Tournament: Alta | Round: 1 | Opponent: Eagle TW | Judge: Ashan Peiris

America is built on anti-blackness, while other forms of oppression may exist; the very structure of life in American civil society is predicated on the slave and its perfection. Africans were taken from Africa and came out in America as Blacks which is an inherently dead identity defined by slavery.

Pak 12
Yumi Pak (Prof of Phil), "Outside Relationality: Autobiographical Deformations and the Literary Lineage of Afro-Pessimism in 20th and 21st Century African American Literature."
Because the four authors I examine focus intensively on untangling and retangling  the nexus of
AND
blackness as being absent in the  dialectic, as "anti-Human."

If politics is white, the best liberation movement will be politically anti-political; therefore the alternative is Black Anarchism. Reclaiming Black social life seems unlikely but we must refuse the notion that White society can produce good absent total restructuring. Anarchist movements are key to Black liberation, ceding authority always risks whiteness coopting it. Alston 03:

~Ashanti Alston (Black Anarchist who was in the Black Panthers and the Black Liberation Army) "Black Anarchism" Speech given at Hunter College. October 24, 2003. http://weblog.liberatormagazine.com/2008/07/black-anarchism.html~~ SF
So, here I am, in the United States fighting for Black liberation,
AND
who can see differently when I am stuck, and thus live differently.

Educational systems have historically excluded Black thought to sustain White supremacy. Your role as a judge and educator is to reverse that – interjecting Black thought is a prerequisite to ethical debate. Schnyder 08:

Damien Michael Schnyder (PhD, University of California's President's Postdoctoral Fellow) "First Strike," https://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2009/schnyderd25688/schnyderd25688.pdf
Ms. Fox's clear disregard for her students belies a racist logic that dehumanizes Blackness
AND
their role is vital to the maintenance of state domination of Black subjects.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JG | Judge: Paras Kumar

satire

Counterplan Text: Public colleges and universities ought not restrict constitutionally protected journalistic speech except in the cases of satirical newspapers publishing hate.

Kowalski 16 Allison. "College Comedy Papers Struggle With 'Political Correctness' Climate." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 May 2016.
At MTU, a Daily Bull article in November called "Sexually Harassed Man Pretty
AND
Bull's funding and to withhold more until staffers had attended Title IX training.

Administrators slash funding to campus publications when satirical papers go too far. Means the CP lets universities single out satire papers while strengthening and legitimizing real journalism—solves the aff.

Kowalski 16 Allison. "College Comedy Papers Struggle With 'Political Correctness' Climate." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 17 May 2016.
The accusation had come in light of recent actions taken at a sister school's comedy
AND
racial slurs — the article spurred UCSD administrators into publicly denouncing the Koala.

Satire is counterproductive to civic engagement—strengthens the alt-right and turns the aff. People don't know when news is fake and when it's real, and now that Trump won fake news has an even broader reach. Solon 16

Solon, Olivia. "Facebook's failure: did fake news and polarized politics get Trump elected?" The Guardian. 11/10/16.
Facebook will need to change its business model if it does want to address these
AND
" that spreads on Facebook, creating a "dust cloud of nonsense".

Trump's embrace of fake news and disregard for truth destroys civic engagement and leads to extinction. Granoff 16

Johnathan Granoff, president of the Global Security Institute. "Donald Trump is an Existential Threat to America and the World." TIME.com Nov 7, 2016.
By invoking a return to an imaginary past and ignoring reality, Donald Trump is
AND
, has suggested proliferating nuclear weapons to Japan and South Korea.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JG | Judge: Paras Kumar

T—Any

Interpretation: Any is defined as every

Your Dictionary NO DATE (Your Dictionary, online reference, "any," http://www.yourdictionary.com/any///LADI)
every: any child can do it

Any is an indefinite pronoun that refers to things generally

Language NO DATE (Online English grammar textbook, Unit 42: - Indefinite Pronouns," http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit42_grammar.htm///LADI)
Indefinite pronouns replace specific things with general, non-specific concepts. For example
AND
anything from the supermarket. - Do you need anything from the supermarket?

Field context – legal restrictions use any to refer to all

Black's Law NO DATE (Black's Law Dictionary, online legal dictionary, "Law Dictionary: What is ABANDONMENT OF CHILD?" http://thelawdictionary.org/abandonment-of-child///LADI)
What is ABANDONMENT OF CHILD? Deserting a child and having no intention of fulfilling any obligations to the child. Cutting off all relations and obligations to the child.

Any refers to all legally – prefer our ev it's in the context of free speech

Danilina NO DATE (S., staff writer for black's law dictionary, "Is Flag Burning Illegal?" http://thelawdictionary.org/article/is-flag-burning-illegal///LADI)
Interesting that the burning of the flag has been against the law until 1969.
AND
decision to award the First Amendment protection to the burning of the flag.

Any refers to a broadening – it expands the scope to include everything

Simon 16 (Cecilia, reporter @ the NY Times, "Fighting for Free Speech on America's Campuses," August 1, 2016, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/07/education/edlife/fire-first-amendment-on-campus-free-speech.html//LADI *italics in original) LADI
Title IX prohibits discrimination based on sex in federally funded educational programs. In the
AND
a protection that such conduct had to be offensive to a reasonable person.

Violation: The plan ends restrictions surrounding specific forms of speech

Net Benefits—
Limits
Topical version of the aff
d. voters

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood RY | Judge: Akhil Gandra

The 1AC misidentifies the problem. Limitations of free speech in colleges are ideologically grounded in safety. The ambiguity of "safety" allows the state to twists its limits of power.

Rampell, Catherine. "The Newest Excuse for Shutting down Campus Speech: 'Security'" The Washington Post. WP Company, 19 Sept. 2016. Web. 13 Dec. 2016. ED
Around the country, colleges have found a new excuse for shutting down free speech
AND
Creates regimes where breaking laws is ok in the name of safety.

Your use of the state causes us to devolve to bare life.

Agamben 2K (Giorgio, prof of phil @ the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p 5-6) ED
Thus, life originally appears in law only as the counterpart of a power that
AND
turned into the exception and included in the city is always naked life.

Your conception of rights is just something the biopolitical regime uses to manage its subjects.

Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 126-128) ED
Hannah Arendt entitled the fifth chapter of her book on imperialism, which is dedicated
AND
(to be born)—thus closes the open circle of man's birth. 

Every action that participates in the political process is one that creates an exception and results in biopolitical control.

Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer, pg. 8-9)
The protagonist of this book is bare life, that is, the life of
AND
the bare life of the citizen, the new biopolitical body of humanity.

By its very existence, law can be suspended by the sovereign, who is outside the law – it is impossible for even the strictest of laws to restrict sovereign power

Agamben 98 ~(Giorgio, prof of philosophy at univ of Verona) "HOMO SACER: Sovereign Power and Bare Life" available online. All parantheses except those modifying gendered language in original. *we don't endorse gendered language~ AT
Juridical = relating to the administration of law
1.1 The paradox of
AND
positive law define the normal case as the realm of its own validity.

The 1ACs conceptions of political discourse are militarized by the police state to create a permanent state of emergency.

McLoughlin 12 ~Daniel McLoughlin is a doctoral candidate in Philosophy at the University of New South Wales, working on the political philosophy of Giorgio Agamben. "Giorgio Agamben on Security, Government and the Crisis of Law", Griffith Law Review, Volume 21, Issue 3, 2012, msm~One of the decisive effects of total war, according to Junger, was the tendency to demolish the difference between war and peace – or, in Agamben's terms, between the emergency and normal conditions. Similarly, Agamben argues that we are currently faced with
AND
perpetuate prevailing forms of life and close down the possibility of the alternatives emerging. 

Timeframe based try or die calculations justify consolidation of power and radical, unprecented violence

Vivian 13 (Bradford – Professor of Communication and Rhetorical Studies at Syracuse University, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University, "Times of Violence," Published in the Quarterly Journal of Speech, Volume 99, Issue 2, 2013, pg. 1, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00335630.2013.775704?journalCode=rqjs20~~#.VGaEkvnF90o)
The ways that authoritative institutions invoke and order time as a means of consolidating and
AND
national borders by citing as justification allegedly temporary episodes of state emergency.3

The state of exception destroys value to life. Extinction doesn't matter if there is no value to the lives lost.

Agamben 98 (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at university of Verona, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, pg. 139-140) ED
3.3.It is not our intention here to take a position on
AND
category.  It now dwells in the biological body of every living being. 

Controls the internal link to war and violence.

Dillon and Reid 2001 (Michael and Julian, Michael Dillon is Professor of Politics in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Lancaster and Julian Reid is a Doctoral Student in the Department of Politics and International Relations at the University of Lancaster , Global Liberal Governance: Biopolitics, Security, and War, 2001Millennium - Journal of International Studies, pp.39-40) ED
For capitalist society biopolitics is what is most important, the biological, the somatic
AND
addition, a further way in which we seek to extend Foucault's project. 

Biopower is the root cause of racism

Mbembe Research Professor Institute of Social and Economic Research University of Witwatersrand 2008 Achille Foucault in an Age of Terror ed Morton and Bygrave page 156-157
In Foucault's formulation, biopower appears to function through dividing people into those who must
AND
he says, 'the condition for the acceptability of putting to death'.20 

The ROB is to challenge sovereign representations. This is key to preventing violence.

Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 93-95) ED

Exposition is the location of politics. If there is no animal politics, that
AND
media, while a new class of bureaucrats jealously watches over its management.

AND, Discursive autonomy is a prior question. Complacency in language render us unintelligible.
Agamben 2K (Giorgio, professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, Means Without End: Notes on Politics, p. 95-97) ED

If what human beings had to communicate to each other were always
AND
exposition of the visage in all its nudity, it is a victory over character—it is word.

Vote negative to endorse the state of whatever being in resistance to sovereign power. Whatever being is the only way to solve. Working within the law only furthers sovereign control of life. Solves case because whateverbeing means that nothing can be distinguished which prevents the state from unequally applying the law and stripping us away to bare life.

Caldwell 4 (Anne, Asst Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Louisville, Theory and Event, 7.2shree)
Can we imagine another form of humanity, and another form of power? The
AND
calls up and depends upon the life caught within sovereignty: homo sacer.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake-VC | Judge: Kaya,Kris

Nuclear Ships are a key part of all major nations' militaries and are essential technology for maintaining naval competitiveness

WNA 16

"Nuclear Powered Ships." World Nuclear Association. N.p., June 2016. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/non-power-nuclear-applications/transport/nuclear-powered-ships.aspx.
Russia built 248 nuclear submarines and five naval surface vessels (plus 9 icebreakers)
AND
US Naval Reactors' facilities since 1958 is 1.03 mSv per year.

Naval Prescence is key to conventional and nuclear deterrence in its ability to provide minimally intrusive and sustained combat power without prompting escalation.

Gerson and Whiteneck 09

Gerson, Michael, and Daniel Whiteneck (Principle Analyst and Project Director at Center for Naval Analyses.) "Deterrence and Influence: The Navy's Role in Preventing War." CNA (2009): 73-74. Mar. 2009. Web. https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/D0019315.A4.pdf.
Compared to air and land forces, maritime power has two inter-related characteristics
AND
additional costs without having to be stationed too close to the immediate battlespace.

Nuclear war leads to extinction

KATEB 92 
~George, 1992 The Inner Ocean: Individualism and Democratic Culture, "Thinking About Human Extinction (1): Nuclear Weapons and Individual Rights," p. 111-112~ 
Schell's work attempts to force on us an acknowledgment that sounds far-fetched and
AND
the form of escalation, can be counted on to seek expression later.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 2 | Opponent: Oak Wood | Judge:
Counterplan Text
“Public colleges and universities in the United States ought to expand the view of sexual violence violations to include revenge pornography as harassment and restrict it accordingly.” Rennison and Addington 14 is the solvency advocate:
Callie Rennison (associate professor in the School of Public Affairs at the University of Colorado Denver) and Lynn Addington (associate professor in the Department of Justice, Law and Criminology, School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, DC), “Violence Against College Women: A Review to Identify Limitations in Defining the Problem and Inform Future Research” Trauma, Violence, and Abuse. July 2014. Vol. 15, no. 3. Pgs. 159-169. http://tva.sagepub.com/content/15/3/159.full#sec-11 SF

The current violence…
significant emotional harm).
The counterplan competes through mutual exclusivity; the aff defends all constitutionally protected speech and revenge pornography is federally protected under the first amendment.
ACLU v. Arizona gives the best precedent. Harrison 15:
Anne Harrison (Student Writer for the Journal of Gender, Race and Justice), “Revenge Porn: Protected by the Constitution?” The Journal of Gender, Race and Justice. Vol 18. February 2015. https://jgrj.law.uiowa.edu/article/revenge-porn-protected-constitution SF

Because the anti…
AND
 newsworthy, artistic, and historical images.”
Revenge porn is the Internet evolution of stalking and begets real stalking. It is constitutively psychological harassment. Robertson 15:
Hope Robertson (3L student at Campbell Law School), “The Criminalization of Revenge Porn” Campbell Law Observer. July 21, 2015. http://campbelllawobserver.com/the-criminalization-of-revenge-porn/ SF

With the advancement …..
AND
post on the websites.
Revenge Pornography is inherently sexist – there is no debate. Filipovic 13:
Jill Filipovic (Journalist) “’Revenge Porn’ Is About Degrading Women Sexually and Professionally.” The Guardian, 2013. Accessed 11/10/14. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/28/revenge-porn-degrades-women SF

Society sees …
AND
and harming them.
Don’t let them say free speech good; discursive objectification of women on college campuses takes away their speech. Turns case. Pinar 12:
William F. Pinar (American educator, curriculum theorist and international studies scholar; has taught at LSU, Colgate, Columbia, and Ohio State), “The Gender of Violence on Campus” Published in Gendered Futures in Higher Education: Critical Perspectives for Change. Edited by Becky Ropers-Huilman. Feb 1, 2012. SUNY Press SF

The culture of …
AND
more stupid questions.

Tournament: Stanford | Round: 1 | Opponent: general | Judge: general
I may read a position about sexual harassment and if that makes you uncomfortable let me know before the round and I'll read something else.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake-VC | Judge: Kaya,Kris

Nuclear power is critical to stop catastrophic warming

Waldman 15 - Susanne, PhD in Risk Communication at Carleton University ("Why we Need Nuclear Power to Save the Environment" http://energyforhumanity.org/climate-energy/need-nuclear-power-save-environment/)
The idea we might need nuclear power to save the environment may have seen farfetched
AND
they provide is typically quite cheap and not sensitive to fuel price volatility.

Plants close, emissions go up, even when the intent is to replace with renewables.

Lovering et al 16: Lovering et al 6/30 "In Most Cases, Closing A Nuclear Plant Is All Pain And No Gain". June 30 2016. Amber Robson and Jessica Lovering. Accessed August 9 2016. https://medium.com/@ThirdWayTweet/in-mostcases-closing-a-nuclear-plant-is-all-pain-and-no-gain-135911655b8e~~#.c3dvjddji. ~Premier~
Recent history backs up this case, confirming that when nuclear plants close, total
AND
plants like Diablo Canyon and the whole venture seems like a risky ordeal. 

Global warming definitively causes extinction

Sharp and Kennedy 14 – (Associate Professor Robert (Bob) A. Sharp is the UAE National Defense College Associate Dean for Academic Programs and College Quality Assurance Advisor. He previously served as Assistant Professor of Strategic Security Studies at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) in the U.S. National Defense University (NDU), Washington D.C. and then as Associate Professor at the Near East South Asia (NESA) Center for Strategic Studies, collocated with NDU. Most recently at NESA, he focused on security sector reform in Yemen and Lebanon, and also supported regional security engagement events into Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Qatar; Edward Kennedy is a renewable energy and climate change specialist who has worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on carbon policy and markets; 8/22/14, "Climate Change and Implications for National Security," International Policy Digest, http://intpolicydigest.org/2014/08/22/climate-change-implications-national-security/)
Our planet is 4.5 billion years old. If that whole time was
AND
investment patterns, and political decisions; it will be hard to fix!