Tournament: Voices | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart Danielle Dosch | Judge: Jackson Lallas
Winter and Leighton systemic exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due.
Winter and Leighton: Winter, Deborah DuNann Professor of Psychology, Whitman College, and Dana C. Leighton, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology in the 21st Century.” New York: Prentice Hall, 2001.  

Finally, to recognize... building lasting peace.  

The purpose of debate is to teach students to reject injustices in society.  Giroux:
“Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization,” Winter 2004, Teacher Education Quarterly.
Henry A. Giroux, Waterbury Chair Professorship at Pennsylvania State University, University Park

The search for... and gendered inequalities.

The purpose of debate is to teach students skills that are applicable to the real world.  Wade:
“Chapter 8: Critical Thinking through Debate: Skills, Dispositions, and Teaching Strategies,” July 17, 2016.  Using Debate in the Classroom:
Encouraging Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration.
Walter Patrick Wade, University of Singapore, PhD of Communication Studies from Northwestern University

While students need... in each round" (AUDL, 2015).

Minimizing structural violence supersedes any ideal theories like util or deontology because oversimplifying ethics to one theory threatens any real discussion.  Curry:
“ The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century,” December 2014.  Academia.edu.
Tommy J. Curry, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Philosophy, Texas AandM University

Despite the pronouncement... contemporary moral parameters.

South Africa doesn’t need nuclear power; its renewable resources are ready to be used, but only can be implemented if nuclear is out of the picture.  Greenpeace:
“The True Cost of Nuclear Power in South Africa,” August 2011. Greenpeace.  Chapter 6.1.
Ferrial Adam, Dr. David Fig (chapters 2; 3.4; 4; 5), Dominique Gilbert (chapter 5.3), Mike Kantey (chapter 5.5), Fiona Musana, Nina Schulz, Melita Steele, Dr. Rianne Teule, Professor Steve Thomas (chapters 3.1-3.3; 3.5-3.7)

South Africa is at... not be justified. 

This also gives South Africa its best chance to minimize coal and fossil fuel usage.  Greenpeace:
“The True Cost of Nuclear Power in South Africa,” August 2011. Greenpeace.  Chapter 6.3.
Ferrial Adam, Dr. David Fig (chapters 2; 3.4; 4; 5), Dominique Gilbert (chapter 5.3), Mike Kantey (chapter 5.5), Fiona Musana, Nina Schulz, Melita Steele, Dr. Rianne Teule, Professor Steve Thomas (chapters 3.1-3.3; 3.5-3.7)

To achieve a... leader in Africa.

Part 2 is the advocacy.

Thus, the plan: “South Africa will prohibit the production of nuclear power.”  My advocate is Thomas in 2015:
“Why nuclear power would be a bad option for South Africa,” June 10, 2015.  The Conversation.
Steve Thomas, Professor of Energy Policy, University of Greenwich
http://theconversation.com/why-nuclear-power-would-be-a-bad-option-for-south-africa-42499

It would be... of radioactive waste.

In South Africa, nuclear power is representative of and causes the historical oppression of minorities.  Chen:
“The Radioactive Racism Behind Nuclear Energy,” March 23, 2011.  Color Lines.
Michelle Chen, Columnist, Global Justice
http://www.colorlines.com/articles/radioactive-racism-behind-nuclear-energy

At every point... massive security state.

The government continues the apartheid via nuclear power.  Minority populations are subjected to its harms, then silenced and ignored.  Fig:
“The True Cost of Nuclear Power in South Africa,” August 2011. Greenpeace.  Chapter 5.3.
Ferrial Adam, Dr. David Fig (chapters 2; 3.4; 4; 5), Dominique Gilbert (chapter 5.3), Mike Kantey (chapter 5.5), Fiona Musana, Nina Schulz, Melita Steele, Dr. Rianne Teule, Professor Steve Thomas (chapters 3.1-3.3; 3.5-3.7)

Nuclear power doesn’t... worried about contamination.

The nuclear industry intentionally disregards their workers as a form of racism.  Gilbert:
“The True Cost of Nuclear Power in South Africa,” August 2011. Greenpeace.  Chapter 5.3.
Ferrial Adam, Dr. David Fig (chapters 2; 3.4; 4; 5), Dominique Gilbert (chapter 5.3), Mike Kantey (chapter 5.5), Fiona Musana, Nina Schulz, Melita Steele, Dr. Rianne Teule, Professor Steve Thomas (chapters 3.1-3.3; 3.5-3.7)

Even though working... pensions from Koeberg.

Parkins Oppressed groups often lack the financial or political capital to challenge such injustice.
Parkins writes: Parkins, John  Department of Resource Economics, University of Alberta “Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power.” 2011.  

In some ways... undesirable land uses.

Contention 2 is nuclear corruption.

South Africa’s entire nuclear program is corrupt.  Gosam:
“Zuma, the Guptas and the Russians — the inside story,” February 2, 2016.  Rand Daily Mail.
Lily Gosam, writer for Rand Daily Mail
http://www.rdm.co.za/politics/2016/02/02/zuma-the-guptas-and-the-russians~-~-the-inside-story

CORRUPTION GOES NUCLEAR I wish to... whom was Nene.

This corruption encourages oppression and disproportionately harms the poor.  Annan:
Kofi Annan, 2004, UNCAC.
https://www.unodc.org/ropan/en/AntiCorruptionARAC/unodc-and-corruption.html

Corruption is an... aid and investment.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Texas Academy MX | Judge: Aimun Khan
Winter and Leighton systemic exclusion of particular groups arbitrarily denies due.
Winter and Leighton: Winter, Deborah DuNann Professor of Psychology, Whitman College, and Dana C. Leighton, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology, Southern Arkansas University. “Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology in the 21st Century.” New York: Prentice Hall, 2001.  

Finally, to recognize ... building lasting peace.  

Therefore, society has an obligation to correct these injustices.  Anthropocentrism is the root cause of injustices in society, so we have to solve for anthropocentrism to solve oppression.  Lazarus writes:
“Pursuing ‘Environmental Justice’: The Distributional Effects of Environmental Protection,” 1993, Georgetown Law Faculty Publications.
Richard J. Lazarus, Georgetown University Law Center

Environmentalists also need ... reference for environmentalism.

There are no ontological boundaries between humans and nature.  Acknowledging the interrelatedness of humans and nature through discourse is necessary to solving harms to both nature and humankind.  Nelson writes:
“Deep Ecology,” July 18, 2001. Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy
Michael Paul Nelson (Ph.D. in philosophy, Lancaster University) , environmental scholar, writer, teacher, speaker, and consultant who holds the Ruth H. Spaniol Chair in Natural Resources and is a Professor of environmental philosophy and ethics at Oregon State University

Once ontological boundaries ... for ecological consciousness’’ (Fox 1995, p. 225).

Debate serves to create discourse on social change, so critical discussions are important to have.  Debate is a space for having discussions on solving oppression.  Giroux writes:
“Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization,” Winter 2004, Teacher Education Quarterly.
Henry A. Giroux, Waterbury Chair Professorship at Pennsylvania State University, University Park

The search for ... and gendered inequalities.

The role of the judge is to vote for the debater who better advocates for discourse on combatting anthropocentrism that is prevalent in the education system.  Lupinacci and Parkins write:
“(Un)Learning Anthropocentrism: An EcoJustice Framework for Teaching to Resist Human-Supremacy in Schools,” November 18, 2015. The Educational Significance of Human and Non-Human Animal Interactions: Blurring the Species Line.
John Lupinacci (Ph.D. of Philosophy in Education Studies, Eastern Michigan University), Assistant Professor of Cultural Studies and Social Thought in Education at Washington State University; Alison Happel-Parkins (Ph.D., Georgia State University), Asst Professor, Counselor Education Psych Research at the University of Memphis

A primary premise ... inclusive living systems. 

Discourse on policymaking is needed to combat anthropocentrism to prevent it from limiting the morality we can achieve from our policies.  Katz and Oechsli write:
“Moving beyond Anthropocentrism: Environmental Ethics, Development, and the Amazon,” 1993.  New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Eric Katz and Lauren Oechsli, Members of the Science, Technology, and Society Program _{New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark. Katz is currently Vice President of the International Society for Environmental Ethics}

If a policy ... anthropocentric instrumental reasoning.

Advantage 1

The nuclear industry uses anthropocentrism to justify their disregard for non-human lives.  Gunter writes:
“Licensed to kill: How the nuclear power industry destroys endangered marine wildlife and ocean habitat to save money,” February 22, 2001.
 Linda Gunter, Safe Energy Communication Council (SECC) Paul Gunter, Nuclear Information and Resource Service (NIRS) Scott Cullen, Standing for Truth About Radiation (STAR) Nancy Burton, Esquire

Sea turtles, fish, … diversity of wildlife.

Fish have emotions, meaning that the np industry’s treatment of marine life is oppression of the fish community.  Griffiths writes:
“Fish have feelings too: Expert claims creatures experience pain in the same way humans do - and should be treated better,” June 19, 2014.  Daily Mail.
Sarah Griffiths, Freelance Science + Tech Reporter for The Daily Mail, MailOnline, T3 and Wired
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2662297/Fish-feelings-Expert-claims-creatures-experience-pain-way-humans-better-treated.html

Fishing may not ... should be reconsidered.

Advantage 2

The nuclear industry disregards the interests of Native Americans.  Public Citizen writes:
“Radioactive Racism: The History of Targeting Native American Communities with High Level Atomic Waste Dumps ,“ 1987. Nuclear Information and Resource Service.
by Public Citizen, group advocating for equality in democracy
https://www.citizen.org/documents/radioactiveracism.pdf

Low-income and minority ... of tribal sovereignty. 

The disregard for indigenous peoples by civilized humans is also present in Taiwan.  Hsieh writes:
“Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Identity-Based Movement of Plan Indigenous in Taiwan,” 2006. Routledge.
Dr. Jolan Hsieh, Associate Professor in the Department of Ethnic Relations and Cultures, College of Indigenous Studies, National Dong Hwa University

Especially important is ... their future generations.

Parkins Indigenous groups often lack the financial or political capital to challenge such injustice.
Parkins writes: Parkins, John  Department of Resource Economics, University of Alberta “Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power.” 2011.  

In some ways ... undesirable land uses.  

Anthropocentrism is the cause of oppression against native communities.  The np industry devalues the interests of natives because of their anthropocentric ideology of civilized man at the center.  Crist and Kopnina write:
“Unsettling Anthropocentrism,” November, 2014. Dialectical Anthropology.
Dr. Eileen Crist (Ph.D. Boston University), Associate Professor of Science and Technology Studies in the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at Virginia Tech; Dr. Helen Kopnina (Ph.D. Cambridge University,), a researcher in the fields of environmental education and environmental social sciences at Leiden University and The Hague University of Applied Science 

Anthropocentrism can be … and forward march.

Shankleman A nuclear ban leads to a shift to renewable energy.  Europe proves.
Shankleman writes: Shankleman, Jessica. Contributor, Bloomberg News “Germany Just Got Almost All of Its Power From Renewable Energy.” Bloomberg News, April 2016.

Clean power supplied ... of plant breakdowns.  

Renewable energies, unlike nuclear, are consistent with deep ecology and oppose anthropocentrism.  Dalile writes:
“Environmental Ethics: Between Anthropocentrism and Ecocentrism,” 2012, Academia.edu.
Boushra Dalile,  Swinburne University of Technology

As mentioned earlier ... value of nature.

Deep ecology solves anthropocentrism.  Kose writes:
“AN ANSWER TO THE PROBLEM of ANTHROPOCENTRISM: DEEP ECOLOGY and ITS ETHICAL DIMENSIONS,“ July 2013. ETHOS: Dialogues in Philosophy and Social Sciences.
Songül Köse (Ph.D. Middle East Technical University), Research Asst., Akdeniz University, Department of Philosophy

Now we should ... on its own.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lynbrook NA | Judge: Fred Ditzian
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