Tournament: Blake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Poly Prep Country Day | Judge: Trevor Martinez
Kemerer, Frank. “Free speech and privacy dimensions of student misuse of their own electronic communication devices in elementary and secondary schools.” School of Law and School of Leadership and Education Sciences, University of San Diego, March 2012.

Millgram, Elijah, "Practical Reason and the Structure of Actions", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/practical-reason-action/.

Schapiro, Tamar (Professor of Philosophy at Stanford University). “Three Conceptions of Action in Moral Theory.” Nous 35.1 (2001): 93-117.

Clark, David and Tugrul Ansay. Introduction to the Law of the United States. Kluwer Law International, 2002.

Streumer, Bart (Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Reading, UK). "Reasons and Impossibility." Philosophical Studies 136 (2007): p. 351-384

Foundation for Individual Rights in Educaiton (FIRE). “Freedom of expression at public universities.” State of the Law: Speech Codes. Copyright 2016. Web. https://www.thefire.org/in-court/state-of-the-law-speech-codes/

Ross, Kathleen and Philip Faccenda. “Constitutional and statutory regulation of private colleges and universities.” Valparaiso University Law Review, vol. 9, number 3, 1975.

Buchter, Jonathan. “Contract law and the student-university relationship.” Indiana Law Journal, vol. 48, issue. 2, article 5, Winter 1973.

O’Neill, Robert. Academic Freedom in the Wired World: Political Extremism, Corporate Power, and the University. Harvard University Press, July 1, 2009.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Oakwood | Judge: Nick Smith
Lacan, Jacques (French psychoanalyst and philosopher). "Kant with Sade." Translated by James Swenson. October 51 (Winter 1989): p. 55-75.

Kant, Immanuel (was a real pissant who was very rarely stable). "Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals." Translated by Thomas Kingsmill Abbott. Originally published in 1785, released online into the public domain in May 2004 via Project Gutenberg.

Wallace, R. Jay (Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley). Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments. (1994): p. 52.

Nagel, Thomas (Distinguished Prof of Philosophy, NYU). “Moral Luck” in Mortal Questions (1979).

J. David Velleman (Prof of Phil, NYU), Self to Self, 2006.

Denis, Lara, "Kant and Hume on Morality", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2014 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/kant-hume-morality/.

Engstrom, Stephen (Prof of Phil, University of Pittsburgh), “Universal Legislation as the Form of Practical Knowledge”

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Only through the state can truth and thus, agency be actualized
(Angelica Nuzzo, Graduate Center and Brooklyn College, CUNY, anuzzo@gc.cuny.edu) 2013. “The Social Dimension of Dialectical Truth: Hegel’s Idea of Objective Spirit.” Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 2 (8): 10-25. NP 4/2/16.
"In a recent ... 2012 chapters 2-3"

Mutual recognition of the spirit of others within a social order is necessary to reconcile conflicting conceptions of the self to form an identity.
Allen W. Hegel’s Ethical Thought. Cambridge University Press. 1990. NP 3/31/16.
"Hegel holds that ... realm of nature"

If I were to close a door, I would not know if it had made a noise unless others reacted as well.
Frederick Neuhouser: Introduction to Foundations of Natural Right by Johann Fichte. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
"The character of ... from his essay"

Actualization of individuals can only occur by placing them within society – the person alone is an incomplete picture of the subject
Allen W. Hegel’s Ethical Thought. Cambridge University Press. 1990. NP 3/29/16.
"Hegel holds that ... realm of nature"

I contend that unrestricted public expression of unfiltered opinion is prereq to the establishment of an ethical community.
(Daniel Griffin, PhD in Philosophy at University of Guelph MA in Philosophy from Georgia State University, no date, “Can Hegel aid our understanding of freedom of expression”, academia.edu) http://www.academia.edu/24661342/Can_Hegel_aid_our_understanding_of_freedom_of_expression
"Discussions of human ... declaration human rights"

Aff solves best.
(Adam Lamparello, B.A from University of Southern California. J.D. in law from Ohio State University College of Law. Master of Laws, Concentration in Criminal and Constitutional Law from NYU of Law. Currently assistant professor of Law at Loyola University, 09-02-16, “Promoting Inclusion Through Exclusion: Higher Education’s Assault on the First Amendment” University of Pennsylvania Law) http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017andcontext=jcl_online
"Free speech and ... pursuit of knowledge"

Destroying identity construction in the community.
(Rodney G.S. Carter, the Archivist of the St. Joseph Region of the Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph, based in Kingston, Ontario. He received an Honours B.A. in Art History from Queen’s University in 2002 and a Masters of Information Studies, Archival Stream, from the University of Toronto in 2005. His Masters thesis was entitled “Other Archives: The Archival Value of Photographs of Anonymous People.” He was a member of the ACA Membership Committee’s sub-committee on the formation of student chapters in 2002–2003 and has been recently named the Chair of the ACA Religious Archives Special Interest Section., 2006, “Of Things Said and Unsaid: Power, Archival Silences, and Power in Silence” Archivia) http://archivaria.ca/index.php/archivaria/article/viewFile/12541/13687
"Resume ce texte ... their own silence"

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
The language in Tinker v. Des Moines clarifies that “protected speech” loses its protection when circumstances arise that subject it to restriction.
Kemerer, Frank. “Free speech and privacy dimensions of student misuse of their own electronic communication devices in elementary and secondary schools.” School of Law and School of Leadership and Education Sciences, University of San Diego, March 2012.
"This study was ... and school personnel"

Actions are either steps toward an end or random motions.
Millgram, Elijah, "Practical Reason and the Structure of Actions", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/practical-reason-action/.
"A wave of ... modes of argument"

The ends of particular action classes are determined by the practices within which those practices take place.
Schapiro, Tamar (Professor of Philosophy at Stanford University). “Three Conceptions of Action in Moral Theory.” Nous 35.1 (2001): 93-117.
"Philosophers have long ... I call action"

A state is a creature of its constitution, and it is literally impossible for a state to act outside the constraints of its constituting documents because when state agents do so they are not, by law, acting as the state.
Clark, David and Tugrul Ansay. Introduction to the Law of the United States. Kluwer Law International, 2002.
"The United States ... U.N. Charter art."

The U.S. Constitution is nearly unique in the degree and duration of universal acceptance among those under its jurisdiction.
Rosenn, Keith. “The success of constitutionalism in the United States and its failure in Latin America: an explanation.” University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, Fall 1990.
"Constitutionalism is the ... authoritarianism is resolved"

Since ethical obligation is a judgment of choice, adjudicating as unethical the failure to make a choice one is incapable of making renders ethical judgment meaningless.
Streumer, Bart (Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Reading, UK). "Reasons and Impossibility." Philosophical Studies 136 (2007): p. 351-384
"Many philosophers claim ......"

Agents of the U.S. government are literally incapable of enacting enduring policies in violation of settled constitutional law because the structure of the legislative and judicial branches prevents it.
Foundation for Individual Rights in Educaiton (FIRE). “Freedom of expression at public universities.” State of the Law: Speech Codes. Copyright 2016. Web. https://www.thefire.org/in-court/state-of-the-law-speech-codes/
"That the first ... ideas on campus"

Constitutional jurisprudence implicitly recognizes that public college and university employees are agents of the state.
Ross, Kathleen and Philip Faccenda. “Constitutional and statutory regulation of private colleges and universities.” Valparaiso University Law Review, vol. 9, number 3, 1975.
"In March of ... by the authors"

The Supreme Court has ruled explicitly that this is the case.
Buchter, Jonathan. “Contract law and the student-university relationship.” Indiana Law Journal, vol. 48, issue. 2, article 5, Winter 1973.
"The relationship between ... intended to do"

The status of public employees as agents of the state subject to constitutioanl requirements is demonstrated by the susceptability of their work communications to federal and state FOIA inquiries.
O’Neill, Robert. Academic Freedom in the Wired World: Political Extremism, Corporate Power, and the University. Harvard University Press, July 1, 2009.
"In this passionately ......"

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Evidence from physics shows that the past is determined from the present—even if the past has merit the present comes first.
Lanza, Robert. "Does the Past Exist Yet? Evidence Suggests Your Past Isn't Set in Stone." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 18 Aug. 2010. Web. 15 Sept. 2014.
"Recent discoveries require ... theory of everything"

Our knowledge of the world assumes the reliability of sense data, but reasoning from sense data to the external world begs the question of the reliability of our senses.
Chatalain, George. “Induction and the problem of the external world.” The Journal of Philosophy, vol. 49, no. 19, September 11, 1952, pp. 601-607.
"First three last three unavailable for this selection"

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Ought only implies obligation, since there are multiple sources of normativity.
Dowd, Joseph (Graduate Student of Philosophy at the University of California, Irvine). "Hoc aliquid: What makes an ought a moral ought?" 06 May 2011
"Therefore we try ... else being equal"

The language in Tinker v. Des Moines clarifies that “protected speech” loses its protection when circumstances arise that subject it to restriction.
Kemerer, Frank. “Free speech and privacy dimensions of student misuse of their own electronic communication devices in elementary and secondary schools.” School of Law and School of Leadership and Education Sciences, University of San Diego, March 2012.
"This study was ... and school personnel"

Only their own internal evaluation of what the cede as epistemically true can do anything.
Nobis, Nathan M. "Truth in Ethics and Epistemology: A Defense of Normative Realism." University of Rochester, 2004. Web. 5 Apr. 2017.
"In this work ... evaluationism of non-factualism"

No impact turns
"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016.
"In recent years ... and start teaching"

Outweigh.
Harnish, Robert. "Internalism and externalism in speech act theory." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 5.1 (2009): 9-31.
"Internalism and Externalism ... Moods and Performances"

Linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism determines a key sphere of languages’ functionality.
Whorf, B.L. "Linguistic Society of America." Language and Thought | Linguistic Society of America. Linguistic Society of America, 2012. Web. 01 Dec. 2016.
"No one would ... Gumperz and Levinson"

Further, silencing of some language excludes the capacity of some individuals to form an identity and seek truths themselves.
(Rodney G.S. Carter, the Archivist of the St. Joseph Region of the Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph, based in Kingston, Ontario. He received an Honours B.A. in Art History from Queen’s University in 2002 and a Masters of Information Studies, Archival Stream, from the University of Toronto in 2005. His Masters thesis was entitled “Other Archives: The Archival Value of Photographs of Anonymous People.” He was a member of the ACA Membership Committee’s sub-committee on the formation of student chapters in 2002–2003 and has been recently named the Chair of the ACA Religious Archives Special Interest Section., 2006, “Of Things Said and Unsaid: Power, Archival Silences, and Power in Silence” Archivia)
"Resume ce texte ... their own silence"

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Only internal motivations have the conceptual capacity to motivate action, which is a prerequisite for moral considerations.
Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving ethics from action: a nietzschean version of constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 83:3, pp. 620-660, November 2011.
While externalism captures…decidedly odd property.

Thus, morality is a system of reasons we can all accept—mutual justifiability is the only way to solve the subjectivity of abstract moral theories.
Scanlon, Thomas. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2000. Print.
Contractualism can also … in certain contexts.
Moral principles are adopted only if they can be justified on the basis of agent specific reasonable rejection.
Nagel, Thomas. "One-to-One’." London Review of Books 4 (1999).
The nerve of Scanlon’s … of any individual.
Contractualism forms the basis for a moral community. If the purpose of moral norms is to facilitate life and communal interactions in a society, then a contractualist account of reasons comes first.
Scanlon, Thomas. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 2000. Print.
According to contractualism, … these principles require.

Contractual obligations are agent relative—reasonable rejection of principles can only come between two rational agents. This means we evaluate every moral consideration on a 1-1 ratio, not whether the aggregate of everyone following the principle would have a positive net effect. James:
James, Aaron. "Contractualism's (not so) slippery slope." Legal Theory 18.03 (2012): 263-292.
According to contractualism, …reasonably object to the imposition.  

Thus the standard is consistency with the agent relative principle of reasonable rejection. 

Students cannot accept restrictions relative to the college because the basis of public universities and colleges is the constitution, which the protection of speech. Buchter:
Buchter, Jonathan. “Contract law and the student-university relationship.” Indiana Law Journal, vol. 48, issue. 2, article 5, Winter 1973.
This theoretical mixture …these constitutional rights.

Metaethical actualism means no fiat for counteradvocacies. Jackson and Pargetter:
Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter, “Oughts, Options, and Actualism”, Philosophical Review, 1986
There are four considerations … referred to at the beginning.”

And, contracts will always be made based on subjective emotions because that contributes to agent relative rejection.
Spranca, Mark, Elisa Minsk, and Jonathan Baron. "Omission and commission in judgment and choice." Journal of experimental social psychology 27.1 (1991): 76-105.
Subjects read scenarios …ignorant of the effects of not acting.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Equality is necessary to include all voices in moral deliberation and avoid unjustly imposing values on others. This is the central message of egalitarian social movements. Anderson:
 “There must be… their claim heard”
Anderson, Elizabeth Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy, University of Michigan. “What is the Point of Equality?” Ethics 109.2 (1999).

The standard is consistency with basic capability equality. Only this provides the true value of equality – not concerned with goods or happiness, but what people can do. Sen:
“It is arguable… basic capability equality”
 Sen, Amartya Professor of Economics and Philosophy, Harvard University. “Equality of What?” Tanner Lectures on Human Values (1979).

A focus on capabilities allows the maintenance of intuitions about fundamental human rights without requiring people to fulfill them. It creates consensus among conceptions of the good. Nussbaum:
Nussbaum, Martha Professor of Law and Philosophy, University of Chicago. “Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements: Sen and Social Justice.” Feminist Economics 9 (2003): 33-59.

Only it allows dialogue between the oppressed, philosophers, and policymakers on equal comprehensible terms. Glass
“Can liberalism provide... proper discussion possible”
Glass, Arthur Professor of Law, University of New South Wales. “A Review of Postcolonial Liberalism by Duncan Iverson.” Australian Humanities Review 30 (2003).

The capabilities approach best captures the value of rights – rights are not valuable as abstract rules, but are only fulfilled when people have the ability to exercise them. For example, someone who cannot walk lacks the full value of the freedom of movement without extra resources. Nussbaum 2
“Regarding fundamental rights... right to someone.”
Nussbaum, Martha Professor of Law and Philosophy, University of Chicago. “Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements: Sen and Social Justice.” Feminist Economics 9 (2003): 33-59. Bracketed for Grammar

Capabilities can be interpreted in different ways in different societies – that is the point of pluralism. Nussbaum 3
“I also insist… the two nations.”
Nussbaum, Martha Professor of Law and Philosophy, University of Chicago. “Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements: Sen and Social Justice.” Feminist Economics 9 (2003): 33-59. Bracketed for Grammar

No agent has greater epistemic access to moral truths because morals aren’t verifiable with empirical fact. Markovitz
“Relatedly, internalism about… some of us are”
 Markovits, Julia. Moral reason. Oxford University Press, 2014.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Moral obligations arise from individuals’ internal consideration of right conduct. Bedke:
“If John Doe… motivation to X”
Bedke, M.S.  Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009.

Judgments based on external considerations are not moral judgments because they arise from considerations other than right and wrong. Bedke 2:
“Consider a distant… judgments in Amoralsville”
Bedke, M.S.  Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009.

Further, the very idea of externalist moral considerations assumes a background understanding that morality is internal. Bedke 3:
“My own judgment… is not out”
Bedke, M.S.  Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009.

Also, externalist moral conceptions collapse into desire rather than moral consideration. Roojen:
“Second, whether the..;. what is right”
Van Roojen, Mark. “Humean and anti-Humean internalism about moral judgements.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 65, no. 1, July 2002, pp. 26-49.

Further, internal moral reasoning is idiosyncratic to individuals. This is true because moral reasoning cannot produce objectively verifiable outcomes for all moral reasoners. Coburn:
“If criteria encapsulate… such a process”
Coburn, Robert C. Quals “A defense of ethical noncognitivism.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 62, no. 1, April 1991, pp. 67-80.

And, objective or universalist conceptions of morality devolve to totalitarianism. Rawls:
“A continuing adherence… to remain so”
Rawls, John. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Thus, the criterion is consistency with internal moral standards. 

Externalist thought is embedded within the nature of restrictions in relation to speech acts.
Harnish:
“Summarizing, internalists hold… offered mixed analyses.”
Harnish, Robert. "Internalism and externalism in speech act theory." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 5.1 (2009): 9-31.

Restrictions establish conditions of which speech is acceptable which is externalist by virtue as it requires an externalist declaration of which speech applies. ACLU:
“Because the ultimate… we'll be next”
"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016.

presume aff because there is an 11 side bias towards the neg
Henson, Clifford and Paul Dorasil. “Judging bias in competitive academic debate: the effects of region, side, and sex.” Contemporary Economic Policy, July 4, 2013

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
To question the binding nature of moral obligations implicitly concedes the significance of inclusion in normative conclusions because all objections would be made in the context of shared rules. Apel:
“It is mistaken… a communication community.”
Apel, Karl-Otto. Reprinted in Justification and Application: Remarks on Discourse Ethics by Jürgen 

Inclusion of all agents in the construction of truth is an ontological prerequisite to morality. Haste:
“Communitarian thinkers start… and historical context”
Haste, Helen. "Communitarianism and the social construction of morality." Journal of Moral Education 25.1 (1996): 47-55.

No agent has greater epistemic access to moral truths because morals aren’t verifiable with empirical fact. Markovitz:
“Relatedly, internalism about… of us are).”
Markovits, Julia. Moral reason. Oxford University Press, 2014.

Thus the standard is consistency with the maxim of including individuals in the construction of moral truths.

Additionally, only the analysis of intent of an action includes all perceptions into the construction of truths. Tannenbaum:
“When it comes… had occurred unintentionally.”
Tannenbaum, Melanie. ""But I Didn't Mean It!" Why It's so Hard to Prioritize Impacts over Intents." Scientific American Global RSS. N.p., 14 Oct. 2013. Web. 08 Sept. 2015.

Speech codes entrench a massive divide within society and push society to manifest into one in which nobody is included in the manifestation of truth— historically proven. Haiman:
“Placing limitations on… increased its circulation.”
Haiman, Franklyn. “The Remedy is More Speech.” The American Prospect. Summer 1991.

And, even when speech codes do target those with oppressive ideology, they are coopted and used as a tool of exclusion. Cammaerts
“However, in a… causes of it.”
Bart Cammaerts ‘9, London School of Economics and Political Science, England, 11-2009, "Radical pluralism and free speech in online public spaces," International Journal of Cultural Studies

Further, the neg embraces an overall maxim in which individuals are excluded from moral projects- means only the affirmative has a risk of epistemic validity. Greenawalt:
“Mill says that… to be tolerated.”
Greenawalt, Kent. "Free speech justifications." Columbia Law Review 89.1 (1989): 119-155.
"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016.

Restrictions establish conditions of which speech is acceptable which is exclusionary by virtue as it requires a declaration by one agent of which speech applies. ACLU:
“Because the ultimate… we'll be next”
"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
Moral obligations arise from individuals’ internal consideration of right conduct. Bedke:
“If John Doe… motivation to X”
Bedke, M.S.  Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009.

Judgments based on external considerations are not moral judgments because they arise from considerations other than right and wrong. Bedke 2:
“Consider a distant… judgments in Amoralsville”
Bedke, M.S.  Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009.

Further, the very idea of externalist moral considerations assumes a background understanding that morality is internal. Bedke 3:
“My own judgment… is not out”
Bedke, M.S.  Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009.

Also, externalist moral conceptions collapse into desire rather than moral consideration. Roojen:
“Second, whether the..;. what is right”
Van Roojen, Mark. “Humean and anti-Humean internalism about moral judgements.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 65, no. 1, July 2002, pp. 26-49.

Further, internal moral reasoning is idiosyncratic to individuals. This is true because moral reasoning cannot produce objectively verifiable outcomes for all moral reasoners. Coburn:
“If criteria encapsulate… such a process”
Coburn, Robert C. Quals “A defense of ethical noncognitivism.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 62, no. 1, April 1991, pp. 67-80.

And, objective or universalist conceptions of morality devolve to totalitarianism. Rawls:
“A continuing adherence… to remain so”
Rawls, John. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Thus, the criterion is consistency with internal moral standards. 

Externalist thought is embedded within the nature of restrictions in relation to speech acts.
Harnish:
“Summarizing, internalists hold… offered mixed analyses.”
Harnish, Robert. "Internalism and externalism in speech act theory." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 5.1 (2009): 9-31.

And, the affirmatives method of engagement with speech uniquely weeds out oppressive ideologies from prevalent ideas— prevents active imposition of moral values. Moosa:
“Thus, if we… entity once existed.”

Moosa, T. (2012). John Stuart Mill And The Dangers Of Silencing. Big Think. Retrieved 19 February 2017, from http://bigthink.com/against-the-new-taboo/john-stuart-mill-and-the-dangers-of-silencing

The neg actively excludes voices from moral projects- means only the affirmative has a risk of epistemic validity. Greenawalt:
“Mill says that… to be tolerated.”
Greenawalt, Kent. "Free speech justifications." Columbia Law Review 89.1 (1989): 119-155.

Restrictions establish conditions of which speech is acceptable which is externalist by virtue as it requires an externalist declaration of which speech applies. ACLU:
“Because the ultimate… we'll be next”
"Hate Speech On Campus". American Civil Liberties Union. N. p., 2016. Web. 4 Dec. 2016.

Presume aff because there is an 11 side bias towards the neg
Henson, Clifford and Paul Dorasil. “Judging bias in competitive academic debate: the effects of region, side, and sex.” Contemporary Economic Policy, July 4, 2013.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Finals | Opponent: Trent Gilbert | Judge: Big Moat Foley
The standard is consistency with the right to self-ownership.

Self-ownership if a commitment of all discursive exchange. Hoppe
“Argumentation does not… he was disputing”
Hans-Hermann Hoppe, The Economics and Ethics of Private Property, p. 334

My framework is most specific to the topical state agent and the only one that explains the origins of legitimate state authority. Simmons
“The motivation for… The motivation for”
A. John Simmons (Prof. of Philosophy, University of Virginia). “Locke and the Right to Punish.” Philosophy and Public Affairs Reader on Punishment. 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=-twJwC8asWgCandlpg=PA221andots=aQsfipB9nranddq=22by20some20voluntary20undertaking22andpg=PA221#v=onepageandqandf=false

The right to autonomous control of one’s aims and identity is foundational to other liberal rights, hence precludes and constrains rights like free speech. Christman
“The conception of… goal of justice.”
John Christman, “Autonomy in Moral and Political Philosophy,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, online, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/autonomy-moral/, 2003

The right to free speech is embedded within self ownership intrinsically- means the neg is by definition inconsistent with self ownership. Curtman:
“It is important… upon my liberty”
Curtman, Paul "Private Property And The Principles Of Self-Ownership". Paul Curtman. N. p., 2017. Web. 2 Feb. 2017.

Self-ownership requires that agents have the ability to regulate access to the self- means one needs to be able to freely express oneself via free speech in the context of identity construction. Kupfer:
“Because the ultimate… we'll be next."
Kupfer, Joseph. “Privacy, autonomy and self-concept.” American Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 24, Number 1, January 1987.

And, the aff props up self ownership while simultaneously ensuring people do not become complacent in driving hate speech underground- restricting it via speech restrictions causes more backlash and drive racism underground-historically proven. Haiman
“Placing limitations on… increased its circulation.”
Haiman, Franklyn. “The Remedy is More Speech.” The American Prospect. Summer 1991

Tournament: NOV DEC | Round: 1 | Opponent: ALL | Judge: ALL
Agamben, 2000 (Giorgio Agamben,  professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School; “Means Without End,” Univ. Minnesota Press, 2000, pg. 133)
Akuno, Kali. Operation Ghetto Storm: 2012 Annual Report on the Extrajudicial Killing of 313 Black People.  April 7, 2013.
Allen 2011 Jafari S., Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Anthropology at Yale University, ¡Venceremos?: The Erotics of Black Self-making in Cuba, p. 82-83
Armacost, Barbara. “Qualified immunity: ignorance excused.” Vanderbilt Law Review, vol. 51, no. 583, 1998.
Bedke, M.S.  Dept of Philosophy, University of Arizona “Moral judgment purposivism: saving internalism from amoralism.” Philosophical Studies, 144: 189-209, 2009.
Bergman, By Paul. "Formal Discovery: Gathering Evidence for Your Lawsuit." Nolo.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2016.
Boardman, William S. “Coordination and the moral obligation to obey the law.” Ethics, vol. 97, no. 3, April 1987, pp. 546-557.
Boersma, 5 (Jess Boersma teaches courses in Peninsular literatures, critical thought, and Spanish language at U of NC, “What About Schmitt? Translating Carl: Schmitt’s Theory of Sovereignty as Literary Concept”, published in Discourse, 27.2and3, Spring and Fall 2005, pp. 215-227 (Article), accessed 7/16/13, projectMUSE)
Boys, Jos. “challenging the 'normal': towards new conceptual frameworks”, http://sowhatisnormal.co.uk.contentcurator.net/challenging
Bradshaw, Tansy. “Frankenstein and the Social Model of Disability.” TansyBradshaw. February 21, 2015. Web.
Brain VanDeMark, November, United States Naval Academy, 578 Annals 186 lexis)
Brenner, Susan. Police Administration, Structures, Processes, and Behavior. CTI Reviews, 2016.
Brooke, David. QandA Jurisprudence. New York: Routledge, 2015.
Brown 9, Prof. of History and African and African-American Studies @ Harvard Univ., December 2009, "Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery," American Historical Review, p. 1231-1249
Butler 98 Judith. “Merely Cultural”. New Left Review Issue 227. Pg 36-7
Canavan, 2011 – Assistant Professor @ Marquette University (Gerry; “Fighting a war you've already lost: Zombies and zombis in Firefly/Serenity and Dollhouse”; Science Fiction Film and Television  Volume 4, Issue 2, Autumn 2011; Pg. 175-176; DOA: 7/19/15, ProjectMUSE || NDW)
Catherine Mills is currently an ARC Future Fellow and Associate Professor of Bioethics in the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University. I was previously employed at University of Sydney, Australia, and have been Lecturer in Philosophy at University of New South Wales, and the Australian National University. I completed a PhD in Philosophy at the Australian National University.  My main research interests lie in the areas of biopolitics and bioethics.  “Playing with Law: Agamben and Derrida on Postjuridical Justice”, The Agamben Effect p. 23-24)/CW
Catherine Mills, Professor in the Department of Philosophy at University of New South Wales, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy- Giorgio Agamben: Language and Metaphysics)http://www.iep.utm.edu/agamben/#H1 || LB
Coburn, Robert C. Quals “A defense of ethical noncognitivism.” Philosophical Studies, vol. 62, no. 1, April 1991, pp. 67-80.
David Mariott, “Black Cultural Studies”, Years Work Crit Cult Theory (2012) 20 (1): 37-66
David N. Dorfman, Proving the Lie: Litigating Police Credibility, 26 Am. J. Crim. L. 455 (1999)
Deleuze 2004 – (Gilles, thinker, Desert Islands and Other Texts 1953-1974, pg. 274-280 Originally published in Italian. "Relazione di Gilles Deleuze" and discussions in Armando Verdiglione, ed., Psicanalisi e Politica; Atti del Comvegno di studi tenuto a Milano l'8-9 Maggio 1973. Milan: Feltrinelli, 19-3, pp. 7-11, 17-21, 37-40, 44-45, 169-172. Abridged and edited.)
Dowd, Joseph (Graduate Student of Philosophy at the University of California, Irvine). "Hoc aliquid: What makes an ought a moral ought?" 06 May 2011
Dr. Dominic Corva, Professor in Department of Geography at University of Washington, Biopower and the Militarization of the Police Function”) https://www.academia.edu/298029/Biopower_and_the_Militarization_of_the_Police_Function || LB
Educating Unruly Bodies: Critical Pedagogy, Disability Studies, and the Politics of Schooling, Nirmala Ervelles Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology Auburn University 2000
Eisenberg, Theodore and Lanvers, Charlotte, "Summary Judgment Rates Over time, Across Case Categories, and Across Districts: An Empirical Study of Three Large Federal Districts" (2008). Cornell Law Faculty Publications. Paper 108.
Emden 2009 J. Emden, Department of German Studies, Rice University. How to Fall into Carl Schmitt's Trap. July.
Endres, Danielle. “The rhetoric of nuclear colonialism: rhetorical exclusion of American Indian arguments in the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste siting decision.” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, vol. 6, No. 1, March 2009.
Epstein, 93 (Mikhail, 1993, “A Draft Essay on Russian and Western Postmodernism,” Postmodern Culture, S. C. Dobbs Professor of Cultural Theory and Russian Literature at Emory University, Professor of Russian and Cultural Theory at Durham University, UK, http://muse.jhu.edu.ezp2.lib.umn.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v003/3.2epstein.html)
Evan Bernick, 5-6-2015, "Why Do Police Get Immunity?,") https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/ || LB
Evan, With Friends Like These...Carl Schmitt, Political Ontology, and National Socialism, PhD Student in Political Science, University of Virginia Graduate Student Conference, http://www.virginia.edu/politics/grad_program/print/Farr_gradconference09.pdf
Ewa Plonowska Ziarek, Edited by Henry Sussman, 10-25-2012, "Impasses of the Post-Global: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 2”) http://quod.lib.umich.edu/o/ohp/10803281.0001.001/1:11/~-~-impasses-of-the-post-global-theory-in-the-era-of-climate?rgn=div1;view=fulltext || LB
Farr 9 Evan, PhD Student in Political Science. With Friends Like These...Carl Schmitt, Political Ontology, and National Socialism
Farr, 9
Feagin, Fmr President-American Sociological Association, (Systemic Racism: A Theory of Oppression, P. 9)
Fiona Anne Kumari Campbell, The Great Divide: Ableism and Technologies of Disability Production, 2003
Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter, “Oughts, Options, and Actualism”, Philosophical Review, 1986
Frank Jackson and Robert Pargetter, “Oughts, Options, and Actualism”, Philosophical Review, 1986
Freeman, M. “Anthropology and the democratization of human rights.” The International Journal of Human Rights, vol. 6 no. 3, pp. 37-54, 2002.
Galloway 12 - Phd in Literature, Associate professor in the Department of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University  (Alexander, http://itself.wordpress.com/2012/06/03/a-response-to-graham-harmans-marginalia-on-radical-thinking/, A response to Graham Harman’s “Marginalia on Radical Thinking”, June 3rd 2012)
Gary L. Drescher (Visiting Fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, PhD in Computer Science from MIT). “Good and Real: Demystifying Paradoxes from Physics to Ethics.” Bradford Books. 5 May 2006.
George, Yale Law Graduate, And Holds a B.A. in Philosophy from Emory. “Become What You Are”)
Gibson 96 (Katharine, Julie, , human geography @ Australian National University, and Graham, geography @ U of Massachussets, 96 The End of Capitalism (As We Know It), p. 263-64, JT)
Giorgio Agamben, professor of aesthetics at the University of Verona and author of ten books, titled: State Of Exception, pages 14-16
Giorgio Agamben, Professor of Philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, “The State of Exception”, pg. 63 2005)roetlin
Giorgio Agamben, smart dude; too smart for credentials; trust meh, “Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life” 2004) || LB
Giorgio, PhD in philosophy and professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School, University of Minnesota Press, “Means without End: Notes on Politics”, Theory out of Bounds Volume 20 p.42-43, 1996, http://monoskop.org/images/3/3c/Agamben_Giorgio_Means_without_end_notes_on_politics_2000.pdf, 7/19/15
Glaude 07 (Eddie is a William S. Tod Professor of Religion and African American Studies, Department of Religion, and Chair, Center for African American Studies at Princeton, “In a Shade of Blue: Pragmatism and the Politics of Black America,” p. x-xii)cc
Gonick, Lev and Isaac Prilleltensky. “Polities change, oppression remains: on the psychology and politics of oppression.” Political Psychology, vol. 17, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 127-148.
Halewood, Peter. “White men can’t jump: critical epistemologies, embodiment, and the praxis of legal scholarship.” Yale Journal of Law and Feminism, vol. 7, No. 1, 1995.
Harvey, Kathryn. "Democratic Agonism: Conflict and Contestation in Divided Societies." EInternational Relations. School of Oriental and African Studies, 20 Oct. 2012. Web. 21 July 2016.
Hassel, Diana. "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity." Mo. L. Rev 64 (1999): 123.
Hatab, Louis I. Jaffe Professor of Philosophy and University Professor at Old Dominion University, 02  (Lawrence J., Prospects for a Democratic Agon: Why We Can Still Be Nietzscheans, The Journal of Nietzsche Studies, Issue 24, Fall, p. 132-147, CAF)
Hawthorne, John (Prof of Phil @ Oxford) and Jason Stanley (Prof of Phil @ Rutgers). “Knowledge and Action.” The Journal of Philosophy 105.10 (2008).
Henson, Clifford and Paul Dorasil. “Judging bias in competitive academic debate: the effects of region, side, and sex.” Contemporary Economic Policy, July 4, 2013.
Hoppe, Hans-Hermann. The Economics and Ethics of Private Property, p. 334.
http://countercurrentnews.com/2015/07/no-one-talking-about-the-real-reason-sandra-bland-was-arrested/
https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/12/06/i-was-a-st-louis-cop-my-peers-were-racist-and-violent-and-theres-only-one-fix/?utm_term=.268f915e8907
Hudson 13, Political Studies Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg , South Africa, has been on the editorial board of the Africa Perspective: The South African Journal of Sociology and Theoria: A Journal of Political and Social Theory and Transformation, and is a member of the Johannesburg Workshop in Theory and Criticism, The state and the colonial unconscious, Social Dynamics: A journal of African studies, 2013
Iréne Matthis, '4 (Associate Duke Prof, “Dialogues on Sexuality, Gender, and Psychoanalysis”, p. 108-109)roetlin
J.K. Gibson-Graham, feminist economist, 1996, End of Capitalism
JasonsConnections. “The Frankenstein Effect – Society is creating its own Monsters.” Jasonsconnection. Web. June 26, 2014.
Joanna C. Schwartz. Acting Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law. "WHAT POLICE LEARN FROM LAWSUITS" 33 CARDOZO L. REV.  (2010).
John Larrivee ’10, Economist at Mount St. Mary’s University, Masters from the Harvard Kennedy school, PhD in economics from Wisconsin, 10 John, “A Framework For The Moral Analysis Of Markets,” 10/1, http://www.teacheconomicfreedom.org/files/larrivee-paper-1.pdf
Jon Swaine, Oliver Laughland, Jamiles Lartey and Ciara McCarthy. “The counted police killings 2015 young black men.” The Guardian. 31 Dec 15.
Joseph Barndt, Co-Director, Crossroads, DISMANTLING RACISM, 1991, p. 155-156
Joshua Greene and Jonathan Cohen – 2004 Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, “For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc.Lond. B, November 2004. The Royal Society.
Kade Crockford, "Militarization of Police and Racial Justice Gone Wrong: The Eurie Stamps Tragedy", ACLU, Speak Freely, 09/29/2015
Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving ethics from action: a nietzschean version of constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 83:3, pp. 620-660, November 2011.
Kelly ’03 -- Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies at UCONN. (Kristin A., Domestic Violence and the Politics of Privacy, ed. By K. Kelly. P. 55-56)FM
Kelly, Kimbriell and Kimberly Kindy. “Thousands dead, few prosecuted.” The Washington Post, April 11, 2015.
Kimoga, Joseph. “Conceptualizing ‘preoccupation’: evidence from attention-seeker questioning.” Journal of Curriculum Studies, vol. 42, no. 4, 2010.
Kinports, Kit. “The Supreme Court’s quiet expansion of qualified immunity.” Minnesota Law Review Headnotes, 100:62, 2016.
Knight . Society As, xx-xx-xxxx, "Mary Shelley’s Dehumanization of the Disabled," No Publication, http://eng181.dillon181.com/blog/frankenstein-tobin-siebers/mary-shelleys-dehumanization-of-the-disabled/
Krishna ‘93 Sankaran (Professor of Political Science at the University of Hawaii); Alternatives; v. 18, p. 400-401 nick
Laura S. Harper Lawyer in Texas, Dallas "Battered Women Suing Police for Failure to Intervene: Viable Legal Avenues After Deshaney v. Winnibago County Department of Social Services." Cornell Law Review volume 75 issue 6 September 1990.
Leong, Nancy. “The Saucier qualified immunity experiment: an empirical analysis.” Pepperdine Law Review, vol. 36:667, 2009.
Lewis ’14 (Tyson Lewis, PhD in Educational Philosophy from UCLA, “Education as Free Use: Giorgio Agamben on Studious Play, Toys, and the Inoperative Schoolhouse”, May 7th, wcp)
Lindeman, Kathryn M. AB, Mount Holyoke College, 2005; PhD in philosophy, University of Pittsburgh, 2014 “Grounding constitutivism.” Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Pittsburgh, 2014.
Logan, Wayne. “Police mistakes of law.” Emory Law Journal, vol. 61, no. 69, 2011.
Losey, Ralph. "There Can Be No Justice Without Truth, And No Truth Without Search." E-Discovery Team. N.p., 31 Mar. 2013. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.
Luen, Tan. “Knowledge management in the public sector: principles and practices in police work.” Journal of Information Science, vol. 27, no. 5, 2001.
Massa 14- speaking of Frank Wilderson “Implications of Wilderson’s Afro-Pessimism” http://thehistoricalnerds.com/2014/12/16/implications-of-wildersons-afro-pessimism/#comments
Mendieta, 4/25/2002 – associate professor of Philosophy at Stony Brook University (Eduardo, “‘To make live and to let die’ –Foucault on Racism”, American Psychological Association Central Division Meeting, p. 3-4)roetlin
Michel, Society Must be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976, p. 254-257 Trans. David Macey
Milchman teaches in the department of Political Science of Queens College of the City University of New York. He has published on Marxism, modern genocide, Max Weber, Heidegger, Foucault, and postmodernism. He has co-edited Postmodernism and the Holocaust, with Alan Rosenberg (Rodopi, 1998) and Martin Heidegger and the Holocaust, with Alan Rosenberg (Humanities Press, 1996), Alan is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Queens College of the City University of New York. He has published widely on psychoanalysis, the Holocaust, and the philosophies of Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Foucault. Among the books that he has co-edited are Foucault and Heidegger: Critical Encounters, with Alan Milchman (University of Minnesota Press, forthcoming); Contemporary Portrayals of Auschwitz: Philosophical Challenges, with James Watson and Detlef B. Linke (Humanity Books); Psychoanalytic Versions of the Human Condition, with Paul Marcus (NYU press, 1998); Healing Their Wounds: Psychotherapy with Holocaust Survivors and Their Families, with Paul Marcus (Praeger, 1989); and Echoes from the Holocaust: Philosophical Reflections on a Dark Time, with Gerald Myers (Temple University Press, 1988). “A Foucauldian Analysis of Psychoanalysis: A Discipline that ‘Disciplines’” Academy for the Study of the Psychoanalytic Arts, http://www.academyanalyticarts.org/milchandrosen.htm/
Millgram, Elijah, "Practical Reason and the Structure of Actions", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2012/entries/practical-reason-action/.
Mouffe, Chantal, Elke Wagner, and Chantal Mouffe. Agonistics: Thinking the World Politically. New York: Verso, 2013.
Nardin, Terry Nardin, “International Ethics and International Law”. Review of International Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan., 1992), pp. 19-30, published by Cambridge University Press.
Newman, Jon O. "Here's a Better Way to Punish the Police: Sue Them for Money." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 23 June 2016. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University  Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor
Pallitto and Heyman 8 – Political Science, Seton Hall University; Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The University of Texas at El Paso (Robert and Josiah, “Theorizing Cross-Border Mobility: Surveillance, Security and Identity”, 2008, http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/viewFile/3426/3389) KW
Pellegrino, Edmund. Georgetown University. “The internal morality of clinical medicine: a paradigm for the ethics of the helping and healing professions.” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol. 26, no. 6, 2001.
Precaido 13 Interview between Ricky Tucker and Beatriz Preciado, professor of Political History of the Body, Gender Theory, and History of Performance at Paris VIII, “Pharmacopornography: An Interview with Beatriz Preciado,” December 4, 2013, The Paris Review
Rahel Jaeggi (August 2014). “Alienation.” Columbia University Press. Translated by Frederick Neuhouser and Alan E. Smith. Edited by Frederick Neuhouser. Rahel Jaeggi is professor of social and political philosophy at the Humboldt University in Berlin. Her research focuses on ethics, social philosophy, political philosophy, philosophical anthropology, social ontology, and critical theory.
Rawls, John. Justice as Fairness: A Restatement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Rée 12 -~-- writer, philosopher and historian (Jonathan, “Less Than Nothing by Slavoj Žižek – review”, http://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/jun/27/less-than-nothing-slavoj-zizek-review?newsfeed=true)//trepka
RHIZOMATICK 2012 (I am a Belgian philosophy student from Leuven university, “A POLITICS OF THE DEATH DRIVE,” Sep 22, http://rhizomatick.wordpress.com/2012/09/22/a-politics-of-the-death-drive/)
Robert Barsky, Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Vanderbilt University, “Safe Spaces in an Era of Gated Communities and Disproportionate Punishments,” 2008, wcp)
Robinson 5 -~-- PhD in political theory at the University of Nottingham (Andrew, “The Political Theory of Constitutive Lack: A Critique”, Project Muse)trepka
Rudovsky, David. “The qualified immunity doctrine in the Supreme Court: judicial activism and the restriction of constitutional rights.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 138, no. 23, 1989.
Russell, Bertrand. The Conquest of Happiness. New York: H. Liveright, 1930. Print. LB
Senkel, Tara. Attorney in New York Civilians Often Need Protection From the Police: Let's Handcuff Police Brutality 15 N.Y.L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. 385 (1998-1999).
Simonds, Lord Gavin. Bedder v. Director of Public Prosecutions, HL 1954.
Singer
Sinhababu
Slattery, Elizabeth. “A victory against judicial activism.” The Daily Signal, January 25, 2013.
The People's Law Dictionary. "Legal Dictionary - Law.com." Law.com Legal Dictionary. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Nov. 2016.
Thomassen, Department of Government, University of Essex, 4 (Dr Lasse, “LACANIAN POLITICAL THEORY: A REPLY TO ROBINSON”, BJPIR: 2004 VOL 6, P558-561)trepka
Tubert, Ariela. “Constitutive arguments.” Philosophy Compass, 5/8, 2010, pp. 656-666.
U.S. Department of Justice. “Principles of good policing: avoiding violence between police and citizens.” 2003. Web.
US Department of Justice. "Importance of Police-Community Relationships." N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2016.
Van Roojen, Mark. “Humean and anti-Humean internalism about moral judgements.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, vol. 65, no. 1, July 2002, pp. 26-49.
Wallace, Jay. Prof of Phil, UC Berkeley Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments, 1994, p. 52.
Ward 95 –  professor of Law and of graduate of Yale law school and BA from Wellesley college (Cynthia Ward, “The Radical Feminist defense of Individualism,” 884, 885, 1995, http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1102andcontext=facpubs)//EM
Wedgwood, Ralph (Professor of Philosopy at USC). "The aim of belief." Nous 36 (October 2002): p. 267-297.
William Grey, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland, 1993 (“Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology,” Australiasian Journal of Philosophy, Volume 71, Number 4, Available Online at http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html, Accessed 07-27-2011)
Winter, Deborah, and Leighton, Dana. “Structural violence.” In D. J. Christie, R. V. Wagner, and D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century. New York: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
Wright, 2015 (Journalist and PHD in Law. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity."
Wright, Sam, Source: Thomson Reuters, Source: My Shingle, Source: Law Sites Blog, and Source: Above The Law. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. N.p., 3 Nov. 2015. Web. 13 Oct. 2016.