Tournament: Guyer Wildcat Classic | Round: 2 | Opponent: Hockaday AJ | Judge: Blake Andrews
1-Framing

The rob is to vote for the debater who best challenges conventional thought production  

Critical pedagogy in higher education is central to the resistance of neoliberalism’s ideological domination
Giroux, Henry. "Higher Education and Neoliberal Temptation." Truth-out.org. 09 May 2016.

However, it is crucial to remember that power is never without resistance
...
both higher education and the political and economic system that holds it hostage.

Debate is uniquely key- We must create alternative narratives that challenge the culture of disposability by interrogating what structural change best reverses chronic injustices  
Giroux 2
Giroux.  “Neoliberalism and the Machinery of Disposability.” 2014. 

Before this dangerously authoritarian mindset has a chance to take hold
...
a type of counter politics that shapes society from the bottom up.

2-Inherency

Art shocks people into seeing the world differently, but college campuses are limiting art speech because of the potential offense or distress it might cause
Daniel Grant. “Free Speech and (Offensive) Art.” Inside Higher Ed. 2012.

Tensions over the nature of classroom content can occur
...
prohibiting the placement of “artwork” “on Corpus Christi Church or church property.”

Censorship is the new norm on college campuses- art featuring race sexuality and violence elicit kneejerk restrictions in order to make the campus ‘safe from offense’
White 15
Adam White. “How political correctness at university is threatening student art.” 2015.  Huck Magazine. 

But in a college climate described by The Atlantic as home of
...
whippersnapper with a placard and a clipboard.

3-Harms

Those in power paint critical art that challenges their positions as ‘obscene’ in order to distract from social issues
Warner 1
David Warner III. “Opinions of Administrators, Faculty, and Students Regarding Academic Freedom and Student Artistic Expression.” 1999.  professor of music at Hagerstown Community College. Master’s degree in music education from Towson State University, and a doctoral degree in community college education from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Warner

Why censorship happens The literature related to art
...
 established groups to feel left behind or left out (Dubin, 1992).

Campus censorship of expression creates a culture of silence and isolation that follows graduates into the real world
Greg Lukianoff.  “UNLEARNING LIBERTY: Campus Censorship and the End of American Debate.” FIRE. 2012. 

How, you might ask, would censorship on campus contributes
...
 from subjecting one’s own ideas to challenges.

Punishing the expression of controversial views condemns critical thinking- censorship produces shallow education. Students become convinced their preconceived notions and prejudices  are correct because they are never challenged
Greg Lukianoff.  “UNLEARNING LIBERTY: Campus Censorship and the End of American Debate.” FIRE. 2012. 

The stifling of expression on campus and the resulting consolidation
...
colleges are holding back their students’ intellectual development.

Advocacy

Thus the advocacy: public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech by ceasing to censor and remove student artwork on campuses.

4-Solvency

Warner is the solvency advocate- We have an obligation to protect the right of artists on college campuses of free expression. Controversial art fosters critical dialogue and discussion
Warner 2
David Warner III. “Opinions of Administrators, Faculty, and Students Regarding Academic Freedom and Student Artistic Expression.” 1999.  professor of music at Hagerstown Community College. Master’s degree in music education from Towson State University, and a doctoral degree in community college education from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 

Artists live in a world of ideas which are often controversial.
...
 an accurate reflection of the world of art today.

Art pedagogy is key to understanding how knowledge is shaped within the academy and causes us to think critically about the world outside the classroom
Gadsden 08
Gadsden, Vivian L.. “The Arts and Education: Knowledge Generation, Pedagogy, and the Discourse of Learning”. Review of Research in Education 32 (2008): 29–61. 

At the same time that traditional genres of art
...
 to the formation of student and teacher identities. 

Students have utilized art to organize and create change on college campuses, addressing social issues through art such as race, gender, and the prison-industrial complex
Rhee 16
Margaret Rhee, Ph.D. “ART/ACT” University of Oregon. 2016. 

“Art, Activism, and Popular Culture” (WGS 199) investigates how
...
art and activism at the University of Oregon

Art interrogates dominant modes of thought and transforms our perceptions of the world and people
Thomas 06
Suzanne Thomas, 2006. Art as “Connective Aesthetic”: Creating Sites for Community Collaboration , University of Prince Edward Island

The orientations of my course focus on concepts of art
...
 to create impetus for social change?

Underveiw

Art is entitled to the protection of constitutional free speech, there are three justifications.
Eberle 06
EDWARD J. EBERLE. “ART AS SPEECH” 2006. Distinguished Research Professor of Law, Roger Williams University.

Art speech is, of course, speech.
...
these justifications suggests that art speech warrants protection.

ANY is defined by Merriam Webster as
one or some indiscriminately of whatever kind:
therefore unrestricting one kind or type of constitutionally protected free speech is topical  
Aff gets RVIs off I meets or counter interps

(3 justifications)

Tournament: UT Austin | Round: 2 | Opponent: Connal AW | Judge: Andre Adames
Framing

Small step reforms are key to improving the material manifestations of oppression.  We must prioritize structural changes to abstract social movements

Meiners 11 Erica R. “Ending the school to prison pipeline/Building abolition futures.”Urban Review 43 (4), 547–465.Prof. of Education and Gender and Women’s Studies @ Northeastern Illinois University (IE)

As is the case with many pressing justice issues—

AND

This has specific implications for educators.

Prioritizing actions that stop proximate violence is key, we must understand macro-level violence in the context of its effect on people’s everyday lives 

Cuomo 96 (Chris, Prof. of Political Science @ U of Cincinnati, “War is not just an event: reflections on the significance of everyday violence”, Hypatia, vol. 11, no. 4 Fall (1994))

Theory that does not investigate or even notice the omnipresence of militarism 

AND

it is perpetrated by military institutions and other militaristic agents of the state.

Debate is uniquely key- We must create alternative narratives by interrogating what structural change best reverses chronic injustices  

Giroux.  “Neoliberalism and the Machinery of Disposability.” 2014. 

Before this dangerously authoritarian mindset has a chance 

AND

politics that shapes society from the bottom up.

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the structural change that best resists violent oppression 

In the face of a culture of cruelty, public schools and higher education have the potential to teach the next generation how to resist structural violence

Giroux, Henry. "Why Teachers Matter in Dark Times." Truthout. 2016. 

A culture of cruelty and a survival-of-the-fittest ethos 

AND

students to address them.

Public schools employees are given access to qualified immunity to avoid liability 

Texas Association of School Boards, Inc. 2015 “School Marshals and Other District Personnel Carrying Firearms.”

Claims may be brought against an individual 

AND

inherent in school district’s policies and practices. 

Public schools are expanding their use of School Resource and School Police Officers, who have access to QI 

Perry Zirkel. “Police Personnel and Tactics.” 2010. National Association of Elementary School Principles. 

Seeking proactive ways for ensuring student safety

AND

reasonable boundaries and trigger losing liability litigation.

SROs are the fastest growing segment of law enforcement, but only a fraction have been trained to work in schools and there is little accountability for their actions

Giroux, Henry. "The United States' War on Youth: From Schools to Debtors' Prisons." Truthout. N.p., 2016. Web.

While there has been a great deal of publicity nationwide over police officers 

AND

one cop threatened to shoot students on a bus. 

Thus the plan: Limit qualified immunity by denying immunity to School Resource Officers and School police officers

Qualified immunity allows officers to be protected even when they’ve violated the law, which destroys accountability and allows for unchecked police violence.  Rolling back qualified immunity is the first step towards true accountability and curbing police violence. 

Wright 15

Sam Wright. “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity” 2015. Above the Law. 

Instead, police officers have recourse to the broad protections 

AND

if we want to see justice done, we should push to make it happen.

SROs must be held legally accountable to stop violence against students

Democracy Now. 2015. http://www.democracynow.org/2015/10/28/texas_student_spent_52_days_in

Noe Niño de Rivera, a 17-year-old Texas student 

AND

almost as if they were tasing them for sport.

Limiting qualified immunity allows meaningful judicial scrutiny of police actions and makes broad policy changes possible, meaning the aff’s small step forward is necessary to start changing the institution as a whole

Bernick, Evan. "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." FEE Freeman Article. N.p., 06 May 2015. Web. 08 Nov. 2016.

Qualified immunity shields police misconduct 

AND

discovery stops, and there is no trial on the merits.

General limits on qualified immunity have historically been unsuccessful, a limit based on the type of officer rather than across the board is more effective 

De Stefan, Lindsey, "“No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850.

The Court could also accept that its attempts at a general standard for all 

AND

and be inclined to alter course somewhat. 

Adv 1- the pipeline

Violent policing in schools causes irreparable harms to youth, fueling the school to prison pipeline and robbing children of their opportunity to learn and thrive

Laura L. Finley, Assistant Professor of Sociology and Criminology, Barry University. “An Examination of Human Rights Violations in U.S. High Schools.”January 2011.

Flooding schools with police officers has the direct effect of pushing children 

AND

given worse punishments for the same offenses.

Police accountability reforms in schools limits excessive policing and allows students to learn in a safe and supportive environment

Hinger, Sarah. "Police Accountability Doesn't Stop at the Schoolhouse Door." American Civil Liberties Union. N.p., 2016. Web. 

Police officers, including school resource officers, are increasingly present in our schools

AND

to policing within our schools.

Adv 2- symbolic violence 

Educators construct fears of students as potential criminals and impose repressive policies as a result.  This symbolic criminalization leads to actual criminalization by SROs and cyclical abuse and violence 

Laura L. Finley, Assistant Professor of Sociology and Criminology, Barry University. “An Examination of Human Rights Violations in U.S. High Schools.”January 2011.

Zero tolerance laws and corporal punishment, for instance

AND

and at worst, mistreatment and abuse.

Limiting qualified immunity allows more civil suits to go forward and challenges the notion that egregious police violence is acceptable. Civil suits are uniquely key to accountability. 

De Stefan, Lindsey, "“No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2016). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850.

By beginning to mend the qualified immunity doctrine in these ways

AND

most immediate way to rebuild trust and begin healing the citizenpolice relationship.

Adv 3- safe education is radical education

Critical education utilizes a pedagogy of freedom and so aids in the formation of identities and ideas crucial for undermining oppression and establishing a radical, true democracy.  

Giroux, Henry. “Radical Democracy Against Cultures of Violence.” Truthout. 2013. 

educational forces are crucial to produce the formative cultures capable 

AND

to be thoughtfully engaged and socially responsible citizens of the world.