Tournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Hi, I'm Jake from sky view. You can email me at Bocajrelznuk@gmail.com, text me at (435)770-4431, or Facebook message me

Tournament: Sky View Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Sky View RW | Judge: Jody Orme

Rational entities must adhere to Constitutivism, or risk falling to infinite regression

Katsafanas Paul (Boston University) "Constitutivism about practical reasons" March 6th 2014 JW
Normative claims make demands on us: they tell us which actions to perform and
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not invoke external facts in order to legitimate their claim to authority.15

Obligations of institutions like a government must come from their constitutive aims—i.e. their inherent purpose. Otherwise, we can always ask why do we care, and never be able to generate normative obligations for the state.

Surgener writes: Kirk Surgener, Neo-Kantian Constitutivism and Metaethics. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/3298/1/Surgener12PhD.pdf 2011. DD
Constitutivism tries to ground the claims about agency Korsgaard uses in her argument for the
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system of distribution must embody to be a system of distribution at all.

For entities to achieve ends, constitutivity must be adhered to, as entities exist over time consistent action must be taken to achieve the stated ends. Variation from the intended purpose creates infinite regression.

Korsgaard 1 writes: Christine M. Korsgaard. "Personal Identity and the Unity of Agency: A Kantian Response to Parfit." In Personal Identity, ed. Raymond Martin and John Barresi. Blackwell: Malden, 2003.
The considerations I have adduced so far apply to unification at any given moment,
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clear content can be given to the idea of a merely present self.^

Free Speech is Key to Autonomy

Leanord, James. Jul  9 19:54:18 2016. Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University. Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org).DA=7/9/16.-SVJK)
Apart from any contribution to the advancement of truth, the attainment of knowledge,
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undergo a continuing process of introspection and evolution of their ideas and values.

Since independence is a necessary aim of each person, they need to rationally respect each other in order to ensure others respect their independence, too. Yet, in the state of nature, people have no independence because there's no central authority to regulate disputes over rights claims. The government is thus created as an arbiter of these rights claims.

Ripstein 2 writes:
The second problem ~with the state of nature~ concerns the enforcement of rights
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common) and powerful will, that can provide everyone this assurance."17

Since individuals can't have independence in the state of nature and a government that acts on behalf of all citizens is the only way to secure this freedom, they have an obligation to form the state. The constitutive aim of the government is thus to act as the collective will of the people by securing rights claims.

Ripstein 3 writes:
These difficulties for innate right in the state of nature—indeterminacy, lack of
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on behalf of everyone~.~, and authorizing both enforcement and adjudication under law.

Only restrictions predicated on independence create limitations that are fair, since they are equally restrictive to all parties.

Ripstein ~Arthur Ripstein, Force and Freedom: Kant's Legal and Political Philosophy, 2009~
Independence is the basic principle of right. It guarantees equal freedom, and so requires that no person be subject to the choice of another. The idea of independence is similar to one that has been the target of many objections. The basic form of almost all of these focuses on the fact that any set of rules prohibits some acts that people would otherwise do, so that, for example, laws prohibiting personal injury and property damage put limits on the ability of people to
do as they wish.  Because different people have incompatible wants, to let one
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entitlement to accept or decline your invitations is simply their right to independence.

View the framework debate as a question of which ethical theory is better justified, rather than whether one is absolutely true. This is a better philosophical methodology.

Ross writes: Jacob Ross. Rejecting Ethical Deflationism. Ethics. 2006. DD
Before considering the question of what ethical theories are worthy of acceptance and what ethical
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the problem of theory acceptance, both in ethics and in other domains.

Free Speech is Key to Autonomy

Leanord 1, James. Jul  9 19:54:18 2016. Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University. Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org).DA=7/9/16.-SVJK)
Apart from any contribution to the advancement of truth, the attainment of knowledge,
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undergo a continuing process of introspection and evolution of their ideas and values.

Restricting free speech opens up the playing field to majority override autonomy abuses. Utilitarian balancing doesn't justify the denial of first amendment rights.

Baker, Edwin C.1989.Human Liberty and Freedom of Speech.Book. Copyright © 1989 by Oxford University Press, Inc.DA=7/14/16.-SVJK)
Historically, not all societies have exhibited the view that these premises of respect for
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~s~ why utilitarian balancing does not justify limiting first amendment rights.

Resentment of Speech Codes Kills Potential Solvency

Leanord 2, James. Jul  9 19:54:18 2016. Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University. Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org).DA=7/9/16.-SVJK)
In fact, the effect of the codes will probably be negative. The one
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sense of equality will emerge from an atmosphere of resentment against university paternalism.

Speech Codes Only Transform Hate Speech into Something Worse

Leanord 3 James. Jul  9 19:54:18 2016. Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University. Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org).DA=7/9/16.-SVJK)
Perhaps the most insidious effect of thought restrictions is the removal of offensive thought from
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ugliness of a thought is a reason to expose rather than hide it.

Long term impact of speech codes is racial violence

Leanord 4, James. Jul  9 19:54:18 2016. Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University. Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org).DA=7/9/16.-SVJK)
In the long term, resentment over thought control will probably harden~s~
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campus that emphasizes differences over shared values is hardly promising and probably doomed.

The Aff Doesn't Exacerbate Hate Speech

Leanord 5, James. "Killing with Kindness: Speech Codes in the American University." Ohio Northern University Law Review, 1993
An additional point should be made at the risk of stating the obvious. The
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or "long live civility,!" the principle of free expression is preserved.

Tournament: Copper Classic | Round: 6 | Opponent: Layton ZB | Judge: Max Kline

Camila Vallejo started and led a campaign of students against a neoliberal Chilean government to provide education to the masses. In 2014 members of what became known as the Chilean winter came to the United States for a tour of 16 colleges, teaching students here how to organize and spread anti-capitalistic values.

Brian Yu had the courage to speak out against the harms of student loans on university students at the CUPSI poetry slam earlier this year.

Vallejo(2012), Camila. Protesters' stories: Camila Vallejo and Chile. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/13/protesters-camila-vallejo-chile-students.thegaurdian website.interview. Friday 13 January 2012 12.00 EST.DA=7/8/16.-SVJK)
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Brian, Yu. April 6 2016.poem.CUPSI 2016 Invitational
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march every Thursday, but there is going to be a huge development.

The role of the judge as an intellectual is to endorse movements seeking to produce truth contributing to the destruction of Neoliberalism.

Foucault, Michel. Apr 15, 2008.Truth: Engagements Across Philosophical Traditions. https://books.google.com/books?id=fsRmQSnLT-kCandpg=PA334andlpg=PA334anddq=It+seems+to+me+that+5BW5Dhat+must+now+be+taken+into+account+in+the+5BThe5D+intellectual+is+not+the+E28098bearer+of+universal+values.E28099+Rather,+itE28099s+5Bis5D+the+person+5Bwho5D+occupying+a+specific+position+E28093++but+whose+specificity+is+linked,+in+a+society+like+ours,+to+the+general+functioning+of+an+apparatus+of+truth.+In+other+words,+the+intellectual+has+a+three-fold+specificityandsource=blandots=07eiVieX6eandsig=1bCI2QExvtx64a2VLbz7Yn3myqsandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwj0mO2K7eTNAhXHSyYKHSTaAGMQ6AEIIjAC~#v=onepageandq=It20seems20to20me20that205BW5Dhat20must20now20be20taken20into20account20in20the205BThe5D20intellectual20is20not20the20E28098bearer20of20universal20values.E2809920Rather2C20itE28099s205Bis5D20the20person205Bwho5D20occupying20a20specific20position20E280932020but20whose20specificity20is20linked2C20in20a20society20like20ours2C20to20the20general20functioning20of20an20apparatus20of20truth.20In20other20words2C20the20intellectual20has20a20three-fold20specificityandf=false.DA=7/8/16.-SVJK)
It seems to me that ~W~hat must now be taken into account
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hegemony, social economic and cultural, within which it operates~.~ at the

Speech acts both on campus and in the debate space have political effects. Claiming otherwise tacitly endorses Neoliberalism.

Shor '92, Ira (Professor at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York, where he teaches composition and rhetoric) Empowering Education: Critical Teaching for Social Change, 1992, p 12-13, https://books.google.com/books?id=IQiqAAAAQBAJandpg=PA12andlpg=PA12anddq=22People+are+naturally+curious.+They+are+born+learners22andsource=blandots=w6g36Hirygandsig=UeWZ0MDLML2WHTCKQHnp0_p81RQandhl=enandsa=Xandei=BtUCVeruLMSiyASB-oG4Cgandved=0CCkQ6AEwAg~~#v=onepageandq=22People20are20naturally20curious.20They20are20born20learners22andf=false
People are naturally curious. They are born learners. Education can either develop or
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authorities, waiting to be told what to do and what things mean.

Deconstructive Speech acts are supercharged through the power of the Judges ballot, with each repetition of the performance. Prefer my role of the ballot as this creates real pedagogical change.

Butler, noted for her studies on gender and teaches composition and rhetoric at Berkeley, 93 (Dr. Judith, 'Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex') pp. 225 LRP – SVJK)
Performative acts are forms of authoritative speech: most performatives, for instance, are
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"act" emerges in the context of a chain of binding convention.

Failure to speak out allows the Corporate university to tighten its reigns on American society.

Giroux 1, Henry. Henry A. Giroux:Neoliberalism, Democracy and the University as a Public Sphere. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/23156-henry-a-giroux-neoliberalism-democracy-and-the-university-as-a-public-sphere. Truthout.Interview. Tuesday, 22 April 2014 09:44.DA=7/7/16.-SVJK)
These are some of the reasons why education is being massively defunded while students are
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defined by a top-down authoritarian style of power.
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Propagating Corporate reality entrenches a cycle of domination that strips humanity of critical thinking skills, commodifying the student as gears of the working class.

Giroux 2, Henry. Henry A. Giroux:Neoliberalism, Democracy and the University as a Public Sphere. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/23156-henry-a-giroux-neoliberalism-democracy-and-the-university-as-a-public-sphere. Truthout.Interview. Tuesday, 22 April 2014 09:44.DA=7/7/16.-SVJK)
More striking still is the slow death of the university as a center of critique
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a world that is more just equal and democratic society.
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Capitalist agenda for education transforms the corporate university into a profit machine, churning tuition fees into the pockets of private neoliberalists and students into the working field

R., Kumar.7/25/12.Education and the Reproduction of Capital: Neoliberal Knowledge and Counterstrategies.Book.https://books.google.com/books?id=wRLIAAAAQBAJanddq=neoliberal+education+feeds+the+use+of+capitalandsource=gbs_navlinks_s.DA=7/7/16.-SVJK)
The capitalist state has a capitalist agenda for education and a business plan in education
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produce compliant, ideologically indoctrinated, procapitalist, effective workers.
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This commodification is de-humanizing. Capitalist proxemics dehumanize by treating the body as a means rather than an ends

Seth Ackerman, Jacobin Magazine, 11.21.12, on the editorial board of Jacobin and a doctoral candidate in history at Cornell. ~"The Twinkie Defense, or What Does "Uncompetitive" Mean?", https://www.jacobinmag.com/2012/11/the-twinkie-defense-or-what-does-uncompetitive-mean/~~ bcr
But the union got blamed instead, and that points to a fascinating aporia in
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, workers will be storming an archipelago of little Bastilles.
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Higher Education for the masses is a direct threat to Neoliberalism. This is the optimal setting for the performance.

Giroux 3, Henry. Henry A. Giroux:Neoliberalism, Democracy and the University as a Public Sphere. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/23156-henry-a-giroux-neoliberalism-democracy-and-the-university-as-a-public-sphere. Truthout.Interview. Tuesday, 22 April 2014 09:44.DA=7/7/16.-SVJK)
Higher education is one of the few public spheres left where students can learn to
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This is viewed as a threat to a largely white dominated public sphere.  

Vote affirmative to lay siege to the neoliberal empire – endorsing my anti-capitalist performance propagates new forms of knowledge production and resistance, starving neoliberalism of oxygen. Rejecting capitalist ideology must be our starting point.

Dr. Dara Nilajah Nix-Stevenson, A Query Into the Social Construction of (Un)natural Disasters: Teaching (About) the Biopolitics of Disposability, 2013 ~"", http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/NixStevenson_uncg_0154D_11174.pdf~~ bcr
Particularly as it relates to Hurricane Katrina and Haiti, languages of Empire are rooted
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embedded in the counterstory of the subaltern becomes the tool of mass resistance. 

Operating from within the system while taking elements from the past is the only way to provide actual institutional change

Brian, Stipelman.10/4/12.That Broader Definition of Liberty: The Theory and Practice of the New Deal. https://books.google.com/books?id=wf7BKhegvEICandpg=PA266andlpg=PA266anddq=confront+capitalism+institutionandsource=blandots=ICFofFv1p1andsig=T4MT5t4_2RU49aE-R62G3jx-iwsandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjbsbqeu_vNAhVKOCYKHdkvB3gQ6AEIOjAF~~#v=onepageandqandf=false.DA=7/17/16.-SVJK)
This is why the ability of the Left to tap into our traditions, to
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values, making it a far more effective strategy for promoting institutional reform.