Tournament: Stanford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Fred Ditzian

The 1ACs conceptions of political discourse are militarized by the police state to create a permanent state of emergency.

McLoughlin 12 ~Daniel McLoughlin is a doctoral candidate in Philosophy at the University of New South Wales, working on the political philosophy of Giorgio Agamben. "Giorgio Agamben on Security, Government and the Crisis of Law", Griffith Law Review, Volume 21, Issue 3, 2012, msm~
One of the decisive effects of total war, according to Junger, was the
AND
prevailing forms of life and close down the possibility of the alternatives emerging. 

Scenario planning results in threat creation because it relies on turning possiblities into actualities.

Massumi 15 (Brian – Professor of Communication at the University of Montreal, "The Remains of the Day," in Emotions, Politics and War, Ed. Åhäll and Gregory, 2015)
This isn't just stupidity or faulty reasoning. There is a perverse logic to it
AND
dominant operative logic of our times. Preemption octopuses on. Ontopower rules.

Your use of the state causes us to devolve to bare life.

Agamben 2K (Giorgio, prof of phil @ the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p 5-6) ED
Thus, life originally appears in law only as the counterpart of a power that
AND
turned into the exception and in¬cluded in the city is always naked life.

Government is the reason biopower exists

Nadesan, 08 (Majia Holmer, professor of communication in the School of Social and Behavioral Sciences in the New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, "Governmentality, Biopower, and Everyday Life", https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=QEqTAgAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=22economic+security22+and+biopower+and+agambenandots=iSmmUdVRPCandsig=c0GAKJJxPEdjnZJV7BjudTumxH4~~#v=snippetandq=biopower20and20governmentandf=false)//BW
Foucault contended that the emergence of the early modern liberal state depended upon the institution
AND
—his pedagogy—ensures the upward continuity of the arts of government.

The state of exception destroys value to life. Extinction doesn't matter if there is no value to the lives lost.

Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 139-140) ED
3.3.It is not our intention here to take a position on
AND
category.  It now dwells in the biological body of every living being. 

Controls the internal link to war and violence.

Dillon and Reid 2001 (Michael and Julian, Michael Dillon is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Lancaster and Julian Reid is a Doctoral Student in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Lancaster , Global Liberal Governance: Biopolitics, Security, and War, 2001Millennium - Journal of International Studies, pp.39-40) ED
For capitalist society biopolitics is what is most important, the biological, the somatic
AND
addition, a further way in which we seek to extend Foucault's project. 

Biopower is the root cause of racism

Mbembe Research Professor Institute of Social and Economic Research University of Witwatersrand 2008 Achille Foucault in an Age of Terror ed Morton and Bygrave page 156-157
In Foucault's formulation,
AND
putting to death'.20
Flax 99 (Jane, Professor of Political Science, Howard University, "CAN THERE BE CITIZENSHIP WITHOUT RACE AND GENDER?", http://iiav.nl/epublications/1999/cantherebecitizenshipwithoutraceandgender.pdf)//BW
In his narrative, Rawls misconstructs phenomenal as well as noumenal selves. The problem
AND
1952) argues, such bonds are among the most difficult to break.

Vote negative to endorse the state of whatever being in resistance to sovereign power. Whatever being is the only way to solve. Working within the law only furthers sovereign control of life. Solves case because whateverbeing means that nothing can be distinguished which prevents the state from unequally applying the law and stripping us away to bare life.

Caldwell 4 (Anne, Asst Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville, Theory and Event, 7.2shree)
Can we imagine another form of humanity, and another form of power? The
AND
calls up and depends upon the life caught within sovereignty: homo sacer. 

The ROB is to challenge sovereign representations. This is key to preventing violence.

Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 93-95) ED

Exposition is the location of politics. If there is no ani¬mal politics, that
AND
media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management.

AND, Discursive autonomy is a prior question. Complacency in language renders us unintelligible.

Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 95-97) ED

If what human
AND
it is word.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Fred Ditzian

No anti-cyberbullying laws in the 1AC b/c they are restrictions on free speech – increases cyberbullying

Hayward 13. John O. Hayward, ~Senior Lecturer in Law at Bentley Universityds~, "Anti-Cyberbullying Laws Are a Threat to Free Speech," Netiquette and Online Ethics, Gale: Opposing Viewpoints in Context, 2013, http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?displayGroupName=Viewpointsandjsid=86b8d9990680ac70437ab043a7b61192andaction=2andcatId=anddocumentId=GALE7CEJ3010868216andu=nysl_we_bcsdandzid=e5792b8229fbb3d88a51bec521a1e8cf//AD
While forty-three states have anti-bullying statutes, only twenty-one
AND
bullying laws violate the First Amendment and should be struck down as unconstitutional.

Anti-cyberbullying laws key to prevent cyberbullying – squo solves and checks off campus behavior

Patchin 10. Justin W. Patchin, ~Professor of Criminal Justice in the Department of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire~, 09/28/10, "Cyberbullying Laws and School Policy: A Blessing or Curse?," Cyberbullying Research Center, http://cyberbullying.org/cyberbullying-laws-and-school-policy-a-blessing-or-curse//AD
Many schools are now in a difficult position of having to respond to a mandate
AND
election time, so I'm sure your local representative will be all ears…

Cyberbullying is conducive to abuse and kills self worth – impedes the ability to get education, turns case

ETCB 16, End To Cyber Bullying, ~The End to Cyber Bullying (ETCB) Organization was founded in 2011 to raise global awareness on cyberbullying, and to mobilize youth, educators, parents, and others in taking efforts to end cyberbullying~, "A Surprising Long-Term Effect of Cyberbullying, ETCB Organization, 2016, http://www.endcyberbullying.org/a-surprising-long-term-effect-of-cyberbullying///AD
If someone repeatedly tells the victim online that ~they~ is ~are~
AND
of the abuse upon the psyche of the victim are anything but impermanent.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bingham KB | Judge: Monica Amestoy

Court Clog DA

Courts are overworked in the squo—judges are at the edge and one big push collapses the judiciary.

Gersham 15 Jacob Gershman "Federal Judge Says His Overworked Colleagues Bench Close to Burnout" Wall Street Journal November 12^th 2015
Judges in federal trial courts have for some time expressed concern about the ever-
AND
growing ones), but efforts to hire more judges have met political resistance.

Qualified immunity is a large part of case selection – deters lawyers from taking certain cases.

Reinert 11, Alexander. "Does Qualified Immunity Matter?." University of St. Thomas Law Journal Vol 8 Issue 3. 2011. Web. October 06, 2016. http://ir.stthomas.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1261andcontext=ustlj.
The data are limited and anecdotal in nature, but assuming these results are representative
AND
the plaintiff's attorney thinks that the qualified immunity defense will ultimately be rejected. 

Standards set by the court under QI make it easier to dismiss friv litigation

Cotrell 94, Eric. "Civil Rights Plaintiffs, Clogged Courts, And The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure: The Supreme Court." North Carolina Law Review Volume 74 Number 4. April 01, 1994. Web. October 06, 2016. http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3547andcontext=nclr.
Although Leatherman\'s ban on heightened standards may be consistent with the Court\
AND
frivolous civil rights suits-contrary to an overly broad interpretation of Leatherman.

Court clog collapses the federal judiciary — overburdens dockets, expansion can't keep pace

Oakley 96 (John, Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus at the University of California Davis, "The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 543, p. 52—63, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1048447
Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal justice
AND
jurisdiction would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation

Separation of power solves unaccountable decisions to go to war – causes extinction.

Adler 96 (David, professor of political science at Idaho State, The Constitution and Conduct of American Foreign Policy, p. 23-25)
The structure of shared powers in foreign relations serves to deter the abuse of power
AND
values in comparison to those of the American people and their representatives in Congress

Moral uncertainty means we should prevent extinction

Bostrom 12 ~Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012)~
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential
AND
of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bingham KB | Judge: Monica Amestoy

Early Intervention

Text: The US Department of Justice will require that ~police departments~ implement early intervention systems

Campaign Zero no date clarifies the advocacy ~Campaign Zero; Campaign ZERO was developed with contributions from activists, protesters and researchers across the nation. This data-informed platform presents comprehensive solutions to end police violence in America. It integrates community demands and policy recommendations from research organizations and the President's Task Force on 21st Century Policing; "Limit Use of Force"; http://www.joincampaignzero.org/force~~ JC
A. Report all uses of force to a database with information on related injuries
AND
these officers from serving as police officers, teachers or other governmental employees.

EI programs are seen as unneeded – the CP is key to expanding their use

Ceriale 16 ~Matthew A.; University of Central Florida; "Early Intervention Systems: An Evaluative Review of Their History and Use" (2016); Honors in the Major Theses; Paper 32; http://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032andamp;context=honorstheses~~ JC
EI systems have been listed as a best practice and highly effective both in case
AND
systems so that it can then move forward to improving and enlarging them.

CP solves the aff – it's empirically successful and the police themselves support it

Walker et al 1 ~"Early Warning Systems: Responding to the Problem Police Officer"; Samuel Walker, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Dennis J. Kenney; July 2001; U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice; https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/188565.pdf~~ JC
Early warning systems appear to have a dramatic effect on reducing citizen complaints and other
AND
abstract, moralistic, or otherwise unrelated to practical aspects of police work. 

Increases accountability – wrongdoing police get punished

Harris 12 ~David A.; Professor of Law, University of Pittsburgh School of Law; "How Accountability-Based Policing Can Reinforce— Or Replace—The Fourth Amendment Exclusionary Rule"; OHIO STATE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW Vol 7: 149; http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/osjcl/files/2012/05/Harris-FinalPDF.pdf~~ JC
In some departments, such as the Pittsburgh Police Bureau,75 chiefs hold periodic
AND
. Thus, compliance with rules and standards set by the organization increases.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bingham KB | Judge: Monica Amestoy

Policing Links

The aff leads to a policing apocalypse – 3 warrants

1. Costs

Huge litigation costs disable police departments

King 7/1 ~Andrew; Assistant Prosecuting Attorney. B.A. from The Ohio State University, J.D., summa cum laude from Capital University Law School. Member of the bars of the Supreme Court of Ohio, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, and both the United States District Courts for the Southern District of Ohio and the Northern District of Ohio. Andrew is a past associate editor of the Capital University Law School Law Review and is the author of several published legal articles; 7-1-2016; "Keep Qualified Immunity...For Now"; http://mimesislaw.com/fault-lines/keep-qualified-immunity-for-now/11010~~ JC
Plus, we're told, making lawsuits easier would bring about a policing apocalypse:
AND
figure out a better one before tearing down the old one.
  

2. Recruitment

Being a police officer is a difficult job, and police agencies are already struggling to fill vacancies

Christopher 3/5 Burns Christopher. 3/5/16 (Writer for Bangor Daily News,) "Why Maine police departments have a hard time filling jobs" http://bangordailynews.com/2016/03/05/the-point/why-maine-police-departments-have-a-hard-time-filling-jobs/   
Law enforcement agencies in the midcoast and Washington County have made news recently because they're
AND
known about the recruitment troubles, however, is largely anecdotal.
 

Without qualified immunity, people would be strongly deterred from taking on jobs as police officers

Schott 12 Richard J. (Writer for FBI Bulletin, J.D.) "Qualified Immunity How It Protects Law Enforcement Officers". FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. 2012
The Supreme Court found no reason to differentiate between the other defendants in this case
AND
while government employees performing the same tasks would be protected by qualified immunity. 

3. Chilling effect

Studies show officers fear litigation, which creates a chilling effect on enforcement

Hawkins and Montsinger 7 Homer C. Hawkins (Associate Professor, School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University) and Catherine Montsinger (Assistant Professor, Criminology, Johnson C. Smith University). "Police and Civil Liability: A Practical Guide to Avoiding Litigation." Law Enforcement Executive Forum•2007•7(1). https://www.iletsbeiforumjournal.com/images/Issues/FreeIssues/ILEEF202007-7.1.pdf
Litigaphobia, also referred to as Police Liability Syndrome, creates a certain paralysis in
AND
become trained to avoid the "chill effect" that litigation may present.

Policing Impact – Crime

Police are key to mitigating crime

Medved 14 ~Michael Medved; 8-21-2014; "Slow down, police are the good guys: Column"; http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/08/21/police-militarization-ferguson-crime-violence-justice-bureau-column/14307505/~~ JC
If an American institution inspires public confidence through conspicuous, consistent progress over the course
AND
crime rates, and might have even accelerated those improvements in public safety.

Crime exacerbates poverty

Samenow 14 ~Stanton Samenow, Ph.D., received his B.A. (cum laude) from Yale University in 1963 and his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Michigan in 1968; 12-24-2014; "Crime Causes Poverty"; https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/inside-the-criminal-mind/201412/crime-causes-poverty~~ JC
What may not be apparent is that crime causes poverty. Consider the costs of
AND
it when criminals demolish overnight what they have worked so hard to build.

Violent crime destroys the quality of life

Berman 16. Mark. (Mark Berman covers national news for The Washington Post and anchors Post Nation, a destination for breaking news and stories from around the country.) "Violent crime and murders both went up in 2015, FBI says" September 26 2016
Homicides in the United States went up by more than 10 percent in 2015 over
AND
us — and so all of us have a responsibility to end it."