Tournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All

AFF Structural Violence

My standard is structural violence 

We must listen to those oppressed outside our scope of justice

Winter and Leighton 01, D. D., and Leighton, D. C. (2001). Structural violence. In D. J. Christie, R. V. Wagner, and D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century. New York: Prentice-Hall. CM
Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about 

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thinking can be fostered by relationships, communication, and appreciation of diversity.

Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimizes oppression.

Curry 14, Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 

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used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.

Morality is based on response to problems in the world, which justifies focus on resolving material conditions of violence.

Pappas 16, Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 ~Texas AandM University~ "The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice", The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016, BE
In Experience and Nature, Dewey names the empirical way of doing philosophy the "

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that is, provide a diagnosis and a solution specific to each patient.

Plan Text: Countries ban the production of uranium powered nuclear reactors through nuclear decommissioning

Contention 1 Black Communities

Our current way of thinking views blacks as expendable and need for less protection than affluent whites

Dean 1, Deborah. "Contamination Running Deep: Oral Histories of Environmental Racism, Injustice, and Outrage of One Family in a Southern African-American Community." Georgia Southern University, Spring 2011. http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1533andcontext=etd.**
If a community happens to be poor, politically powerless, or inhabited largely by 

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who lack health insurance and access to affordable, good quality medical facilities. 

The injustice happens throughout society and causes series of health problems

Dean 2, Deborah. "Contamination Running Deep: Oral Histories of Environmental Racism, Injustice, and Outrage of One Family in a Southern African-American Community." Georgia Southern University, Spring 2011. http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1533andcontext=etd.**
Before the contamination, Hyde Park stood to gain so much just as it had 

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that cause cancers, respiratory problems, skin disorders, and poorly educated children

Black communities have yet to achieve genuine equality and human justice; The inequitable environmental distributions have collapsed communities and causes a perpetual cycle.

Dean 3, Deborah. "Contamination Running Deep: Oral Histories of Environmental Racism, Injustice, and Outrage of One Family in a Southern African-American Community." Georgia Southern University, Spring 2011. http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1533andcontext=etd.**
Unfortunately, for us the reality is that we all live in a society that 

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watching the evidence change‖ (Wallis, 2004, p.203).

Contention 2 Indigenous Communities

The legacy of institutional racism has neglected the basic needs of the natives

Bullard 01, Robert. "Confronting Environmental Racism in the 21st Century." United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, September 2001. http://courses.arch.vt.edu/courses/wdunaway/gia5524/bullard.pdf.**
Reservations have been targeted as sites for 16 proposed nuclear waste dumps. Over 100 

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inadequate education and health care, and a host of other social problems. 

And governments are turning a blind eye

Bullard 01, Robert. "Confronting Environmental Racism in the 21st Century." United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, September 2001. http://courses.arch.vt.edu/courses/wdunaway/gia5524/bullard.pdf.**
The U.S. is the dominant economic and military force in the world
AND
). Some communities are routinely poisoned while the government looks the other way. 

This undermines structural violence in 2 ways

First, Without ending nuclear power, we distance ourselves from natives and their relationship and history with the land.

NIRS 01 Environmental Racism, Tribal Sovereignty, and Nuclear Waste http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pfsejfactsheet.htm
Having lost its bid to "temporarily" store its deadly wastes on Western Shoshone 

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that struggle for Native American environmental justice against corporate greed and environmental racism.

Second is Restriction of soverignty rights

Lopez 04, Bayley. "Bayley Lopez,." RADIOACTIVE RESERVATION: THE UPHILL BATTLE TO KEEP NUCLEAR WASTE OFF NATIVE AMERICAN LAND. Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 1 Sept. 2004. Web. 09 Aug. 2016. https://www.wagingpeace.org/author/bayley-lopez/. 
The issue of nuclear waste has played a key role in obscuring the definition of 

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the United States government can choose when they wish to give them sovereignty.

Nuclear power production exacerbates material violence against indigenous peoples, reproducing the same violence they suffered when they were ripped off their lands.

Endres 1
~Danielle Endres (—-), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision" Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2009, pp.39-60~
Before attending to the rhetorical nature of nuclear colonialism, it is important to emphasize 

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contaminated soil and water, which could harm animal and plant life.15
 

And, in the status quo, discussion of nuclear power purposely denies the lived experiences of indigenous peoples in the face of nuclear energy violence.

Endres 2
~Danielle Endres (—-), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision" Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2009, pp.39-60~
Colonialism in all its forms is dependent on the discursive apparatus that sustains it. 

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for the benefit of the colonizer at the expense of their colonial targets.
 

Reorientation of nuclear power must be the first step to demolishing the power structures.

Endres 3
~Danielle Endres (—-), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision" Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2009, pp.39-60~
Because American Indian arguments raise issues of fairness, treaty rights, legal protection for 

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negation, or silence, we are told, is never complete.’’82
 

A nuclear phase-out decrease uranium mining- empirics are on our side

Schmid 15 (Schmid, Sonja. "Producing Power: The Pre-Chernobyl History of the Soviet Nuclear Industry," 400. MIT Press, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=dMzVBgAAQBAJanddq=phase-out+of+nuclear+power+decreases+uranium+miningandsource=gbs'navlinks's.)**
Political transitions like the collapse of the Soviet Union tend to remind us how fragile 

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uranium mining organizations and about half of the previously Soviet nuclear power plants. 

~Smith~ Confronting oppression is the obligation of everyone in round. This is our primary concern as only liberation politics can make LD truly inclusive and liberatory-

Smith
Elijah Smith ~Debate coach~ "A Conversation in Ruins: Race and Black Participation in Lincoln Douglas Debate", Victory Briefs, 9/4/13, http:vbriefly.com/2013/09/06/20139a-conversation-in-ruins-race-and-black-participation-in-lincoln-douglas-debate/ Accessed: 12/8/15, Pp 1-3
It will be uncomfortable, it will be hard, and i~I~

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, or to force debate to deal with the truth of their perspectives.

A focus on the production and prevention of environmental racism is necessary

Newell 05, Peter. "Race, Class and the Global Politics ofEnvironmental Inequality." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/media/1304/race252C2520clas252C2520env2520inequality.pdf**
Often what start as campaigns about particular siting decisions becomestruggles over decision-making processes 

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, however, requires a focus on the production and prevention of injustices."

We must focus on solutions that permenantly or signifcantly reduce waste when examining the injustice

Guana 95, Eileen. "Federal Environmental Citizen Provisions: Obstacles and Incentives on the Road to Environmental Justice." Ecology Law Quarterly, January 1995. http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1504andcontext=elq.**
Professor Jarman points out that this unfortunate provision has a silver lining. Sometimes, 

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§ 9621(b)(1) (1988) (emphasis added). 

And Decommissioning solves for nuclear waste

Becker 16, Tara. "Process to Close Nuclear Plant Will Take Years, Officials Say." Quad-City Times, June 2, 2016. http://qctimes.com/news/local/process-to-close-nuclear-plant-will-take-years-officials-say/article'efc5d953-c206-5315-a229-bb5b9b211936.html.**
Once the fuel is removed from the reactor, the company can no longer operate 

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level that permits release of the property and termination of the NRC license.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: La Costa Canyon AT | Judge: 

Environmental Justice AC

Part 1 is Framework

People are inherently equal at birth, so systemic exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due, therefore we must listen to those oppressed outside our scope of justice

Winter and Leighton 01, D. D., and Leighton, D. C. (2001). Structural violence. In D. J. Christie, R. V. Wagner, and D. D. Winter (Eds.), Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century. New York: Prentice-Hall. CM
Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about 

AND

thinking can be fostered by relationships, communication, and appreciation of diversity.

Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimizes oppression.

Curry 14, Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real 

AND

used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.

Morality is based on response to problems in the world, which justifies focus on resolving material conditions of violence.

Pappas 16, Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 ~Texas AandM University~ "The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice", The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016, BE
In Experience and Nature, Dewey names the empirical way of doing philosophy the "

AND

that is, provide a diagnosis and a solution specific to each patient.

Thus, my standard is promoting social equality. Promoting Social Equality means increasing all peoples’ ability to have a say in the conditions that govern them.

We must look at the social equality of all beings

Cummiskey 90 (David Cummiskey 90 Associate prof of philo @ UChicago, "Kantian Consequentialism", University of Chicago Press, Ethics, Vol. 100, No. 3 (Apr., 1990), pp. 586-615, BE,  http://cms-content.bates.edu/prebuilt/kantian.pdf)**
We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice 

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which dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake of others. 

Part 2 is the Advocacy

Thus I affirm: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power reactors by phasing-out

====Lucas 12 (Caroline Lucas ~an British politician, and since 2 September 2016, Co-Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales~, 2-17-2012, "Why we must phase out nuclear power," Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/feb/17/phase-out-nuclear-power MG)====
The inherent risk in the use of nuclear energy, as well as the related 

AND

fear of losing their power tend to follow the majority of their citizens. 

Prohibition is key to sustainable energy

Sharpe 08 (Sharpe, Virginia. "‘Clean’ Nuclear Energy? Global Warming, Public Health, and Justice." Biomedsearch, July 1, 2008. http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/Clean-nuclear-energy-Global-warming/187426897.html.)**
Remedies for the toxic pollution of tribal lands, however, have lagged far behind

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and protections built into nuclear energy policy, they are likely to continue.

First is The war against workers

Nuclear power exposes workers to dangerous radiation – workers are exploited by the state, that falsifies information.

Alldred 09 (Alldred, Mary and Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Volume 2, Number 2, 2009.)
In stages (2)–(5) of the nuclear fuel cycle, tens of 

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allowable, annual occupational-radiation dose of 50 mSv.20,21

In fact, states often try to minimize Nuclear Powers’ real risks to create a false sense of security.

Cousins notes (Cousins, Elicia Researcher, Carleton College, Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta. "Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice." Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project, no date.) 
Those who experience a nuclear accident suddenly find themselves subject to various pressures regarding what 

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a letter written by a village schoolteacher and evacuee from the Chernobyl zone:

Shift away from nuclear is inevitable due to decreasing uranium supply – banning nuclear power is key to ensure renewable jobs and grow the industry now. No Phase-out will jeapordize energy transition and jobs

Schönau ("100 Good Reasons Against Nuclear Power." Elektrizitätswerke Schönau, nd. https://www.100-gute-gruende.de/pdf/g100rs'en.pdf.)**
~#94 Renewable energy 100 per cent renewable energy generation is possible. Even today

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companies that have been obstructing renewable energies and energy saving efforts for decades.

Phase-out empirically leads to a full shift to renewables- Europe proves

Shankleman 16 (Jessica Shankleman, 5-16-2016, "Germany Just Got Almost All of Its Power From Renewable Energy," Bloomberg, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-16/germany-just-got-almost-all-of-its-power-from-renewable-energy)**
Clean power supplied almost all of Germany’s power demand for the first time on Sunday

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that can manage this oversupply — for example more interconnectors or energy storage."

Second is Indigenous Communities

Nuclear power production through uranium mining exacerbates material violence against indigenous peoples

Endres 09 ~Danielle Endres (—-), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision" Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies Vol. 6, No. 1, March 2009, pp.39-60~
Before attending to the rhetorical nature of nuclear colonialism, it is important to emphasize 

AND

contaminated soil and water, which could harm animal and plant life.15

And, The negative health conditions are tremendous from the radiation levels produced by uranium mining

Sharpe 08 (Sharpe, Virginia. "‘Clean’ Nuclear Energy? Global Warming, Public Health, and Justice." Biomedsearch, July 1, 2008. http://www.biomedsearch.com/article/Clean-nuclear-energy-Global-warming/187426897.html.)**
The legacy of uranium mining in Navajo lands provides a cautionary tale. Between 1944 

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is twenty-eight times greater than Navajos not exposed to uranium.7

Next, This cycle of violence perpetuates itself all around the world

Alldred 09 (Alldred, Mary and Shrader-Frechette, Kristin. Environmental Injustice in Siting Nuclear Plants ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Volume 2, Number 2, 2009.)
At stage (1), mining uranium, in most major uranium- producing nations 

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other people would be allowed to receive higher, even fatal, doses.⁶

Uranium mining has genocidal impacts and even disrupts the food chain impacting the ecosystem.

Winkler 02 (Winkler, Philippa. "Unprofessional Women? Activism Against the Pursuit of Capital, Uranium Mining and ‘Depleted’ Uranium." ASU Women’s Studies, 2002. https://msu.edu/~~wlfgr/winkler'p.pdf.)**
But uranium poisoning does not stop at the borders, it spreads regardless of gender

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overriding goal of ending the "unjust, inequitable capitalist structure of society."

But empirics prove a nuclear phase-out decreases uranium mining

Schmid 15 (Schmid, Sonja. "Producing Power: The Pre-Chernobyl History of the Soviet Nuclear Industry," 400. MIT Press, 2015. https://books.google.com/books?id=dMzVBgAAQBAJanddq=phase-out+of+nuclear+power+decreases+uranium+miningandsource=gbs'navlinks's.)**
Political transitions like the collapse of the Soviet Union tend to remind us how fragile 

AND

uranium mining organizations and about half of the previously Soviet nuclear power plants.