Resistance.” Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 25: 167–180 (2015). Published online 1 July 2014 in Wiley Online Library. Accessed 5 February 2015. DOI: 10.1002/casp.2203 WWXR Fedtke 12 Fedtke, Jana (Ph.D. Comparative Literature USC). “53x+m³=Ø? (Sex+Me=No Result?): Tropes of Asexuality in Literature and Film”. (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Carolina. 2012. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/757. pp. 45–47 WWXR 2016-1-17 Fedtke 12 Fedtke, Jana (Ph.D. Comparative Literature USC). “53x+m³=Ø? (Sex+Me=No Result?): Tropes of Asexuality in Literature and Film”. (Doctoral dissertation). University of South Carolina. 2012. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/757. pp. 63–71 WWXR 2016-1-17 | 2/20/17 |
JF17 K - CapTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All K - Cap1NC CapFree speech is an illusion propagated by corporatists – a rights model assumes an equal playing field analogous to a free market view of capital. “Free speech” perpetuates the idea that speech is a commodity, which strengthens neoliberalism’s hold on the academy.Brown 15 Brown, Wendy. Undoing the demos: Neoliberalism's stealth revolution. MIT Press, 2015. At times, kennedy raises the pitch … a neoliberal economy. You have an a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism because it makes its victims anonymous.Zizek and Daly 04 Glyn. Lecturer in International Studies at the University College Northampton; Slavoj Zizek, world famous philosophy on psychoanalysis and capitalism; Conversations with Žižek. 14-19 For Žižek it … consumerism and lifestyle. The alternative is to affirm liberating tolerance.Sculos and Walsh 3 Bryant William Sculos (Department of Politics and international Relations, Florida international University) and Sean Noah Walsh (Department of Political Science and economics, capital University) (2016) The Counterrevolutionary Campus: Herbert Marcuse and the Suppression of Student Protest Movements, New Political Science, 38:4, 516-532, DOI: 10.1080/07393148.2016.1228580 WWXR | 2/20/17 |
JF17 NC - HobbesTournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Protestors | Judge: Rahula Hoop First is constructivism – truths and moralities are assertions constructed by persons. Only an absolute sovereign can unify conflicting assertions of value from individuals. Only submission to an absolute sovereign solves, I defend college campuses and universities in the United States restricting speech that foments dissent against the sovereign. | 1/15/17 |
JF17 NC - KantTournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All std: consistency with freedom Seditious speech aims at destroying the state, not merely criticizing it; seditious speech thus aims at destroying the possibility of all freedom. This negates—the state must restrict seditious speech as a matter of public right, precluding private free speech rights. To understand Kant’s … is a public crime (6: 331). This outweighs—it’s logically contradictory for the state to will anything that subverts its survival—it’s a constraint internal to willing, so it precedes even duties the state owes to its citizens. Ifn the fictional world of the CW … conditions of human agency. | 2/20/17 |
ND16 CP - 21c PolicingTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale ZG | Judge: Brian Manuel The United States ought to implement the policy recommendations given in the final report for the Task Force on 21st Century Policing, solves best,De Stefan 2017 De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law) “No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. Premier | 12/3/16 |
ND16 CP - No Racial BiasTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale ZG | Judge: Brian Manuel Limit liability only in cases where there’s no racial biasCapers ‘11 (I. Bennett Capers is the Stanley A. August Professor of Law at Brooklyn Law School B.A., Princeton University J.D., Columbia University School of Law. Prior to joining Brooklyn Law School, he taught at Hofstra University School of Law, where he served as Associate Dean of Faculty Development in 2010-11, and where he received the 2006-07 Teacher of the Year Award and the 2009 Lawrence A. Stessin Prize for Outstanding Scholarly Publication, “Rethinking the Fourth Amendment: Race, Citizenship, and the Equality Principle”, Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, Winter 2011) Premier | 12/3/16 |
ND16 DA - Court ClogTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale ZG | Judge: Brian Manuel Courts have heavy burdens now and are on the brink—one big push causes collapse of the judiciary and democracy.Bannon ‘13 Alicia Bannon serves as counsel for the Brennan Center’s Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts; previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center’s Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal. “Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts.” 10 September 2013. While the current . . . our federal courts. Limiting qualified immunity causes the official to burdened by cost and time of litigation—clogs the courtSheng 12 Court clog weakens effective and consistent intellectual property rights decisions—that undermines technological innovation.Kirk 6 Michael K. Kirk Executive Director of the American Intellectual Property Law Association. American Intellectual Property Law Association. Letter to Arlen Spector. 24 March 2006. I am writing to . . . to patent cases. U.S. technology leadership is vital to solve warming—prevents global extinction.Klaveras 10 Louis Klaveras Professor for Center of Global Affairs at New York University. “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony.” 18 March 2010. By not addressing . . . strategy of greengemony. | 12/3/16 |
ND16 DA - CrimeTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale ZG | Judge: Brian Manuel The aff would increase suits, that would force cops to spend more of their time in the court room instead of solving problems outside of itRosen 05 Lack of immunity would open police up to a flood of litigation that hamgstrings law enforcement.King 16 Currently, a decline of active and engaged policing is driving a record spike in crime, caused by police fear of backlash—the aff makes this problem WORSE, instead of trying to solve it, turning the case by leading to more violation of people’s rights from crime.Hofstetter 16 | 12/3/16 |
ND16 K - AbolitionTournament: Princeton | Round: 2 | Opponent: idk | Judge: Staunton K - AbolitionLegal remedies miss the forest for the trees—tinkering with legal doctrines legitimizes police racism and fails to eradicate the institutional root causes. The neg calls for abolition of police racism as a prerequisite to the aff.McLeod 16 ALLEGRA M. MCLEOD (Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center). “Introduction: Confronting the Carceral State.” THE GEORGETOWN LAW JOURNAL 1406 Vol. 104:1405, 2016 http://georgetownlawjournal.org/files/2016/08/mcleod-carceral-state.pdf WWXR Voting negative is a pedagogical act.Rodríguez 10 The role of the ballot is to politically engage with prison abolition. Political discourse in scholarship must promote a politics of imagination of envisioning the end of the prison. Public discourse in the academy serves a unique roleRodríguez 10 | 12/3/16 |
ND16 K - GenealogyTournament: Apple Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Scarsdale ZG | Judge: Brian Manuel 1- ====Police were created to oppress==== Judges used qualified immunity to create s police statePattis 10 The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who better performs a genealogy that brings subjugated knowledges to light. It’s a prerequisite to any link to the role of the judge since subjugated knowledges can’t be considered as methodological options before they have a seat at the table.Medina 11 Medina, José. "Toward a Foucaultian epistemology of resistance: counter-memory, epistemic friction, and guerrilla pluralism." Foucault Studies 12 (2011): 9-35. Subjugated knowledges remain . . . and mainstream perspectives ( | 12/3/16 |
SO16 CP - Self DeterminationTournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit CP JM | Judge: Bennett Eckert Not allowing self-determination excludes Indigenous voices—this lumping excludes their voices because we pretend like they’re just any other interest group that does not deserve a voice in the discussion. The government only reduces their infringement on native lands when it is convenient—the Aff is no way re-instates sovereignty-- it just contributes to the cycle. Johnson 15 Johnson, Mitchell. "Circumventing Native American Sovereignty." Brown Political Review. N.p., 16 Jan. 2015. Web. 6 Sept. 2016 Nuclear Power will end the cycle of poverty for some tribes – it’s safe and helps brings people back to the lands—this is coming from a tribal leader. Hebert 06 Hebert, Josef. "Store Nuclear Waste on Reservation? Tribe Split." NBC News. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13458867/ns/us_news/t/store-nuclear-waste-reservation-tribe-split/#.V9b_uZMrLVo N.p., 27 June 2006. Web. 24 Aug. 2016. | 9/25/16 |
SO16 DA - ShiftTournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: all | Judge: all DA - Shift1NC Shift DAU.S. emissions low now A dramatic slump ... is not implemented.” Japan proves – nuclear substitutes will increase emissionsKorosec 11 KIRSTEN KOROSEC, Fortune journalism, “Germany's Nuclear Ban: The Global Effect” Money Watch, May 31, 2011, 4:28 PM http://www.cbsnews.com/news/germanys-nuclear-ban-the-global-effect/ Premier Japan also has ... nuclear power capacity. Nuclear is the best solution to climate change—every alternative fails—future tech solves squo shortcomingsCohen 2012 Armond, Executive Director, Clean Air Task Force, 2-13, “Decarbonization: The Nuclear Option,” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/02/is-america-poised-for-nuclear.php?print=trueandprintcomment=2161670~ Three years ago, ... off the table. Climate change disproportionately harms people of color – status quo regulations are racist and fail.Burkett, 8 Maxine, Associate Professor, University of Colorado Law School, J.D., University of California, Berkeley, “Just Solutions to Climate Change: A Climate Justice Proposal for a Domestic Clean Development Mechanism,” Buffalo Law Review Vol. 56 The weighty and ... a just one. | 3/23/17 |
SO16 K - Ableism CapTournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bronx ZP | Judge: Mark Ahlstrom K - Ableism Cap1NCDisability is an outgrowth of labor relations- the social/minority model places the problem in terms of inter-personal relations which diverts attention from the true causeKaye, 12 Bradley, Ph.D. in philosophy from Binghamton University, “Politics, An Illusion We Have Forgotten Is Such,” http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/9_1/kaye9_1.html~ Emerging work on disability is only beginning to examine the relation between the mode of AND worse, forms of bourgeois ideology that prevent this oppression from being seen. The rise of capitalism began to define individuals by the labor capacity in which disabled people were relegated to the periphery and began to deem people with disabilities as social problems- Marxism has a better explanatory power for the different contingent and evolving definitions and oppressions of disabled bodiesRussel and Malhorta, 9 *Marta writer/producer whose investigative reporting, “Capitalism and Disability,” http://socialistregister.com/index.php/srv/article/viewFile/5784/2680~ The primary oppression of disabled persons (i.e. of people who could AND the¶ core of disabled peoples’ oppression in every aspect of modern life. You have an a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism because it makes its victims anonymous.Zizek and Daly 04 Glyn. Lecturer in International Studies at the University College Northampton; Slavoj Zizek, world famous philosophy on psychoanalysis and capitalism; Conversations with Žižek. 14-19 For Žižek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol AND political boutiquism that is readily sustained by postmodern forms of consumerism and lifestyle. The alternative is class analysis firstMollow 4 Anna Mollow, "IDENTITY POLITICS ANDDISABILITY STUDIES:A CRITIQUE OF RECENT THEORY" University of Michigan Quarterly Review, 2004 quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=mqr;c=mqr;c=mqrarchive;idno=act2080.0043.218;rgn=main;view=text;xc=1;g=mqrg Treating disagreements about identity politics in terms of a divide between conservatives and progressives, AND poverty level, regardless of what workplace accommodations they secure. 9 | 10/26/16 |
SO16 K - BodyTournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bronx ZP | Judge: Mark Ahlstrom K - Body
1NC
Bodies are individual units that create the illusion of the able body and a pure racial identity. Imperialism coopts the concept of the body and we need a new politics for corporeality.Rivera 2010. ”Unsettling Bodies” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion Volume 26, Number 2, Fall 2010. Mayra Rivera Rivera (Assistant Professor of Theology and Latina/o Studies at Harvard Divinity School.) AJM. Sharon Betcher's essay offers feminists an invitation and a challenge to rethink the implications of AND unfinished confluence of difference within the self, fraught with conflict and pain. THE ALTERNATIVE IS THE FLESH. The concept of body is distinct from the concept of flesh – body creates an imagistic ideal of wholeness. Flesh is an aspect of embodiment that is not subject to ableist fantasy of whiteness. Body: feminists recuperated the term and its material terrain from the underside of an AND and critical insights that come with illness, as Virginia Woolf insists.4 | 10/26/16 |
SO16 Misery of Life HijackTournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Collegiate | Judge: Dave McGinnis Free Me From This Misery Called Life1NCFirst, the will is directionless. In the same way every particular act of will of a knowing individual (which AND determination by motives only in its individual acts at each point of time. The balance of fulfilled desires to unfulfilled desires is always negative.Arthur Schopenhauer. 1909. The World as Will and Representation. Vol. 1. Trans. Haldane and Kemp. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38427/38427-pdf.pdf. 397. Instead of the answer to this question, it appeared clearly before us how, AND be restrained by hindrances, while in itself it goes on for ever. Pain and pleasure are not sensations, but manifestations of acts of the will.Arthur Schopenhauer. 1909. The World as Will and Representation. Vol. 1. Trans. Haldane and Kemp. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38427/38427-pdf.pdf. 145-146. Every true, genuine, immediate act of will is also, at once and AND instantaneous willing or not-willing of the impression which the body sustains. analytic | 10/26/16 |
SO16 NC - HobbesTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley AJ | Judge: Neal Kapoor The standard is consistency with a Hobbesian social contract, defined as a hypothetical political arrangement where contractors agree to lay down their right to private judgment in favor of absolute sovereignty.Justification:Meta-ethical constructivism – moral facts aren’t "out there" to be found but linguistic categories created by humans for humans====Parrish 04 ==== "For Hobbes truth is a function of logic and language, not of the Prefer Parrish because it’s a linguistic warrant – it defines what we’re doing when we use ethical terms.Only a sovereign can unify conficting assertions of value from individuals.PARRISH 2:
All of the foregoing points to the conclusion that in the commonwealth the sovereign’s first Independently, stable political order is a prerequisite to any theory of the good since no one can guarantee they achieve their ends or have their desires fulfilled in a disordered state of nature. Rights are meaningless in a societal arrangement where they cannot be protected. Only absolute power prevents warring factions or political gridlock that makes political organizing impossible.And absolute power is key to avoid the problem of private judgment. Widespread ethical disagreement creates disarray – everyone has a different conception of how political systems should be built and what policies should be passed.====Only submission to an absolute sovereign solves, ==== As Gregory Kavka has persuasively argued, there are at least three kinds of reasons And ought implies can justifies stability as a prereq. No one can fulfill their obligations in a state of nature where basic means of living and safety aren’t guaranteed. For instance, if you don’t have the means to live a decent life, you can hardly fulfill special obligations to provide for your family members.It’s incoherent for the sovereign to be subject to laws because then it wouldn’t be sovereign, something else would because it has the power to judge and punish.Also proves the inevitability of absolute sovereignty,Hobbes 68 XXIX ~9~ A fourth opinion repugnant to the nature of a commonwealth is The sovereign unifies the desires and wills of the entire commonwealth into one body, which means my framework controls the internal link to intent-based and ends-based frameworks since the sovereign resolves conflicting claims among citizens. That’s key to avoid intent-based problems for government actors. You can’t analyze the intent of a group since they have conflicting motivations and judgments, but you can for the sovereign. I contend that a prohibition on the production of nuclear power is inconsistent with sovereign authority for three reasons.
2. It’s impossible to generate external obligations for the sovereign because to do so would require that there’s some higher power to order the sovereign to do so, but since the sovereign is all powerful that’d be impossible. The only obligation a sovereign can have is one that it creates itself but that would still concede the authority of the sovereign. 3. Affirming imposes an obligation on the sovereign to prohibit nuclear power, even if they do not want to – inconsistent with absolute sovereign authority. That’s Hobbes 68. | 9/25/16 |
SO16 NC - LibertyTournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Collegiate | Judge: Dave McGinnis NC - Liberty1NC
First, rationality has unconditional worth. Recognizing its dicates is a prior constraint to conferring worth upon any action or any other, so humanity is an end in itself.Wood Allen W. Wood. Kantian Ethics, 2008. Print. WWXR In doing all this, however, the rational being must also necessarily regard its AND stupid and wicked people exactly as much as to clever and virtuous ones. analyticTo treat humanity as an end in itself requires one to respect the legislative right of agents to use their means as they see fit free of domination.RipsteinArthur Ripstein. “Beyond the Harm Principle.” University of Toronto.2006. http://www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/Ripstein/beyond_harm_principle.pdf.~ You are independent if youare the one whodecides what ends you will use your powers AND deprive another of theirs, or uses another person’s powers without their permission. The standard is respecting liberty.analyticanalytic | 10/26/16 |
SO16 Ripstein HijackTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley AJ | Judge: Neal Kapoor To treat humanity as an end in itself requires one to respect the legislative right of agents to use their means as they see fit free of domination.Ripstein ~Arthur Ripstein. "Beyond the Harm Principle." University of Toronto. 2006. http://www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/Ripstein/beyond_harm_principle.pdf.~~ | 9/25/16 |
SO16 T - ResolutionTournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bronx ZP | Judge: Mark Ahlstrom T - Resolution (Valley)1NC ShellA condition of participating in this tournament is debating the resolution.Mid-America Cup Tournament Invite 16 Valley Mid-America Cup Tournament Invite. Joy Of Tournaments. 9/24/2016. http://www.joyoftournaments.com/ia/mac/info.asp?p=2 Interpretation: The aff must defend a legal prohibition on the production of nuclear power.OED Definition of “Prohibit,” Oxford English Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/prohibit~ | 10/26/16 |
Theory - Article SourcesTournament: Yale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley AJ | Judge: Neal Kapoor Interpretation: Debaters at the 2016 Yale Invitational must have copies of articles for each piece of evidence they read available for their opponents in round.====Violation: You do not have articles for ~pieces of evidence~.==== You should lose:1. Academic integrity: Having copies of your articles verifies that you’re not taking evidence out of context—academic integrity in use of sources is an independent voter since it’s axiomatic of debate as an academic activity and controls fairness and education since it checks against cheating and uneducational miscutting.2. Resource disparities: Making copies available promotes access to paywalled articles, which is a major disparity between teams that can afford expensive subscriptions and those that cannot; this solves inequalities that make debate less fair and increases access to educational resources.3. Tournament rules: You need to have copies available—you signed up for this tournament so you’re bound by its rules—the judge cannot vote on arguments or for debaters that violate this rule.Yale Tournament Committee 16 ~Yale Tournament Committee: TOURNAMENT DIRECTORS Stitch Sul Jim Huang 2016 EXECUTIVE BOARD Henry Zhang President Adela Lilollari Tournament Coordinator Evan Lynyak Membership Director Shirley Kuang Treasurer Justin Katz Development Director. "Yale 2016 Invite." Accessed via tabroom.com, 9/16/16. WWXR~ | 9/25/16 |
Theory - Disclose or Get a Slap on the WristTournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: all | Judge: all Disclosure (Updated)Disclosure (Shell)
Interpretation: Debaters may only read positions that are disclosed before the debate on their NDCA wiki page under their own name with full citations, tags, and first three/last three words.Disclosure creates a rightful conditionRipstein 09 Arthur Ripstein, Force and Freedom. Harvard University Press, 2009. So mandatory cooperation ... costs them nothing. analytics
analytic voters
analytic theory paradigm | 3/23/17 |
Open Source
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