Tournament: ALL | Round: 1 | Opponent: ALL | Judge: ALL
Facebook: Kirk Wu
Email: kirk.c.wu@gmail.com
I will probably be more responsive to emails than Facebook messages at tournaments, but you can try to contact me both ways. I can't guarantee that I will see your message before the round though.

Tournament: ALL | Round: 1 | Opponent: ALL | Judge: ALL
Interp—both debaters must disclose at least the following from all AC’s and NC’s read at TOC bid distributing tournaments on the Sept/Oct 2016 nuclear power topic on the NDCA LD wiki: first, complete tag lines to all cards; second, first 3 words and last 3 words of all cards; third, the standard used to delineate what counts as offense and not offense with the claims to the warrants for that standard and fourth, taglines to all evidence read. To clarify, this disclosure must happen within 12 hours of reading the position and only if the tournament provides WIFI access to participants. 

Violation

Standards
A. Equal playing field
B. Clash
C. Checks back abuse
D. Academic Integrity

Voters

Tournament: Damus | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake LoMo | Judge: Mason Munro

The role of the judge is to not only to be an ethical decision maker invested in the wellbeing of disadvantaged students, but to represent their paradigm and endorse the ideas they believe to be educationally acceptable in debate since decisions influence the educational norms that are accepted. The role of the ballot is remaining consistent with the best liberation strategy for the oppressed. Thus, the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that best deconstructs oppressive norms.

Freire
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the oppressed. ~New York~: Herder and Herder, 1970.
For the truly humanist educator and the authentic revolutionary, the object of action is
AND
, and be liberated, with the people—not to win them over

Ableist language is derogatory and excludes disabled bodies from spaces

Kris 14 (Kris is a writer whose last name was not provided for confidentiality purposes. Kris has been professionally diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder and General Anxiety Disorder. Dear Author: "Being crazy: An insider's view on ableist language." Published October 28^th, 2014. Accessed July 25^th, 2015. http://dearauthor.com/features/letters-of-opinion/being-crazy-an-insiders-view-on-ableist-language/) TheFedora
My response to her was it felt like they were directed at me. That
AND
words to me. Be mindful. Words have power. Words hurt.

Discursive links from the 1AC speech act:

Ableist power structures cause social ostrification and outcasts the mentally ill

Whalen 06
"The Stigma Associated with Mental Illness" by David Whalen (B.A.), 2006, Canadian Mental Health Association. http://www.cmhanl.ca/pdf/Stigma.pdf
Ostracism can take the form of myths or stereotypes. Perhaps the most common is
AND
(Canadian Senate Committee on Social Affairs, Science and Technology, 2006).

The alternative is to vote negative to recognize and challenge ableist assumptions in the educational space of debate

Hehir 07 (Thomas Hehir is Professor of Practice and Director of the School Leadership Program, Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Educational Leadership: "Confronting Ableism." Published in February, 2007. Accessed July 20^th, 2015. http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/feb07/vol64/num05/Confronting-Ableism.aspx)TheFedora
The U.S. education system has made major strides in improving education opportunities
AND
creating opportunities for them to learn and fully participate in school and society.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alexandra Mork | Judge: Melissa Weiner

The standard is maximizing expected well being

Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction

Bostrom 12 ~Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012)~
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential
AND
of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.

Independent of considerations of future happiness or life, death is ontologically the worst possible evil since it destroys the subject iself

Paterson, 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com)**
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that
AND
the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82 

Only utilitarianism can serve as the basis to legitimately justify policy to the public. Government actions will inevitably lead to trade-offs between citizens. The only justifiable way to resolve these conflicts is utilitarianism – solves their constituivism args because the US is a democracy and Woller is specific to democracies

Gary Woller ~BYU Prof., "An Overview by Gary Woller", A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10~
Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of economic or political resources,
AND
perhaps at times a necessary, basis for public policy in a democracy.

Tournament: Harvard-Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake LI | Judge: Ellen Iven-Duran

Your conception of rights is just something the biopolitical regime uses to manage its subjects.

Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 126-128) ED
Hannah Arendt entitled the fifth chapter of her book on imperialism, which is dedicated
AND
(to be born)—thus closes the open circle of man's birth. 

The 1ACs conceptions of political discourse are militarized by the police state to create a permanent state of emergency.

McLoughlin 12 ~Daniel McLoughlin is a doctoral candidate in Philosophy at the University of New South Wales, working on the political philosophy of Giorgio Agamben. "Giorgio Agamben on Security, Government and the Crisis of Law", Griffith Law Review, Volume 21, Issue 3, 2012, msm~
One of the decisive effects of total war, according to
AND
life and close down the possibility of the alternatives emerging. 

The state of exception destroys value to life. Extinction doesn't matter if there is no value to the lives lost.

Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 139-140) ED
3.3.It is not our intention here to take a position on
AND
category.  It now dwells in the biological body of every living being. 

The ROB is to challenge sovereign representations. This is key to preventing violence.

Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 93-95) ED

Exposition is the location of politics. If there is no ani¬mal politics, that
AND
media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management.

Vote negative to endorse the state of whatever being in resistance to sovereign power. Whatever being is the only way to solve. Working within the law only furthers sovereign control of life. Solves case because whateverbeing means that nothing can be distinguished which prevents the state from unequally applying the law and stripping us away to bare life.

Caldwell 4 (Anne, Asst Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville, Theory and Event, 7.2shree)
Can we imagine another form of humanity, and another form of power? The
AND
calls up and depends upon the life caught within sovereignty: homo sacer.

Tournament: Harvard-Westlake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lauren Fu | Judge: Bennett Eckert

On campus hate speech and crimes is decreasing in the squo—that means current restrictions are working and the aff is unnecessary at best

Sutton 16 ~Halley Sutton, Report shows crime on campus down across the country, Campus Security Report 13.4 (2016), 9/9/16~
A recent report released by the National Center for Education Statistics found an overall decrease
AND
lower than in 2001 for every category except forcible sex offenses and murder.

Hate speech is constitutionally protected

Volokh 15 ~Eugene Volokh, Law Professor at UCLA, "No, there's no "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment," The Washington Post, May 7, 2015, JW~
I keep hearing about a supposed "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment
AND
with any established definition of "hate speech" that I know of.) 

Hate speech leads to hate crimes against marginalized groups. Greenblatt 15.

Greenblatt, Jonathan. "When Hateful Speech Leads to Hate Crimes: Taking Bigotry Out of the Immigration Debate." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 21 Aug. 2015. Web. 14 Dec. 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-greenblatt/when-hateful-speech-leads_b_8022966.html.//nhs-VA
The words used on the campaign trail, on the floors of Congress, in
AND
, but the messages of hate remain largely the same. It is long

Tournament: Harvard-Westlake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Lauren Fu | Judge: Bennett Eckert

CP Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech except for hate speech.

It competes – the aff doesn't restrict any speech. The CP restricts hate speech.

Solves hate crimes. Hate speech poses a direct threat to the oppressed. Banning it is necessary to promote inclusiveness.

Jared Taylor summarizes Waldron, 12, Why We Should Ban "Hate Speech", American Renaissance, summarizing Jeremy Waldron, The Harm in Hate Speech, Harvard University Press, 2012, 292 pp., 26.95. 8/24/12, http://www.amren.com/features/2012/08/why-we-should-ban-hate-speech/ Note – Taylor does not agree with but is summarizing Waldron's position LADI
First-Amendment guarantees of free speech are a cherished part of the American tradition
AND
in which it is considered fine to beat up and drive out minorities.

Tournament: Harvard-Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake LI | Judge: Ellen Iven-Duran

Interpretation: Any is defined as every

Your Dictionary NO DATE (Your Dictionary, online reference, "any," http://www.yourdictionary.com/any///LADI)
every: any child can do it

Any is an indefinite pronoun that refers to things generally

Language NO DATE (Online English grammar textbook, Unit 42: - Indefinite Pronouns," http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit42_grammar.htm///LADI)
Indefinite pronouns replace specific things with general, non-specific concepts. For example
AND
anything from the supermarket. - Do you need anything from the supermarket?

Field context – legal restrictions use any to refer to all

Black's Law NO DATE (Black's Law Dictionary, online legal dictionary, "Law Dictionary: What is ABANDONMENT OF CHILD?" http://thelawdictionary.org/abandonment-of-child///LADI)
What is ABANDONMENT OF CHILD? Deserting a child and having no intention of fulfilling any obligations to the child. Cutting off all relations and obligations to the child.

Any refers to all legally – prefer our ev it's in the context of free speech

Danilina NO DATE (S., staff writer for black's law dictionary, "Is Flag Burning Illegal?" http://thelawdictionary.org/article/is-flag-burning-illegal///LADI)
Interesting that the burning of the flag has been against the law until 1969.
AND
decision to award the First Amendment protection to the burning of the flag.

Any refers to a broadening – it expands the scope to include everything

Simon 16 (Cecilia, reporter @ the NY Times, "Fighting for Free Speech on America's Campuses," August 1, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/education/edlife/fire-first-amendment-on-campus-free-speech.html//LADI *italics in original) LADI
Title IX prohibits discrimination based on sex in federally funded educational programs. In the
AND
a protection that such conduct had to be offensive to a reasonable person.

Violation

Standards
Limits
Textuality

Voters

Tournament: Harvard-Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Elijah Smith | Judge: Holy Cross TL

Counterplan Text: Resolved: Public Colleges and Universities shall restrict the constitutionally protected speech of Caucasian people.

White conservatives use free speech as a way to combat their fear of multiculturalism. The counterplan is key to fighting back against white priviledge – absence ensures that black women are crowded out from academia.

Stroup 16CNN host: Pro-speech conservatives just afraid of multiculturalism. Victoria Stroup. Missouri Campus Correspondent. September 16^th 2016. http://www.campusreform.org/?ID=8140. DC
At a University of Missouri free speech symposium, CNN commentator Sally Kohn said conservatives
AND
voices, that ensures that all other marginaulized voices can occupy that dominant space

Tournament: Damus | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KR | Judge: Samantha Weiss

Reform to police policy entrenches capitalist repression

Mitrani 14 ~Sam; Associate Professor of History at the College of DuPage, PhD from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 2009; 12-29-2014; "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People"; https://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/~~ JC
If there is one positive lesson from the history of policing's origins, it is
AND
, not help them. They've continued to play that role ever since.

Coercive control is enabled by privatized families under capitalism – only the K is resolve the root cause of the aff

Cotter '2 Jennifer Cotter, "War and Domestic Violence," Red Critique, September/October 2002, http://redcritique.org/SeptOct02/waranddomesticviolence.htm
*"domestic violence" is bracketed and replaced with "coercive control"
What
AND
the conditions that reproduce domestic violence ~coercive control~ and imperialist warfare.

Capitalism causes dehumanization, disposability, inequality, and inevitable crises. The role of the ballot is challenging capitalism in educational spaces

Pope Francis 13 – pope of the Catholic Church
(Pope Francis. "Evangelii Gaudium." http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_exhortations/documents/papa-francesco_esortazione-ap_20131124_evangelii-gaudium.html)
51. It is not the task of the Pope to offer a detailed and
AND
a sustainable and peaceful development have not yet been adequately articulated and realized.

The alternative is a revolutionary politics that reinforces connections between social spheres. That lays the groundwork of radical egalitarianism and liberation of labor

Harvey 11 – Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York
(Harvey, David. "The Enigma of Capital: And the Crises of Capitalism." Oxford University Press 2011)
The central problem to be addressed is clear enough. Compound growth for ever is
AND
the co-revolutionary points around which social action could converge and rotate.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alexandra Mork | Judge: Melissa Weiner

Interpretation: On the November December 2016 NSDA topic, debaters must specify a case to overturn when limiting qualified immunity.

Federal Judicial Center 16
The Supreme Court's constitutive role is to rule on cases.
"History of the Federal Judiciary." History of the Federal Judiciary. Federal Judicial
AND
but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law.' "

Violation

Standards
Topic Lit
Limits

Voters

Tournament: Damus | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Patrick Aimone | Judge: Miyamoto, Hunt, Ivens-Duran

1. The discursive term "civil rights" has a historical and linguistic precedent that only allows for citizens to receive favorable treatment Bracketed for Gendered Language.

Mears and Ortolan ~Mears, T. Lambert, and J.-L.-E Ortolan. Analysis of M. Ortolan's Institutes of Justinian: Including the History and Generalization of Roman Law. London: Stevens and Sons, 1876. Pgs. 75-76 Print.~
32. Civitas. The whole life of the Roman was tinged with the fact
AND
, andMidi, and the class of freedmen assimilated to the last.

2. Citizenship and civil rights are inextricably linked through common usage. This contradicts the sentiment that civil rights should be ubiquitous for all, regardless of citizenship.

Altman, Andrew, "Civil Rights", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2013 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2013/entries/civil-rights/.**
In contemporary political thought, the term 'civil rights' is indissolubly linked to the
AND
emerging literature examining issues of how best to understand discrimination based on disability.

He continues,

To be a free and equal citizen is, in part, to have those legal guarantees that are essential to fully adequate participation in public discussion and decisionmaking. A citizen has a right to an equal voice and an equal vote. In addition, she has the rights needed to protect her "moral independence," that is, her ability to decide for herself what gives meaning and value to her life and to take responsibility for living in conformity with her values (Dworkin, 1995: 25). Accordingly, equal citizenship has two main dimensions: "public autonomy," i.e., the individual's freedom to participate in the formation of public opinion and society's collective decisions; and "private autonomy," i.e., the individual's freedom to decide what way of life is most worth pursuing (Habermas: 1996). The importance of these two dimensions of citizenship stem from what Rawls calls the "two moral powers" of personhood: the capacity for a sense of justice and the capacity for a conception of the good (1995: 164; 2001: 18). A person stands as an equal citizen when society and its political system give equal and due weight to the interest each citizen has in the development and exercise of those capacities.

3. Non-citizens that have attempted to be cooperative members of civil society are marginalized as irregular and less deserving of communal life.

Bhui 13 ~Bhui, Hindpal S. The Borders of Punishment: Migration, Citizenship, and Social Exclusion. Pgs. 10-11 : Oxford UP, 2013. Print.~
For non-citizens, Zedner points out that reintegration is not considered much of
AND
portrayal of criminal justice (Winder 2004). As the following detainees put it

1. The concept of citizenship justifies the revoking of civil rights for non-citizens that resemble a threat to the order and security of the state and the antagonization of their bodies by criminal law- that turns case

Bhui 13 ~Bhui, Hindpal S. The Borders of Punishment: Migration, Citizenship, and Social Exclusion. Pg. 7: Oxford UP, 2013. Print.~
A recurrent theme in this volume is how immigration control takes on the language and
AND
sense of belonging, to which non-citizens can lay lesser claim.

1. The alternative is to adopt "denizenry," or get rid of citizenship- treat all members of a society as equal citizens- that's a better praxis to resolve issues of civil rights

Eyssens 2008 ~Terry, PhD candidate in Philosophy in the School of Behavioural and Social Sciences and Humanities @ U. of Ballarat, "Democracy of the Civil Dead: The Blind Trade in Citizenship" Transformations, Vol. 16, http://www.transformationsjournal.org/journal/issue_16/article_03.shtml~~
The denizenry: (exposure) As the most common and recognisable form of homo
AND
democracies that does not rely on the logic that makes that erosion possible. 

2. The role of judge is to critically deconstruct oppression because to be subordinated to the will of another produces a flawed method of knowledge production

Stephen Gill 1, professor of political science at York University, Questioning Geopolitics, p. 130-131
Too many intellectuals subscribe to or create orthodoxy that simply reinforces dominant power-knowledge
AND
rethink the potentials in society that allow for creativity and greater human possibility..

Tournament: Damus | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ishan Gaur | Judge: John Scoggin

Huge litigation costs disable police departments

King 7/1 ~Andrew; Assistant Prosecuting Attorney. B.A. from The Ohio State University, J.D., summa cum laude from Capital University Law School. Member of the bars of the Supreme Court of Ohio, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, and both the United States District Courts for the Southern District of Ohio and the Northern District of Ohio. Andrew is a past associate editor of the Capital University Law School Law Review and is the author of several published legal articles; 7-1-2016; "Keep Qualified Immunity...For Now"; http://mimesislaw.com/fault-lines/keep-qualified-immunity-for-now/11010~~ JC
Plus, we're told, making lawsuits easier would bring about a policing apocalypse:
AND
figure out a better one before tearing down the old one.
  

Without qualified immunity, people would be strongly deterred from taking on jobs as police officers

Schott 12 Richard J. (Writer for FBI Bulletin, J.D.) "Qualified Immunity How It Protects Law Enforcement Officers". FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. 2012
The Supreme Court found no reason to differentiate between the other defendants in this case
AND
while government employees performing the same tasks would be protected by qualified immunity. 

Studies show officers fear litigation, which creates a chilling effect on enforcement

Hawkins and Montsinger 7 Homer C. Hawkins (Associate Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University) and Catherine Montsinger (Assistant Professor, Criminology, Johnson C. Smith University). "Police and Civil Liability: A Practical Guide to Avoiding Litigation." Law Enforcement Executive Forum•2007•7(1). https://www.iletsbeiforumjournal.com/images/Issues/FreeIssues/ILEEF202007-7.1.pdf
Litigaphobia, also referred to as Police Liability Syndrome, creates a certain paralysis in
AND
become trained to avoid the "chill effect" that litigation may present.

Police are key to mitigating crime

Medved 14 ~Michael Medved; 8-21-2014; "Slow down, police are the good guys: Column"; http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/08/21/police-militarization-ferguson-crime-violence-justice-bureau-column/14307505/~~ JC
If an American institution inspires public confidence through conspicuous, consistent progress over the course
AND
crime rates, and might have even accelerated those improvements in public safety.

Violent crime destroys the quality of life

Berman 16. Mark. (Mark Berman covers national news for The Washington Post and anchors Post Nation, a destination for breaking news and stories from around the country.) "Violent crime and murders both went up in 2015, FBI says" September 26 2016
Homicides in the United States went up by more than 10 percent in 2015 over
AND
us — and so all of us have a responsibility to end it." 

That outweighs—addressing the structural harms of climate change requires no longer thinking of it as a one-time event.

Nixon '11 (Rob, Rachel Carson Professor of English, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor, pgs. 2-3)
Three primary concerns animate this book, chief among them my conviction that we urgently
AND
in situations where the conditions for sustaining life become increasingly but gradually degraded.

Tournament: Damus | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Patrick Aimone | Judge: Miyamoto, Hunt, Ivens-Duran

Being a police officer is a difficult job, and police agencies are already struggling to fill vacancies

Christopher 3/5 Burns Christopher. 3/5/16 (Writer for Bangor Daily News,) "Why Maine police departments have a hard time filling jobs" http://bangordailynews.com/2016/03/05/the-point/why-maine-police-departments-have-a-hard-time-filling-jobs/   
Law enforcement agencies in the midcoast and Washington County have made news recently because they're
AND
known about the recruitment troubles, however, is largely anecdotal.
 

Without qualified immunity, people would be strongly deterred from taking on jobs as police officers

Schott 12 Richard J. (Writer for FBI Bulletin, J.D.) "Qualified Immunity How It Protects Law Enforcement Officers". FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. 2012
The Supreme Court found no reason to differentiate between the other defendants in this case
AND
while government employees performing the same tasks would be protected by qualified immunity.

Tournament: Damus | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ishan Gaur | Judge: John Scoggin

Counterplan text: The United States Department of Justice will require that police departments implement early intervention systems

Campaign Zero no date clarifies the advocacy ~Campaign Zero; Campaign ZERO was developed with contributions from activists, protesters and researchers across the nation. This data-informed platform presents comprehensive solutions to end police violence in America. It integrates community demands and policy recommendations from research organizations and the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing; "Limit Use of Force"; http://www.joincampaignzero.org/force~~ JC
A. Report all uses of force to a database with information on related injuries
AND
these officers from serving as police officers, teachers or other governmental employees.

CP solves the aff – it's empirically successful and the police themselves support it

Walker et al 1 ~"Early Warning Systems: Responding to the Problem Police Officer"; Samuel Walker, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Dennis J. Kenney; July 2001; U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice; https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/188565.pdf~~ JC
Early warning systems appear to have a dramatic effect on reducing citizen complaints and other
AND
abstract, moralistic, or otherwise unrelated to practical aspects of police work.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alexandra Mork | Judge: Melissa Weiner

3. Qualified immunity is a key protection against uses of section 1983 claims to encroach on states rights and laws – immunity returns power to state courts

Putnam 92 – Charles Putnam, Office of the New Hampshire Attorney General: 1992("Defending a Maligned Defense: The Policy Bases of the Qualified Immunity Defense in Actions Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983", Bridgeport Law Review Available at  https://www.qu.edu/prebuilt/pdf/SchoolLaw/LawReviewLibrary/26_12UBridgeportLRev665(1991-1992).pdf Accessed on 11/04/16)IG
To place this analysis in perspective, the authors first review the four policy considerations
AND
of state government without the benefit of express statutory or constitutional mandate."2

The plan overturns a delicate balance of federalism: police and court power are key – especially to public health law and the medical system

Hodge 98 ~James G. Hodge Jr. (Professor of Public Health Law and Ethics at Arizona State University), "The Role of New Federalism and Public Health Law," Journal of Law and Health~ AZ
Because of the intersection of federal and state powers in the field of public health
AND
affairs, concern the lives, liberties, and properties of the people.

Lack of detection and health infrastructure makes disease spread likely – and US infrastructure spills over

Schermerhorn 14 ~(Jordan, Global Health and the Middle East at Duke University) "Bioterrorism is Already Here" Medium Apr 29, 2014~ AT
The fact that our "global health security agenda" focuses on future pandemics and
AND
on it, but polio in Syria does not provide an encouraging model. 

Extinction

Quammen 12 David, award-winning science writer, long-time columnist for Outside magazine for fifteen years, with work in National Geographic, Harper's, Rolling Stone, the New York Times Book Review and other periodicals, 9/29, "Could the next big animal-to-human disease wipe us out?," The Guardian, pg. 29, Lexis
Infectious disease is all around us. It's one of the basic processes that ecologists
AND
possible factor is infectious ~from~ disease, and viruses in particular.

Tournament: Damus | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KR | Judge: Samantha Weiss

A. Counterplan text: Resolved: The United States federal government ought to ban the use of the qualified immunity defense in cases where officers are negligent or fail to reasonably respond in cases of coercive control. I reserve the right to clarify in CX.

That's mutually exclusive

1. The use of the word "violence" assumes that survivors cannot leave because of physical "violence" but conceals the oppressive systemic abuse. The term violence erases the systemic nature of coercion.

Stark, Evan, Professor of Human Services and Chair, Department of Urban Health Administration at Rutgers University~, Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life, Oxford University Press, 2007.
The limits of current interventions can be directly traced to a failure of vision,
AND
and may actually contribute to making abuse routine, a process called normalization.

2. Coercive control recognizes the cumulative abuse that the term "violence" ignores

Stark 2, Evan, Professor of Human Services and Chair, Department of Urban Health Administration at Rutgers University~, Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life, Oxford University Press, 2007.
The easiest way to understand coercive control is to contrast it to the widespread equation
AND
women is less important than what they prevent women from doing for themselves. 

Perm fails, any use of the term "violence" mutes other forms of abuse

Stark, Evan, ~Professor of Human Services and Chair, Department of Urban Health Administration at Rutgers University~, Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life, Oxford University Press, 2007.
Control: Invisible in Plain Sight The victims and perpetrators of coercive control are easily
AND
such little impact is that no one knows what to do about it. 

Discourse shapes reality including the aff so it comes first

Hill ,Cheryl Lynn Wofford "Restating International Jurisprudence in Inclusive Terms: Language as Method in Creating a Hospitable Worldview," 27 Okla. City U.L. Rev. 297, Spring, 2002, LexisNexis
Language is a method that has been used to achieve a more inclusive worldview.
AND
. "Categories are supremely important in controlling the behavior of human beings. 

C/I: The neg may read one dispositional word PIC that is textually competitive w/ at least one net benefit supported by evidence from a scholar in the relevant field of literature, and the negative may only PIC out of a word or abbreviation in the plan text that has literature from a scholar in the relevant field.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Kenzo Okazaki | Judge: Fife, Overing, Phung

Any possibility of progress through the rule of law invests in a myth. The law is not neutral but inherently political; acceptance of the rule of law makes you complicit in the state's oppression.

Hasnas 95:
John Hasnas (associate professor, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University). "The Myth of the Rule of Law." Wisconsin Law Review. 1995. http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/MythWeb.htm
In his novel 1984, George Orwell created a nightmare vision of the future in
AND
free society requires the abandonment of the myth of the rule of law.

Objectivity within the law is impossible; the idea that we can ever reach a sound conclusion based on the law alone is wishful thinking

Hasnas 95:
John Hasnas (associate professor, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University). "The Myth of the Rule of Law." Wisconsin Law Review. 1995. http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/MythWeb.htm
What Professor Kingsfield knows is that the legal world is not like the real world
AND
is the ultimate form of unfairness because debater's do not control the outcome. 

They posit the Supreme Court as objective judicial power, but historical Court reliance on "tradition" is a dogwhistle for ensuring social immobility under the constitution– the aff is a ruse of solvency. Hunter 14:

~{Rob Hunter (PhD in political science from Princeton University).  "Waiting for SCOTUS."  Jacobin Mag.  LEFC June 2014~}
From the liberal perspective, juristocracy is an aberration rather than the norm. In
AND
is reductively rendered in constitutional text, rather than manifested in political practice. 

Ignoring the rule of law's violent underside fuels Western imperialism and the violence that comes with it

Dossa 99
Shiraz, Department of Political Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, "Liberal Legalism: Law, Culture and Identity," The European Legacy, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 73-87,1
Law's imperial reach, it massive authority, in liberal politics is a brute,
AND
in last two centuries in articulating a dismissive image of the native Other.

The alternate is embracing law's indeterminacy. The rule of law only has coercive power when people think it objectively protects them. Objective law is a paradox with subjective application.

Hasnas 95
John Hasnas (associate professor, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University). "The Myth of the Rule of Law." Wisconsin Law Review. 1995. http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/MythWeb.htm
Let us assume that I have failed to convince you of the impossibility of reforming
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politics in which judicial interference with democracy is not only unnecessary but unthinkable.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sunset AB | Judge: Olsen, Phillips, Smith

Text: The United States federal government should hold a binding national referendum to limit qualified immunity for police officers through abolition. The United States federal government should enact the aforementioned legislation if and only if the referendum receives more than 50 of the popular vote.

The net benefit is radical democracy—

Representative structures destroy the power of the multitude to resist biopolitical control—power of decision is key

Hardt and Negri 9 ~Michael-Professor Duke University, PhD, Comparative Literature, University of Washington, 1990 and Antonio-an Italian political philosopher, Commonwealth, Harvard University Press, 2009, pg. 304-306~
The metaphor of a great conversation, however, paints a picture of these productive
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within a democracy of producing subjectivities endowed together with the power of decision.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 6 | Opponent: Salem Hills SC | Judge: Paul Montreuil

Counterplan text: The fifty states of the United States should eliminate qualified immunity for police officers by mandating police liability under interpretations of their respective state constitutions

It's legal and upholds federalism

Gardner 03 - Professor of Law, State University of New York, University at Buffalo Law School (State Constitutional Rights as Resistance to National Power: Toward a Functional Theory of State Constitutions 91 Geo. L.J. 1003 2002-2003 HeinOnline DOA 12/1/16) CW
When we think about tyranny perpetrated by the national government, we tend to think
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to the types of behavior that such national rulings permit governments to suppress.

Tournament: Alta | Round: Octas | Opponent: Sunset AB | Judge: Olsen, Phillips, Smith

Interpretation:  The aff must defend limiting qualified immunity for police officers.

Limit has a variety of definitions, but they all mean "bound" not eliminate.

Court of Appeals of Maryland 02
(SY-LENE OF WASHINGTON, INC. v. STARWOOD URBAN RETAIL II, LLC No. 132, September Term, 2002 COURT OF APPEALS OF MARYLAND 376 Md. 157; 829 A.2d 540; 2003 Md. LEXIS 455 July 29, 2003, Filed)
Definitions of the word "limit" include the following: (1) to
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limit conflicts with the idea that a limit defines an area or range.

B. Violation- the affirmative does not mandate a quantitative or qualitative restriction on qualified immunity, they eliminate it entirely

1. Legal consensus- limit does not mean eliminate.

Court of Special Appeals of Maryland 14
(SIERRA CLUB, ET AL. v. DOMINION COVE POINT LNG, L.P. No. 2429, September Term, 2012 COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS OF MARYLAND 216 Md. App. 322; 86 A.3d 82; 2014 Md. App. LEXIS 18; 44 ELR 20037 February 28, 2014, Filed)
Before the Court of Appeals, the plaintiff argued that the lease was ambiguous and
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determine the intended amount of spaces at the time of contracting. Id.

2. This case law represents broad precedent.

Court of Appeals of Arizona 08
(COURT OF APPEALS OF ARIZONA, DIVISION ONE, DEPARTMENT E 2008 Ariz. App. Unpub. LEXIS 1013 May 1, 2008, Amended by Order Filed )
P34 We find support for our conclusion in Sy-Lene and Schuster. In
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limit of spaces would be acceptable. Id. at 547-48.

Standards
Ground
Jurisdiction
Legal Precision

Voters

Tournament: Damus | Round: Doubles | Opponent: North Hollywood JS | Judge: Ivens-Duran, Miyamoto, Scoggin

Interpretation: On the November December 2016 NSDA LD topic, the affirmative must defend the implementation of a United States government policy that defends limiting qualified immunity for police officers. The Lectic Law Library clarifies what qualified immunity is.

The Lectic Law Library. "Qualified Immunity." No date. http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/q063.htm
The defense of qualified immunity protects "government officials
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constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known."

And, "resolved" before a colon reflects a legislative forum.

AOS 4 (5-12, "~# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon", http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces the following: a.  A list, but only after "
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Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.

Violation
Standards

1. Ground.
   2. Limits.
   Harris 10
   Harris, Scott ~Debate coach for over 25 years, coaches University of Kansas Policy Debate Team~, " This ballot," Published on CEDADebate.org Forums. 5/5/13. http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?topic=4762.msg10246.
   Debates about what kinds of arguments we should or should not be making in debates are not insignificant either. The limits debate is an argument that has real pragmatic consequences. I found myself earlier this year judging Harvard's eco-pedagogy aff and thought to myself—I could stay up tonight
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   will have little to no effect on the teams that refuse to debate the topic.  

3. Topic education.
4. Deliberation skills. 

Voters.

Fairness is a prerequisite to any form of discussion – turns all your K impacts.

Galloway 7
Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where ~allows~ all parties
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substitutes for topical action do not accrue the dialogical benefits of topical advocacy.

Tournament: Damus | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake LoMo | Judge: Mason Munro

Counterplan text: The Supreme Court of the United States will limit qualified immunity by altering the 'reasonable' element of qualified immunity to be merely whether it was unconstitutional in civil suits claiming a violation of the 4^th amendment due to excessive force.

Urbonya 89, Problematic Standards of Reasonableness: Qualified Immunity in Section 1983 Actions for a Police Officer 's Use of Excessive Force, Temple Law Review. http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1510andcontext=facpubs
In two recent decisions, Malley v. Briggs and Anderson v. Creighton,
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but nevertheless "objectively reasonable" for the purpose of qualified immunity.28

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlbourogh | Judge: Shania Hunt

Anti-colonial resistance over determines the human leading to the perpetuation of anthropocentrism

DeLoughrey, 2k7
(Elizabeth, Cornell university, "QUANTUM LANDSCAPES A 'Ventriloquism of Spirit' http://www.english.ucla.edu/documents/DeLoughreyQuantumLandscapesMelvilleFinal2007.pdf ~10/24/11~)
Postcolonial theory has arrived belatedly to the scene of ecocritical studies, even as the
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through an environmental ventriloquism that circumvents the material and anthropocentric bias of colonialism.

The aff's focus on human traits is speciesist and justifies oppression and environmental degradation. The alternative is a genealogical investigation through the animal standpoint

Best 9 – UT El Paso philosophy professor, 2009
(Best, Steven. "The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: Putting Theory into Action and Animal Liberation into Higher Education." Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VII, Issue 1, 2009. http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/JCAS/Journal_Articles_download/issue_9/JCAS20VII20Issue20120MAY20ISSUE20The20Rise20of20Critical20Animal20Studies20pgs209-52.pdf)
Postmodern critiques have been hugely influential in many theoretical strains of animal studies, but
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for human liberation, peace and justice, and ecological healing and balance.

The role of the ballot is challenging speciesism in educational spaces – debate space is key

Domanska 10 ~ewa, adam mickiewicz university, poznon Poland, Stanford, beyond anthropocentrism in historical sciences~
It seems that in contemporary intellectual practice scholars are not connected by methods or theories
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the human subject from the centre of historical, archaeological and anthropological studies.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oakwood AB | Judge: Nick Steele

Ecology is the new opium for the masses – fear of massive catastrophe allows the hegemonic ideology of capital to sustain itself and short circuit attempts to break the system

Zizek 07 (Slavoj, professor of philosophy at the Institute for Sociology, Ljubljana, Censorship Today: Violence, or Ecology as a New Opium for the Masses, http://www.lacan.com/zizecology1.htm) JXu
No wonder, then, that the by far predominant version of ecology is the
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enabling humanity's survival. This extreme proposal renders visible the truth of ecology. 

Capitalism causes resource wars, economic collapses, population crises, ecological degradation, kills value to life, and magnifies all secondary antagonisms

Parr '13 Adrian Parr, The Wrath of Capital, 2013, p. 145-147
A quick snapshot of the twenty-first century so far: an economic meltdown
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must start from the point that after 2050 it may all be over.

The alternative is a revolutionary politics that reinforces connections between social spheres. That lays the groundwork of radical egalitarianism and liberation of labor

Harvey 11 – Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York
(Harvey, David. "The Enigma of Capital: And the Crises of Capitalism." Oxford University Press 2011)
The central problem to be addressed is clear enough. Compound growth for ever is
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the co-revolutionary points around which social action could converge and rotate.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Marlbourogh | Judge: Shania Hunt

Clinton is winning. Holding onto key swing states puts her slightly ahead

Silver 9/8/16, http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-the-swing-states-are-tightening-too/
In the more poll-obsessed corners of the internet, we've been arguing about
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a 3- or 4-percentage point national lead for Clinton.2 

Nuclear Energy is key to Clinton's energy platform.

Conca, 8/16/16, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2016/08/16/will-a-president-hillary-clinton-close-down-nuclear-power-plants/~~#7b1a97865ff9
No. In fact, Clinton generally supports nuclear energy. She does not want
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-above strategy proposed by Clinton and Obama is not really a political position

Energy policy is key to swing election

Hess, 9/7/16, http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060042406
Trump said lifting regulatory restrictions on all sources of energy development could increase federal,
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have a great chance of winning over the industrial unions," Moore said.

Trump causes global war – undercuts US ties globally and incentivizes Russian and North Korean aggression

Zahkheim 3/5/16 (Dov, Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) in the Administration of George W. Bush, and Deputy Under Secretary of Defense during the first and second Reagan Administrations, "Trump Must Be Stopped," http://nationalinterest.org/feature/trump-must-be-stopped-15408)
I was among a group of Republican former national security officials who signed an open
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all-too-frightening quest for the presidency of the United States.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ray Xu | Judge: Arjun Tambe

Space exploration now is only possible with nuclear power – multiple warrants

Zaitsev 07
(Zaitsev, Yury. "Nuclear Power In Space." SpaceDaily 15 Aug 2007. http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Nuclear_Power_In_Space_999.html)
Solar energy supplies most of power in spacecraft nowadays. Although the efficiency of solar
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its capacity, a nuclear plant is always smaller than a solar one.

Every second we don't colonize ends 10²⁹ future human lives – outweighs literally any other impact

Bostrom3— Nick Bostrom, Nick Bostrom is a Swedish philosopher at the University of Oxford known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, superintelligence risks, the reversal test, and consequentialism. ("Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development", Utilitas, 2003, Available Online at http://www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html, accessed 7-15-2016, JSO)
As I write these words, suns are illuminating and heating empty rooms, unused
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lost for every second of postponement of colonization of our supercluster.~6~

Multiple extinction threats within the next century – try or die to get off the rock

Smith and Davies 2012 (Cameron M., Anthropology Professor, Evan T., Writer; "A Choice of Catastrophes: Common Arguments for Space Colonization", Emigrating Beyond Earth: Human Adaptation and Space Colonization, http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4614-1165-9_4)
These limits are not entirely mythological. Even if humanity were to end war,
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after considering another possible scenario: not extinction, but civilization collapse.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alex Zhao | Judge: Abbey Chapman

Nuclear energy, not renewables, is the best source of energy for developing countries. Solves intermittency problem and provides energy security and sovereignty.

Chowdhury 12 ~Navid Chowdhury, "Nuclear Energy For Developing Countries," Submitted as coursework for PH241, Stanford University, Winter 2012, http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2012/ph241/chowdhury1/~~ JW
Introduction Access to energy is regarded as the basic requirement for economic growth. And
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dependence on fossil fuel would remove Bangladesh from such obligations set by IMF. 

Non-prolif regimes are attempts at statist intervention that harm privacy and prop up imperialism

Biswas 14 Biswas, Shampa. Prof of PoliSci @ Whitman, Nuclear Desire: Power and the Postcolonial Nuclear Order. Minneapolis, US: Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 8 August 2016. ~Premier~  
But even if these efforts may not have been particularly "effective" in making
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production is sustained are the subjects of chapters 3 and 4, respectively. 

Imperialism creates a global police state that normalizes racism, sexism, war, and extermination of the other like homosexuals

Mohanty 06 – Professor of Women's and Gender Studies, Sociology, and the Cultural Foundations of Education and Dean's Professor of the Humanities @ Syracuse University
(Chandra Talpade, "US Empire and the Project of Women's Studies: Stories of citizenship, Complicity and Dissent," Gender, Place and Culture, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 7–20, February 2006, http://www.englweb.umd.edu/englfac/KChuh/Mohanty,20US20Empire.pdf)
The clearest effects of US empire building in the domestic arena are thus evident in
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war at home and the war abroad. Take Abu Ghraib for instance. 

The alternative is to interrogate the epistemological framework of the AC—-this solves

McLaren and Kincheloe in 5 – Professor of Education, Graduate School of Education and Information Studies @ UCLA; professor and Canada Research Chair at the Faculty of Education, McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
(Peter and Joe, "Rethinking Critical Theory and Qualitative Research," The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, Third Edition, Editors Norman Denzin and Yvonna Lincoln, Sage Publications, 2005)
In this context, it is important to note that we understand a social theory
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one time period pale in relation to different points in a new era.

Tournament: Voices RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Jonas LeBarillec | Judge: Bistagne, Somani

Japan economy rising

Harding and Wells 5/18 (Robin and Peter Japan GDP growth rate jumps to 1.7 Financial Times 5/18/16 http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/866509c8-1c8e-11e6-a7bc-ee846770ec15.html~~#axzz4J3ZzXFgL Acc 9/2/16) CW
Japan's economy grew at an annualised rate of 1.7 per cent in the
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Shinzo Abe, which was poised to act if the data had been bad

Japan nuclear phase out explodes debt via vicious cycle

Belogolova 13 – staff editor (Olga Why Japan Can't Quit Nuclear Power 2/14/13 Atlantic http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/02/why-japan-cant-quit-nuclear-power/437028/ Acc 9/2/16)CW
If Japan goes to zero nuclear power, as the protesters and former Prime Minister
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"We don't want to pursue such a miserable path," Hirai says.

Renewables fail – infrastructure can't support growth and permits are complicated – XA to renewables – my evidence is comparative to  the solar energy movement

Jackson 16(Joe Despite nuclear fears, Japan solar energy sector slow to catch on 1/23/16 Al Jazeera America http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2016/1/23/japan-solar-energy-nuclear-fears.html Acc 9/3/16) CW
However, growth has come almost exclusively in solar. Other renewables have barely budged
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money here, but it costs more to build projects," said Franklin.

High debt to GDP ratio in Japan kills the world economy

Hutchinson 15 – international merchant banker (Martin Collapse of Abenomics Threatens Global Stability Wall Street Daily 8/31/15 http://www.wallstreetdaily.com/2015/08/31/japan-gross-domestic-product-gdp/ Acc 9/2/16) CW
First, Japanese savers hold the great majority of the debt – though this is
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but also imminent – and its effect on world markets won't be pretty.

Econ collapse means extinction. Kerpen 08

Phil Kerpen , National Review Online, October 29, 2008 , Don't Turn Panic Into Depression, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/10/29/opinion/main4555821.shtml
It's important that we avoid all these policy errors- not just for the sake
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of such extended duration would risk armed conflicts on an even greater scale .

Tournament: Voices | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ray Xu | Judge: Arjun Tambe
Interpretation:  If the affirmative defends more than country as the actor, there must be clear delineations which territories belong to which countries. To clarify, individual countries must already have possession and jurisdiction of specific territories the plan is being enacted on. Err toward spirit of the interp – abuse is contextualized by the standards and otherwise you permit abuse to occur based on blippy semantic I meets.
Violation: 

The aff prohibits nuclear production in space, but no country controls specific territories in space.

Simberg 12
(Simberg, Rand. "Property Rights in Space." The New Atlantis Fall 2012. http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/property-rights-in-space).
Despite the progress in technology, and the appeal of valuable resources, space settlement
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age — partly explains why we have not yet developed that final frontier.

Standards
Quality of ground.
Real world education.
Utopian fiat. 

Voters

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oakwood AB | Judge: Nick Steele
Interpretation. Affirmatives must defend countries in general and must not defend that only a single country or combination of countries prohibit the production of nuclear power.

Violation:

Standards

1. Textuality – 

Grammar – ‘countries’ in the resolution is a generic bare plural, just like ‘just government’

Nebel

I believe that debaters shouldn’t specify a government on the living wage topic. The standard argument for this is simple: “just governments” is a plural noun phrase, so it refers to more than one just government. Most debaters will stop there. But there is much more to say. (Some seem
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allows one to affirm by specifying a few governments. 

Common usage – the generic interpretation is the only one consistent with common usage.

Nebel

To my ear, the generic reading is correct. I think the best
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questions and objections in the comments to be addressed in a later article.)

2. Predictability 

Voters

Tournament: Voices RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Jonas LeBarillec | Judge: Bistagne, Somani

The 1AC is part of a non-proliferation regime that attempts to mask global inequality by turning the proliferation debate into a technocratic, scientific question dominated by government rationality – that ruse of solvency preserves nuke power and weapons for wealthy Western countries, quashes challenges to the system and invades privacy through state-sponsored surveillance

Biswas 14
Biswas, Shampa. Prof of PoliSci @ Whitman, Nuclear Desire: Power and the Postcolonial Nuclear Order. Minneapolis, US: Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 8 August 2016.
But even if these efforts may not have been particularly "effective" in making
AND
production is sustained are the subjects of chapters 3 and 4, respectively.

The aff is a form of nuclear apartheid that seeks to mask and justify institutional racism

Biswas 14
Biswas, Shampa. Prof of PoliSci @ Whitman, Nuclear Desire: Power and the Postcolonial Nuclear Order. Minneapolis, US: Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 8 August 2016.
Thus India was able to wield the charge of "nuclear apartheid" as it
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that may well have helped justify proliferation and hampered progress toward universal disarmament.

The only possible alternative is an intellectual re-evaluation. The role of the ballot is opening new spaces for conceptualizing IR

Bilgin 5 (Pinar, Assist Prof of IR at Bilkent U, Regional security in the Middle East: a critical perspective, p 205-207)
Emphasising the mutually interactive relationship between intellectuals and social movements should not be taken to
AND
of a 'desired' future but is also cognisant of 'threats to the future'.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 4 | Opponent: Alex Zhao | Judge: Abbey Chapman

Paris Climate Agreement is being implemented now and will solve emissions

World Nuclear News 10/6
("Paris Agreement enters into force." World Nuclear News 6 October 2016. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/EE-Paris-Agreement-enters-into-force-0610167.html)
The agreement, which aims to keep global temperature increases this century well below 2
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- and by countries representing a total of 55 of global emissions. 

Paris Agreements goals are impossible without Nuclear Power.

IAEA 9/27
("IAEA Reports Highlight Nuclear Power's Role in Achieving Global Climate and Sustainable Development Goals." International Atomic Energy Agency 27 Sept. 2014. https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/iaea-reports-highlight-nuclear-powers-role-on-global-climate-sustainable-development-goals)
"To meet the goal of the Paris Agreement, as well as to secure
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benefits, might substantially enhance the value of having a nuclear power programme."

Egypt is key to the Paris Agreement, especially the Arab Group

Nelson 8/15
(Nelson, Michael. "Africa's Regional Powers Are Key to Climate Negotiations – But Will They Cooperate?" New Security Beat 15 Aug. 2016. https://www.newsecuritybeat.org/2016/08/africas-regional-powers-key-climate-negotiations-cooperate/)
Regional powers often view climate change negotiations as part of a larger strategic situation.
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of climate change) and the African Group (often called "progressive").

Arab Group is key to influencing other developing countries to ratification

Climate Home 3/29
("Developing nations urged to boycott Paris Agreement signing." Climate Home 29 Mar. 2016. http://www.climatechangenews.com/2016/03/29/developing-nations-urged-to-boycott-paris-agreement-signing/)
Developing countries should refuse to sign the Paris climate agreement until they receive stronger assurances
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secure the necessary conditions that will enable developing countries to meet their obligations." 

Extinction

Sharp and Kennedy 14 – (Associate Professor Robert (Bob) A. Sharp is the UAE National Defense College Associate Dean for Academic Programs and College Quality Assurance Advisor. He previously served as Assistant Professor of Strategic Security Studies at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) in the U.S. National Defense University (NDU), Washington D.C. and then as Associate Professor at the Near East South Asia (NESA) Center for Strategic Studies, collocated with NDU. Most recently at NESA, he focused on security sector reform in Yemen and Lebanon, and also supported regional security engagement events into Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Qatar; Edward Kennedy is a renewable energy and climate change specialist who has worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on carbon policy and markets; 8/22/14, "Climate Change and Implications for National Security," International Policy Digest, http://intpolicydigest.org/2014/08/22/climate-change-implications-national-security/)
Our planet is 4.5 billion years old. If that whole time was
AND
investment patterns, and political decisions; it will be hard to fix!

Tournament: Voices | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Jong Hok Won | Judge: Chapman, OKrent, Martel

Russia suspended plutonium deal with the US. Risk of strategic imbalance causes Russian backlash.

BBC 10/3/2016, ("Russia Suspends Weapons-Grade Plutonium Deal With US", http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37539616)
In a decree, President Vladimir Putin accused the US of creating "a threat
AND
and its Gulf Arab allies. Russia is currently modernising its nuclear arsenal.

Russia-Iran alliance key to challenge the US.

Kam and Magen 9/10/2016 (Jerusalem Post, "Russia's and Iran's Turning Point: a Strategic Alliance", http://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Russia-and-Irans-turning-point-467206"
While Iran has since said that use of the air base was "over for
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it would happen, describing the move as "unfortunate though not surprising." 

AND, Russian propaganda ensures war. Nuclear Doctrine allows first use.

Cambridge 10/3/2016, (The Sun, "Russia tell its citizens the West is hell-bent on nuclear war as tensions with US over Syria escalate", https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/1901325/russia-tell-its-citizens-the-west-is-hell-bent-on-nuclear-war-as-tensions-with-us-over-syria-escalate/)
As international tension builds following attacks in Syria, Russian state officials are preparing terrified
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. Satellite images reveal the location of the huge centre near Mount Yamantau.

AND, US Russia War causes extinction

Starr 10/14/2015, (director of the University of Missouri's Clinical Laboratory Science Program, Federation of American Scientist "Nuclear War, Nuclear Winter, and Human Extinction", https://fas.org/pir-pubs/nuclear-war-nuclear-winter-and-human-extinction/)
While it is impossible to precisely predict all the human impacts that would result from
AND
silent about the ultimate threat that nuclear war poses to the human species.

Tournament: Voices RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Jonas LeBarillec | Judge: Bistagne, Somani

Counterplan Text: Japan ought to replace all uranium based reactors with thorium based reactors

CP solves the aff—Thorium based reactors have much better accident safeguards, produce significantly less nuclear waste, are extremely difficult to proliferate, and thorium is mined much more environmentally friendly than uranium

Warmflash 15 Warmflash, David. "Thorium Power Is the Safer Future of Nuclear Energy. "Discover. Discover Magazine, 16 Jan. 2015. Web. 15 Aug. 2016. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2015/01/16/thorium-future-nuclear-energy
Nuclear power has long been a contentious topic. It generates huge amounts of electricity
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term – and to dramatically improve the world's energy sustainability in the process.