Tournament: Stanford | Round: 4 | Opponent: Davis Senior ET | Judge: Tom Kadie

Framing

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who better performatively and methodologically resists surveillance.

The surveillance state corrupts scholarship through "thoughtcrime" – confronting this is a prior question

Steinberg 13 ~R. Lila Steinberg, PhD student at UCLA; 3-8-2013; "fThe Premise of Digital Surveillance Precludes Scholarship"; http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/14839-the-premise-of-digital-surveillance-precludes-scholarship~~ JC
However, a new "For Whites Only" or "For Men Only"
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prior restraint on the very foundation of scholarship - wide and uncensored inquiry.

Surveillance has invaded public pedagogy, coopting dissent, debate, and critical dialogue, resistance is key to avoid global violence

Giroux 14 Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~
The point of no return in the emergence of the corporate-state surveillance apparatus
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the very real threat of violence on both a domestic and global level. 

"The practice of surveillance is both separate and unequal." Minority groups represent the bulk of those targeted

Giroux 14 Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~ ellipses included in original article
The practice of surveillance is both separate and unequal. ... Welfare recipients ... are
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state violence by making an appeal to the necessity of safety and security. 

It's try or die – the surveillance state ensures genocide and extinction

Saul 15 ~Quincy, Author, Editor, and Founder of Ecosocialist Horizons, March 23, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, Truth Out, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/29664-the-four-horsemen-of-the-apocalypse~~
Surveillance States: 1984 has arrived, only 30 years after Orwell predicted. The
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to realize it. Time to seize the day and never let go.

The ballot is key - just like voting in system of government, casting a ballot in a debate is an endorsement of material change. Thus, the judge is not just the arbiter of who wins the debate, but is recognized as an agent implementing change on a micropolitical level.

Foucault 81 Michel, 1981, an interview with Libération, "Is it really important to think?" *brackets in original
Liberation: On election night we asked you for your initial reactions. You didn't
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relation in which work ~le travail~ will have an important role. 

Debate should surround material consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.

Curry 14 ~Dr. Tommy J; "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014~
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
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economic structures which necessitate tangible policies and reorienting changes in our value orientations. 

Offense

This debate should center around online speech – it's the core controversy of the topic

Creeley and Lukianoff 11 ~Will Creeley – Director of Legal and Public Advocacy, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., New York University School of Law, 2006; B.A., New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2003. Greg Lukianoff – President, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., Stanford Law School, 2000; B.A., American University, 1996.; "NEW MEDIA, OLD PRINCIPLES: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND FREE SPEECH ON CAMPUS"; 5/13/2011; https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/e674c6c95dec401e5a62c9bbc409112c.pdf~~ JC
With every passing year, the longstanding battle over freedom of expression for students at
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) or would be protected in society at large (at private colleges). 

Thus the plan – Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected online speech.

Creeley and Lukianoff 11 ~Will Creeley – Director of Legal and Public Advocacy, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., New York University School of Law, 2006; B.A., New York University, Gallatin School of Individualized Study, 2003. Greg Lukianoff – President, Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. J.D., Stanford Law School, 2000; B.A., American University, 1996.; "NEW MEDIA, OLD PRINCIPLES: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND FREE SPEECH ON CAMPUS"; 5/13/2011; https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/e674c6c95dec401e5a62c9bbc409112c.pdf~~ JC
Further, the new visibility of speech offers opportunities for increased understanding and tolerance of
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we can begin to resolve the current tension regarding online speech on campus. 

The censorship of online speech enables universities to monitor their students and staff – everything from emails and social media to campus whereabouts. This draws parallels to NSA surveillance, as universities shut down criticism of the surveillance regime.

Perrino 13 ~Nico; 10-22-2013; "Universities: where you go to learn – and be monitored"; https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/22/online-social-media-surveillance-university-campuses~~ JC
It monitors email and social media accounts, uses thousands of surveillance cameras to track
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To roll it back, we must take into account its entire scope.

Speech restriction sets a dangerous precedent that enables endless exceptions to the First Amendment.

White 16 ~Ken White (attorney), 11-29-2016, "Lawsplainer:  Why Flag Burning Matters, And How It Relates To Crush Videos", https://www.popehat.com/2016/11/29/lawsplainer-why-flag-burning-matters-and-how-it-relates-to-crush-videos/~~
It's significant because of the way the government defended the statute. The government's lead
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." Marbury v. Madison , 1 Cranch 137, 178 (1803).

Resisting surveillance in education causes a widespread culture shift

Taylor 13 ~Emmeline Taylor; "Surveillance Schools: Security, Discipline and Control in Contemporary Education" (Crime Prevention and Security Management); 2013~ JC
Upcoming generations will emerge from Surveillance Schools desensitised to, and expectant of, intense
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social interaction and nowhere is the surveillance revolution more crystallised than in schools.

Surveillance uniquely threatens students' freedoms. Criticizing and protesting surveillance both on campus and in debate is vital to civic engagement and social change.

Glaser 14 — April Glaser, Staff Activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2014 ("17 Student Groups Pen Open Letters on the Toxicity of Mass Surveillance to Academic Freedom," Electronic Frontier Foundation, June 9^th, Available Online at https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/06/students-against-surveillance-17-university-groups-pen-open-letters-toxicity-mass)
Students are rising up and fighting to protect our Internet. In response to our
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, push for change, and put an end to mass government surveillance.

The AFF's critical interrogation and analyses of surveillance is crucial to analyzing the way in which daily life and the body itself has become a feature of securitization—our dissent functions as an unravelling and exposure of dominant power relations

Giroux 14 Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~ bracketed for grammar
Totalitarian paranoia runs deep in American society, and it now inhabits the highest levels
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an educational endeavour and responsibility as it is a political and cultural task.

Pedagogical praxis is key – translating critique into action is key to making education central in political effectiveness.

Giroux 14 Global TV Network Chair Professorship at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University ~Henry, "Totalitarian Paranoia in the Post-Orwellian Surveillance State," Truthout, February 10, 2014, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/21656-totalitarian-paranoia-in-the-post-orwellian-surveillance-state~~
Dissent is crucial to any viable notion of democracy and provides a powerful counterforce to
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most evident in the insults and patriotic gore heaped on Manning and Snowden.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: East AN | Judge: Calen Smith

Biopower AFF

Part 1- Framing.

The ROB is to challenge sovereign representations. This is key to preventing violence.

Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 93-95) ED

Exposition is the location of politics. If there is no ani¬mal politics, that
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media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management.

AND, Discursive autonomy is a prior question. Complacency in language render us unintelligible.
Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 95-97) ED

If what human beings had to communicate
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a victory over charac¬ter—it is word.

AND, The debate space is necessary to challenge harmful discourses.

Shanahan 93 William Shanahan (Ft. Hays State University, Kansas) "kritik of thinking" Debater's Research Guide, Health Care Policy, 1993 http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/Shanahan1993HealthCare.htm
Policy has a stranglehold on debate worthy of any NYC transit cop. Argument must
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to open additional pathways for debaters, not shut down the current ones.

====AND, debate is an educational activity. Your role as a judge is as an educator which means that education should precede previous justifications that have been rationally justified. This also means that as an educator your constitutive role in debate is to prevent violence. Violence excludes people from debate and thus causes us to lose out on the education that we would otherwise get. Violence also creates an unsafe space in the debate that would threaten our own well-being. This comes first. ====
Koh and Niemi 15 Ben Koh and Rebar Niemi (debate coaches) "How Do I Reach These Kids?: An Affirmation of Polyvocal Debate" NSD Update September 15^th 2015 http://nsdupdate.com/2015/09/15/how-do-i-reach-these-kids-an-affirmation-of-polyvocal-debate-by-ben-koh-rebar-niemi/
It is not a question of excluding the chaos or even controlling it, but
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debate" do not allow for that, we advocate breaking those rules.

Part 2- Offense

Working within the state is the best way to combat biopower.

Edkins 7 (Jenny – Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University, "Whatever Politics," in Giorgio Agamben: Sovereignty and Life, Ed. Calarco and DeCaroli, 2007, p. 84)
What is crucial here is whether the alternative Agamben proposes is radical enough. Does
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state" but to human praxis and political action (SE, 88).

AND, qualified immunity reifies the state of exception by allowing government agents to transcend the law. This is empirically verified.

~David Rudovsky (University of Pennsylvania Law School), "The Qualified Immunity Doctrine in the Supreme Court: Judicial Activism and the Restriction of Constitutional Rights" Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Respository. 1989. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3772andcontext=penn_law_review~~
Anderson v. Creighton swept away these decisions and created an additional basis for the
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a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right."

Also, qualified immunity's foundation in the Supreme Court has historically let racist killer cops go free. Even when there is an excessive use of force there is no accountability creating a state of exception where the state can do no wrong.

~Erwin Chemerinsky (Dean of the School of Law at the University of California, Irvine; he is a prominent scholar in US constitutional law and federal civil procedure), "How the Supreme Court Protects Bad Cops." Aug 26, 2014. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/opinion/how-the-supreme-court-protects-bad-cops.html?_r=0~~
Because it is so difficult to sue government entities, most victims' only recourse is
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how many more riots will it take before the Supreme Court changes course?

AND, the use of the police force is a medium of the biopolitical regime to normalize its subjects.

Binkley, Sam, and Jorge Capetillo Ponce 1. A Foucault for the 21st Century: Governmentality, Biopolitics and Discipline in the New Millennium. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2009. Print.
Contemporary forms of power function in order to discipline and train minds and bodies,
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for more of it. Subjects trained in discipline come to demand discipline.

====AND, the protection of the police state and the conception that they are the protectors of the people centralizes the government, reifies the management of society, and instills that they can do no wrong. ====
Binkley, Sam, and Jorge Capetillo Ponce 2. A Foucault for the 21st Century: Governmentality, Biopolitics and Discipline in the New Millennium. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2009. Print.
Writing about the behemoth Los Angeles Unified School District, Torin Mohanan dubbed this phenomenon
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interwoven shepherd-functions, derived and adapted from the 1979 Tanner lectures:

AND, the state of exception destroys value to life. Extinction doesn't matter if there is no value to the lives lost.

Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 139-140) ED
3.3.It is not our intention here to take a position on
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It now dwells in the biological body of every living being.
 

AND, its try or die for the aff, the biopolitical regime has already started enforcing its control. Controls the internal link to racism because biopower allows racist tendencies to surface.

Calacal, Celisa. "This Is How Many People Police Have Killed so Far in 2016." ThinkProgress. N.p., 05 July 2016. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. ED
The year isn't over yet, and police have already killed at least 865 people
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involved in killing another person will not be held accountable for their actions.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 4 | Opponent: Marlborough GK | Judge: Nicholas Rogers

SCHOOLS AC

1AC

1 – War Against Kids

Police have invaded schools and momentum for funding is still gaining – this has led to increasing use of force and abuse of students – the law is not clearly established so SROs will always get immunity

Potter 15 ~GS Potter; Community activist and educator with a Ph.D. in educational leadership and policy studies from the University of Washington.; 3-16-2015; "How Police Became Part of the Public School System and How to Get Them Out"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/33706-how-police-became-part-of-the-public-school-system-and-how-to-get-them-out~~ JC
Between the founding of the first recognized school resource officer program in 1958 and the
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-wide abuses against students, especially disadvantaged students, across the country.

Qualified immunity for SROs exist in the SQUO

Nafday 10 – lawyer working as executive compensation and benefits associate. BS, BA 2005, University of California, Berkeley; JD Candidate 2010, The University of Chicago Law School
(Nafday, Rohit A. "From Sense to Nonsense and Back Again: SRO Immunity, Doctrinal Bait-and-Switch, and a Call for Coherence." The University of Chicago Law Review 77 (847): 2010. https://lawreview.uchicago.edu/sites/lawreview.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/77.2/77-2-SRO20Immunity-Nafday.pdf)
In 1995, after having twice
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in Mandelbaum v NYMEX. 103 

SRO misconduct is rampant – students are choked, tasered, and shot to death – it's try or die for the aff

Lee 15 ~Jaeah; Jaeah is a former reporter at Mother Jones. Her writings have appeared in The Atlantic, the Guardian, Wired, Christian Science Monitor, Global Post, Huffington Post, Talking Points Memo, and Grist.; JUL. 14, 2015; "Chokeholds, brain injuries, beatings: Here's what happens when school cops go bad"; http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/police-school-resource-officers-k-12-misconduct-violence~~ JC
Over the past year, video footage from around the country of law enforcement officers
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training and oversight, and a disproportionate impact on minority and disabled students.

Tasers prove – SROs are brutal

Klein 8/1 ~Rebecca; Editor of education news for The Huffington Post; 8-1-2016; "School-Based Police Are Using Tasers on Students"; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/37338-set-to-stun~~ JC
This is one of at least 84 incidents of children being Tasered or shot with
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184 in 2007. (The department stopped conducting regular surveys after 2009.)

The police state oppresses children in schools

Giroux 15 ~Henry A.; 11-11-2015; McMaster University Professor for Scholarship in the Public Interest and The Paulo Freire Distinguished Scholar in Critical Pedagogy. He also is a Distinguished Visiting Professor at Ryerson University; "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State"; http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state~~ JC
In part, the militarizing of schools and the accompanying surge of police officers are
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defined by a culture of fear and an utter distrust of young people?

2 – Plan

Resolved: The United States federal government should abolish qualified immunity for school resource officers.

James 16 – Professor of Law Pepperdine University
(James, Bernard and Fhanysha Clark. "Body Worn Cameras: Student Privacy Rights and Video Surveillance." Minnesota Juvenile Officers Association 2016. http://www.mnjoa.org/files/112839109.pdf)
In what other capacities can the SRO serve as a resource for school officials?
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of uncertainty over the law and because their commanders will not allow it.

He continues:

Meanwhile, the duty of school
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educators are not entitled to qualified official immunity for negligent performance of this duty.

The plan is a catalyst for further reform

De Stefan 16 Lindsey De Stefan (J.D. Candidate, 2017, Seton Hall University School of Law). "No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850 JC
In recent months, it has been impossible to ignore the overwhelming presence of police
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step in decreasing the overall incidence of police misconduct in the United States.

Wrongdoing SROs are held accountable – litigation affects conduct regardless of indemnification

Rosen 5 Michael M. Rosen (Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm; JD, Harvard Law). "A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement." 35GoldenGateU.L.Rev. (2005). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2
Of course, this entire edifice hangs on the assumption that law enforcement agents regularly
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, in the heat of the moment, whether reasonably or not.59 

QI distorts civil rights law – it makes it so the law will never be clearly established

Hassel 99 ~Diana; Professor of Law and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at Roger Williams University School of Law; "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"; Missouri Law Review (1999); Available at: http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/mlr/vol64/iss1/9~~ JC
On the other side of the lawsuit, qualified immunity promises much more to the
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should be protected and which we are content not to protect with monetary compensation

Legal actions affect culture-civil rights movement proves

Masket 15 SETH MASKET, OCT 5, 2015, "You Can Change Laws Without Changing Hearts and Minds" http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-law/you-can-change-laws-without-changing-hearts-and-minds
In the wake of yet another mass shooting, a rather familiar public debate is
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some of those changes have done the country a great deal of good.

3 – Framing

The judge must resist the imposition of dominant ideology on marginalized groups in educational spaces.  TRIFONAS 03:

Trifonas, Peter. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. New York, London. 2003.
Domination and subordination, I imply that they are relations of power. In an
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is to make the world a better place for us and for our childre

And, current discourse on young people is violent – they are viewed as criminals, public disorders that must be dealt with, and resources for markets. Solving for children's oppression accesses other forms of oppression. GIROUX 15:

Henry A. Giroux | Youth in Authoritarian Times: Challenging Neoliberalism's Politics of Disposability Wednesday, 21 October 2015 00:00 By Henry A. Giroux, Truthout | News Analysis
The transformation of the social state into the corporate-controlled punishing state is made
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appear to be of little concern to the shameless apostles of permanent war. 

Thus, the role of the ballot and judge is to reject oppression with a focus on the youth. More warrants:

1. Children are particularly excluded and not considered relevant by academics, allowing willful ignorance of violence that costs them their lives. Only a focus on children as an important group can stop systemic structural violence – otherwise all oppression towards them is rendered unseen. GIROUX 2K:

Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000)
Unfortunately, as the post-Littleton debate has clearly shown, educators in a
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regarded as a detriment to adult society rather than as a valuable resource. 

And, Addressing the material conditions for violence specifically with children is required for the success of symbolic critique. Pure critique is not enough – it must be combined into tangible policy action. GIROUX 2:

Public Pedagogy and the Responsibility of Intellectuals: Youth, Littleton, and the Loss of Innocence Henry A. Giroux. jac 20.1 (2000)
To address the problems of youth, rigorous educational work must respond to the dilemmas
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, unemployment, police brutality, rape, sexual abuse, and racism. 

2. Debate is a unique forum for high-schooler's to advocate for children – children are denied participation due to the current structure of society. GODWIN 11:

Children's Oppression, Rights and Liberation by Samantha Godwin 2011
While childhood similarly marks a stage of life that each of us will pass through
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they lack the legal rights to have the opportunity to acquire those means.