Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Prosper ZE | Judge: Drew Marshall
The Neg asks us to simply trust narratives. Such moves discount evidence and reduce epistemology to the value we are demanded to place in our sympathies with the authority of the person. When “performing evidence” substitutes for evidence, the appearance of legitimacy dooms the pursuit of knowledge and propagates decadence. I’m not saying that the narrative is false but I’m indicting their epistemological viewpoint.

Lewis Gordon 06—professor at philosophy, African and Judiac Studies at University of Connecticut Storrs—2006 (Disciplinary Decadence: Living Thought in Trying Times, p 28-29)

A striking feature ... of perennial truths.

II. Decadence allows the colonization of methods, thinking, and destroys the possibility of a decolonized ethics of the oppressed to overturn.  

Lewis Gordon 14—professor of philosophy, African and Judiac Studies at the University of Connecticut—2014 (“Disciplinary Decadence and the Decolonization of Knowledge,” Africa Development 39.1: 81-92, 88).

The first is... a similar fate.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Prosper ZE | Judge: Drew Marshall
Interpretation: The word resolved implies a policy.
Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm
Resolution  A legislative ….n nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House  Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) 

Violation—very clear in CX that the aff won’t defend passing a prohibition

C. Standards –

1. Limits— 3 impacts: 

A. Analytic
B. Education—under limited debates make debate impossible for people who have actual lives outside of this activity. Harris 13—

Scott Harris (Director of Debate at U Kansas, 2006 National Debate Coach of the Year, Vice President of the American Forensic Association, 2nd speaker at the NDT in 1981). “This ballot.” 5 April 2013. CEDA Forums. http://www.cedadebate.org/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=4762.0;attach=1655 

I understand that...in the activity)

2. Critical thinking: topical switch side debate breaks down ideology and teaches deeper decision making skills. 

Dame 13, John and Jeffrey Gedmin, Three Tips For Overcoming Your Blind Spots, Harvard Buisness Review, http://blogs.hbr.org/2013/10/three-tips-for-overcoming-your-blind-spots
To fight confirmation ... checks you constantly.

Analytic.

D. Fairness first

1. Unfair activities literally lead to people quitting debate, if the aff is valuable discussion at all it would want to be heard by the most people.
   Speice, Patrick and Jim Lyle, 2003, “Traditional Policy Debate: Now More Than Ever”, Debaters Research Guide, http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/SpeiceLyle2003htm.htm)

As with any ... for all participants.

2. It precludes the AC because the ballot asks who the better debater is and you cannot do that if the AC is unfair. This means don’t allow cross application from the AC because we don’t know if those are true.
Massey et al 14, “Pre-Fiat Arguments”, Emily Massey, Grant Reiter, Geoff Kristof 2/3/14 http://nsdupdate.com/2014/02/03/pre-fiat-arguments-by-emily-massey-grant-reiter-and-geoff-kristof/
Third, pre-fiat debaters …  that pre-fiat layer.

3. Debate is a competitive game, and rigging that game in your favor denies respect for the participants and prevents meaningful discussion of the aff.
Galloway 7
Ryan Galloway 7, Samford Comm prof, Contemporary Argumentation and Debate, Vol. 28, 2007
Debate as a ... time and power (Farrell, 1985, p. 114).

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Grant Brown | Judge: Panel
Psychoanalysis imposes its conception on the anlysand by force if necessary which is a form of colonization – they script any form of minoritarian resistance.
Brickman 3 Celia, Aboriginal Populations in the Mind: Race and Primitivity in Psychoanalysis, p. 192shree
This adversarial configuration …. position of subordination.

They treat those being analyzed as raw material—that replaces material exploitation with psychic exploitation, replicating colonialist violence.
Brickman 3 Celia, Aboriginal Populations in the Mind: Race and Primitivity in Psychoanalysis, p. 201-2
The authority of ….  the investigation. 

Psychoanalysis can’t account for the black body because it assumes a human analysand—the alt recreates anti-blackness
Wilderson 10 (Frank B. III, Prof of Af Am Studies and Drama at UCI, “Red, White and Black”, n* was edited to slaveRW)
Alienation, however, that …..  in the woodpile.

This figures into the production of “Man” as racializing assemblage – blackness is positioned simultaneously inside and outside Man which creates the conditions for the emergence of the sociogenetic demarcation between human and not-quite-human – instead, we should foreground the deconstruction of Man as a category. The role of the ballot is to deconstruct the European Man.
Weheliye 2
Wynter’s large-scale ….. than specific groups.

We affirm Habeas Viscus, a relational assemblage which transforms the hieroglyphics of the flesh into a line of flight, a new type of sumptuous freedom which can interrupt racializing assemblages – whereas dialectically opposing the world of Man only naturalizes it, our affirmation instantiates new genres of humanity
Weheliye 3
Because black cultures ……  apocatastasis of human genres.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: American Heritage DM | Judge: Dan A
Revisionary intuitionism is true and concludes util:
Yudkowsky 08, Eliezer, research fellow of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, The ‘Intuitions’ Behind ‘Utilitarianism, 2008, http://lesswrong.com/lw/n9/the_intuitions_behind_utilitarianism/
I haven’t said much …  things left undone.

Thus the standard is maximizing expected happiness.
prefer 

1. analytics

Tournament: AV RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Cambridge OS | Judge: Panel
The result of the 1AC is the anti-black status quo- the use of legal structures reifies a system that is ontologically opposed to blackness.
Warren 15, Calvin, Assistant Prof of American Studies at GW, Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope, 2015, http://www.academia.edu/21900580/Black_Nihilism_and_the_Politics_of_Hope
This brilliant analysis …  and fantastical ideal. 

The Middle Passage created the ontological category of the slave- civil society is defined against blackness.
Pak 12, Yumi, Outside Relationality: Autobiographical Deformations and the Literary Lineage of Afro-Pessimism in 20th and 21st Century African American Literature, 2012, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h76s393#page-1
Blackness functions ….  death of Blacks. (Red, White and Black 20 – 21)

The demand for legal relief is the perfection of slavery.  
Farley 05, Anthony, Professor of Law @ Boston College, “Perfecting Slavery”, 1/27/2005,http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028andcontext=lsfp –)
The progress of slavery ..choice to not be.

The alternative is to reject the aff and to engage in unflinching critical analysis of the state. We must completely withdraw from the logic of civil society and progress.
Kokontis 11 Kate, PhD in Performance Studies from UC-Berkeley, “Performative Returns and the Rememory of History: genealogy and performativity in the American racial state,” Dissertation available on Proquest
On one hand, she add… what uncertainty can yield.

Tournament: HWL | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT | Judge: Sujay Singh
Epistemic modesty key to real world decisionmaking
Overing and Bistagne 14 Bob Overing (TOC finalist 2012) and Adam Bistagne (triple-major in Philosophy, Economics and Mathematics, coach for Loyola) “Ethical Modesty Part 1” Premier Debate Today August 31st 2014 http://premierdebatetoday.com/2014/08/31/moral-modesty-part-1-by-bob-overing-and-adam-bistagne/
First, ethical modesty ….  utilitarian reasons.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lake Highland AA | Judge: Akhil Gandra
Interpretation: The word resolved implies a policy.
Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm
Resolution  A legislative ….n nor to governor's veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House  Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) 

Violation—very clear in CX that the aff won’t defend passing a prohibition

1. Ground

2. TVA

Fairness First
A. It precludes the AC because the ballot asks who the better debater is and you cannot do that if the AC is unfair. This means don’t allow cross application from the AC because we don’t know if those are true.
Massey et al 14, “Pre-Fiat Arguments”, Emily Massey, Grant Reiter, Geoff Kristof 2/3/14 http://nsdupdate.com/2014/02/03/pre-fiat-arguments-by-emily-massey-grant-reiter-and-geoff-kristof/
Third, pre-fiat debaters …  that pre-fiat layer.

B. Analytics

Tournament: All | Round: 9 | Opponent: x | Judge: x
RVIs must be bidrectional
2. Normative ethic required
3. ROTB spec
4. 1AC Spikes need to be fully fleshed out (voter, violations, paradigm issues)
5. Not reading stupid spikes like neg may only have one unconditional route to the ballot
6. Skep triggers bad
7. NIBs bad/A prioris Bad
8. Descriptive frameworks (like polls) bad
9. Flash, email chain, print, or lose
10. Disclose at least first 3 last 3, tags, and advocacy text(s) in a clear and easy to follow manner within 1 hour post debate
Must disclose plan-text at least 24 hours before the round.
12. The affirmative must specify what constitutionally protected speech they defend in an explicit advocacy text in 1AC.
13. Hidden A prioris bad
14. Must know methodologies of studies (sample size, scope, etc)
15. Miscutting Ev Bad
16. O- Spec
17. Intrinsic Perms Bad

Tournament: All | Round: 9 | Opponent: x | Judge: x

1. RVIs must be bidrectional
   2. Normative ethic required
   3. If they claim RVIs in the 1ac, must spec conditions of RVI
   4. 1AC Spikes need to be fully fleshed out (voter, violations, paradigm issues)
   5. Not reading stupid spikes like neg may only have one unconditional route to the ballot
   6. Skep triggers bad
   7. NIBs bad/A prioris Bad
   8. Descriptive frameworks (like polls) bad
   9. Flash, email chain, print, or lose
   10. Disclose at least first 3 last 3, tags, and advocacy text(s) in a clear and easy to follow manner within 1 hour post debate
   Must disclose aff 30 mins before round (if broken)
   12. The affirmative must specify what constitutionally protected speech they defend in an explicit advocacy text in 1AC.
   13. Hidden A prioris bad
   14. Must know methodologies of studies (sample size, scope, etc)
   15. Miscutting Ev Bad
   16. O- Spec Bad
   17. Intrinsic Perms Bad
   18. If you read presumption in the aff, must spec conditions it is relevant.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 4 | Opponent: Oak Hall KZ | Judge: Alyaa Chace
The starting point of the 1AC is wrong, it is based on the exclusion vs inclusion argument, it takes oppressed identity and grades it against the dominant model. Their notion of equality is bringing people up to the level of the white man, which only continues the hunt for deviancy as it is impossible to completely live up to that standard.
Saldanha 07, Arun Saldanha, Associate Professor of Geography, Environment, and Society at University of Minnesota, Senior Lecturer of Social Sustainability at Lancaster University, 2007, “Psychedelic White: Goa Trance and the Viscosity of Race,”
My disagreement is …. into the universal.

They recreate the oppression they try to fight by creating a war against deviancy.
Evans 10, Brad, Evans is a Lecturer in the School of Politics and International Studies at the University of Leeds and Programme Director for International Relations, “Foucault’s Legacy: Security, War, and Violence in the 21st Century,” Security Dialogue vol.41, no. 4, August 2010, pg. 422-424.
Imposing liberalism has …..  so on’ (Foucault, 2003: 256). 

The alternative is to dismantle the face -~-- this undermines the faciality machines that they seek recognition through and their normative value.
BIGNALL 12: , Simone. “Dismantling the Face: Pluralism and the Politics of Recognition.” University of New South Wales. 2012.
Deleuze and Guattari …..  inevitability and stability. 

The role of the ballot is to vote for the better debate that best interrogates the oppressive politics of recognition.
Maccormack, Patricia “Faciality” http://archeologia.women.it/user/quarta/workshops/spectacles2/patriciamaccormack.htm
I would add to this …  the ‘individual’ face.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison MV | Judge: Lucas Bailey
Practical reflection is an inescapable aspect of agency, multiple warrants
Ferrero Luca Ferrero (University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee) “Constitutivism and the Inescapability of Agency” Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol. IV January 12th 2009 pp. 6-8
3.2 Agency is special ….  closed under itself.15
Thus, the standard is respecting freedom. 

Freedom implies an innate right to determine the course of your actions. In the state of nature, might rather than right governs these judgments. Absent of a public authority, rights violations are inevitable. VARDEN:
“A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” by Helga Varden Chapter from: “Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World” edited by Deirdre Golash 2010
“The first important …  anyone’s arbitrary choices.” (46-47) 

But, seditious speech is never compatible with an omnilateral will and must be restricted. The intent requires the right to destroy the state, which justifies the annihilation of all rights. VARDEN 2:
“A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” by Helga Varden Chapter from: “Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World” edited by Deirdre Golash 2010
“To understand Kant’s …  it is a public crime (6: 331).” (52)

Tournament: HWL | Round: Octas | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Varad A , Rebecca K , Travis F
K
The affirmative refers to the “alt-right”— this normalizes racist rhetoric. The alt is to reject the 1AC representations and always refer to to the alt-right as neo-Nazis.
West 16 Lindy West, 11-22-2016, "White nationalists? Alt-right? If you see a Nazi, say Nazi," Guardian
For months, many ....  ways of thinking.”

Reps come first-- they frame policy discussion
Crawford 02 Neta Crawford (PhD and professor of political science at Boston University) Argument and Change in World Politics, 2002
Representations of a ... a meta-argument.

Tournament: HWL RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: HW CE | Judge: Panel
Part 1 is links

1. The affirmative’s assumption that speech can ever be free ignores economic realities that shape such freedoms in the academic world. It also commodities speech. This turns and outweighs the case- their scholarship can never be liberatory in a capitalist world.
   Chatterjee and Maira 14, Chatterjee Piya, and Sunaina Maira. "The Imperial University: race, war, and the nation-state." The imperial university: Academic repression and scholarly dissent (2014): 1-50.
   Our geopolitical positions—U.S. university system.11

Part 2 is Impacts
 The K outweighs the case - cap causes extinction and massive social inequalities – the aff’s single issue legalistic solution is the exact kind of politics cap wants us to engage in so the root cause to go unquestioned. It is try or die to move away from systems of capital before it is too late.
Farbod 15  ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2)
Global capitalism is …. a point of no return. 

Part 3 is the alt
The alternative is to reject the 1AC’s representations and to entirely withdraw from the logic of capital—individual criticism is key to solve.  The AFF uniquely coopts the movement.  
Johnston 04 (Adrian interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University, “The Cynic’s Fetish: Slavoj Žižek and the Dynamics of Belief” Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, December p259)
Perhaps the absence… , "internally" believe in it.
Part 4 is Framework
The role of the judge is to resist capitalism. Question their scholarship prior to the consequences of the plan. 

1. We must challenge capitalist policies in debate in order to counteract the flawed direction of academics.
   Harvey 11, David (Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York). The enigma of capital: and the crises of capitalism. Profile Books, 2011. Print
   Since Marx’s goal …. capital is about.

Tournament: HWL | Round: 5 | Opponent: Brentwood RY | Judge: Kathy Bond
On campus hate speech and crimes is decreasing in the squo—that means current restrictions are working and the aff is unnecessary at best
Sutton 16 Halley Sutton, Report shows crime on campus down across the country, Campus Security Report 13.4 (2016), 9/9/16
A recent report …  sex offenses and murder.
Hate speech does real violence to people of color and necessarily locks in relationships of domination. Delgado and Stefacic ‘09
Richard Delgado - University Professor, Seattle University School of Law; J.D., 1974, University of California, Berkeley. Jean Stefancic – Research Professor, Seattle University School of Law; M.A., 1989, University of San Francisco. “FOUR OBSERVATIONS ABOUT HATE SPEECH.” WAKE FOREST LAW REVIEW. 2009. http://wakeforestlawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Delgado_LawReview_01.09.pdf
II. OBSERVATION NUMBER TWO: … of free expression.111

Turn: silencing people is inevitable but harassment creates an even greater chilling effect in both students and faculty
Marcus 2 Kenneth L. Marcus, Lillie and Nathan Ackerman Chair in Equality and Justice in America, Baruch College School of Public Affairs, “Higher Education, Harassment, and First Amendment Opportunism,” 16 Wm. and Mary Bill Rts. J. 1025 (2008), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol16/iss4/5 JW
Unavoidably, antidiscrimination law …. suppress academic freedom.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Megan Nubel | Judge: Pembroke WW
We are always bound by our individual perspectives- language is bound by social meaning not some external authority
Parrish 05, Rick. "Derrida's economy of violence in Hobbes' social contract." Theory and Event 7.4 (2005).
The point, as …. as extrinsic facts.

The obligation to reconcile different ideologies values falls upon the sovereign who can assert the normative system.
Parish 06, Rick, Violence Inevitable: The Play of Force and Respect in Derrida, Nietzsche, 2006, https://books.google.com/books?id=YC6OxLoixdgCandpg=PA55andlpg=PA55anddq=the+sovereign27s+job+is+to+be+an+ultimate+definer+peace+is+only+possibleandsource=blandots=3RPGXKlMNhandsig=TjzxedcCuuvmUIpqa5O1ZwqsFPwandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0CCAQ6AEwAGoVChMIuZXujP7lyAIVU9ZjCh3JOgvd#v=onepageandq=the20sovereign's20job20is20to20be20an20ultimate20definer20peace20is20only20possibleandf=false
All of the foregoing …  the natural condition. 

Thus the standard is consistency with the sovereign’s authority
Prefer
1
B. The Neg Framework is inevitable because even if we remove the sovereign, everyone becomes their own sovereign.
Parish 2, Rick, Violence Inevitable: The Play of Force and Respect in Derrida, Nietzsche, 2006, https://books.google.com/books?id=YC6OxLoixdgCandpg=PA55andlpg=PA55anddq=the+sovereign27s+job+is+to+be+an+ultimate+definer+peace+is+only+possibleandsource=blandots=3RPGXKlMNhandsig=TjzxedcCuuvmUIpqa5O1ZwqsFPwandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0CCAQ6AEwAGoVChMIuZXujP7lyAIVU9ZjCh3JOgvd#v=onepageandq=the20sovereign's20job20is20to20be20an20ultimate20definer20peace20is20only20possibleandf=false
But even more …  creator of meaningThree

Cont
Analytics

Public colleges are the sovereign- Supreme Court cases have explicitly ruled
Buchter 73, Jonathan. “Contract law and the student-university relationship.” Indiana Law Journal, vol. 48, issue. 2, article 5, Winter 1973.
“This theoretical mixture … these constitutional rights.”

Tournament: Harrison RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Scarsdale ML | Judge: Panel
Rules of international law define what it means to be a country in the international arena, even if states have different domestic ends.
Terry Nardin, “International Ethics and International Law”. Review of International Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Jan., 1992), pp. 19-30, published by Cambridge University Press
. JStor, Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20097279 .
Any description of ….  a morality of coexistence.

Thus, the standard is consistency with international law.
International law banned hate speech
Matsuda 89 Mari J. Matsuda (Associate Professor of Law, University of Hawaii, the William S. Richardson School of Law), "Public Response to Racist Speech: Considering the Victim's Story," Michigan Law Review, 1989
The international community … of eliminating discrimination.

Tournament: HWL RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Panel
The sale of term papers is blatant plagiarism—but it’s protected under the First Amendment nonetheless.
Duke Law Journal 73, Term Paper Companies and the Constitution, 1973, 1275-1317 (1974) Available at: http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/dlj/vol22/iss6/3
TERM PAPERS AS ….  value to society."

Plagiarism harms the academic environment in universities
Colantuono Florence Colantuono, “Academic Plagiarism.” Explorable.
The written word ….  standing and creditability.

Tournament: Harrison RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge SK | Judge: Panel
A. Trump pushing tax reforms now, but it won’t pass. Congressional Republicans are too divided and Trump can’t unite them
Irwin 4-11, Neil, Can Trump and Congress Solve the Rubik’s Cube of Tax Reform?, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/upshot/can-trump-and-congress-solve-the-rubiks-cube-of-tax-reform.html?_r=0
As Congress and …. the conservative movement (and of Republican donors).

B. Trump campaigned against political correctness and retaliated against the Berkeley protests, which means even if universities are the actor, he perceptually gets credit for the implementation of the aff. It proves he can beat even the most liberal institutions.  
Brown and Mangan 17 Sarah Brown and Katherine Mangan, “Trump Can’t Cut Off Berkeley’s Funds by Himself. His Threat Still Raised Alarm,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, Feb. 3, 2017, http://www.chronicle.com/article/Trump-Can-t-Cut-Off/239100?cid=trend_right. JW
Back in October, …  that was threatening."

C. 2 independent internal links. 

1. Winners win: Presidential boldness creates a steamroll effect.
   Green 10 David Michael Green, professor of political science at Hofstra University, “The Do-Nothing 44th President,” OpEd News, June 11, 2010, http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-Do-Nothing-44th-Presid-by-David-Michael-Gree-100611-648.html JW
   Moreover, there is a ….  precisely what they did.

2. Aff gives Trump polcap- the plan wins over the Ways and Means committee—they see it as bipartisan and it’s a top priority
Jagoda 16 NAOMI JAGODA , 3-2-2016, "House Republican concerned about colleges stifling students' speech,”
The chairman …  said Rep. Tom Reed (R-N.Y.).

D. Trump tax reform will doom millions to poverty- he will cut anti-poverty spending by more than 6 trillion.
Thompson 16, Derek, Things Are About to Get Much Worse for Poor Americans, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/11/things-are-about-to-get-much-worse-for-poor-americans/507143/
In the last eight years, …. throwback to the 1950s.

Tournament: HWL | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT | Judge: Sujay Singh
Promoting free speech on colleges would entail rejecting endowments from partisan donors
Kurtz 15 Stanley Kurtz, senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center and a former adjunct fellow with Hudson Institute,“A Plan to Restore Free Speech on Campus,” The National Review, December 7, 2015, http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/428122/plan-restore-free-speech-campus-stanley-kurtz JW  
Fifth: Colleges and …  should take note.
Endowments are key to college quality – multiple warrants
Leigh 14 Steven R. Leigh, dean of CU-Boulder’s College of Arts and Sciences, “Endowments and the future of higher education,” University of Colorado, Boulder College of Arts and Sciences, March 4, 2014, http://www.colorado.edu/artsandsciences/news-events/message-dean/endowments-and-future-higher-education JW
These broad trends … and more applicants,

Innovation solves great power war
Taylor 4 – Professor of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Mark, “The Politics of Technological Change: International Relations versus Domestic Institutions,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4/1/2004,  DC

Introduction Technological ….  in the first place.

Tournament: HWL RR | Round: 4 | Opponent: HW CE | Judge: Panel
A. Interp: The aff must defend that all constitutionally protected speech in all venues ought not be restricted by public colleges or universities. To clarify, they can’t defend removing a specific restriction on speech.
Counterplans that place restrictions on only specific types of speech but eliminate all others are theoretically illegitimate.

B. Violation:

C. 1. Legal Precision- Multiple court rulings agree- any means all
Elder 91, David, “Any and All": To Use Or Not To Use?,” 1991, http://www.michbar.org/file/generalinfo/plainenglish/pdfs/91_oct.pdf
The Michigan Supreme …. s Accident Ass'n, supra)

2. limits

Tournament: HWL RR | Round: 5 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Panel
Regardless of constitutionality, Title IX requires colleges to restrict hostile speech or lose federal funding.
Bernstein 3 (David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, “You Can’t Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws”, “Censoring Campus Speech”, pg. 60-61,)
Given these constitutional … violations of that ban. 

Federal funding is critical for college operations, especially financial aid
Pew 15 (The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, “Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape”, http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education)
States and the federal …  of public institutions.

Benefactors will quit funding colleges if all speech is protected
MacDonald 05, G. Jeffrey MacDonald Correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor. Donors: too much say on campus speech? ; Colleges feel more pressure from givers who want to help determine who'll be speaking on campus. The Christian Science Monitor Boston, Mass 10 Feb 2005: 11. Premier
According to Hamilton …  who "promote hate."

Cuts to funding for higher ed and financial aid hampers college access, especially for students from low-income or minority backgrounds. This is a huge economic blow because college degrees reduce poverty, crime and a laundry list of impacts.
Mitchell et al 16 (Report published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; authors were Michael Mitchell (State Budget and Tax), Michael Leachman (State Budget and Tax), and Kathleen Masterson, “Funding Down, Tuition Up: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Quality and Affordability at Public Colleges”, http://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/funding-down-tuition-up,
Years of cuts in …  achieve those goals

Tournament: Harrison RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge SK | Judge: Panel
CP: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech except for restricting the tobacco industry from sponsoring social events held by any organization that receives university funding.
Rigotti et al 05 Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, Susan E. Moran, MD, MSCE, and Henry Wechsler, PhD  “US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Use” American Journal of Public Health 2005 January; 95(1): 138–144 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449866/
Our findings call ….  industry’s marketing strategies.

It competes—advertisement of commercial products is protected by the constitution.
US Courts “What Does Free Speech Mean?”  http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/what-does
The First Amendment states, …. To engage in symbolic speech, (e.g., burning the flag in protest). Texas v. Johnson, 491 U.S. 397 (1989); United States v. Eichman, 496 U.S. 310 (1990).

Empirics prove- tobacco social events on college campuses gets people to start smoking.
Rigotti et al 2 Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, Susan E. Moran, MD, MSCE, and Henry Wechsler, PhD  “US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Use” American Journal of Public Health 2005 January; 95(1): 138–144 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449866/
Our study shows …. likely to go to bars.

The impact is massive- tobacco use kills 6 million a year. The tobacco industry targets minorities because they are susceptible.
Ames 15, Mark, s also written for the New York Press, The Nation, Playboy, The San Jose Mercury News, Alternet, Птюч Connection, GQ (Russian edition), and is the author of three books., 2015, "The poor, the …. more cigarettes per $ spent”;

Tournament: HWL | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT | Judge: Sujay Singh
The United States Federal Government ought to require Public Colleges and Universities to not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
Lukianoff 08, Greg Contributor, FIRE “Campus Speech Codes: Absurd, Tenacious, and Everywhere.” National Association of Scholars. May 2008, https://www.nas.org/articles/Campus_Speech_Codes_Absurd_Tenacious_and_Everywhere
Looking forward, however, …  in the coming years.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: George Ranch MS | Judge: Jorman Antigua
The 1AC is an affirmation of the legal system- public colleges is part of the state. Supreme Court Cases prove.
Buchter 73, Jonathan. “Contract law and the student-university relationship.” Indiana Law Journal, vol. 48, issue. 2, article 5, Winter 1973.
“This theoretical mixture …..  these constitutional rights.”

The depiction of progress within civil society formulates cruel optimism- that is another link
Warren 15, Calvin, Assistant Prof of American Studies at GW, Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope, 2015, http://www.academia.edu/21900580/Black_Nihilism_and_the_Politics_of_Hope
This brilliant analysis …  and fantastical ideal. 

The demand for legal relief is the perfection of slavery.  
Farley 05, Anthony, Professor of Law @ Boston College, “Perfecting Slavery”, 1/27/2005,http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028andcontext=lsfp –)
The progress of … choice to not be.

Violence against black people is fundamentally gratuitous and irrational- rational legal structures cannot solve.
Barlow 16, Jr. Michael, Addressing Shortcomings in Afro-Pessimism, 2016, http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1435/addressing-shortcomings-in-afro-pessimism
White people operated … world: racial slavery.
The Middle Passage created the ontological category of the slave- civil society is defined against blackness.
Pak 12, Yumi, Outside Relationality: Autobiographical Deformations and the Literary Lineage of Afro-Pessimism in 20th and 21st Century African American Literature, 2012, http://escholarship.org/uc/item/2h76s393#page-1
Blackness functions as …  death of Blacks. (Red, White and Black 20 – 21)

The loss of culture for the slave creates social death
Barlow 2, Jr. Michael, Addressing Shortcomings in Afro-Pessimism, 2016, http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/1435/addressing-shortcomings-in-afro-pessimism
One of the most …  world without lineage.

The alternative is to reject the law and to engage in unflinching critical analysis of how the state causes anti-blackness. We must completely withdraw from the logic of civil society.
Kokontis 11 Kate, PhD in Performance Studies from UC-Berkeley, “Performative Returns and the Rememory of History: genealogy and performativity in the American racial state,” Dissertation available on Proquest
On one hand, …  uncertainty can yield. 

ROTB is to resist anti-blackness in every instance. Anything else is just intellectual gymnastics to avoid talking about oppression, excluding oppressed debaters.  
Smith 13, Elijah “A Conversation in Ruins: Race and Black Participation in Lincoln Douglas Debate.” Vbriefly. September 6, 2013
At every tournament …  students cannot escape.

Tournament: All | Round: 9 | Opponent: x | Judge: x

1. RVIs must be bidrectional
   2. Normative ethic required
   3. If they claim RVIs in the 1ac, must spec conditions of RVI
   4. 1AC Spikes need to be fully fleshed out (voter, violations, paradigm issues)
   5. Not reading stupid spikes like neg may only have one unconditional route to the ballot
   6. Skep triggers bad
   7. NIBs bad/A prioris Bad
   8. Descriptive frameworks (like polls) bad
   9. Flash, email chain, print, or lose
   10. Disclose at least first 3 last 3, tags, and advocacy text(s) in a clear and easy to follow manner within 1 hour post debate
   Must disclose aff 30 mins before round (if broken)
   12. The affirmative must specify what constitutionally protected speech they defend in an explicit advocacy text in 1AC.
   13. Hidden A prioris bad
   14. Must know methodologies of studies (sample size, scope, etc)
   15. Miscutting Ev Bad
   16. O- Spec Bad
   17. Intrinsic Perms Bad
   18. If you read presumption in the aff, must spec conditions it is relevant.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT | Judge: Megan Nubel
CP Text: The United States Federal Government should mandate that all police officers wear body cameras.
CP solves material impacts of case—empirics prove body cameras massively reduce violence.
Feige 15 David Feige, television writer and the author of Indefensible and spent 15 years as a public defender “Brutal Reality: When police wear body cameras, citizens are much safer,” Slate, April 10, 2015, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2015/04/police_body_cameras_cops_commit_less_violence_and_complaints_are_real.html JW
The difficulty in …of the police.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: American Heritage DM | Judge: Dan A
A . Police don’t pay legal fees, are unaware of complains and potential liability doesn’t alter actions.  QI does nothing.
De Stefan 16 Lindsey de Stefan, JD Candidate, Seton Hall University School of Law, “No Man is Above the Law and No Man is Below It: How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct,” Seton Hall Law Student Scholarship, July 26, 2016 (2017 Academic Year)
The Court specifically … on-the-job actions.101 

Poor communities will be forced to pay for indemnification, turns the case
Phillip 15, Abby, The Washington Post “Why the poor often pay for police misconduct with their pocketbooks.” 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/06/03/why-the-poor-and-disadvantaged-often-pay-for-police-misconduct-with-their-pocketbooks/
There is a …  a study published by the group last year. 

Police spend most of their time on minor infractions to make money—this causes mass incarceration, rights violations and structural antagonism.
Bernish 16 Claire Bernish, (activist and journalist who focuses on government and corporate corruption, freedom of speech, censorship, law enforcement accountability, and human rights) “It’s Time to Imagine a Post-Police World — Here’s Why Abolishing the Police is Not a Crazy Idea,” The Free Thought Project, August 28, 2016
“The police spend … abolishment of police.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT | Judge: Megan Nubel
A. Link- Supreme Court unanimously ruled that Qualified Immunity is legal.  
Totenberg 14, Nina, and Rebecca Buckwalter-Poza, Supreme Court Upholds Law Enforcement's Qualified Immunity, 2014, NPR, http://www.npr.org/2014/05/27/316484853/supreme-court-upholds-law-enforcements-qualified-immunity
In two decisions …. or constitutional right.

B. Internal Link- Aff destroys judicial review- it obliterates the precedent that the government has to listen to court decisions
Nathanson 86, Edmond, Law clerk for Court of Appeals, Congressional Power to Contradict the Supreme Court's Constitutional Decisions: Accommodation of Rights in Conflict,
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2115andcontext=wmlr
In his dissenting opinion ….. source of controversy. 

C. Impact
Judicial Review is key to hold the military accountable- solves extinction.
Kellman 89,Barry, Judicial Abdication of Military Tort Accountability: But Who is to Guard the Guard Themselves, http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3099andcontext=dlj
In this era of thermonuclear ….  of  thermonuclear holocaust.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT | Judge: Megan Nubel
Limiting QI clogs the courts – empirically confirmed – best study., Noll 8’
Noll, David L. "Qualified Immunity in Limbo: Rights, Procedure, and the Social Costs of Damages Litigation Against Public Officials." NYUL Rev. 83 (2008): 911
In the context …. qualified immunity doctrine.53

That breaks the courts, Thomas 16’
Suja A. Thomas. “Frivolous Cases.” 2010. DePaul University. http://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1180andcontext=law-review
There is a focus …. of legitimate suits. '51
Court clog turns case- Overburdened courts hamper effective representation--longer jail times, conviction of innocents, and racial biases means worse injustice.
Brunt 15
Alexa Van Brunt, "Poor people rely on public defenders who are too overworked to defend them" Guardian,http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/17/poor-rely-public-defenders-too-overworked, June 17, 2015.
Money can buy ….  underfunding and overwork.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 6 | Opponent: Peninsula IG | Judge: Lawrence Zhou
CP Text: The Supreme Court of the US ought to do the aff.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 6 | Opponent: Oakwood AB | Judge: Karen Qi
Armenian economy is on the brink right now- they’re falling and one big push would send them over. Petrosvan 8-21 (Susanna Petrosyan, Yerevan. Exclusively for Vestnik Kavkaza, Armenia's government debt leads it to economic collapse, http://vestnikkavkaza.net/analysis/Armenia-s-government-debt-leads-it-to-economic-collapse.html)
The topic of government ….  to $300 million.

Mestamor ban would kill the economy and send Armenia into economic collapse. Daly 13 http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Armenias-Metsamor-NPP-Built-Near-Fault-Line-Gets-10-Year-Life-Extension.html
Ultimately, it is … the Metsamor NPP.

Economic decline causes poverty, studies prove. OECD http://www.oecd.org/derec/unitedkingdom/40700982.pdf
Research that compares …  1996 and 2003. 

And, poverty impact outweighs. Poverty kills millions and is equivalent to an ongoing nuclear war on the poor. Abu-Jamal James Gilligan (Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical and Director of the Center for the Study of Violence). “Violence: Our Deadly Epidemic and Its Causes,” p191-196
The deadliest form …  throughout the world.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley AY | Judge: Monica Amestoy
Link: The affirmative reifies the legitimacy of nation states
Walker 9 R.B.J., Walker is a professor in the department of Political Science at the University of Victoria and is the chief editor of the Journal of International Political Sociology, “After the Globe, Before the world”, pg. 77 – 80
The consequence, however, … into irresolvable difficulties.¶ 

Borders create a mutual xenophobic otherization of those across the border- causeing zones of structural violence that devalue lives.
Bornstein 2(Avram Bornstein, professor @ John Jay college anthropology PhD and masters @ Columbia, “Borders and the Utility of Violence State Effects on the ‘Superexploitation’ of West Bank Palestinians” vol 22, 2002)
Heyman (1998a, 1998b, 1999) has argued ….  have impoverishing consequences

The alternative is to critically engage the border and re-evaluate our norms in relation to the violence they create.  
Grosfoguel 06 Ramon Grosfoguel, Associate Professor  of Ethnic Studies @ UC Berkeley, “World-Systems Analysis in the Context of Transmodernity, Border Thinking, and Global Coloniality,” Review (Fernand Braudel Center), Vol. 29, No. 2, From Postcolonial Studies to Decolonial Studies: Decolonizing Postcolonial Studies, 2006 JW
One of many …  the Eurocentered modernity. 

Questioning the violence of borders is a necessary discussion
Van Houtum 05 Henk Van Houtum, Nijmegen Centre for Border Research, Radboud University, The Netherlands, “The Geopolitics of Borders and Boundaries,” 2005 JW
The second reason ….  at what price?

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lexington KB | Judge: Panel
A. interp: The affirmative must defend countries in general and must not defend that only a single country or some combination of countries prohibits the production of nuclear power.

B. 

C. 

1.  Grammar-the word “countries” in the resolution is a bare plural indicating the resolution is generic.
   Debois 16, Danny, VBI Topic Analysis Sept-Oct, p.11, 2016
   Importantly, “countries”... in should prohibit it.

2. Framers intent- 

3. Limits-

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Isidore Newman MK | Judge: Jared Woods
1
Nuclear power is the only way to generate sufficient energy for large-scale desalination
IAEA 15 -- widely known as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization within the United Nations family. Set up in 1957 as the world's centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies, “New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy,” IEAE TecDoc Series, 2015
 It is anticipated …..the Mediterranean region

Water crises cause escalating global conflict.
Rasmussen 11 (Erik, CEO, Monday Morning; Founder, Green Growth Leaders) “Prepare for the Next Conflict: Water Wars” HuffPo 4/12
For years experts ….wars will accelerate.

Desalination is k2 provide for the world’s growing water demands
Johnston ’15 (Chris, mAY 27TH, staffwriter the guardian on global issues, “Desalination: the quest to quench the world's thirst for water”, Guardian,https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/27/desalination-quest-quench-worlds-thirst-water
The average Briton ….. provide some drought-proofing.”

Water shortages in developing countries reinforces poverty, famine, terrorism, and structural violence – also independently the worse impact because it prevents any further progress Cribb 10 (Julian Cribb is a Fellow of the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. He is former Director, National Awareness for CSIRO and Science Editor of The Australian newspaper. He was national foundation president of the Australian Science Communicators (ASC), president of the National Rural and Resources Press Club, a member of CSIRO advisory committees for agriculture, fisheries and entomology.  He has served as a Director of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), the Crawford Fund, the Secretariat for International Landcare, CSIRO Publishing, the Australian Minerals and Energy Environment Foundation and the National Science and Technology Centre, Questacon. He was the creator of “Future Harvest” the global public awareness campaign for the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Cribb, Julian. “Coming Famine : The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It.” Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2010. 15-6. ebrary collections.)
Some observers also….. t failure and conflict.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Octas | Opponent: West Ranch JW | Judge: Panel
The 1AC misdiagnoses the problem- you simplify racism to a question of bodily characteristics and overall goals, which ignores the social context of oppression. Yamamoto 2
Yamamoto, Eric (Professor of Law, University of Hawai'i Law School; Visiting Professor of Law, Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley, 1999.)., and Jen-L. W. Lyman. "Racializing environmental justice." U. Colo. L. Rev. 72 (2001): 311.
Finally, the established …. race and culture.

This ignores the actual voices of the oppressed- applying blanket statements to all just re-affirms dominant power structures. Yamamoto 99
Yamamoto, Eric (Professor of Law, University of Hawai'i Law School; Visiting Professor of Law, Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley, 1999.)., and Jen-L. W. Lyman. "Racializing environmental justice." U. Colo. L. Rev. 72 (2001): 311.
The framework, however, ….the environmental cause.

 The alternative is to reject the 1AC’s absolute claims and recognize the groups as distinct and varying. This is a pre-condition to any solvency. Yamamoto 5
Yamamoto, Eric (Professor of Law, University of Hawai'i Law School; Visiting Professor of Law, Boalt Hall School of Law, University of California at Berkeley, 1999.)., and Jen-L. W. Lyman. "Racializing environmental justice." U. Colo. L. Rev. 72 (2001): 311.
As part of a ….: genuine environmental justice.

Fiat is illusory- congress isn’t spurred into action by voting aff. The aff is addictive roleplay which breeds self-hatred- turns the case because it means the plan opens up a space for tyranny.
Antonio 95 (Nietzsche’s antisociology: Subjectified Culture and the End of History”; American Journal of Sociology; Volume 101, No. 1; July 1995, jstor,)
According to Nietzsche, …. type of tyrant (Nietzsche 1986, pp. 137, 168; 1974, pp. 117-18, 213, 288-89, 303-

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lexington KB | Judge: Panel
This means maxims must be universal. One maxim that is not universal is assaulting the freedom of others.
Engstrom Stephen, “Universal Legislation As the Form of Practical Knowledge”. (www.philosophie.uni-hd.de/md/philsemengstrom_vortrag.pdf‎),
Given the preceding …..  that same freedom

It is impossible for us to be culpable for foreseen consequences  
Hegel George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel The Philosophy of Right 1820
The will has before …. in the purpose

Nuclear energy is not intrinsically violent, thus prohibiting is a moral transgression. Levendis et al 6, John, Prof in Econ and Finance at Loyola Univ NO, Walter Block and Joseph Morrel, Nuclear Power, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 67, No. 1, pg 43, http://www.walterblock.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/Nuclear-Power.pdf
Let us make a … other such reason.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Isidore Newman MK | Judge: Jared Woods
CP Text: Launch nuclear waste into the depths of space using advanced rocket technology from a quarantined ocean platform. Solves all their waste-based impacts
Salkeld and Beichel write
Acta Astronautica Vol. 7, pp. 1373-1387  Pergamon Press Ltd., 1980. Printed in Great Britain  Nuclear waste disposal in space: implications of advanced space transportation R. SALKELD AND R. BEICHEL

One scheme which ….. r alternative is developed.

Tournament: Voices | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Nueva AK | Judge: Panel
A. Counterplan text: Countries should switch all nuclear power plants to thorium based fuel cycles. 

B. Competition- Aside from net benefits, the counterplan is mutually exclusive. The aff bans nuclear power, the neg keeps nuclear power plants and makes them use thorium. 

C. We can switch uranium nuclear reactors to thorium fuel cycles- solves meltdowns
Anthony 13, Sebationn, Thorium nuclear reactor trial begins, could provide cleaner, safer, almost-waste-free energy, 2013, http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/160131-thorium-nuclear-reactor-trial-begins-could-provide-cleaner-safer-almost-waste-free-energy
At a test site in Norway, … and thermal conductivity.

switch to thorium would use up all of the existing nuclear waste
Rhodes 12, February, Professor Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), “Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy”, http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html
There is much …  human civilization is poised.

We solve the aff’s harms regarding Native Americans--there’s no need for dumping uranium waste on Native American communities,
The Guardian,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/13/manchester-report-nuclear
The uranium that .. consumes each year.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: Isidore Newman MK | Judge: Jared Woods
CP Text: The USFG will reform uranium mining on indigenous territories
The reason uranium mines have been going unchecked is because of the lack of reform--reform of uranium mining solves for all aff harms.
Causey 13 (Frances Causey, Huffington Post, Documentary Journalist and Filmmaker, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/frances-causey/1872-mining-law-obsolete_b_2456346.html
)
In 1872, President ....southeast of Tucson.

We should hand over uranium mining regulation to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission instead of abiding by an outdated law.
Arizona Daily Sun 2009, (newspaper in Arizona, “Reform mining law to deal with uranium mines,” July 25, 2009,  http://azdailysun.com/news/opinion/reform-mining-law-to-deal-with-uranium-mines/article_bd4e70c7-eac8-5ca0-9361-8de6636902ce.html
)
We have two ..... have been passed

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 5 | Opponent: Holy Cross TL | Judge: Erick Bergundo
Nuclear power is resolving emissions now- models show it prevents almost half of the CO2 necessary to stop runaway warming.
Kharecha and Hansen 13, Pushker A. Kharecha* and James E. Hansen NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, “Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power,” American Chemical Society, Environmental Science and Technology, 2013
We calculate that …. global energy supply.
That solves 1.84 million air pollution deaths
Kharecha and Hansen 13, Pushker A. Kharecha* and James E. Hansen NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, “Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power,” American Chemical Society, Environmental Science and Technology, 2013
In the aftermath …. of nuclear power.

Only nuclear power solves – alternative energy growth is unaffected by phase-out but rather by state requirements and is statistically insufficient to replacing nuclear energy
Brintone and Freede 15, Samuel Brinton Master’s degree program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in nuclear engineering and the technology and policy program and Josh Freed Vice President at GMMB, a social marketing and advocacy firm, where he advised the senior leadership of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; regularly advises senior federal and state policymakers, and his work has been featured in The Washington Post, NPR, National Journal, POLITICO, The Los Angeles Times and Wired., "When Nuclear Ends: How Nuclear Retirements Might Undermine Clean Power Plan Progress," Third Way, 8-19-2015, http://www.thirdway.org/report/when-nuclear-ends-how-nuclear-retirements-might-undermine-clean-power-plan-progress,
Unfortunately, our models ….carbon-free nuclear.