Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Apple Valley | Judge: Dan Carlson
Korsgard, Christine. “Creating the kingdom of ends: reciprocity and responsibility in personal relations.” Philosophical Perspectives, vol. 6, 1992, pp. 305-332.

Gauthier, David (Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh). Morals by Agreement. (1986).

Kairys, David. The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique. ReadHowYouWant.com, November 2010.

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, Bishop v. Aronov, 926 F.2d 1066, 1991. Ellipses in original.

Russo, Charles. Handbook of Comparative Higher Education Law, RandL Education, 2013.

Fish, Stanley. "The Harm In Free Speech". Opinionator. N. p., 4 June 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2016.

Humbach, John A. "The Constitution and Revenge Porn." Pace Law Review 35.1 (2015).

Filipovic, Jill. "'Revenge Porn' Is about Degrading Women Sexually and Professionally." The Guardian, 28 Jan. 2013. Web.

Murray, Christine and Allison Crowe. “‘Revenge porn as a form of intimate partner violence.” See the Triumph, April 6, 2014. Web.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Collegiate | Judge: Jim Broomfield
Bernard Suits (Prof. of Philosophy, University of Waterloo). The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia. 1978. Chapter 3, pp. 37-41.

Shively, Ruth. Ass’t Prof Political Science Texas AandM. Partisan Politics and Political Theory, p. 181-2, JFS.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Constitutive rules of debate come first even if another role of the ballot is better for debate.
Nardin, Terry Nardin, “International Ethics and International Law”. Review of International Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan., 1992), pp. 19-30, published by Cambridge University Press.
"The first thing ... of behaving lawfully"

The interpretation of rules is infinitely regressive.
Wright, Crispin “What is Wittgenstein’s Point In the Rule-Following Discussion?”
"It is necessary ... an infinitely regressive"

“The” before “United States” perpetuates U.S. nationalism and reinforces U.S. geographic harms.
Thrift, Nigel (Vice Chancellor of the University of Warwick). “It’s the little things” in Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought (2000).
"1st few sentences ... sometimes boils over"

no tag
Rigotti et al 05 Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, Susan E. Moran, MD, MSCE, and Henry Wechsler, PhD  “US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Use” American Journal of Public Health 2005 January; 95(1): 138–144
"Our findings have ... industry's marketing strategies"

It’s currently constitutional.
(Virginia Board of Pharmacy v. Virginia Consumer Council, 425 U.S. 748 (1976); Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, 433 U.S. 350 (1977)) US Courts “What Does Free Speech Mean?”
"The First Amendment ... and professional services"

College tobacco marketing increases the chance of tobacco use.
Rigotti et al 05 Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, Susan E. Moran, MD, MSCE, and Henry Wechsler, PhD  “US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Use” American Journal of Public Health 2005 January; 95(1): 138–144
"To our knowledge ... adult tobacco use"

The tobacco industry directly targets disadvantaged groups to enhance addiction.
"The poor, the young, the black and the stupid": Inside Big Tobacco's plans to kill a billion people.By Mark Ames , written on June 30, 2015.
"Secret propoganda programs ... and the stupid"

It’s impossible to argue against non-contradiction, which is true a priori and stops infinite regress.
Gottileb Paula Gottileb Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin Madison. “Aristotle on Non-contradiction.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 26 January 2011.
"Aristotle explains that ... is similarly misguided"

“Protected speech” is by definition subject to restriction in pursuit of vital interests.
Kairys, David. The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique. ReadHowYouWant.com, November 2010.\
"Speech is first ... strict scrutiny standard"

All ethical knowledge is uncertain.
Alasdair Macintyre, After Virtue, 1981
"The most influential ... by adopting them"

No reconciliation of this.
Where is Now?  The Paradox of The Present.  NPR July 26 2011
"Every aspect of ... world you inhabit"

If the resolution IS temporal, everything is external and thus cannot generate a moral obligation.
Korsgaard, Christine. “Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations.” (p. 315).
"We must view ... as fully determined"

The language of law is not sufficiently deterministic to allow for static understandings of legal truth.
Zapf, Christian, and Eben Moglen. "LINGUISTIC INDETERMINACY AND THE RULE OF LAW: ON THE PERILS OF MISUNDERSTANDING WITTGENSTEIN." Lexis Nexis. Georgetown Law Journal, Feb. 1996. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
"This supposed divide ... applications of them"

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Hate speech actively excludes individuals from moral projects- inhibiting their ability to participate in moral discussions. Fish:
“But harms to… to live in.”
Fish, Stanley. "The Harm In Free Speech". Opinionator. N. p., 4 June 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2016.

And, criticism of restrictions of hate-speech is rooted in victim-blaming ideology which perpetuates oppressive discourse. Fish:
“Some who take… its destructive aims.”
Fish, Stanley. "The Harm In Free Speech". Opinionator. N. p., 4 June 2012. Web. 14 Dec. 2016.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
A. Revenge porn is propped up by free speech and considered constitutionally protected- court precedent proves.  Humbach:
“The inherent repulsiveness… or the speaker”
Humbach, John A. "The Constitution and Revenge Porn." Pace Law Review 35.1 (2015).

Revenge porn totalizes the identities of those targeted, defining them to the world and leaving them literally helpless to respond. Murray:

“One of the… this important issue”
Murray, Christine and Allison Crowe. “‘Revenge porn as a form of intimate partner violence.” See the Triumph, April 6, 2014. Web.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
The criterion is consistency with innate moral sentiments.

First, our actions lack a representative quality, and thus actions can’t generate a contradiction with reason, only with sentiments. Cohon
“The third or… to Hume's project.”
Rachel Cohon (Albany). “Hume’s Moral Philosophy.” SEP (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-moral/). 2010.
Sexually explicit content distributed without the consent of those involved is propped up by free speech and considered constitutionally protected- court precedent proves. Humbach:
“The inherent repulsiveness… or the speaker”
Humbach, John A. "The Constitution and Revenge Porn." Pace Law Review 35.1 (2015).
And, sexually explicit content without consent totalizes the identities of those targeted, defining them to the world and leaving them literally helpless to respond. Murray:
“One of the… this important issue”

Murray, Christine and Allison Crowe. “‘Revenge porn as a form of intimate partner violence.” See the Triumph, April 6, 2014. Web.
And, the innate sentiment for sanctity of the human body is exemplified in how we judge actions, and sexual aspects amplify this sentiment. Haidt :
“Imagine that Meiwes… with their bodies”
Haidt, Jonathan. The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. Random House LLC, 2013.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
First, what is constitutive of an agent provides the needed context to determine what it means to be good or bad. Geach:
“There is no… good deer-stalker”
Geach, P. T. "Good and Evil." Analysis 17.2 (1956): 33-42. Web.

Second, constitutivism is inescapable and generates non-optional norms- means agents can’t escape constitutive duties. Katsafanas:
“So what’s special… practicality and queerness.”
Thus the standard is consistency with the constitutive nature of the agent of action. 

First, protected speech is subject to reasonable restriction in college classrooms for the purposes of education. The 11th Circuit of the US Court of Appeals notes:
“Nevertheless, a correct… an open forum”
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, Bishop v. Aronov, 926 F.2d 1066, 1991. Ellipses in original.

Thus, colleges are contractually obligated to impose content-based restrictions. Russo:
“Students at both… standards of teaching.”
Russo, Charles. Handbook of Comparative Higher Education Law, RandL Education, 2013.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Ethical obligations derive from interactions among moral agents. Korsgard:
“The relations of… the other responsible”
Korsgard, Christine. “Creating the kingdom of ends: reciprocity and responsibility in personal relations.” Philosophical Perspectives, vol. 6, 1992, pp. 305-332.

Thus our ethical duties arise from mutually voluntary relations of reciprocity, and these agreements uniquely generate moral obligations. Gauthier:
“A contractarian theory… morally neutral, base.”
Gauthier, David (Professor Emeritus of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh). Morals by Agreement. (1986).

Thus the standard is consistency with contractual obligation. 

First, protected speech is subject to reasonable restriction in college classrooms for the purposes of education. The 11th Circuit of the US Court of Appeals notes:
“Nevertheless, a correct… an open forum”
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, Bishop v. Aronov, 926 F.2d 1066, 1991. Ellipses in original.

Thus, colleges are contractually obligated to impose content-based restrictions. Russo:
“Students at both… standards of teaching.”
Russo, Charles. Handbook of Comparative Higher Education Law, RandL Education, 2013.

Black faculty authority is undermined— their right to govern the classroom is key. Fields:
“Strained relations with… destructive to morale.”
Fields, Cheryl. “A morale dilemma – black professors on white campuses – includes related article on mentorship programs for black faculty – Cover Story” June 23, 2007 Diverse Issues in Higher Education.

Tournament: Lexington | Round: 2 | Opponent: Collegiate | Judge: Sophia Caldera
Gauthier, David P. Morals by Agreement. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986. Print.

Kairys, David. The Politics of Law: A Progressive Critique. ReadHowYouWant.com, November 2010.

(removal of some cards for analytics)

Tournament: NOV DEC | Round: 1 | Opponent: all | Judge: all
Alasdair Macintyre, After Virtue, 1981
Armacost, Barbara. “Organizational culture and police misconduct.” The George Washington Law Review, vol. 72, no. 453, 2004.
Bevir 99 ( Mark “Foucault and Critique: Deploying Agency Against Autonomy” KNP)
Carbado, Devon and Patrick Rock. “What exposes African Americans to police violence?” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, vol. 51, 2016.
Chatalain, George. “Induction and the problem of the external world.” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 49, no. 19, September 11, 1952, pp. 601-607.
Coburn, Robert C. Quals “A defense of ethical noncognitivism.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 62, no. 1, April 1991, pp. 67-80.
Dr. Dominic Corva, Professor in Department of Geography at University of Washington, “Biopower and the Militarization of the Police Function”) https://www.academia.edu/298029/Biopower_and_the_Militarization_of_the_Police_Function || LB
Eyre, Pete. "There Are No Good Cops | Cop Block." Cop Block. N.p., 01 Jan. 2014. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.
Gonick, Lev and Isaac Prilleltensky. “Polities change, oppression remains: on the psychology and politics of oppression.” Political Psychology, vol. 17, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 127-148.
Gottileb Paula Gottileb Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin Madison. “Aristotle on Non-contradiction.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 26 January 2011.
Heyman, Steven J. "THE FIRST DUTY OF GOVERNMENT: PROTECTION, LIBERTY AND THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT." Duke University, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 16.
http://archive.sgir.eu/uploads/Grayson-graysonsgir.pdf
Huemer, Michael. The Problem of Political Authority. New York: Springer, October 2012.
James Bernauer, philosophy professor, Boston College, 1990  (MICHAEL FOUCAULT'S FORCE OF FLIGHT: TOWARD AN ETHICS OF THOUGHT, pp. 141-2)
Kennedy, Duncan (Professor of General Jurisprudence at the Harvard University Law School). "Form and Substance in Private Law Adjudication." Harvard Law Review 89 (1976): p. 1685-1778.
Kirby, John D. "Qualified Immunity for Civil Rights Violations: Refining the Standard." Cornell Edu. Cornell Law Review, May 2000. Web. 21 Oct. 2016.
Korsgaard, Christine. “Creating The Kingdom of Ends: Reciprocity and Responsibility in Personal Relations.” (p. 315).
Lindeman, Kathryn M. (AB, Mount Holyoke College, 2005; PhD in philosophy, University of Pittsburgh) “Grounding constitutivism,” 2014.
Lucas J.R. Lucas Professor of Philosophy Emeritus, University of Oxford. Reason and Reality. Ria University Press, 2009. Print. *Gendered language modified*
Madar, Chase. “Why it’s impossible to indict a cop.” The Nation, November 25, 2014.
Millgram, Elijah, "Practical Reason and the Structure of Actions," The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta.
N O B R E A T H I N G
Negate." Def. 1. Merriam Webser. Web. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/negate.
Pinker, Steven. "Why Violence Is Vanishing." WSJ. N.p., 23 Sept. 2011. Web. 04 Nov. 2016. http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904106704576583203589408180
Richard, ATandT Professor of Law – Texas Tech University School of Law, and Afsheen John, Professor – William Mitchell College of Law; Assistant General Counsel – Central Intelligence Agency, “Due Process and Targeted Killing of Terrorists,” Cardozo Law Review, November, 32 Cardozo L. Rev. 405, Lexis
Rosen, Michael. “A qualified defense: in support of the doctrine of qualified immunity in excessive force cases, with some suggestions for its improvement.” Golden Gate University Law Review, vol. 35, no. 2, 2005.
Schenwar, Maya et al. Who Do You Serve, Who Do You Protect?: Police Violence and Resistance in the United States. Haymarket Books, 2016.
Schwartz, Joanna. NYU Law Review (2014): n. pag. 2014. Web. 20 Oct. 2016
Shoemaker, David. "Rationality Is Permissibility." 'PEA Soup' Responsibility in the Margins, 25 July 2015. Web. 22 Oct. 2015.
Smith, Mychal Denzel. "Abolish the Police. Instead, Let's Have Full Social, Economic, and Political Equality." The Nation. N.p., 29 June 2015. Web. 03 Nov. 2016.\
Society Must Be Defended”: Lectures at the Collége de France, 1975-76 p.258
Street, Sharon. “A Darwinian Dilemma for Realist Theories of Value.” Philosophical Studies January 2006. Pgs 118-121
Trent H., St. John’s U, Neoliberalism, Governmentality, and Ethics, Foucault Studies No6 Feb 2009) LA
Where is Now?  The Paradox of The Present.  NPR July 26 2011
Zapf, Christian, and Eben Moglen. "LINGUISTIC INDETERMINACY AND THE RULE OF LAW: ON THE PERILS OF MISUNDERSTANDING WITTGENSTEIN." Lexis Nexis. Georgetown Law Journal, Feb. 1996. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.