Tournament: Golden Dessert | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
1) The normative structure of action can only be explained through a unifying reason for action.
Rodl
Calculation from desire… be doing B.
2.
The authority of reasons is implicit in all normative judgment. Any external source of authority can be questioned into regress— however, to ask “why reason?” is to ask a closed question.
Velleman
As we have… act for reasons.
The exercise of reasons requires agency, but the genesis of such is intersubjective. The freedom of other agents is a necessary condition for the establishment of my own—willing the restriction of another’s freedom requires that I have a reason to deny my own, which is impossible.
Neuhouser
The deduction's second… other rational beings.
One can never restrict the ends a subject can set as their means, because to be human is to autonomously set the ends. To treat humanity as an end requires one to respect the legislative right of agents to use their means as they see fit free of domination.
Ripstein 09
You are independent… there might be.
Moreover, the mere exercise of freedom of speech doesn’t constitute a violation to another’s independence. While it may alter the environment you exist in, I do not subject your means to my own end.
Ripstein,
Sovereignty can only… of their use.
Contention 1: Government legitimacy
A. Free speech is necessary to critique and develop a legitimate government
Varden ’10
It is in… and their state.
B. Citizens cannot consent to restrictions of free speech, which makes it impossible
Varden 2
Free speech is… in this way.
Contention 2: Means to an end
Justifications for restriction treat the speaker as a means to an end
Ingber 84
This focus on… system of expression.
Contention 3: Marketplace of ideas
Even if the marketplace can’t find objective truths-its easier without government suppression-No chance of a turn
Blasi 77
It might be… and open encounter.
