Tournament: All | Round: Quads | Opponent: x | Judge: x
The affirmative must defend an advocacy mandated only by the resolution.

The affirmative must defend an implementable policy action in order to be topical.

The affirmative can only defend a general interpretation of the resolution.

The affirmative must defend that no constitutionally protected speech can be restricted.

Debaters must, on the page with their name and the school they attend, disclose all taglines, full citations, and the first and last three words of the pieces of evidence read in their cases on the 2016-2017 NDCA LD wiki at least half an hour before the round if they have read that case before.

Tournament: UNLV Golden Desert | Round: 1 | Opponent: Palo Alto FZ | Judge: Michael OKrent
Debaters must, on the page with their name and the school they attend, disclose all taglines, full citations, and the first and last three words of the pieces of evidence read in their cases on the 2016-2017 NDCA LD wiki at least half an hour before the round if they have read that case before.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Rebecca Kuang
CP Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought to adopt the Davis standard. 

It competes – still a restriction on speech but simply clarifies what constitutes as harassment

Inherency and solvency advocate – The Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) has been enforcing speech codes but adopting the Davis standard will clearly define harassment – clarity is missing now. Lukianoff 12.
Lukianoff, Greg. "Clear Campus Rules Needed on 'harassment'" The Washington Post. WP Company, 5 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Dec. 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/clear-campus-rules-needed-on-harassment/2012/01/01/gIQATjHfdP_story.html?utm_term=.72237c11c496.
Activists embarked on a campaign in the 1980s to eradicate hurtful, bigoted and politically 

AND

the development of creative, critical and innovative thinkers on our nation’s campuses.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Rebecca Kuang
CP Text: Public colleges and universities ought to ban free speech zones.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: San Marino KW | Judge: Bob Overing
CP Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected internet speech except for hate speech.

It competes – the aff doesn’t restrict any speech. The CP restricts hate speech.

Solvency advocate – No slippery slope with the CP. McElwee 13
McElwee 13: Sean McElwee. “The Case for Censoring Hate Speech.” July 12, 2013. Alternet. http://www.alternet.org/civil-liberties/case-censoring-hate-speech.
For the past few years speech has moved online, leading to fierce debates about 

AND

-gender, multi-sexually-oriented society, and it can.

It’s try or die for the CP – leaving racism unaddressed will only make things worse; a proactive approach is key to solve. Garcia 10.
Garcia, Edelmira. "Perpetuating Racism Through The Freedom Of Speech." Center on Democracy in a Multiracial Society. Ch. 5. Pg. 79. 2010. Web. December 20, 2016. nhs-VA
Undoubtedly, there are challenges that will arise when trying to create a campus climate 

AND

in these changes, and have the responsibility to continue to do so.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Rebecca Kuang
CP Text: Public colleges and universities ought to enact policies that mitigate the effects of or reverse entirely Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier.

It solves – the entirety of the aff and doesn’t link to any disads. 

Inherency – United States Courts 03 (page maintained as an educational resource)
"Facts and Case Summary - Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier." United States Courts. N.p., 2003. Web. 04 Jan. 2017. http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/facts-and-case-summary-hazelwood-v-kuhlmeier.//nhs-VA
Students enrolled in the Journalism II class at Hazelwood East High School were responsible for 

AND

Dissenting Opinion: Justice Brennan (joined by Justices Marshall and Blackmun dissenting)

The legal justification for newspaper censorship applied Hazelwood to universities-this allows unchecked arbitrary censorship by administrators. Goodman 05
( S. Mark Goodman, Michael C. Hiestand, Student Press Law Center 2005 WL 2736314 (U.S.) (Appellate Petition, Motion and Filing) Supreme Court of the United States. Margaret L. HOSTY, Jeni S. Porche, and Steven P. Barba, Petitioners, v. Patricia CARTER, Respondent. No. 05-377. October 20, 2005. On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit Brief of Amici Curiae Student Press Law Center, Associated Collegiate Press, College Media Advisers, Community College Journalism Association, Society for Collegiate Journalists, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, American Society of Newspaper Editors, National Newspaper Association, Newspaper Association of America, Society of Professional Journalists, Associated Press Managing Editors, College Newspaper Business and Advertising Managers, National Federation of Press Women, National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association and the Independent Press Association/Campus Journalism Project in Support of Petition of Margaret L. Hosty, Jeni S. Porche, and Steven P. Barba for Writ of Certiorari Of Counsel: S. Mark Goodman, Michael C. Hiestand, Student Press Law Center, 1101 Wilson Blvd., Ste 1100, Arlington, VA 22209-2211, (703) 807-1904. Richard M. Goehler, (Counsel of Record), Frost Brown Todd LLC, 2200 PNC Center, 201 East Fifth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, (513) 651-6800, Counsel for Amici Curiae.)
In contrast to many high school censorship incidents, public college administrators today are less 

AND

censorship of college and university student newspapers to be the legacy of Hazelwood.

Inherency and solvency advocate – Hazelwood is being applied to colleges now and spells defeat for student activism through journalism. Reimold 13
Reimold, Daniel. "8 Ways a Landmark Supreme Court Ruling Has Changed Student Journalism." Poynter. Poynter, 21 Feb. 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. http://www.poynter.org/2013/8-ways-a-landmark-supreme-court-ruling-has-changed-student-journalism/204792/. nhs-VA
“When Hazelwood was first decided back in 1988 there was this long period where 

AND

public policy until the decision-makers perceive there is a widespread problem.”

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Rebecca Kuang
There’s a contradiction within government policy --- restricting free speech may be unconstitutional, but not doing so causes public colleges to lose federal funding under Title IX. Bernstein 3
Bernstein 3 (David E. Bernstein – George Mason University Foundation Professor of Law with a focus on constitutional history, “You Can’t Say That: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws”, “Censoring Campus Speech”, https://books.google.com/books?id=zU2QAAAAQBAJandpg=PA60andlpg=PA60anddq=public+colleges+could+lose+funding+if+they+allow+for+racistsandsource=blandots=W67N5E3bznandsig=xXeBW8YaTy_Ilb34MIbu-grciy4andhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiBoqTkn_nQAhVBjFQKHcc7CIkQ6AEITDAI#v=onepageandq=public20colleges20could20lose20funding20if20they20allow20for20racistsandf=false, pg. 60-61,)
Given these constitutional barriers, public university speech codes were on the way out until 

AND

Amendment, then so can they. Unfortunately, they may be right.
Federal funding is used to maintain financial aid resources and colleges are only growing more dependent on it as state funding goes down. Pew 15
Pew 15 (The Pew Charitable Trusts – compiles evidence and non-partisan analysis to inform the public and create better public policy, “Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape”, http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education)
States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but 

AND

, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions.
The only thing keeping graduation rates stable is financial aid --- allows students to study full-time, encourages academic progress, and is the only way low-income students can afford to enroll. Johnson 14
Johnson 14 (Hans Johnson – supported by the College Access Foundation of California and writing for the Public Policy Institute of California, “Making College Possible for Low-Income Students: Grant and Scholarship Aid in California”, http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_1014HJR.pdf, pg. 20-24)
Students fail to complete college for many reasons, including financial constraints. Certainly it 

AND

earn a degree if they first enroll at a four-year college.
State cuts have led tuition to spike harming the ability to students to enter college, especially those who come from low income backgrounds or are people of color –a college degree is a crucial internal link to working in a skilled job, decreasing health care costs, and bringing greater wealth to local communities. Mitchell et al 16
Mitchell et al 16 (Report published by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities; authors were Michael Mitchell (State Budget and Tax), Michael Leachman (State Budget and Tax), and Kathleen Masterson, “Funding Down, Tuition Up: State Cuts to Higher Education Threaten Quality and Affordability at Public Colleges”, http://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/funding-down-tuition-up)
Years of cuts in state funding for public colleges and universities have driven up tuition 

AND

the start of the recession will make it more difficult to achieve those goals

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Rebecca Kuang
Right now professor speech gets protected under the first amendment. Marcus 08
Kenneth L  Marcus Lillie and Nathan Ackerman Chair in Equality and Justice in America, Baruch College¶ School of Public Affairs. "Higher Education, Harassment, and First Amendment Opportunism." Wm. and Mary Bill Rts. J. 16 (2007): 1025.
These incidents highlight a puzzling phenomenon in contemporary constitutional¶ culture. The puzzle has 

AND

have been subjected to¶ frequent, intense challenge as of late.37z
Successful lawsuits force school accountability to fight harassment. Silbaugh 15

Silbaugh, Katharine Law Alumni Scholar¶ BA magna cum laude, Amherst College¶ JD with high honors and Order of the Coif, University of Chicago¶ . "Reactive to Proactive: Title IX's Unrealized Capacity to Prevent Campus Sexual Assault." BUL Rev. 95 (2015): 1049.
In March of 2013, President Obama signed a re-authorization of the¶ 

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far into the¶ weeds on responses without adequately directing them toward prevention.

AFF causes a snowball effect that makes first amendment defenses impossible to beat. Schauer 04
Schauer, Frederick David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law. "The boundaries of the First Amendment: A preliminary exploration of constitutional salience." Harvard Law Review (2004): 1765-1809.
In addition to the properties of First Amendment claims that may¶ make them less 

AND

dissent,'68 acknowledged¶ that the First Amendment was not totally irrelevant. 

Harassment cases persist because of a lack of clarity in requirements – a commitment to accountability is key. Saha 16

MADHUMITA SAHA The writer is an academic-turned journalist. She taught history at Drexel University and New York University before joining WION. Mon, 22 Aug 2016 http://www.dnaindia.com/world/column-academia-s-feet-of-clay-sexual-misconduct-and-gender-discrimination-in-schools-2247826
In the present context, Tyann Sorrell ’s recourse to legal action seems an obvious 

AND

, the perpetrators often come from the most privileged section of our societies.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT or AT | Judge: Shayne Walton
Right now professor speech gets protected under the first amendment. Marcus 08
Kenneth L  Marcus Lillie and Nathan Ackerman Chair in Equality and Justice in America, Baruch College¶ School of Public Affairs. "Higher Education, Harassment, and First Amendment Opportunism." Wm. and Mary Bill Rts. J. 16 (2007): 1025.
These incidents highlight a puzzling phenomenon in contemporary constitutional¶ culture. The puzzle has 

AND

have been subjected to¶ frequent, intense challenge as of late.37z
Successful lawsuits force school accountability to fight harassment. Silbaugh 15

Silbaugh, Katharine Law Alumni Scholar¶ BA magna cum laude, Amherst College¶ JD with high honors and Order of the Coif, University of Chicago¶ . "Reactive to Proactive: Title IX's Unrealized Capacity to Prevent Campus Sexual Assault." BUL Rev. 95 (2015): 1049.
In March of 2013, President Obama signed a re-authorization of the¶ 

AND

far into the¶ weeds on responses without adequately directing them toward prevention.

AFF causes a snowball effect that makes first amendment defenses impossible to beat. Schauer 04
Schauer, Frederick David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law. "The boundaries of the First Amendment: A preliminary exploration of constitutional salience." Harvard Law Review (2004): 1765-1809.
In addition to the properties of First Amendment claims that may¶ make them less 

AND

dissent,'68 acknowledged¶ that the First Amendment was not totally irrelevant. 

Harassment cases persist because of a lack of clarity in requirements – a commitment to accountability is key. Saha 16

MADHUMITA SAHA The writer is an academic-turned journalist. She taught history at Drexel University and New York University before joining WION. Mon, 22 Aug 2016 http://www.dnaindia.com/world/column-academia-s-feet-of-clay-sexual-misconduct-and-gender-discrimination-in-schools-2247826
In the present context, Tyann Sorrell ’s recourse to legal action seems an obvious 

AND

, the perpetrators often come from the most privileged section of our societies.

DA turns the case - Sexual harassment in the classroom is a result of patriarchal violence that invades academia. Sexual harassment represents an oppressive use of power by professors and kills the participation and success of the harassed. Benson and Thomson 82 

Benson, Donna J., and Gregg E. Thomson. "Sexual harassment on a university campus: The confluence of authority relations, sexual interest and gender stratification." Social problems 29.3 (1982): 236-251.
It is precisely this widespread confluence of authority relations, sexual interest and gender¶ 

AND

sexual harassment may remain an especially critical factor of¶ more covert discrimination.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Brentwood KM | Judge: Rebecca Kuang
Crimes on campus are decreasing right now. Sutton 16
Sutton, Halley. "Report shows crime on campus down across the country." Campus Security Report 13.4 (2016): 9-9. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/casr.30185/full nhs-VA
A recent report released by the National Center for Education Statistics found an overall decrease 

AND

lower than in 2001 for every category except forcible sex offenses and murder.

Hate speech is protected by the constitution – they can’t restrict ANY constitutionally protected speech. Volokh 15.
Volokh, Eugene. "No, There’s No “hate Speech” Exception to the First Amendment." The Washington Post. WP Company, 07 May 2015. Web. 09 Dec. 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/07/no-theres-no-hate-speech-exception-to-the-first-amendment/?utm_term=.05cfdd01dea4.//nhs-VA
I keep hearing about a supposed “hate speech” exception to the First Amendment

AND

with any established definition of “hate speech” that I know of.) 

Turns case - hate speech leads to hate crimes against marginalized groups. Greenblatt 15.
Greenblatt, Jonathan. "When Hateful Speech Leads to Hate Crimes: Taking Bigotry Out of the Immigration Debate." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 21 Aug. 2015. Web. 14 Dec. 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-greenblatt/when-hateful-speech-leads_b_8022966.html.//nhs-VA
The words used on the campaign trail, on the floors of Congress, in 

AND

, but the messages of hate remain largely the same.

Tournament: UNLV Golden Desert | Round: 3 | Opponent: Mission San Jose KG | Judge: Kathy Bond
White bodies have always occupied the realm of “free speech” and used it to legitimize violence against populations—the aff’s plea for free speech only serves to benefit dominant white culture. NCHRE 11
National Center for Human Rights Education 11’opened its doors and joined 21 other countries which launched human rights education projects as part of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education, “First Amendment and Racial Terrorism”, 2011, University of Dayton, http://academic.udayton.edu/race/06hrights/waronterrorism/racial02.htm
Racists in the United States have always been able to cloak their ideas in the 

AND

a cross to intimidate a black family was equivalent to freedom of speech.

The aff’s reliance on liberty upholds anti-blackness – the constitution was coded in white racial privilege – the very idea of liberty and freedom was only reserved for whites. Helf n.d.
Helfand No Date (Judy, “Intersectionality, Worldwide and Other Pages”, http://academic.udayton.edu/race/01race/white11.htm)
Prior to the establishment of colonial Virginia, Europeans already had a history of viewing 

AND

those inalienable rights. Liberty was, within whiteness, reserved for white people

Institutional ethics makes anti-blackness worse - erases the exploitation of the black body. This cements slavery not as a project of property ownership but instead as natal alienation – production of bodies as bare flesh, lacking kinship ties and severed from any genealogical connection to their past. Wilderson 10
Wilderson, award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2010 (Frank B. III “Introduction: Unspeakable Ethics” Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Strucure of U.S. Antagonisms, Pg 15-16)

Regarding the Black position, some might ask why, after claims successfully made on 

AND

rubric of gains or reversals in struggles with the state and civil society.

In its ontological absence the black is a fungible object open to gratuitous violence and void of relational capacity.  R.L. 13
R.L., WANDERINGS OF THE SLAVE: BLACK LIFE AND SOCIAL DEATH, 2013,  Mute Magazine  
For the Afro-pessimists, the black subject is exiled from the human relation

AND

on police shootings as a contingent rather than structural feature of black existence.
The demand for legal relief is the perfection of slavery, making the slave bow down to the master.  Farley 05
Anthony. Prof. Farley specializes in Constitutional Law, Criminal Procedure and Legal Theory. Taught at Boston College Before Teaching at Albany “Perfecting Slavery” Page 221-222.  
Slavery is with us still. We are haunted by slavery. We are animated 

AND

, and while it cultivates the field of law hoping for an answer.
Thus the alternative is to embrace the demand of the slave - the end of the world.  Wilderson 02
Frank Wilderson, The Prison Slave as Hegemony's (Silent) Scandal, resented at Imprisoned Intellectuals  Conference Brown University, April 13th 2002.  
If we are to take Fanon at his word when he writes,  Decolonization

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via reform or reparation) but must nonetheless be pursued to the death.
Recognizing that blackness is pathologized is key to embracing social life in social death.  Sexton 11
Jared Sexton, ANTE-ANTI-BLACKNESS: AFTERTHOUGHTS, Cultural Studies Association Issue 1, 2011.  
Against the raceless credo, then, racism cannot be rejected without a dialectic in 

AND

is "not but nothing other than" black optimism. 24

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit DT or AT | Judge: Shayne Walton
The call of the 1AC to embrace a means-based ideal framework obscures the violence that oppressed groups face every day in their lives, work, and communities.  We need to disengage with the myth of American liberalism that continually props up anti blackness.  Curry 13

Dr. Tommy Curry, In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical, Academia.edu, 2013. 

Despite the rhetorical strategies adopted by both Black and white political theorists which urge Blacks 

AND

as a result of a critical redefining of humanity, integrated into society.

A focus on a priori reason and conceptual abstraction forces oppressed people to divorce themselves from the material conditions caused by whiteness and imagine a world in which whiteness is good.  Curry 13

Dr. Tommy Curry, In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical, Academia.edu, 2013. 

The potentiality of whiteness—the proleptic call of white anti-racist consciousness— 

AND

society and seeks like their colonial foreparents to claim them as their own. 

The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of embracing anti ethics – this is the only way to rupture the concept of white virtue and allow for liberation.  Curry 13
Dr. Tommy Curry, In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical, Academia.edu, 2013.
Anti-ethics; the call to demystify the present concept of man as illusion

AND

, the debasement of melaninated bodies and nigger-souls, is totalizing. 

The role of the ballot is to resist the imposition of dominant ideology on marginalized groups in educational spaces.  Trifonas 03
Trifonas, Peter. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. New York, London. 2003.
Domination and subordination, I imply that they are relations of power. In an 

AND

to make the world a better place for us and for our children.

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 3 | Opponent: San Marino KW | Judge: Bob Overing
Simply constructing a laundry list of atrocities of surveillance - they misidentify the enemy. Herod 01
Herod, Graduate of Columbia University, 2001, James, October 2001, “A Stake, Not a Mistake: On Not Seeing the Enemy”, http://www.jamesherod.info/index.php?sec=paperandid=9andprint=yandPHPSESSID=4387a9147ad42723ea101944dd538914, 07-06-14, TCT
The widespread belief that the US government has good intentions, a belief held onto 

AND

It thus prevents us from devising a successful strategy for defeating this enemy.
The AFF’s assumption of a right to free speech assumes an overly idealistic notion of society that ignores economic barriers and is a product of the neoliberal myth that individuality should be protected at all costs. Tillett-Saks 13
Tillett-Saks 13 Andrew Tillett-Saks (Labor organizer and critical activist author for Truth-Out and Counterpunch), Neoliberal Myths, Counterpunch, 11/7/13, http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/11/07/neoliberal-myths/ LADI
Yet there are many critics of the protestors who do not claim Ray Kelly’s policies 

AND

on: The oppressors or the protestors. The status quo or progress.
Neoliberalism is the root cause of nearly all global problems – environment, poverty, war, and extinction.  Farbod 15
 ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2)
Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises

AND

enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return.

This turns the case – the commodification of speech reflects the capitalist illusion of freedom. It makes speech meaningless and kills value to life. Smith 14
R.C. Smith April 24, 2014 “POWER, CAPITAL and THE RISE OF THE MASS SURVEILLANCE STATE: ON THE ABSENCE OF DEMOCRACY, ETHICS, DISENCHANTMENT and CRITICAL THEORY” Heathwood Institute and Press http://www.heathwoodpress.com/power-capital-the-rise-of-the-mass-surveillance-state-on-the-absence-of-democracy-ethics-disenchantment-critical-theory/
One pressing issue, moreover, is that majority of the popular movements that have 

AND

governing system, which produces and reproduces the epistemic context of its own validity
The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of a historic materialist analysis. This debate is about starting points. If their history is incorrect, then that warrants a rejection, as the ballot asks you who did the better debating, and their analysis incorrectly assumes the capitalist guise of free speech.

Investigation of the historical roots of capitalism is a prerequisite to combating oppressive structures – prerequisite to the 1AC’s question of surveillance. Mészáros 11
 (István Mészáros is one of the greatest philosophers that the historical materialist tradition has produced. His work stands alone today in the depth of its analysis of Marx’s theory of alienation, the structural crisis of capital, and the necessary conditions of the transition to socialism. He is professor emeritus at the University of Sussex, where he held the Chair of Philosophy for fifteen years. Monthly Review, Volume 63, Issue 01 (May) 2011, “The Dialectic of Structure and History: An Introduction”, http://monthlyreview.org/2011/05/01/the-dialectic-of-structure-and-history-an-introduction/ , )
The investigation of the dialectical relationship between structure and history is essential for a proper 

AND

structural framework of material and cultural reproduction in its hierarchical class articulation standing.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Del Mar Independent FK | Judge: Ayden Loeffler

Delay CP

Thus, the CP

Text: ~INSERT AFF PLANTEXT HERE~ as soon as possible after Election Day, 2016.

It’s legitimate: CX is binding and they defend immediate adoption. They can’t sever or it kills neg ground. Time is a necessary element.

It competes: Passing the plan after the election prevents the plan from having an effect on the election.

Solvency: Congress can delay politically controversial votes until after the November Election to prevent partisan debate from turning into a campaign issue.

Alan Fram. "Congress Might Duck Vote Raising Debt Limit until after Elections." The Daily Transcript. San Diego Source, 04 June 2004. Web. 03 Sept. 2016. http://www.sddt.com/News/article.cfm?SourceCode=20040604fahand't=Congress2Bmight2Bduck2Bvote2Braising2Bdebt2Blimit2Buntil2Bafter2Belections~~#.V8pjF6OZPyk.
Congress may be able to postpone politically difficult votes on boosting the government's 

AND

tax cuts and what they say has been his mishandling of the economy.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Polytechnic JL | Judge: David Dosch

Socialism is possible

Charles Masquelier and Matt Dawson, Sociology professors at the University of Surrey and University of Glasgow (respectively), June 11, 2015, "Beyond capitalism and liberal democracy: On the relevance of GDH Cole’s sociological critique and alternative," No Publication, http://csi.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/06/10/0011392115588354.full
Cole’s remedy to the ills of capitalism assumes the form of a libertarian socialist 

AND

of social life could only be achieved through a reorganization of economic life.

The debate is about starting points- The alternative is ~to reject the aff and to promote ecosocialism~ The alt

Löwy 05 (Löwy, Michael. "What Is Ecosocialism?" Capitalism Nature Socialism, June 2005. http://www.havenscenter.org/files/Ecosocialism.CNS.final.version.pdf.)**
What then is ecosocialism? It is a current of ecological thought and action that 

AND

species. The protection of the natural environment is thus a humanist imperative.

It’s a legitimate and feasible alternative to capitalism

Jason Schulman, Investment manager and partner of Long Ridge Partners,4-1-2015, "S.O.S.: Alternatives to Capitalism," Taylor and Francis, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07393148.2015.1022965~~#.
Swift’s central argument is bold and forceful: capitalism is destroying our world, 

AND

, socialization of finance, and the introduction of a universal basic income

Alt solves for the AFF by targeting the root cause of growing human need of energy over the environmental harms that entrenches the structural violence. We solve for the increasing energy production that is the root cause of the AC

Kovel 07 ~Joel is Distinguished Professor¶ of Social Studies at Bard College. He has¶ written ten books, including the first¶ edition of The Enemy of Nature (2002) and¶ Overcoming Zionism (2007). He has edited¶ Capitalism Nature Socialism, a journal of¶ radical ecology, since 2003 and has been¶ active in green politics, running for the¶ US Senate in 1998, and seeking the Green¶ Party’s presidential nomination in 2000, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World?, Second Edition Publication Date: December 9, 2007 | ISBN-10: 1842778714,   ITPIRATE~
We call ecosocialism that society in which production is carried¶ out by freely associated 

AND

labor that will not be pushed¶ around by massified and totalizing institutions.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KK | Judge: Jeff Merrill

Coal

Prohibiting production of nuclear power would mean switching to fossil fuels

"Coming Clean about Nuclear Power." Coming Clean about Nuclear Power - Scientific American. Scientific American, 1 June 2011. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coming-clean-about-nuclear-power/.
Ever since Japan’s battered Fukushima Daiichi reactor complex began emitting radiation in March, calls 

AND

reach the scale needed to replace the power we get from splitting atoms.

Empirics: Japan reverted back to coal after banning nuclear

Follett, Andrew. "The End Of Nuclear Power In Japan Is Bringing Back Coal." The Daily Caller. N.p., 13 June 2016. Web. 11 Aug. 2016. http://dailycaller.com/2016/06/13/the-end-of-nuclear-power-in-japan-is-bringing-back-coal/.
An analysis published Monday by Bloomberg states that coal power will become the largest source 

AND

the Fukushima disaster. The country has since transitioned away from nuclear power.

And coal is neolib; the fossil fuel industry is a representation

Tournament: Voices | Round: 3 | Opponent: Loyola JL | Judge: Monica Amestoy
Prohibiting production of nuclear power would mean switching to fossil fuels
"Coming Clean about Nuclear Power." Coming Clean about Nuclear Power - Scientific American. Scientific American, 1 June 2011. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coming-clean-about-nuclear-power/.
Ever since Japan’s battered Fukushima Daiichi reactor complex began emitting radiation in March, calls 

AND

reach the scale needed to replace the power we get from splitting atoms.
Empirics: Japan reverted back to coal after banning nuclear
Follett, Andrew. "The End Of Nuclear Power In Japan Is Bringing Back Coal." The Daily Caller. N.p., 13 June 2016. Web. 11 Aug. 2016. http://dailycaller.com/2016/06/13/the-end-of-nuclear-power-in-japan-is-bringing-back-coal/.
An analysis published Monday by Bloomberg states that coal power will become the largest source 

AND

the Fukushima disaster. The country has since transitioned away from nuclear power.
Coal has severe health impacts – turns case
Stevenson 08—produces Gaia Health (Heidi, Coal Is the Worst Polluter of All, www.gaia-health.com/articles/000032-Coal-Pollution.shtml)
Image a list of the worst pollutants. Whatever is on your list almost certainly 

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animals, plants, and Gaia herself. Clean coal is a myth.
Coal plants are the cause of emissions
"Coal Power: Air Pollution." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., 2016. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c02c.html#.V-gZ8qOZM1g.
Coal plants are the nation’s top source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, 

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but most U.S. coal plants have not installed these technologies.
We are on the brink
EarthTalk. "Have We Passed the Point of No Return on Climate Change?" Scientific American. N.p., 13 Apr. 2015. Web. 18 Aug. 2016. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/have-we-passed-the-point-of-no-return-on-climate-change/.
While we may not yet have reached the “point of no return”—when 

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92 ppm means we could reach the point of no return by 2042.
Emissions cause global warming
"A Blanket around the Earth." Climate Change: Vital Sings of the Planet: Causes. NASA, 15 Sept. 2016. Web. 25 Sept. 2016. http://climate.nasa.gov/causes/.
Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human 

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respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are seen as "feedbacks."
Global warming leads to extinction
Dan Flournoy, PhD and MA from the University of Texas, Former Dean of the University College at Ohio University, Former Associate Dean at State University of New York and Case Institute of Technology, Project Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, Currently Professor of Telecommunications at Scripps College of Communications @ Ohio University, January 2012, "Solar Power Satellites," Springer Briefs in Space Development
In the Online Journal of Space Communication , Dr. Feng Hsu, a NASA 

AND

-supply” (Hsu 2010 ) (Fig . 2.1 ).

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Del Mar Independent FK | Judge: Ayden Loeffler

Elections DA

===Hillary Clinton is leading in the polls===
Stein, Jeff. "Donald Trump's Doing Better in the Polls. Here's What's Going On." Vox. Vox Media, 01 Sept. 2016. Web. 02 Sept. 2016. http://www.vox.com/2016/9/1/12749102/hillary-clinton-polling-august.
RCP has Clinton up by 4.6 points. The Huffington Post has 

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reason to believe that dire scenarios or radically changing poll numbers will happen.

Hillary directly tied to Obama

Collins, Eliza. "Historians: Clinton, Obama Tied Together No Matter What." USA Today. Gannett, 09 Aug. 2016. Web. 02 Sept. 2016. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2016/08/08/historians-clinton-obama-approval/88068172/.
For better or worse, Hillary Clinton’s success in November will be closely tied 

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to portray a potential Clinton presidency as an extension of the Obama administration.

Swing states are key

Silver 7/15/16 (Nate, Founder and Editor in Chief of FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: 10 Questions About Where the 2016 Race Stands" http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/election-update-10-questions-about-where-the-2016-race-stands/ - KSA)
Which states shape up as most important? We recently relaunched our tipping-

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her to have a firewall of states that she can feel comfortable about.

Link – Public Support

Bisconti, Ann S. "Public Opinion on Nuclear Energy: What Influences It." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. N.p., 27 Apr. 2016. Web. 03 Sept. 2016. http://thebulletin.org/public-opinion-nuclear-energy-what-influences-it9379. Ann S. Bisconti is founder and president of Bisconti Research, Inc., a Maryland-based public opinion and communications research company that focuses on energy issues
The NEI spring 2016 survey included, among many other questions about nuclear energy, 

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(54 percent) as strongly opposed it (18 percent).

Trump Bad – Economy

Multiple comprehensive analyses show that Trump is a disaster for the US and global economy

Timiraos, 6/20 (Nick Timiraos, national economics correspondent for the WSJ who covers major economic news such as the 2008 recession, 6-20-16, "U.S. Economy Would Be ‘Diminished’ Under Trump’s Economic Plan, New Analysis Says" The Wall Street Journal, "http://blogs.wsj.com/eco nomics/2016/06/20/u-s-economy-would-be-diminished-under-trumps-economic-plan-new-analysis-says/"accessed 7-13-16, AG)
A new analysis concludes Donald Trump’s economic proposals, taken at face value, 

AND

and also boost inflation as labor costs run higher, the report said.

We isolate three economic scenarios if Trump were to take office

Covert, 3/2 (Bryce Covert, editor at ThinkProgress and a writer for The Nation, "Donald Trump’s Presidency Would Plunge the U.S. Into a Deep Recession," Slate Magazine, 3-2-16, "http://www.slate.com/articles/news'and'politics/politics/2016/03/donald'trump's'presidency'would'create 'a'deep'recession.html, accessed 7-13-2016, AG)

1. Tariffs– Trump’s tariff policies with countries like China and Mexico have disastrous impacts on the global scale

If President Trump puts these plans into effect, there is no way they would 

AND

hurt American companies, who would likely cut back on jobs. 

2. Tax Plan – Cutting taxes on the rich would result in increases in income inequality

The candidate declared that his plan would offer the poor and middle class relief while 

AND

hand, is faster growth in income inequality, which hurts economic growth. 

3. Immigration Policy – Trump’s costly immigration plan would have adverse short-term and long-term effects on the US economy

We turn to Trump’s brand of immigration reform, which wouldn’t help the economy either

AND

that boosts economic productivity and mobility, to name only a few. 

Economic decline causes war—strong statistical support.

Royal 10 — Jedidiah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, M.Phil. Candidate at the University of New South Wales, 2010 ("Economic Integration, Economic Signalling and the Problem of Economic Crises," Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, Edited by Ben Goldsmith and Jurgen Brauer, Published by Emerald Group Publishing, ISBN 0857240048, p. 213-215)
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood 

AND

such, the view presented here should be considered ancillary to those views.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Del Mar Independent FK | Judge: Ayden Loeffler

Neolib K

Role of the Ballot

The role of the ballot is to take a stance against the neoliberalist structures that plague our society. The AC tries to cure the symptoms but fails to realize that the root cause of the harms is what must be targeted, thereby only further perpetuating neoliberalism.

Role of the Judge

The role of the judge is to act as a critical educator combating oppression—while obviously signing the ballot won’t make neoliberalism disappear, voting for strategies to combat oppression in this round makes us better activists in the future.

Giroux 13 (Henry, American scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy, "Public Intellectuals Against the Neoliberal University," 29 October 2013, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university)//ghs-VA
Increasingly, as universities are shaped by an audit culture, the call to 

AND

relations with others, and transform, when necessary, the world around them

Link of Omission

Neoliberalism perpetuates structural violence against marginalized groups—to remain silent is to be complicit in the abuse. By not discussing the harms of neoliberalism in the AC, they perpetuate them. The debate functions as a starting point.

Springer ‘12  
(Simon, assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Victoria. "Neoliberalising violence: of the exceptional and the exemplary in coalescing moments", Royal Geographical Society, Wiley Online) RGDM
But what is not spoken in Klein's account, nor is it foregrounded in most 

AND

and other academic geographers) is implicated in the perpetuation of neoliberalised violence.

Critiquing neoliberal discourse in the AC is key. Only by ridding the educational sphere of corporatization can we contest the regime.

Giroux, PhD, 2005(Henry A., College Literature, Volume 32, No. 1, p. 1-3)
Just as the world has seen a more virulent and brutal form of 

AND

free market as the model for organizing all facets of everyday life (Henwood

Impact – Laundry List

The neoliberal regime results in a permanent culture of war, engulfing all within the violence of the military-industrial complex – the drive for profit legitimates horrid violence and war crimes – mass killings of civilians, rape, and all destruction is assured as the Other is dehumanized under neo-Darwinian vengeance

Giroux, 13
(Henry A. Giroux is a social critic and educator. He currently holds the Global Television Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University. "Violence, USA" http://monthlyreview.org/2013/05/01/violence-usa) Henge
Since 9/11, the war on terror and the campaign for homeland security 

AND

-controlled entertainment industry, and a major market for the defense industries.

Impact - SV

These environmental justice movements only rentrench neoliberalism because of the interests for transnational capital and therefore causes more structural violence

Cleere 3 (Cleere, Rickie. "Environmental Racism and the Movement for Black Lives: Grassroots Power in the 21st Century." Pomona College, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153andcontext=pomona'theses.)
Opal Tometi, BLM co-founder, has said that environmental issues are "

AND

the interests of transnational capital and perpetuate the slow violence of environmental racism. 

And, Cap causes extinction and endless structural violence – it is a try or die for the alt.

Farbod 15 ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2)
Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises

AND

enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return. 

Alt – Do Nothing

The only way to open up space for a new kind of activity beyond merely "global capitalism with a human face" is to renounce facile calls to direct action.

Zizek ‘4
(Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, 2004, Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle, p. 71-74) BHS
The stance of simply condemning the postmodern Left for its accommodation, however, is 

AND

what the Third Way is – or, rather, was – about).

The idea that we must always do ‘something’ when faced with the crises of capital is precisely what sustains our present condition.  Rather than submitting to the seemingly rational urge to act, we should embrace the inaction of reflection over capital’s limits.

Zizek ‘9
(Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, First as Tragedy, Then as Farce, 2009, p. 9-11) BHS
The only truly surprising thing about the 2008 financial meltdown is how easily the 

AND

a problem instead of reflecting on how it arose in the first place.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brentwood KR | Judge: Olivia Panchal

NC

Neolib K

Role of the Ballot (:30 all)

The role of the ballot is to take a stance against the neoliberalist structures that plague society. The AC tries to cure the symptoms but fails to realize that the root cause of the harms is what must be targeted, thereby only further perpetuating neoliberalism.

Role of the Judge

The role of the judge is to act as a critical educator combating oppression—while obviously signing the ballot won’t make neoliberalism disappear, voting for strategies to combat oppression in this round makes us better activists in the future.

Giroux 13 (Henry, American scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy, "Public Intellectuals Against the Neoliberal University," 29 October 2013, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university)//ghs-VA
Increasingly, as universities are shaped by an audit culture, the call to 

AND

relations with others, and transform, when necessary, the world around them

Root Cause – Nuclear Power

Neoliberalism is behind the nuclear power industry and empirically Britain proves

Nadel 16 (Nadel, Simon. "The Quandary of State Steering v Neo-Liberal Thinking: The Case of Nuclear Power Policies in the UK, 1979-2015." Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics, June 24, 2016. https://sase.confex.com/sase/2016am/webprogram/Paper5313.html.)**
Since 2005, the United Kingdom has joined many nations across the world on the 

AND

updating the current theoretical models of state capacity in neo-liberal economies.

Nuclear power’s flaws are a product of class society. The aff’s focus on banning the technology completely ignores it’s emancipatory potential for workers.

SLP 81 "Socialism and Nuclear Power" A Socialist Labor Party Statement 1981 http://www.slp.org/res'state'htm/soc'nuc'power.html.
Socialists can bring many important insights to the questions and concerns raised by nuclear technology

AND

the horror it currently is to the benefactor of an emancipated working class.

Link – Renewables

CX is binding – they say we will switch to renewables, which only furthers entrenchment into the neoliberalist mindset. Renewables production through neoliberalism drives overconsumption – reducing the price of energy by creating alternative energy ensures less reflexivity about the environmental impact of the economy

Foster et al 10
(John Bellamy, prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, Brett Clark, asst prof of sociology @ NC-State, Richard York, associate prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, The Ecological Rift, pgs. 183-191)
Eco-Efficiency of National Economies Stephen Bunker, an environmental sociologist, found that 

AND

to be modified if technological advances are to be translated into natural resource conservation93

Link of Omission (1:33)

Neoliberalism perpetuates structural violence against marginalized groups—to remain silent is to be complicit in the abuse. By not discussing the harms of neoliberalism in the AC, they perpetuate them. The debate functions as a starting point. (:57)

Springer ‘12  
(Simon, assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Victoria. "Neoliberalising violence: of the exceptional and the exemplary in coalescing moments", Royal Geographical Society, Wiley Online) RGDM
But what is not spoken in Klein's account, nor is it foregrounded in most 

AND

and other academic geographers) is implicated in the perpetuation of neoliberalised violence.

Critiquing neoliberal discourse in the AC is key. Only by ridding the educational sphere of corporatization can we contest the regime. (:36)

Giroux, PhD, 2005(Henry A., College Literature, Volume 32, No. 1, p. 1-3)
Just as the world has seen a more virulent and brutal form of 

AND

as the model for organizing all facets of everyday life (Henwood 2003). 

Impact - SV

These environmental justice movements only rentrench neoliberalism because of the interests for transnational capital and therefore causes more structural violence

Cleere 3 (Cleere, Rickie. "Environmental Racism and the Movement for Black Lives: Grassroots Power in the 21st Century." Pomona College, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153andcontext=pomona'theses.)
Opal Tometi, BLM co-founder, has said that environmental issues are "

AND

the interests of transnational capital and perpetuate the slow violence of environmental racism. 

And, Cap causes extinction and endless structural violence – it is a try or die for the alt.

Farbod 15 ( Faramarz Farbod , PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College, Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2)
Global capitalism is the 800-pound gorilla. The twin ecological and economic crises

AND

enhancing natural and social systems will soon reach a point of no return.

Alt – Ecosocialism

Socialism is possible and solves neoliberalism

Charles Masquelier and Matt Dawson, Sociology professors at the University of Surrey and University of Glasgow (respectively), June 11, 2015, "Beyond capitalism and liberal democracy: On the relevance of GDH Cole’s sociological critique and alternative," No Publication, http://csi.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/06/10/0011392115588354.full
Cole’s remedy to the ills of capitalism assumes the form of a libertarian socialist 

AND

of social life could only be achieved through a reorganization of economic life.

The debate is about starting points- the AFF pursues the increase of energy production by the means of renewables. The alternative is ~to reject the aff and to promote ecosocialism~ The alt

Löwy 05 (Löwy, Michael. "What Is Ecosocialism?" Capitalism Nature Socialism, June 2005. http://www.havenscenter.org/files/Ecosocialism.CNS.final.version.pdf.)**
What then is ecosocialism? It is a current of ecological thought and action that 

AND

species. The protection of the natural environment is thus a humanist imperative.

It’s a legitimate and feasible alternative to capitalism

Jason Schulman, Investment manager and partner of Long Ridge Partners,4-1-2015, "S.O.S.: Alternatives to Capitalism," Taylor and Francis, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07393148.2015.1022965~~#.
Swift’s central argument is bold and forceful: capitalism is destroying our world, 

AND

, socialization of finance, and the introduction of a universal basic income

Alt solves for the AFF by targeting the root cause of growing human need of energy over the environmental harms that entrenches the structural violence. We solve for the increasing energy production that is the root cause of the AC

Kovel 07 ~Joel is Distinguished Professor¶ of Social Studies at Bard College. He has¶ written ten books, including the first¶ edition of The Enemy of Nature (2002) and¶ Overcoming Zionism (2007). He has edited¶ Capitalism Nature Socialism, a journal of¶ radical ecology, since 2003 and has been¶ active in green politics, running for the¶ US Senate in 1998, and seeking the Green¶ Party’s presidential nomination in 2000, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World?, Second Edition Publication Date: December 9, 2007 | ISBN-10: 1842778714,   ITPIRATE~
We call ecosocialism that society in which production is carried¶ out by freely associated 

AND

labor that will not be pushed¶ around by massified and totalizing institutions.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dougherty Valley KK | Judge: Jeff Merrill

K

Nuclear power’s flaws are a product of class society. The aff’s focus on banning the technology completely ignores it’s emancipatory potential for workers.

SLP 81 "Socialism and Nuclear Power" A Socialist Labor Party Statement 1981 http://www.slp.org/res'state'htm/soc'nuc'power.html.
Socialists can bring many important insights to the questions and concerns raised by nuclear technology

AND

the horror it currently is to the benefactor of an emancipated working class.

Link – Substitution

No matter what technology replaces nuclear power, consumption will only increase. Either they link to the coal DA or they link to the K – their shift away from nuclear guarantees it.

Foster et al 10
(John Bellamy, prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, Brett Clark, asst prof of sociology @ NC-State, Richard York, associate prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, The Ecological Rift, pgs. 183-191)
Eco-Efficiency of National Economies Stephen Bunker, an environmental sociologist, found that 

AND

be modified if technological advances are to be translated into natural resource conservation.

Alt

Countries ought to fully switch over to an ecosocialist economy.

Socialism is possible and solves neoliberalism

Charles Masquelier and Matt Dawson, Sociology professors at the University of Surrey and University of Glasgow (respectively), June 11, 2015, "Beyond capitalism and liberal democracy: On the relevance of GDH Cole’s sociological critique and alternative," No Publication, http://csi.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/06/10/0011392115588354.full
Cole’s remedy to the ills of capitalism assumes the form of a libertarian socialist 

AND

of social life could only be achieved through a reorganization of economic life.

The debate is about starting points- the AFF pursues the increase of energy production by the means of renewables. The alternative is ~to reject the aff and to promote ecosocialism~ The alt

Löwy 05 (Löwy, Michael. "What Is Ecosocialism?" Capitalism Nature Socialism, June 2005. http://www.havenscenter.org/files/Ecosocialism.CNS.final.version.pdf.)**
What then is ecosocialism? It is a current of ecological thought and action that 

AND

species. The protection of the natural environment is thus a humanist imperative.

It’s a legitimate and feasible alternative to capitalism

Jason Schulman, Investment manager and partner of Long Ridge Partners,4-1-2015, "S.O.S.: Alternatives to Capitalism," Taylor and Francis, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/07393148.2015.1022965~~#.
Swift’s central argument is bold and forceful: capitalism is destroying our world, 

AND

, socialization of finance, and the introduction of a universal basic income

Alt solves for the AFF by targeting the root cause of growing human need of energy over the environmental harms that entrenches the structural violence. We solve for the increasing energy production that is the root cause of the AC

Kovel 07 ~Joel is Distinguished Professor¶ of Social Studies at Bard College. He has¶ written ten books, including the first¶ edition of The Enemy of Nature (2002) and¶ Overcoming Zionism (2007). He has edited¶ Capitalism Nature Socialism, a journal of¶ radical ecology, since 2003 and has been¶ active in green politics, running for the¶ US Senate in 1998, and seeking the Green¶ Party’s presidential nomination in 2000, The Enemy of Nature: The End of Capitalism or the End of the World?, Second Edition Publication Date: December 9, 2007 | ISBN-10: 1842778714,   ITPIRATE~
We call ecosocialism that society in which production is carried¶ out by freely associated 

AND

labor that will not be pushed¶ around by massified and totalizing institutions.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brentwood KR | Judge: Olivia Panchal

Existential risk

===A. Moral uncertainty means preventing extinction should be our highest priority. ===
Bostrom 12 Nick Bostrom. Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School University of Oxford. "Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority." Global Policy (2012)
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest an alternative, complementary way of looking at existential 

AND

value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.

===B. Under util minimizing existential risk comes first – reducing the risk of extinction by even a tenth of a percentage point still outweighs massive structural violence.===
Bostrom 12 â€"2012 Faculty of Philosophy and Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford., Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority.  Forthcoming book (Global Policy). MP. http://www.existenti...org/concept.pdf
Even if we use the most conservative of these estimates, which entirely ignores the   

AND

larger than the positive value of the direct benefit of such an action.