Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
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Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
1AC
The authority of reasons is implicit in all normative judgment. Any external source of authority can be questioned into regress— however, to ask “why reason?” is to ask a closed question.
Velleman (David, “Self To Self”, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pg 18-19)
As we have …act for reasons.

The exercise of reasons requires agency, but the genesis of such is intersubjective. The freedom of other agents is a necessary condition for the establishment of my own—willing the restriction of another’s freedom requires that I have a reason to deny my own, which is impossible.  
Neuhouser (Frederick Neuhouser, “Introduction to Foundations of Natural Right by Johann Fitche,” Cambridge University Press 2000)
The deduction's second …other rational beings.

One can never restrict the ends a subject can set as their means, because to be human is to autonomously set the ends. To treat humanity as an end requires one to respect the legislative right of agents to use their means as they see fit free of domination.
Arthur Ripstein 09 Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto, and Chair of the Department of Philosophy, “Force and Freedom”, Harvard University Press, pgs 34-35, 2009
You are independent …there might be.

Moreover, the mere exercise of freedom of speech doesn’t constitute a violation to another’s independence. While it may alter the environment you exist in, I do not subject your means to my own end.
Ripstein, (Arthur Ripstein, “Beyond the Harm Principle,” University of Toronto, http://www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/Ripstein/beyond_harm_principle.pdf//FT
Sovereignty can only …of their use. 

Free speech is necessary to critique and develop a legitimate government  
Varden ’10 Explains Kant Helga Varden: Associate Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Illinois; “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech”; 2010; https://www.academia.edu/2006079/A_Kantian_Conception_of_Free_Speech
It is in part …and their state. 

Censorship is self-defeating and contradictory
Davis Michael Davis is a member of the Philosophy Department of Illinois State University, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. “Kant’s Fourth Defense Of Freedom Of Expression”, Illinois State University, http://booksc.org/book/14869378
As the first …conceal his wrongdoing. 

Citizens cannot consent to restrictions of free speech, which makes it impossible
Varden 2 Helga Varden: Associate Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Illinois; “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech”; 2010; https://www.academia.edu/2006079/A_Kantian_Conception_of_Free_Speech
Free speech is …in this way. 

Justifications for restriction treat the speaker as a means to an end
Ingber 84 Ingber, Stanley{Professor of Law at the University of Florida}“Marketplace of Ideas: A Legitimizing Myth” February 1984 JS http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2867andcontext=dlj
This focus on …system of expression.

Even if the marketplace can’t find objective truths-its easier without government suppression-No chance of a turn
Blasi 77Blasi, Vincent{Professor of Law at the University of Michigan}“The checking value in first amendment theory” 1977 JS http://www.jstor.org.shs-13.scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us:2048/stable/pdf/827945.pdf
It might be …and open encounter.

Rational error is more non-autonomous than coercion
Walker 09 Walker, Rebecca L. Walker{Associate Professor of social medicine, Core faculty at the center for bioethics and adjunct professor in philosophy at the university of north carolina} “Respect for Rational Autonomy” Published: December 2009 JJS
It is even…view of autonomy.

Restricting free speech is irrational and coercive
Varden 3 Helga Varden: Associate Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Illinois; “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech”; 2010; https://www.academia.edu/2006079/A_Kantian_Conception_of_Free_Speech
There is clear …contradiction with himself

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
The normative structure of action can only be explained through a unifying reason for action. Rodl Sebastian (Professor of philosophy university of leipzig) "self-consciousness" Harvard University Press 2000
calculation from desire...be doing b

The authority of reasons is implicit in all normative judgment. Any external source of authority can be questioned into regress— however, to ask “why reason?” is to ask a closed question.
Velleman (David, “Self To Self”, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pg 18-19)
As we have …act for reasons.

The exercise of reasons requires agency, but the genesis of such is intersubjective. The freedom of other agents is a necessary condition for the establishment of my own—willing the restriction of another’s freedom requires that I have a reason to deny my own, which is impossible.  
Neuhouser (Frederick Neuhouser, “Introduction to Foundations of Natural Right by Johann Fitche,” Cambridge University Press 2000)
The deduction's second …other rational beings.

One can never restrict the ends a subject can set as their means, because to be human is to autonomously set the ends. To treat humanity as an end requires one to respect the legislative right of agents to use their means as they see fit free of domination.
Arthur Ripstein 09 Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto, and Chair of the Department of Philosophy, “Force and Freedom”, Harvard University Press, pgs 34-35, 2009
You are independent …there might be.

Moreover, the mere exercise of freedom of speech doesn’t constitute a violation to another’s independence. While it may alter the environment you exist in, I do not subject your means to my own end.
Ripstein, (Arthur Ripstein, “Beyond the Harm Principle,” University of Toronto, http://www.law.utoronto.ca/documents/Ripstein/beyond_harm_principle.pdf//FT
Sovereignty can only …of their use. 

liberty is a priori justified by engaging in debate. Kinsella stephen (Center for Study of Innovative Freedom) “New Rationalist Directions in Libertarian Rights Theory” Journal of Libertarian Studies Vol. 12 No. 2 pp. 313-26 Fall 1996 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1018797
the first rationalist...to state it

Free speech is necessary to critique and develop a legitimate government  
Varden ’10 Explains Kant Helga Varden: Associate Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Illinois; “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech”; 2010; https://www.academia.edu/2006079/A_Kantian_Conception_of_Free_Speech
It is in part …and their state. 

Censorship is self-defeating and contradictory
Davis Michael Davis is a member of the Philosophy Department of Illinois State University, having received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. “Kant’s Fourth Defense Of Freedom Of Expression”, Illinois State University, http://booksc.org/book/14869378
As the first …conceal his wrongdoing. 

Citizens cannot consent to restrictions of free speech, which makes it impossible
Varden 2 Helga Varden: Associate Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Illinois; “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech”; 2010; https://www.academia.edu/2006079/A_Kantian_Conception_of_Free_Speech
Free speech is …in this way. 

Free speech serves as a check against abuses of power blasi vincent (Professor of law at the University of Michigan) "the checking value in first amendment theory"1977  http://www.jstor.org.shs-13.scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us:2048/stable/pdf/827945.pdf

one basic value...name of the

Abuse of official power is especially coercive
Blasi Vincent
The central premise...power of government

Justifications for restriction treat the speaker as a means to an end
Ingber 84 Ingber, Stanley{Professor of Law at the University of Florida}“Marketplace of Ideas: A Legitimizing Myth” February 1984 JS http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2867andcontext=dlj
This focus on …system of expression.

Even if the marketplace can’t find objective truths-its easier without government suppression-No chance of a turn
Blasi 77Blasi, Vincent{Professor of Law at the University of Michigan}“The checking value in first amendment theory” 1977 JS http://www.jstor.org.shs-13.scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us:2048/stable/pdf/827945.pdf
It might be …and open encounter.

Rational error is more non-autonomous than coercion
Walker 09 Walker, Rebecca L. Walker{Associate Professor of social medicine, Core faculty at the center for bioethics and adjunct professor in philosophy at the university of north carolina} “Respect for Rational Autonomy” Published: December 2009 JJS
It is even…view of autonomy.

Restricting free speech is irrational and coercive
Varden 3 Helga Varden: Associate Professor of Philosophy Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Illinois; “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech”; 2010; https://www.academia.edu/2006079/A_Kantian_Conception_of_Free_Speech
There is clear …contradiction with himself

Underview

Free speech serves as a check against abuses of power blasi vincent (Professor of law at the University of Michigan) "the checking value in first amendment theory"1977  http://www.jstor.org.shs-13.scarsdaleschools.k12.ny.us:2048/stable/pdf/827945.pdf

one basic value...name of the

Abuse of official power is especially coercive
Blasi Vincent
The central premise...power of government