Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carmel Valley RA | Judge: Michael Harris

Part 1 is Critical Pedagogy

We are in an age of organized forgetting; social elites erase critical reflection on painful history to paint history with bigoted narratives that breed racialized violence and fragment any class-based social movement. Evans and Giroux 16:

~Brad Evans (senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol in England) interviews Henry Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "The Violence of Forgetting" The New York Times. June 20, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/the-violence-of-forgetting.html?_r=1~~ SF
Unfortunately, we live at a moment in which ignorance appears to be one of
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counter these tragic and terrifying conditions without retreating into security or military mindsets?

Knowledge is central to any schema of power. Public education's content and accessibility shape the basis of political agency and social worth. A critical model of public, higher education is necessary to recreate genuine democratic discourse. Evans and Giroux 2:

I begin with the assumption that education is fundamental to democracy
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 responsibility from society's moral registers and ethical commitments.

Critical pedagogy demands unsettling education. Motivation for liberation requires regaling the suffering of the past through critical analysis. They embody the privilege of high academia to avert their eyes from reality. Evans and Giroux 3:

~Brad Evans (senior lecturer in international relations at the University of Bristol in England) interviews Henry Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "The Violence of Forgetting" The New York Times. June 20, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/20/opinion/the-violence-of-forgetting.html?_r=1~~ SF
There is a growing culture of conformity and quietism on university campuses, made evident
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emotional response that substitutes a therapeutic language for a political and worldly one. 

Your role as a public intellectual is to vote for the debater who best challenges the grammar of neoliberalism. Authentic critical pedagogy requires structural analysis of political language as a social tool meant to quarantine radical thought. Giroux 11:

~Henry Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals", Truthout. 11/21/11. http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/5046:occupy-colleges-now—students-as-the-new-public-intellectuals~
Finding our way to a more humane future demands a new politics, a new
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a public intellectual as both a matter of social responsibility and political urgency.

Part 2 is the History Lesson

Trump's election was the biggest liberal jaw-dropper since Sarah Palin's political existence, but why the surprisevEdsall 16:

~Thomas B. Edsall (Tom Edsall has been teaching political journalism at Columbia University since 2006. His column on strategic and demographic trends in American politics appears every Thursday. He has been a weekly contributor to The Times online Opinion Pages since 2011.), "The Not-So-Silent White Majority" The New York Times. Nov 17, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/17/opinion/the-not-so-silent-white-majority.html?_r=0~~ SF
Between Richard Nixon's election by the silent majority in 1968 and Donald Trump's stunning victory
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Party insurgents of 2010; and now the triumphant Trump Republicans of 2016.

Our best universities could not predict this election because liberal academia refused the existence of desperate, poor white voters – discourse is necessary to revise the historical narratives that breed lower class racism. Rivera 16:

~Rafael Rivera (EC student at Harvard Business School, worked for McKinsey and Co in Mexico city, Mumbai, and Dubai, and for the World Bank in Cambodia), "The 'Silent Majority' And The Triumph of Donald Trump" The Huffington Post. Nov 10, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/the-harbus/the-silent-majority-and-t_b_12901262.html~~ SF
Against all odds and expectations, Donald Trump won the presidential election to become the
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education. It is time to act before we are forced to listen.

Nixon's Silent Majority is evolving and their new enemy is academia – the white middle class will remain "ignorant and racist" until liberal academia opens up to include their voices. Seaford 16:

~Artemis Seaford (J.D./Ph.D. student in Political Science at Stanford University), "Liberal Academia in Donald Trump's World" The American Interest. 11/11/16. http://www.the-american-interest.com/2016/11/11/liberal-academia-in-donald-trumps-world/~~ SF
Once we process this grief, it will be time to reflect on what happened
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trying in vain to attract the attention of an ever-elusive world.

Therefore we affirm the resolution as a merger of social groups into a site of free and critical examination. Only wholly inclusive education can change hegemonic historical narratives that sustain social hierarchy and establish genuine democracy. Coles 14:

~Tait Coles (vice principal at Dixons City Academy in Bradford, published author), "Critical pedagogy: schools must equip students to challenge the status quo" The Guardian. Feb 25, 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2014/feb/25/critical-pedagogy-schools-students-challenge~~ SF
Students need the freedom and encouragement to determine and discover who they are and to
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one that we must all strive for as the moral purpose of education.

We control uniqueness 100. The alt-right is talking now more than ever and the Trump election means that they have grounding. Bubbles can't beat fascists, only engagement can. Harkinson 16:

~Josh Harkinson, (reporter for mother jones), "The Push to Enlist "Alt-Right" Recruits on College Campuses," December 6, 2016, http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/12/richard-spencer-alt-right-college-activism~~
How much support is there for the loose-knit coalition of white nationalists and
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, Damigo and more than two dozen Identity Evropa members attended Spencer's conference.

We can't turn a blind eye to the language of fascists. It has infected the media as an indisputable social plague, that requires confrontation. Roberts 16:

~Stephen Roberts (writer for political storm), "The Alt-Right: the Good, the Bad, the Ugly," December 2, 2016, http://www.politicalstorm.com/alt-right-good-bad-ugly~~ SF
The ugly. There is also a virulent strain of white supremacism at work within
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," for example—she is peddling those virulent views into the mainstream. 

Promoting student protests is key to the reclamation of the educational space from neoliberalism. Delgado and Ross 16:
~Sandra Delgado (doctoral student in curriculum studies at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada) and E. Wayne Ross (Professor in the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada), "Students in Revolt: The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" Academia.edu. 2016~ SF

As students' collective actions keep gaining more political relevance, student and university movements also establish
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and subaltern), in the production of subjectivities, (and) in the transformation of collective practices" 

Student protests spill over to large scale social movements. Curwen 15:
~Thomas Curwen, Jason Song and Larry Gordon (Award winning journalists who all specialize in higher education), "What's different about the latest wave of college activism," LA Times, 11/18/2015~ SF

Although some of the strategies may seem familiar, it is the speed and the urgency of today's
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incidents of intolerance and racial inequity on the streets of America. 

Underview

liberal identity politics has been commodified by the white supremacists of the alt right.  There has never been a praxis for identity politics except one for winning internet arguments — it's time to abandon it for broad movements against neoliberalism.  Haider 17:

(Shuja Haider is a contributing editor at Viewpoint.  "Safety Pins and Swastikas."  Jacobin Mag.  LEFC Jan 5, 2017)
White nationalists aren't too bothered by protests of cultural appropriation, given their claim that
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position for a nation at war: being unable to identify the enemy.

Tournament: Alta | Round: 2 | Opponent: East MR | Judge: Nicholas Rogers

1AC

Part 1 is Framework

American neoliberal society is contingent on a state of exception where undesirable citizens are made disposable in the name of consumption. The crimes of colonialism have come home and the sovereign protects itself through legal exception. We need change now! Giroux 14 bracketed clarity:

~Henry A. Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "Neoliberalism and the Machinery of Disposability" April 8, 2014. Truthout. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/22958-neoliberalism-and-the-machinery-of-disposability~~ SF
Americans now live in a society in which almost everyone is spied on, considered
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the dead," who remain unaccounted for in numbers and law."~2~ 

Militarism dominates American logic through the cooption of educational spaces, we must reclaim education so students can begin to imagine radically. Thus, the role of the ballot, as an academic pedestal, and the standard, for my political method, is to vote for the best strategy for combatting militarism. Giroux 15:

~Henry A. Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), "Beyond Dystopian Visions in the Age of Neoliberal Authoritarianism", Truthout, 11/4/2015. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33511-beyond-dystopian-visions-in-the-age-of-neoliberal-authoritarianism~~ SF
If neoliberal authoritarianism is to be challenged and overcome, it is crucial that intellectuals
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of the ballot's structuralist approach to politics is best, 3 independent warrants:

A) Materialism

Concrete analysis of policies and their material effects on people is key to effectively crafting revolutionary solutions – identity politics and theory without praxis only ends in solipsism. Taft-Kaufman 95:

Jill Taft-Kaufman, Speech prof @ CMU, 1995,   ~Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, "Other Ways"~
The postmodern passwords of "polyvocality," "Otherness," and "difference," unsupported
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political agendas, institutions, agencies, and the budgets that fuel them.

B) Historiography

A genealogical approach based in critical examination of history is key to productive critique. Absent analysis, historical truth becomes a tool for the powerful to isolate deviancy and punish it. Yates and Hiles 10:

~Scott and Dave; DeMontfort University "Towards a "Critical Ontology of Ourselves"? Foucault, Subjectivity, and Discourse Analysis" Theory and Psychology Vol. 20 (1): 52-75~ SF
Foucault termed his new approach "genealogy": a "meticulous and patiently documentary"
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between individuals ... ~it~ designates relationships" (p. 217).

C) Heuristics

1. The 1AC uses the state as a descriptor. When I say you ought to do some action, I do not sever myself from my identity and place myself in your shoes when I make that statement. It is a belief of what you ought to do. When we say the state ought to do something, we are not the state; we are saying the state should do this good thing.

2. We recognize the state can be bad, that's the point of the aff. Revolutionary politics requires a strategy based in the present for real results, which means we start with the state. Sotiris 15:

~Panagiotis Sotiris (Department of Philosophy, Psychology and Pedagogy, and Communication and Media @ University of Athens, Faculty of Letters, Department of Philosophical and Social Studies @ University of Crete, Department of Psychology @ Panteion University, Department of Sociology @ University of the Aegean), "The Realism of Audacity: Rethinking Revolutionary Strategy Today." November 13, 2015. http://salvage.zone/online-exclusive/the-realism-of-audacity-rethinking-revolutionary-strategy-today~~ SF
Unfortunately, historical experience shows both the catalytic and indispensable aspect of the insurrectionary sequence
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NO. No to pessimism, no to surrender, no to defeat.

Part 2 is the State of Exception

The fiasco starts with Scalia, of course. In Anderson v. Creighton, The Supreme Court privileged federal authorities over regular citizens by making them scot-free from constitutional violations leaving real state violence with no recourse. Rudovsky 89:

~David Rudovsky (University of Pennsylvania Law School), "The Qualified Immunity Doctrine in the Supreme Court: Judicial Activism and the Restriction of Constitutional Rights" Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Respository. 1989. http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3772andcontext=penn_law_review~~ SF, brackets in original evidence
Anderson v. Creighton swept away these decisions and created an additional basis for the
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a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right."

Qualified immunity's foundation in the Supreme Court has historically let killer cops go free. This is why Michael Brown was murdered, but there's no murderer to be found. Chemerinky 14:

~Erwin Chemerinsky (Dean of the School of Law at the University of California, Irvine; he is a prominent scholar in US constitutional law and federal civil procedure), "How the Supreme Court Protects Bad Cops." Aug 26, 2014. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/opinion/how-the-supreme-court-protects-bad-cops.html?_r=0~~ SF
Because it is so difficult to sue government entities, most victims' only recourse is
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how many more riots will it take before the Supreme Court changes course?

This is a genealogy of the state of exception and the paradox of the state; the state creates societal rules and enforces them but removes itself from the public sphere to ensure immunity. This division leads to bare life, the condition that makes police brutality "reasonable". Ziarek 12:

Ewa Ziarek (Julian Park Professor of Comparative Literature at The State University of New York at Buffalo). "9. Bare Life." Impasses of the Post-Global: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, vol. 2. 2012. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/o/ohp/10803281.0001.001/1:11/—impasses-of-the-post-global-theory-in-the-era-of-climate?rgn=div1;view=fulltext
Since bare life is included within Western democracies as their hidden inner ground and as
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life to death, constitutes the "supreme" political principle of genocide. 

Thus my advocacy is the abolition of qualified immunity, police officers should be held to strict liability for their legal violations. CX clarifies possible violations. Bernick 15 is the solvency advocate:

~Evan Bernick (Evan is the Assistant Director of the Center for Judicial Engagement at the Institute for Justice, a libertarian public interest law firm), "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." Foundation for Economic Education. May 6, 2015. https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/~~ SF
Simply put, qualified immunity has to go. It should be replaced with a
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have to purchase insurance to cover any costs in excess of that amount.

Qualified immunity is a state of exception that hides the truths about militarism and halts reform. Only abolition can hold a legal mirror to the lawless state. Bernick 2:

This decision was unabashedly policy-oriented: it was thought
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is granted, discovery stops, and there is no trial on the merits.

Part 3 is the Underview

4. Fairness as a concept isn't confined between us. Education impacts that shift notions societal fairness are a prior question. Delgado 92:

Richard Delgado (Law Prof at U. of Colorado), "Shadowboxing: An Essay On Power," In Cornell Law Review, May 1992.
The debate on objective and subjective standards touches on these issues of world-making
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more closely are paternalistic, and verge on (shhh!) socialism).  ⁿ⁴⁰

Tournament: Voices | Round: 1 | Opponent: Mission San Jose JP | Judge: Heidi Chen

1AC

The detonation of the first nuclear bomb marked an auspicious moment in the lineage of humanity. Humanity assaulted the planet and biosphere with nuclear weapons and they left a mark. This is the start of the Anthropocene, a new epoch where humanity has conquered nature for a modern way of life. Waters et al. 15:

~Waters, Colin N., James P. M. Syvitski, Agnieszka Gałuszka, Gary J. Hancock, Jan Zalasiewicz, Alejandro Cearreta, Jacques Grinevald, Catherine Jeandel, J. R. Mcneill, Colin Summerhayes, and Anthony Barnosky. "Can Nuclear Weapons Fallout Mark the Beginning of the Anthropocene Epoch?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 71.3 (2015): 46-57. http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/BoAS.pdf~~ SF
Seventy years ago - at 5:30 a.m. on July 16
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unit: the Anthropocene, from the Greek words for human and new.

The Trinity Test Site bomb test was the physical indicator of the gradual creation of a dualism between humans and nature. Nuclear science is the culmination of the Industrial Revolution, we no longer live with nature but above it. Waters et al. 15:

~Waters, Colin N., James P. M. Syvitski, Agnieszka Gałuszka, Gary J. Hancock, Jan Zalasiewicz, Alejandro Cearreta, Jacques Grinevald, Catherine Jeandel, J. R. Mcneill, Colin Summerhayes, and Anthony Barnosky. "Can Nuclear Weapons Fallout Mark the Beginning of the Anthropocene Epoch?" Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 71.3 (2015): 46-57. http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/BoAS.pdf~~ SF
The standard accepted practice for defining geological time units during the current eon (which
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analysis and debate of the whole ensemble of stratigraphic evidence currently being assembled.

The logic of the Anthropocene that justified this violence towards nature is the capitalist "modern way of life" based in consumption that justifies the exploitation of resources that creates global warming. Our extinction was guaranteed when that bomb dropped because we can never shed our way of life in the name of nature. Alternative energy makes us feel safe, but distracts us from the core question: why do we need all this energy? Cohen 12:

~Tom Cohen (Professor of Literary, Cultural, and Media Studies at University of Albany), "Murmurations—"Climate Change" and the Defacement of Theory", Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol. 1.~ SF
Warnings regarding the planet earth's imminent depletion of reserves or "life as we know
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"—a sort of, again, auto-occupation that is accelerating.

Even if all anthropogenic emissions were stopped immediately the catastrophic impacts of climate change would still be irreversible, basically we're done for – this is the most recent scientific consensus. IPCC 14:

~Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the leading international body for the assessment of climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in 1988 to provide the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. Currently 195 countries are in the IPCC. It's where all of your statistics come from), 2014 Synthesis Report, http://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdf~~
Many aspects of climate change and its associated impacts will continue for centuries, even
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.5.5, WGII 4.3.3.4~}

The prophetically solvable apocalyptic imageries of climate change that are used to justify nuclear power create a culture of fear and compulsion that stunts our ability to react to the Anthropocene. Our response should not begin with speculative technology that fuel capitalist markets; it should start with what we can do as people to get ready for a world without humans. Swyngedouw 09:

~Erik Swyngedouw (professor of geography at the University of Manchester in the School of Environment and Development), "Climate Change as Post-Political and Post-Democratic Populism," "The Desire of the apocalypse and the Fetishisation of CO2," 7/21/09. http://www.variant.org.uk/events/pubdiscus/Swyngedouw2.pdf**~~ SF bracketed for clarity
We shall start from the attractions of the apocalyptic imaginaries that infuse the climate change
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words (Rancière, 1998), so that nothing really has to change.

Our faith in nuclear power reentrenches global militarism and fascist-like state-run capitalist structures that create mass poverty, Atoms for Peace and Japan proves. Mike 14: Idk about this card, resolve source issue

~Xraymike79 (anonymous anarchist, environmentalist, and prolific blogger), "Radioactive Wastelands at the End of the Anthropocene" June 13, 2014. https://collapseofindustrialcivilization.com/2014/06/13/radioactive-wastelands-at-the-end-of-the-anthropocene/~~ SF
The seeds for Japan's nuclear hara-kiri were planted back in the early 1950's
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living standards deteriorate drastically, and the income inequality gap becomes an abyss.

However, we fear changing our fancy capitalist lifestyle when we could survive off of more traditional means. The culture of fear is used to justify ever increasing levels of consumption in the West that drain the traditional economies of the world of resources – this causes crushing cyclical poverty. Nhanenge 11:

~Jytte Nhanenge (She received her masters degree in Developmental Studies from the University of South Africa where she also spent 13 years researching the connection between patriarchal domination and poverty), "ECOFEMINSM: TOWARDS INTEGRATING THE CONCERNS OF WOMEN, POOR PEOPLE AND NATURE INTO DEVELOPMENT," p.396-397. Published in 2011. http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/570/dissertation.pdf?sequence=1-~~ SF
Apart from preventing satisfaction of basic needs, the Western societies also create artificial needs
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. (Shiva 1989: 13; Mies and Shiva 1993: 73).

The 1AC asks that we do nothing in the middle of crisis. Desires for productivity created warming so in response we should dare to do nothing. No power plants. No turbines. Only solidarity with the notion that we can do nothing to save ourselves can create authentic change. Zizek 02:

~Slavoj Zizek (Slovenian philosopher/psychoanalyst/communist who manages to screw up everyone's day with real talk and funny gestures), "Revolution at the Gates", p. 169-171. Published in 2002. https://kabirabud.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/slavoj_zizek_repeating_leninbookfi-org.pdf~~ SF bracketed for clarity
Indeed, since the "normal" functioning of capitalism involves some kind of disavowal
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capitalist system, in the way the political space and state apparatuses work. 

Therefore I affirm the whole resolution as a site of meditative inaction in the face of crisis, to take on our impending extinction requires us to stopping thinking materially, start thinking philosophically, and learn how to die gracefully. We cannot bounce back from the Anthropocene, we either die in fear wondering how our nuclear plants didn't save us or live authentically and recognize that our way of life confines us to artificial pleasures and metaphysical suffering. This start with rejecting the false hopes of nuclear power. Scranton 13

~Roy Scranton (Served in the United States Army from 2002 to 2006. He is a doctoral candidate in English at Princeton University, and co-editor of "Fire and Forget: Short Stories from the Long War." He has written for The New York Times, Boston Review, Theory and Event and recently completed a novel about the Iraq War…he's also a total badass), "Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene"; November 10, 2013; http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/10/learning-how-to-die-in-the-anthropocene/?_r=0~~ SF
There's a word for this new era we live in: the Anthropocene. This
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to live in the Anthropocene, we must first learn how to die.

Nuclear power is an insufficient response to the Anthropocene. Only a societal outlook based in our personal practices can deconstruct the "way of life" that makes humanity unsustainable. PSR 08:

~Physicians for Social Responsibility, PSR (Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, "PSR has been working for more than 50 years to create a healthy, just and peaceful world for both the present and future generations"), "Dirty, Dangerous and Expensive: The Truth About Nuclear Power." Nov 20, 2008. http://www.psr.org/resources/nuclear-power-factsheet.html~~ SF
It is clear that alternatives to fossil fuels must be developed on a large scale
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renewable forms of energy to build a new energy future for the nation.

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best method to deconstruct the dualism between humans and nature that has been constructed. The imminence of the anthropocene makes this our foremost educational responsibility. Ecological Thoughtprint 11:

~Ecological Thoughtprint (website for educators that promote sustainability education and teach ecological epistemology) "Dualism doesn't make sense" December 4, 2011. https://ecologicalthoughtprint.org/2011/12/04/dualism-doesnt-make-sense/~~ SF
Have you ever asked someone, "Where is Nature?  Where is the environment
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world but out of some autonomous synthetic factory in a distant industrial land.