To modify or delete round reports, edit the associated round.
Cites
Entry
Date
Anti-Zionism AC
Tournament: Stanford | Round: Triples | Opponent: Peninsula JL | Judge: Steele, Olson, Fee The role of the ballot is to evaluate the simulated consequences of the affirmative policy against a competing policy option to reduce material oppression.
The aff deploys a heuristic to use scenario planning, which is pedagogically valuable even if politics and colleges are bad—it enhances creativity, deconstructs biases, and teaches advocacy skills Barma et al 16 – (May 2016, Advance Publication Online on 11/6/15, Naazneen Barma, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Assistant Professor of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School, Brent Durbin, PhD in Political Science from UC-Berkeley, Professor of Government at Smith College, Eric Lorber, JD from UPenn and PhD in Political Science from Duke, Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, Rachel Whitlark, PhD in Political Science from GWU, Post-Doctoral Research Fellow with the Project on Managing the Atom and International Security Program within the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard, “‘Imagine a World in Which’: Using Scenarios in Political Science,” International Studies Perspectives 17 (2), pp. 1-19) What Are Scenarios ... in international affairs. 2. Ideal theory ignores particularities, making ethics inaccessible and epistemically skewed Mills 05 Charles Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2006 The crucial common ... male-dominated philosophical literature. 3. Prefer systemic impacts over linear ones- key to real-world policy analysis, accurate evidence and the reputation of debate. Cohn 13 Nate Cohn (Georgetown). Improving the Norms and Practices of Policy Debate. «November 24, 2013, 02:10:58 PM» http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php/topic,5416.msg12020.html#msg12020 The fact that ... noise of prediction. I will defend Resolved: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech that criticizes the State of Israel. Volokh 16 Eugene Volokh, teaches free speech law, religious freedom law, church-state relations law, a First Amendment Amicus Brief Clinic, and tort law, at UCLA School of Law, where he has also often taught copyright law, criminal law, and a seminar on firearms regulation, “University of California Board of Regents is wrong about ‘anti-Zionism’ on campus,” The Washington Post, March 16, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/03/16/university-of-california-board-of-regents-is-wrong-about-anti-zionism-on-campus/?utm_term=.cfab0cd93ad6 The University of ... indeed be discussed. Defining anti-Zionism as anti-Semitic chills on-campus discourse that attempts to criticize Israeli policies or support Palestine Emmons 16 Alex Emmons, Senate Responds to Trump-Inspired Anti-Semitism By Targeting Students Who Criticize Israel, The Intercept, December 2 2016 A draft of ... students on campus. Advantage 1: Islamophobia A. Suppressing pro-Palestine movements denies Palestinian students the ability to form solidarity and emboldens future censorship Nadeau and Sears 11 Mary-Jo Nadeau and Alan Sears, Mary-Jo Nadeau teaches at the Department of Sociology, University of Toronto-Mississauga. Alan Sears teaches at the Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, Toronto. “This Is What Complicity Looks Like: Palestine and the Silencing Campaign on Campus,” The Bullet, March 5, 2011, http://www.socialistproject.ca/bullet/475.php The silencing campaign ... of the universities. B. Conflating anti-Semitism and anti-Zionism encourages radical groups to demean and marginalize Muslim-American students Solomon 16 Daniel J. Solomon, “Inflammatory Pro-Israel Posters Pop Up on Campus — Are They Islamophobic?,” Forward, October 26, 2016, A row over ... “settler colonialist” movement. Islamophobia empirically leads to hate crimes and violence Foran 16 Clare Foran, Donald Trump and the Rise of Anti-Muslim Violence, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/09/trump-muslims-islamophobia-hate-crime/500840/ A new report ... initial terror attacks. Advantage 2: Civic Engagement Public universities cut funding from student organizations even tangentially related to pro-Palestine divestment strategies—empirically proven on UC campuses, where dissociation with Palestine is a prerequisite to funding Friedman 15 Nora Barrows-Friedman, staff writer and associate editor at The Electronic Intifada, “UCLA student groups face funding cuts over Israel divestment,” The Electronic Intifada, Dec 7, 2015 The Graduate Students ... 30 student organizations. 2 IMPACTS— A. Open discourse about BDS is uniquely good—it builds coalitions across racial groups and spills over to other reform movements. Also takes out the anti-Semitism disad—Israeli student groups are invested—no pun intended—in open debate to solve real anti-Semitism at the source Hallward and Shaver 12 Maia Carter Hallward and Patrick Shaver, Associate Professor of Middle East Politics at American university, “‘‘WAR by other Means’’ or Nonviolent Resistance? Examining the Discourses Surrounding Berkeley’s Divestment Bill,” Peace and Change: A Journal of Peace Research, July 2012 Finally, proponents and ... California BDS initiatives. B. Israeli companies suppress Palestinians for profit so every dollar BDS gains translates into increased welfare in Palestine Press 16 Eyal Press, author of “Beautiful Souls: The Courage and Conscience of Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times, “When ‘Made in Israel’ Is a Human Rights Abuse,” New York Times, January 26, 2016, From a biblical ... future trade negotiations.
2/19/17
Cap AC
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Quarry Lane LL | Judge: Lebeda, Robert
Nuclear power is inextricably tied to capitalism. UCC Union Of Concerned Commies, Nuclear Power Is No Accident (Primary Source – Flyer), April 1979 Nuclear power is ... society is necessary. 2. Analytic 3. New and more efficient energy sources reinforce the capitalist structure Rohricht 14 Alyssa Rohricht, Ethics, Peace and Global Affairs and Philosophy, Counter-Punch, “Capitalism and Climate Change”, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/06/27/capitalism-climate-change/ Pursuing ‘sustainable’ energy ... poses similar problems. Capitalism precludes ethics by reducing agents to objects. Morgaridge 98 Morgaridge, Clayton, Prof of Philosophy at Lewis and Clark College, 1998, Why Capitalism is Evil 08/22 http://www.lclark.edu/~clayton/commentaries/evil.html Now none of ... at the table. This ideology makes abstract conclusions about freedom meaningless Marcuse 64 Herbert Marcuse (Marxist dude, critical theorist). “One-Dimensional Man - Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society.” First Edition. 1964. http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/marcuse/works/one-dimensional-man/one-dimensional-man.pdf Under the rule ... of the controls. Prefer systemic impacts over linear ones- key to real-world policy analysis, accurate evidence and the reputation of debate. Cohn 13 Nate Cohn (Georgetown). Improving the Norms and Practices of Policy Debate. «November 24, 2013, 02:10:58 PM» http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php/topic,5416.msg12020.html#msg12020 The fact that ... noise of prediction. 2. Cap breaks down barriers to nuclear war and environmental disruption. Bellamy 05 (John Bellamy, Oregon University Department of Sociology Professor. Monthly Review, “Naked Imperialism” September 2005.http://www.monthlyreview.org/0905jbf.htm 7/8/09) From the longer ... secretary or since. 3. Cap enables all forms of oppression by drawing arbitrary distinctions. Kovel 07 Joel Kovel, Former Professor Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the Graduate Faculty in the New School for Social Research, Green Party Presidential Nominee, 2007 (The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World, Zed Books, Accessed 07-25-2008, pp. 151-153MUDI-Darxlice) Capital produces egoic ... or collateral damage. Exclusion based on perceived differences makes ethical theories illegitimate. Winter and Leighton 99 |Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter|Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice “Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century.” Pg 4-5 Finally, to recognize ... apprecia- tion of diversity. The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best policy option to deconstruct capitalism. Challenging capitalism in educational spaces is a key form of pedagogy McLaren 04 McLaren, Distinguished Fellow – Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, and Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, ‘4. (Peter and Valerie, “Class Dismissed? Historical The inequalities of ... just abstract categories. Criticism is key—we must reject cap now Kovel 2 (Joel, Professor of Social Studies at Bard, The Enemy of Nature, pg 77-79) Relentless criticism can ... responsibility for intellectuals. Policy solutions to capitalism are key to persuasion and real-world advocacy, Brackets in original. Kilman 06 Professor of Economics, Pace University NY, (Andrew, “Not By Politics Alone” Presentation for panel on “Thinking Through a Post-Capitalist Future” at Left Forum conference, Edited April 2, http://akliman.squarespace.com/writings/not20by20politics20alone204.2.06.doc. I believe that ... assume structural reforms. The negative must either defend the status quo or the same actor as the AC. Strait and Wallace write Paul Strait GMU and Brett Wallace GWU. “The Scope of Negative Fiat and the Logic of Decision Making.” WFU Debater’s Research Guide. 2007 An examination of ... alternative agent fiat.
10/10/16
Cap AC v2
Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: San Marino ED | Judge: Hwang, Anne-Marie Nuclear power is inextricably tied to capitalism. UCC Union Of Concerned Commies, Nuclear Power Is No Accident (Primary Source – Flyer), April 1979 Nuclear power is ... society is necessary. Origins prove nuclear power is intrinsically capitalist, regardless of superficial changes to the style or means of production The nuclear industry is universally corrupt Tanter Richard Tanter, "After Fukushima: A Survey of Corruption in the Global Nuclear Power Industry", Asian Perspective 37 (2013), 475–500 During the eighteen ... and Russian cases. 2. Nuclear power is too centralized Wasserman Harvey Wasserman, “NY Times Pushes Nukes While Claiming Renewables Fail to Fight Climate Change,” Counterpunch, July 29, 2016 The idea that ... that obvious reality. Nuclear power operates within a state of exception that privileges industry “experts” and legitimizes oppression Kaur 11 Raminder, A ‘nuclear renaissance’, climate change andthe state of exception, THE AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 22, Issue 2 Big sci-ence’—that ... climate change envi-ronmentalists. Capitalism draws arbitrary distinctions. Kovel 07 Joel Kovel, Former Professor Adjunct Professor of Anthropology at the Graduate Faculty in the New School for Social Research, Green Party Presidential Nominee, 2007 (The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World, Zed Books, Accessed 07-25-2008, pp. 151-153MUDI-Darxlice) If, however, we ... by arbitrary exclusion. Cap will cause civilizational collapse. Ahmed 14 Nafeez Ahmed (executive director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development). “Nasa-funded study: industrial civilisation headed for 'irreversible collapse'?” The Guardian. Published 3/14, Updated 3/16/14 A new study ... difficult to avoid." Capitalism makes war inevitable. Meszaros 95 Meszaros, 95 (Istivan, professor emeritus at the University of Sussex, Beyond Capital, pg. 886) The crisis we ... relation of forces. The distinction between framework and role of the ballot is necessarily arbitrary—if I win the existence of an obligation to reject capitalism, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best policy option to reject capitalism. However, independent of the framework, the judge’s primary obligation is to reject unequal power structures – this is the only way to make educational spaces truly fair Trifonas 03 PETER PERICLES TRIFONAS. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE/ RoutledgeFalmer. New York, London. 2003 Thus, paying attention ... teachers and students. We must ground advocacy in concrete realities McLaren 04 Peter McLaren, Distinguished Fellow – Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, and Valerie Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, ‘4. “Class Dismissed? Historical The inequalities of ... just abstract categories. Policy solutions to capitalism are key to persuasion and real-world advocacy. Kilman 06 Professor of Economics, Pace University NY, (Andrew, “Not By Politics Alone” Presentation for panel on “Thinking Through a Post-Capitalist Future” at Left Forum conference, Edited April 2, http://akliman.squarespace.com/writings/not20by20politics20alone204.2.06.doc. I believe that ... assume structural reforms. The negative must either defend the status quo or the same actor as the AC. Strait and Wallace write Paul Strait GMU and Brett Wallace GWU. “The Scope of Negative Fiat and the Logic of Decision Making.” WFU Debater’s Research Guide. 2007 An examination of ... alternative agent fiat. Intermediate reforms are not only necessary but preferable. Wright 7 Erik Olin Wright, Professor of Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of California-Berkeley, 2007 (“Guidelines for Envisioning Real Utopias,” Paper forthcoming in Soundings, April, Available Online at http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~wright/Guidelines.pdf, Accessed 10-02-2013, p. 9) The final guideline ... in the future. Critique divorced from policy action is useless in the debate space Giroux 12 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 2012 (“Why Don't Americans Care About Democracy at Home?,” truthout, October 2nd, Available Online at http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/11872-henry-a-giroux-why-dont-americans-care-about-democracy-at-home, Accessed 11-16-2012) As the crucial ... critical and transformative.
10/10/16
Credo AC
Tournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Mountain View DZ | Judge: Tambe, Lallas, Fried A transcendent being must have caused the universe. Craig William Lane Craig, Debate between WLC and Christopher Hitchens at Biola U, 2009, http://hitchensdebates.blogspot.com/2010/07/hitchens-vs-craig-biola-university.html Number one, the ... of the universe. Analytic-- Ontological Proof Mathematically proven. Knight 13 David Knight, Computer Scientists ‘Prove’ God Exists, 2013, Spiegel Online, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/bild-928668-541456.html When Gödel died ... of God's Existence." The Resurrection occurred—three separate warrants. A) Historical evidence supports the resurrection Craig 2 Craig, William Lane. “Is There Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus.” Worcester, Mass: College of the Holy Cross; 28 March, 2006. http://www.philvaz.com/apologetics/p96.htm#Moderator. Debate Between William Craig and ... the risen Christ." 4 B) The Resurrection is the only logical explanation for the empty tomb Lynn et al John Lynn et al, "Beyond A Reasonable Doubt: 23 Arguments for the Historical Validity of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ," Spirit and Truth Fellowship International No reputable New ... did not believe. C) The disciples were devout Jews before Jesus—they wouldn’t fabricate evidence of his divinity, because they would see that as a sin Lynn 2 John Lynn et al, "Beyond A Reasonable Doubt: 23 Arguments for the Historical Validity of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ," Spirit and Truth Fellowship International The disciples were ... an emphatic no. The Miracle of Lanciano proves Christianity true Zenit News 05 Zenit News, "Physician Tells of Eucharistic Miracle of Lanciano," Zenit News, May 5, 2005 The phenomenon dates ... published in Italy. Third, the Bible is uniquely true—three warrants. Zukeran 14 Patrick Zukeran, Patrick Zukeran served on the staff of Probe Ministries for 22 years, having received graduate degrees from Dallas Theological Seminary (Th.M) and Southern Evangelical Seminary (D.Min). He presently serves on the faculty of the Bible Institute of Hawaii (www.biblehawaii.org) and is the Director of the Pacific Apologetics Center (www.pacificapologetics.org) based in Hawaii. He serves on the faculty of several Christian colleges around the world. He has a national and international speaking and teaching ministry, and also hosts a national and international radio show “Evidence and Answers” (www.evidenceandanswers.org). Pat has authored several books including The Apologetics of Jesus, co-authored with Norman Geisler, Unless I See, and served as editor of God, Eternity, and Spirituality., "How I Know Christianity Is True – A Defense of the Gospel," Probe Ministries, 8/30, https://www.probe.org/how-i-know-christianity-is-true/ Among all the ... such a legacy. Our existence is contingent on God, so reciprocity creates an obligation Mortimer Robert C. Mortimer, Former Anglican Bishop of Exeter. Excerpt from his book Christian Ethics, 1950. http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/readings/mortimer.html The Christian religion ... will of God. 4 analytics Thus the standard is consistency with Christian morality. Pascal’s wager means risk of God outweighs neg offense Kreeft Kreeft, Peter (Professor of philosophy at Boston College). Handbook of Christian Apologetics. 1994 But the only ... infinite injustice to. Desecularization. Matthew 16:15 http://www.usccb.org/matthew/16 And he said to them, “Go into all the world and proclaim the gospel to the whole creation.” The power of the ballot means the judge must desecularize debate as an educational space Ardura 99 Paul Poupard and Bernard Ardura, "Towards a Pastoral Approach to Culture," PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR CULTURE, 23 May 1999, http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/cultr/documents/rc_pc_pc-cultr_doc_03061999_pastoral_en.html#top But when families ... but partially deculturated. Contention The production of nuclear power violates Christian morality- three warrants. First, Pope Francis has condemned nuclear power on a Scriptural basis. Onsman 15 Ricky Onsman, "Pope Francis Calls Nuclear Power Plants a Modern-Day Tower of Babel," Helen Caldicott, MD, June 26, 2015 In an audience ... a debate round. Second, affected bishops have also called for nuclear power's abolition. Catholic Bishops Conference of Japan 15 Roman Catholic Bishops Conference of Japan, “Abolish Nuclear Plants Immediately- Facing The Tragedy Of The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant Disaster", 2015 With regard to ... an ethical issue. Third, Catholic teaching condemns current levels of non-renewable energy production. Francis writes Pope Francis (Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the State of Vatican City, Servant of the Servants of God), Laudato Si, May 24, 2015 These problems are ... non-renewable resources, The negative must either defend the status quo or the same actor as the AC. Strait and Wallace write Paul Strait GMU and Brett Wallace GWU. “The Scope of Negative Fiat and the Logic of Decision Making.” WFU Debater’s Research Guide. 2007 An examination of ... alternative agent fiat.
10/10/16
Deliberative AC
Tournament: Jack Howe | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake CC | Judge: Because I believe that nuclear power is a tool of silence, not of discussion, I affirm the resolution “Resolved, countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power.” Only through deliberation can we arrive at a conception of morality. Freeman writes Samuel Freeman, Deliberative Democracy: A Sympathetic Comment Deliberative democracy assumes ... a “search for truth.” Empirics confirm the comparative benefit of deliberative democracy Habermas writes Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research by Jurgen Habermas, Philosophy Department, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe Universitat Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany Whether deliberation does ... of fair argumentation. The value criterion is maintaining structures for democratic deliberation. Prefer:
Analytic 2. Deliberation is self-correcting—solves back disads to the aff. Christiano clarifies Christiano, Thomas (University of Arizona). Democracy, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 7/27, 2006 Epistemologically, democracy is ... advance those interests.” 3. Analytic Let me start with this. What do government nuclear power programs and foggy windows have in common? They’re a lot less transparent than they should be. Kyne and Bolin write Dean Kyne Department of Sociology and Anthropology, the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley and Bob Bolin School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University “Emerging Environmental Justice Issues in Nuclear Power and Radioactive Contamination” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 700 Public participation: While ... be adequately addressed. There’s widespread corruption in the nuclear industry. Tanter writes Richard Tanter, "After Fukushima: A Survey of Corruption in the Global Nuclear Power Industry", Asian Perspective 37 (2013), 475–500 During the eighteen ... Bulgarian and Russian cases. Secrecy and corruption take out deliberative processes because they prevent effective participation. Hamilton writes Lee H. Hamilton former member of the United States House of Representatives and currently a member of the U.S. Homeland Security Advisory Council “COLUMN: Government secrecy is killing our democracy behind closed doors” Mar 30, 2016 Openness is not ... the best disinfectant.” Nuclear energy is a continuation of environmental racism—it has marginalized indigenous populations since day one and extends colonialism into the 21st century. Falk et al (Professor Richard Falk, Princeton University, Dr. Frank Settle, Washington and Lee University,Dr. Michael Wallace, University of British Columbia, Dr. Tom Whaley, Washington and Lee University, Dr. Lawrence S. Wittner, State University of New York, Albany, http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/about-us/about-nuclear-files.htm, an Philips, MD, Project Ploughshares, W. Alton Jones Foundation, The John Merck Fund, Ploughshares Fund, The Simons Foundation, “Nuclear Colonialism”, Web. L.A.) Distinguished members of ... of nuclear colonialism. Analytic Governments ignore native populations, and when they claim to have prior consent it’s usually obtained coercively and portrayed dishonestly. Green explains this phenomenon Jim Green; “Radioactive waste and the nuclear war on Australia's Aboriginal people”; The Ecologist; July 2016 Aboriginal groups were ... waste dump proposals. Excluding people from society justifies dehumanization and rights violations- solving this is a prerequisite to having any moral system. Opotow writes Susan Opotow, "From Moral Exclusion to Moral Inclusion: Theory for Teaching Peace," Theory Into Practice, http://www.nmcadv.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/From-Moral-Exclusion-to-Moral-Inclusion.pdf Our scope of ... areas, are included. Public trust in the nuclear industry is at rock bottom—this takes out negative claims of safety and sustainability. Ramana writes .V. Ramana (2011) Nuclear power and the public, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 67:4, 43-51, DOI: 10.1177/0096340211413358 A number of ... statements about safety. Nuclear power upholds status quo differences, dividing the public while making corporate sponsors richer. UCC writes Union Of Concerned Commies, Nuclear Power Is No Accident (Primary Source – Flyer), April 1979 Nuclear power is ... wasn't collapsing already). Prefer systemic impacts over linear link chains Cohn 13 Nate Cohn (Georgetown). Improving the Norms and Practices of Policy Debate. «November 24, 2013, 02:10:58 PM» http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php/topic,5416.msg12020.html#msg12020 The fact that ... noise of prediction.
10/10/16
Libertarianism AC
Tournament: Wolfpack | Round: 1 | Opponent: CLE WJ | Judge: Thomson, Miranda All ethical theories must derive from practical reason. Velleman David “Self To Self” Cambridge University Press. 2006. Pg 18-19 As we have ... act for reasons. The structure of the human mind necessitates practical reason. Korsgaard Christine M. Korsgaard (Professor of Philosophy at Harvard) “The Sources of Normativity” The Tanner Lectures on Human Values pp. 79-80 November 16th and 17th 1992 But the human ... to an end? So what brings reflection to an end? Practical reason requires that maxims be universalizable. Velleman 2 David “Self To Self” Cambridge University Press. 2006. Pg 18-19 Rational creatures have ... judgment of all. Universalizability means we must limit coercion Engstrom Stephen Engstrom (Professor of Ethics at UPitt). “Universal Legislation As the Form of Practical Knowledge.” http://www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsem/engstrom_vortrag.pdf Given the preceding ... and others’ freedom. Thus the standard is respecting a system of equal freedom. Prefer:
Freedom is a precondition for moral culpability Furrow writes Dwight Furrow, “Moral Agency.” Ethics. 2005. pp. 20-21 This is because ... constraints on ourselves. 2. Mutual recognition of agency is a prior question to willing anything. Wood writes, Allen, "Fichte's Philosophy of Right and Ethics," forthcoming in Günter Zöller (ed). The Cambridge Companion to Fichte. New York: Cambridge University Press. To understand another ... treat them accordingly. 3. Freedom is the constitutive feature of agency Freedom is what differentiates people from objects—that means infringing on freedom is large-scale objectification and justifies violence. Christman and Anderson John Philip Christman and Joel Anderson, "Autonomy and the Challenges of Liberalism," Cambridge University Press, http://philpapers.org/rec/CHRAAT, 2005 Since liberalism is ... of political authority. Words don't constitute a violation of freedom Varden writes Helga Varden, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech,” The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice, April 2009 Internal freedom requires ... view of right. Targeted hate speech is not constitutionally protected Ruane Kathleen Ann Ruane (Legislative Attorney), “Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment,” Congressional Research Service, September 8, 2014 So-called “fighting ... business or occupation.” Censoring speech gives it the power to harm Butler writes: “Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997 Language remains alive ... a living thing.” Bans don’t stop bigotry but increase violence, empirically proven Malik 12 Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, “why hate speech should not be banned”, April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/ And in practice ... speech and action. Resisting harmful speech requires using it in satire or reclaiming, which censorship would prevent Butler 97: “Excitable Speech: A Politics of Performativity” by Judith Butler 1997 “Neither view can ... precisely a context.” (Pg. 13-14)
2/4/17
Militarism AC
Tournament: Alta | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cypress Bay SD | Judge: Chang, Li-Ren The role of the judge is to endorse the best tangible policy that fights oppression. Curry 14, Tommy, The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century, Victory Briefs, 2014, Despite the pronouncement ... contemporary moral parameters.
The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater whose advocacy best breaks down militarism. Militarism smothers education and ethical thought Giroux 05, Henry, Held positions at Boston University, Miami University, and Penn State, The Curse of Totalitarianism and The Challenge of Critical Pedagogy, 2005, http://philosophersforchange.org/2015/10/13/the-curse-of-totalitarianism-and-the-challenge-of-critical-pedagogy The forces of ... human dwelling place”?7 Militarism epistemologically corrupts political thought Pieterse 07, Jan, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 14, No. 3, Aug, Political and Economic Brinkmanship, ,” p. 473-4 Brinkmanship and producing ... for postwar planning Militarism will lead us into a death spiral. It’s try or die CACC 11, Admin, Rejecting Militarism, 2011, Canadians for Emergency action on Climate Change, http://climatesoscanada.org/blog/2011/02/15/rejecting-militarism/, Militarism, through wars ... and climate change. The “reasonable” standard creates large-scale unaccountable state violence. Chemerinky 14, Erwin, Dean of the School of Law at the University of California, Irvine; he is a prominent scholar in US constitutional law and federal civil procedure, How the Supreme Court Protects Bad Cops, 2014, http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/opinion/how-the-supreme-court-protects-bad-cops.html?_r=0 Because it is ... Court changes course? The reasonableness standard of Qualified Immunity is nearly impossible to overcome in the status quo because it doubles up with the Fourth Amendment reasonableness standard. Hassel 09, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf Meanwhile, the Court ... into one inquiry. The lack of accountability spills over to create a politics of disposability. Giroux 16, Henry, The Racist Killing Machine in the Age of Anti-Politics, 2016, http://www.counterpunch.org/2016/07/08/the-racist-killing-machine-in-the-age-of-anti-politics/ The killing machine ... entertainment, and policy. Resolved: The United States Supreme Court ought to reverse the Harlow V. Fitzgerald ruling, establishing an objective reasonableness standard for qualified immunity for police officers that only applies when there has been a change in the law, not merely a new application of an established doctrine. All decisions in conflict with this ruling are declared null and void. The plan stops the absolute defense of qualified immunity. Hassel 2, Diana, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009, https://mckinneylaw.iu.edu/ilr/pdf/vol43p117.pdf The Court’s development ... the victim possible. Even if insurers absorb the cost, insurance companies will hold the police accountable themselves. Rappaport 16, John, Assistant professor at the University of Chicago Law School, Cops can ignore Black Lives Matter protesters. They can’t ignore their insurers, 2016, . https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/cops-can-ignore-black-lives-matter-protesters-they- cant-ignore-their-insurers/2016/05/04/c823334a-01cb-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html The arrangement creates ... leverage over them.
12/9/16
Militarism AC
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Brentwood RY | Judge: Riano, Connor In today’s culture of violence, “patriotic correctness” runs rampant as militarism makes people disposable and creates everyday violence from police shootings to drone strikes—the antagonism that stems from division is symptomatic of a mindset that glorifies war. Giroux 16 Henry Giroux, Gun Culture and the American Nightmare of Violence, 2016, http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/34349-gun-culture-and-the-american-nightmare-of-violence Gun violence in ... an honored place. AND higher education is the focal point— the role of the ballot is to vote for the advocacy that best takes back the university from militarism. Giroux 13 Henry Giroux, Public Intellectuals Against the Neoliberal University, 2013, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university Increasingly, as universities ... world around them. Ideal theory ignores particularities, making ethics inaccessible and epistemically skewed Mills 05 Charles Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2006 The crucial common ... male-dominated philosophical literature. I contend that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech that criticizes military action or policy. Wilson 10 John K. Wilson, Ph.D candidate with dissertation on the history of academic freedom in America and author of three books, early excerpt from Patriotic Correctness: Academic Freedom and Its Enemies which was later published in 2010 In the wake ... what you say.”31 Patriotic correctness silences criticism of the military—multiple empirical examples and surveys prove Wilson 2 John K. Wilson, Ph.D candidate with dissertation on the history of academic freedom in America and author of three books, early excerpt from Patriotic Correctness: Academic Freedom and Its Enemies which was later published in 2010 But the danger ... supreme after 9/11. Censorship prevents higher education from using its unique position to create a cultural shift away from militarism by teaching students to resist Giroux 07 Henry Giroux, interviewed by Scott Jaschik, 'The University in Chains', (Interview), 2007 How do you ... a viable democracy. Right-wing militarism is contingent on controlled and censored academia Chatterjee and Maira 14 Piya Chatterjee, Backstrand Chair and Professor of Feminist, Gender and Sexuality Studies at Scripps College, Sunaina Maira, Professor of Asian American Studies at UC Davis, “The Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent,” University of Minnesota Press, 2014 State warfare and ... create new theologies. Even if the militarism framing is wrong, critical thought creates responsible citizens willing to adopt alternative modes of thought Evans and Giroux 16 Brad Evans and Henry Giroux, The Violence of Forgetting, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/the-violence-of-forgetting.html Considering Hannah Arendt’s ... and worldly one.
1/14/17
Pearson AC
Tournament: Damus | Round: Quarters | Opponent: San Marino KW | Judge: Miyamoto, Hunt, Ivens-Duran I value government obligations. Internalism fails. Katsafanas Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC. Boston University: 2011 Internalism provides a ... us as implausible. AND surprise! Externalism fails too. Katsafanas 2 Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC. Boston University: 2011 While externalism captures ... direction of internalism. Constitutivism solves Katsafanas 3 Katsafanas, Paul. “Deriving Ethics from Action: A Nietzchean Version of Constitutivism.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, LLC. Boston University: 2011 Enter a third ... from non-optional aims. Existence of an institution presupposes rules Searle 64 Searle, John (Professor of Philosophy at UC Berkeley). “How to Derive an ‘Ought’ From an ‘Is’.” The Philosophical Review Vol. 73, No. 1, January 1964 Though both kinds ... on the rules. Normative obligations are indexed to constitutive rules Nardin Terry Nardin 2. 1992 3. ”. Review of International Studies 4. International Ethics and International Law 5. 1/30/2016 6. 7. Professor of Political Science at the University of Singapore The first thing ... be set aside. The Constitution is the constitutive rule of the government Constitution 1787 William Jackson (Secretary), signed by John Dickinson, Gouverneur Morris, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Thomas Paine, Edmund Randolph, James Madison, Roger Sherman, James Wilson, and George Wythe (Founding Fathers). Constitution. 1787 This Constitution, and ... ratifying the Same. The meaning of law is contained in its subsequent interpretation, so constitutional deliberation is a procedural constraint on government action. Carroll “Nullification as Law” JENNY E. CARROLL* Associate Professor of Law, Seton Hall University School of Law. 2014, Jenny E. Carroll. The legal process ... sources of interpretation. Thus the standard is maintaining procedural frameworks for constitutional deliberation. I assert that the Supreme Court of the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by forcing lower courts to give reason for exercising constitutional discretion, effectively overturning the precedent set in Pearson v. Callahan. Walker 15 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 Whereas the core ... not doing so.” Pearson v. Callahan established lower court discretion, which creates stagnation and confusion Walker 2 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 Stagnation is empirically proven Walker 3 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 On the other ... in Part I. Qualified immunity shifts the debate away from constitutional law Hassel 99 Diana Hassel - Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyNewark. “Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity.” Missouri Law Review. Winter 1999 Qualified immunity has ... to change it. Judicial review checks back oppression Somin 16 Ilya Somin, The Supreme Court Is a Check on Big Government, Protection for Minorities, New York Times, 2016 The Supreme Court gets ... of such outrages.
12/3/16
Pearson AC v2
Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Marino ED | Judge: Amestoy, Monica Pearson caused stagnation Walker 15 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 On the other ... in Part I. I contend that the Supreme Court of the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by forcing lower courts to give reason for exercising constitutional discretion, effectively overturning the precedent set in Pearson v. Callahan. Walker 2 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 Whereas the core ... not doing so.” Better rulings Walker 3 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 The reasons for ... be somewhat mitigated. It's a catch 22 Walker 4 Christopher J. Walker, Assistant Professor of Law, Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University, Aaron L. Nielson, Associate Professor of Law, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, “The New Qualified Immunity,” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 89, pp. 1-65, Oct. 19, 2015 Qualified immunity, however, ... dubbed “constitutional stagnation.” Qualified immunity shifts the debate away from constitutional law Hassel 99 Diana Hassel - Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyNewark. “Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity.” Missouri Law Review. Winter 1999 Qualified immunity has ... to change it.'27 This checks back oppression Somin 16 Ilya Somin, The Supreme Court Is a Check on Big Government, Protection for Minorities, 2016 The Supreme Court ... of such outrages. Debate should surround material consequences-- ideal theories ignore the nature of the world and legitimize the oppression therein Curry 14 Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”, Victory Briefs, 2014 Mills, however, describes ... tendencies and politics. Thus, the role of the ballot is to endorse the best methodology to resist structural violence through a post-fiat policy option. Trifonas 03 PETER PERICLES TRIFONAS. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE/ RoutledgeFalmer. New York, London. 2003. Questia Thus, paying attention ... teachers and students. Particularity is best Pappas 16 Pappas, Gregory Fernando. Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice.” The Pluralist, Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016. HSLA The pragmatists’ approach ... not otherwise appreciate. Critique divorced from policy action is useless Giroux 12 Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair Professorship in the Department of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 2012 (“Why Don't Americans Care About Democracy at Home?,” truthout, October 2nd, Accessed 11-16-2012) As the crucial ... critical and transformative. Using the state in our discussion of material issues is a good heuristic Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013 By questioning substantialist ... and pessimistic activism.
12/9/16
Rawls AC Lay Version
Tournament: Alta | Round: 3 | Opponent: Salem Hills ML | Judge: Harris, Michael Dispositionality is the only way to make unbiased ethical decisions-- everything else is corrupted by standpoint Freeman writes Freeman, Samuel. "Original Position." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/#ArgForDifPri The remedy for ... for moral persons This means risk aversion-- nobody wants to gamble their livelihoods away Freeman 2 Freeman writes Freeman, Samuel. "Original Position." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/#ArgForDifPri It is often ... principle of utility. Thus the standard is accordance with dispositional moral judgments-- taking the action people would if they didn't know who they were advocating for. I defend the resolution and I can specify in CX. Qualified immunity destroys accountability for police officers-limitations are key. Bernick 15 Evan Bernick, https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/ The sad fact ... can take place. Link to impacts is massive Wong 15 Kathleen Wong, 2015, 10 Police Brutality Statistics that are Absolutely Shocking, https://mic.com/articles/129981/10-police-brutality-statistics-that-are-absolutely-shocking#.779kZJJJC The Guardian's The ... with a crime. This permits unequal racism Hadden et al 16 (Bernadette R. Hadden, MSW, PHD, is Assistant professor in the MSW program at Hunter College School of Social Work New York. Willie Tolliver, PhD. Associate Professor at Silberman School of Social Work. Fabienne Snowden PHD. Professor at Hunter College School of Social Work. and Robyn Brown Manning, PHD. Professor at Hunter College School of Social "An authentic discourse: Recentering race and racism as factors that contribute to police violence against unarmed Black or African American men, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment" http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10911359.2015.1129252#abstract) Police shootings of ... of this phenomenon Qualified immunity also prohibits contestation, but people would prioritize their ability to appeal if they didn't know whether the justice system would be skewed against them. Senkel 99 Tara. Attorney in New York. Civilians Often Need Protection From the Police: Let's Handcuff Police Brutality 15 N.Y.L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. 385 (1998-1999) While victims of ... afforded this defense. This spills over to large-scale reforms Bernick 15 Evan Bernick, https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/ As ambitious as ... legislators to respond. Limiting qualified immunity permits recourse, which is a prerequisite to other reforms. Wright 15 (Journalist and PHD in Law. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/) In order to ... make it happen. The aff is Goldilocks-- it balances competing interests U.S.D.J 03 ("Principles of Good Policing: Avoiding Violence Between Police and Citizens" Community Relations Service https://www.justice.gov/archive/crs/pubs/principlesofgoodpolicingfinal092003.pdf) The best way ... poor and oppressed
12/9/16
Structural Violence AC
Tournament: Damus | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JC | Judge: Miyamoto, Dan Qualified immunity permits police officers to violate constitutional rights with impunity. This creates large-scale, unaccountable structural violence. Chemerinky 14 Erwin, Dean of the School of Law at the University of California, Irvine; he is a prominent scholar in US constitutional law and federal civil procedure, How the Supreme Court Protects Bad Cops, 2014 Because it is ... Court changes course? This spills over to create a politics of disposability Giroux 16 Henry Giroux, “The Racist Killing Machine in the Age of Anti-Politics,” Counterpunch, 2016 The killing machine ... entertainment, and policy. This coopts enthusiasm and funding for real reform Mirra 08 Mirra, Carl. "Countering Militarism through Peace Education." Encyclopedia of Peace Education (2008): n. pag. Web. 16 July 2016 Of special importance ... propel militaristic attitudes. Additional force is inadequate ACLU 14 (American Civil Liberties Union. "War Comes Home The Excessive Militarization of American Policing." https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/assets/jus14-warcomeshome-report-web-rel1.pdf) American policing has ... undermine civil liberties. The root cause of unaccountability is the double reasonableness standard. Hassel 09 Diana Hassel, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009 Qualified immunity has ... into one inquiry. I assert that the United States Supreme Court ought to reverse the Harlow v. Fitzgerald ruling in part, establishing an objective reasonableness standard for qualified immunity for police officers in Fourth Amendment cases that only applies when there has been a change in the law, not merely a new application of an established doctrine. Hassel 09 Diana Hassel, EXCESSIVE REASONABLENESS, Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law, 2009 The Court’s development ... the victim possible. Qualified immunity shifts the debate away from a discussion of civil rights. Hassel 99 Diana Hassel - Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New JerseyNewark. “Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity.” Missouri Law Review. Winter 1999 Qualified immunity has ... and real circumstances. The aff is crucial to repair community relationships De Stefan De Stefan, Lindsey, (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law) “No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship By beginning to ... is so crucial. AND police accountability is key to fair and effective law enforcement- turns disads OJP 16 Office of Justice Programs (Agency of the Department of Justice). “Race, Trust and Police Legitimacy.” National Institute of Justice. 14 July 2016. Research consistently shows ... controlling crime effectively. Second, the aff is key to taking back the judicial system. Reinhardt 15 Stephen R. Reinhardt, (Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.) The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and Some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences, 113 Mich. L. Rev. 1219 (2015) On today’s Court, ... persons are entitled. Liability means accountability, no matter who pays Rappaport 16 John Rappaport, Assistant professor at the University of Chicago Law School, Cops can ignore Black Lives Matter protesters. They can’t ignore their insurers, 2016 The arrangement creates ... leverage over them. Debate should surround material consequences-- ideal theories ignore tangible oppression and the nuance of the real world Curry 14 Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”, Victory Briefs, 2014 Mills, however, describes ... tendencies and politics. Thus the standard is mitigating structural violence. Exclusion based on perceived differences makes ethical theories illegitimate. Winter and Leighton 99 |Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter|Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the ... building lasting peace. Universal ethical obligations fail to account for status quo ante inequalities—acknowledging these is a prerequisite to any form of morality Llorente 03 Renzo Llorente. “Maurice Cornforth’s Contribution to Marxist Metaethics.” NATURE, SOCIETY, AND THOUGHT Vol. 16, No. 3 (2003) The problem, argues ... their interests prevail. Education must prioritize equity—this requires minimizing structural antagonism to facilitate open discourse Trifonas 03 PETER PERICLES TRIFONAS. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE/ RoutledgeFalmer. New York, London. 2003. Questia Thus, paying attention ... teachers and students. Embracing the state as a heuristic is key to truly understanding power. Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance.“Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World” – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated “Version of Record” is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013 By questioning substantialist ... and pessimistic activism.
