Tournament: Lexington Winter Invitational | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hunter TC | Judge: Jon Sahlman
When it comes to the question of race, America is a Nation of Cowards.
Holder Attorney General of the United States 2k9                                                               Eric; “Department of Justice African American History Month Program” http://www.justice.gov/ag/speeches/2009/ag-speech-090218.html OA
the need to our nation’s history
 Hate speech codes are the easy way out. It only reinforces white tendency to view racism on a purely individual level.
Tim Wise, 5’ "Racism, Free Speech, and the College Campus," Lip Magazine, December 23, 2005. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and author. OA
 the least costly, bosses, among others. 

The role of the ballot is to find the best pragmatic strategy to fight institutional oppression.  By developing speech codes, we become distracted from the premier goal of making structural and institutional change.
Tim Wise, 5’ "Racism, Free Speech, and the College Campus," Lip Magazine, December 23, 2005. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and author. OA
by focusing on and more creative,
My ROTB precludes:
3 Analytics
I offer the following definitions
IT Law defines constitutionally protected speech as ” The right of protected speech deriving from the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution that reads, "Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech.”
Public colleges and Universities are restricted to”a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government”

Just two months ago America made a decision that turned the world upside down. The seas boiled. The grass burned. Families cried. The political arena erupted in volcanic ashes and the house is now a klans rally. White People have declared wartime emergency. Proclaiming their jobs have been snatched right from their feet, assessing police brutality as a war on their racist white cops.
After times of war, we create dichotomies between “us” and “them”, this both is seen on colleges and universities and the way in which we securitize against “Members of opposing groups” or in this case to protect coddled white students. In Context of the Squo, we securitize against muslim bodies in order to defend white insecurity.
Costanzo and Gerrity 09 Mark Costanzo received his Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of California at Santa Cruz. He is a professor of psychology at Claremont McKenna College and a member of the plenary faculty at Claremont Graduate University. He has published research on a variety of law-related topics including police interrogations, false confessions, jury decision-making, sexual harassment, attorney argumentation, alternative dispute resolution, and the death penalty. Ellen Gerrity has a PHD in behavioral sciences and is a professor at Duke Psychiatry. “The Effects and Effectiveness of Using Torture as an Interrogation Device: Using Research to Inform the Policy Debate”. 2009.
we are especially against an enemy
In Donald Trump’s America, fear, violence and intimidation are taking over college campuses. Vandalism and slurs have surged on college campuses, from "Trump!" graffiti to pushing a Muslim student down a hill

after the 2016 face of bigotry,”
The first amendment is based on a form of black sacrifice – their protests are what created precedents to establish it and now its being used against them. The double standard in American justice systems is so clear.
Lawrence 3 (Charles Lawrence III, “If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus, Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment, pp53-88)OA

protesting students were badges of slavery
 With multiple supreme court appointments awaiting Trump, his resentment for free speech has posed a threat to all first amendment rights.
Randazza, 17.  Marc .. "Is the First Amendment Safe from Donald Trump?" CNN. Cable News Network, 2017. Web. 04 Jan. 2017. OA
Trump has a to be free.

Therefore, Public Colleges and Universities ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech.

We’re not opposing white supremacy with the fierceness he deserves. It is up to Black and Brown people to face the opposition with fierce and unrelenting protest in response to this upcoming counterrevolution deserves.
Friedersdorf, 15’ Conor .. "Free Speech Is No Diversion." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 2015. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. OA
1987, flyers distributed toward greater equality.

Tournament: Scarsdale | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cambridge MB | Judge: Jose Torchio
Regardless of the material impacts we garner from any policy advocacy, there must be an inherent value to the action being taken for the policy to have true meaning. We must engage in policy discussions but policies lose meaning unless they represent a shift towards positive values to the people they affect.
Dr. Tommy J. Curry 1The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014
Debate sees the
AND
An ideological frame
The topic calls into question whether an action taken by a governmental entity is positive in correcting the actions of the police, an institutional force. Therefore the Role of the Ballot is to find the best tangible policy option that best rejects authoritative dehumanization.
Arthur W. Foshay 1991 (“The Curriculum Matrix: Transcendence and Mathematics”, President of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, President of the John Dewey Society, and a Founder of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Attainment, Director of the Bureau of Educational Research, Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, Summer 1991, Vol 6, No 4. 277-293)
The continuing purpose
AND
Of human experience
The role of the judge is to be an educator invested in combatting dominant schools of thought.
Brandon Merrell 1 (“Contrasting Structures, Conditional Strategies: Designing Format-Specific Theories for Competitive Debate”, University of California, San Diego, Ph.D., Political Science (in progress) M.A., Political Science (2015), Southern Illinois University  B.A., Economics and Political Science (2011), Western Kentucky University Undergraduate (2007-2009)
Debate in general
AND
An educational perspective
In the status quo, the lines for what triggers a legitimate qualified immunity claim is blurry. That allows people to come up with arbitrary claims that removes checks on qualified immunity.
David Rudofsky ("The Qualified Immunity Doctrine in the Supreme Court: Judicial Activism and the Restriction of Constitutional Rights" (1989).Faculty Scholarship.Paper 1507. David Rudovsky, one of the nation’s leading civil rights and criminal defense attorneys, practices public interest law with the firm of Kairys, Rudovsky, Messing and Feinberg. He became a Senior Fellow at Penn Law in 1988 and teaches courses in Criminal Law, Constitutional Criminal Procedure and Evidence.
Qualified immunity protects
AND
Of redefining law
Some practices make it impossible to clearly establish a right that was violated. Civil forfeiture is one of those police practices. Since it is a charge brought against property, and property does not have constitutional rights qualified immunity protects them 100 of the time from 100 of responsibility in 100 of civil forfeiture cases.
Joi E. Peake, (Bound by the Sins of Another: Civil Forfeiture and the Lack of Constitutional Protection for Innocent Owners in Bennis v. Michigan, 75N.C. L. Rev.662 (1997).
Civil forfeiture is
AND
Under forfeiture statutes
Certain statutes make it impossible to seek recourse turning the practice into legalized robbery by law enforcement. That erodes the rule of law and severs the trust between the police and citizenry.
Jefferson E. Holcomb 1(Dr. Jeff Holcomb joined the Department of Government and Justice Studies in 2008. He earned a B.S. in Criminology from Auburn University, a M.A. in Criminology and Criminal Justice from Florida State University, and a Ph.D. in Criminology and Criminal Justice from Florida State University, Policing for Profit: The Abuse of Civil Asset Forfeiture, March 2010)
After a seizure
AND
Phones and homes
Our forfeiture practices in the squo are inspired by the racist war on drugs policy.
Jefferson E. Holcomb 2 (Dr. Jeff Holcomb joined the Department of Government and Justice Studies in 2008. He earned a B.S. in Criminology from Auburn University, a M.A. in Criminology and Criminal Justice from Florida State University, and a Ph.D. in Criminology and Criminal Justice from Florida State University, Policing for Profit: The Abuse of Civil Asset Forfeiture, March 2010)
Civil forfeiture use
AND
Generating forfeiture funds
Key examples prove that civil forfeiture unchecked and unaccountable is used to engage in racial profiling.
Ben Fenwick 1 (Ben Fenwick, an award-winning journalist and former correspondent covering the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, is joining Oklahoma Watch as enterprise editor. Fenwick has more than 25 years of journalism experience. He covered stories such as the Oklahoma City bombing investigation, the trial of Timothy McVeigh and the Moore tornadoes. In 2004, he was embedded with the Oklahoma National Guard reporting from Afghanistan for Reuters and other publications. In 2008, he was an embedded correspondent in Iraq reporting for the Oklahoma Gazette and the Tulsa World. Fenwick also has written for the New York Times, Reason magazine, The Oklahoman, Oklahoma Today, and other organizations. Most recently, he was news director at KGOU Radio, “Most Police Seizures of Cash Come from Blacks, Hispanics”, October 7, 2015)
Civil asset forfeiture
AND
Impede those efforts
This is indicative of a systemic problem when we give the police unbridles power with no responsibility.
Ben Fenwick 2 (Ben Fenwick, an award-winning journalist and former correspondent covering the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, is joining Oklahoma Watch as enterprise editor. Fenwick has more than 25 years of journalism experience. He covered stories such as the Oklahoma City bombing investigation, the trial of Timothy McVeigh and the Moore tornadoes. In 2004, he was embedded with the Oklahoma National Guard reporting from Afghanistan for Reuters and other publications. In 2008, he was an embedded correspondent in Iraq reporting for the Oklahoma Gazette and the Tulsa World. Fenwick also has written for the New York Times, Reason magazine, The Oklahoman, Oklahoma Today, and other organizations. Most recently, he was news director at KGOU Radio, “Most Police Seizures of Cash Come from Blacks, Hispanics”, October 7, 2015)
Racism is prevalent
AND
Officers’ racial presumptions
The race and class based targeting of the war on drugs not only yields systemic impacts but also materializes into national disturbances like over incarceration which results in prison overflow and the same rhetoric used back then is resurfacing now.
Paul D. Butler (Professor, Georgetown University Law Center; Yale College, B.A.; Harvard Law School, J.D. For helpful comments on this Essay, I thank Kristin Henning, Allegra McLeod, Gary Peller, Louis Michael Seidman, Abbe Smith, Robin West, and the participants in a faculty workshop at Florida State University College of Law. I am also grateful for the excellent editorial assistance of Robert Quigley, Yale Law School, J.D. 2014, “Poor People Lose: Gideon and the Critique of Rights” 2013)
In 1960, the
AND
Of American leaders
Asset seizures without limits gives police officers the ability to invest in militarization projects.
Robert O’Harrow Jr. (Robert O’Harrow Jr. is a reporter with the investigative unit of The Washington Post who has focused on privacy, national security, federal contracting and the financial world. In two decades at The Post, he has won multiple journalism awards. They include the 2013 Sigma Delta Chi Award for Zero Day, a series about cybersecurity and cyberwar, and a regional Emmy for a Zero Day video. O’Harrow previously won the top prize from Investigative Reporters and Editors for exposing fraud, waste and abuse in homeland security contracting. He was a Pulitzer Prize Finalist twice. “Asset seizures fuel police spending”, October 11, 2014)
Police agencies have
AND
Floating slush fund
Militarizing police turns them into a militia oriented into eliminating the surrounding enemies in this case the public.
Jesse Singal (Singal has a Master’s in Public Affairs from Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, where my studies focused on on domestic policy, particularly inequality, the legal system, and how the two connect, and after grad school he spent nine months in Germany as a Bosch Fellow. “How Militarizing Police Can Increase Violence”, August 14, 2014)
Military equipment is
AND
Something is triggered
This is historically proven in Ferguson where civil forfeiture funds play a huge part in acquiring weaponry that turns the citizens into objects for state.
Eapen Thampy (Eapen Thampy is the Missouri Director of the Our America Initiative and the founder and Director of Americans for Forfeiture Reform, a nonpartisan advocacy organization advocating for the reform of America's asset forfeiture laws. “Police Militarization in Ferguson, Missouri Funded by Asset Forfeiture and Federal Partnerships.” August 15, 2014)
Those interested in
AND
Departments actual budgets
Thus the plan- The United States Federal Government should limit qualified immunity by forcing all police officers to justify their actions in civil asset forfeiture cases. Qualified immunity is trapped full of loopholes that excludes people’s cases from ever being discussed writing off their scenario by trapping them in a cycle that refuses to develop the law.
Alan K. Chen (He is a professor at Sturm College. He has also written numerous scholarly articles, and his work has been published in many of the leading national law journals, including the Columbia Law Review, Michigan Law Review, Vanderbilt Law Review, and Iowa Law Review. Since joining the Sturm College of Law faculty in 1992, Chen has received several awards for his teaching, contributions to the law review, and pro bono legal work. "Qualified Immunity Limiting Access to Justice and Impeding Development of the Law”, 2015)
Qualified immunity means
AND
Becoming clearly established
Including these cases into the narrative of the court results in an explosion of unpublished opinions which are necessary to create substantive change and adhere to law development
David R. Cleveland, (David R. Cleveland received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Chemistry and Economics with a minor in Mathematics from Macalester college and a Juris Doctorate from the University of Minnesota. He is admitted to practice law in the state of Minnesota, is a registered solicitor for England and Wales and a registered patent attorney with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Clear As Mud: How The Uncertain Precedential Status Of Unpublished Opinions Muddles Qualified Immunity Determinations, 65 U. Miami L. Rev. 45 (2015)
Unpublished opinions should
AND
Level of abstraction

Tournament: NDCA National Championships | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker EM | Judge: Arjun Tambe
It’s time to speak up. We need to stop hiding as we have for so long. We cannot abstract from the fact that our problems are material and require tangible solutions. It starts with changing the value structure that governs our lives.
Dr. Tommy J. Curry 1The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014
Debate sees the…an ideological frame
The values in the squo uniquely are built on the exclusion of black voices. It becomes our responsibility to redefine the model of understanding. This first starts with the release of black voices. Therefore, the Role of the Judge is to vote for the best strategy that allows for the amplification of black voices.
 Curry Curry, Tommy J. doctor in Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, Texas A and M University In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical. 2013.  
Ought implies a… of white supremacy

Black voices need to be included as the starting point. All throughout history black folk have been telling us that and yet we have refused to listen. Including unique black voices that have been moral leaders for the community is a necessary starting point for mobilizing action. This controls the internal link to any solvency claims. Therefore, the Role of the Ballot is to endorse black testimony as a modem for understanding oppression.
Yancy George;( Prof of Philosophy @ Duquesne University “Black Bodies, White Gazes THE CONTINUING SIGNIFICANCE OF RACE Journal of Speculative Philosophy 19.4 (2005) 215-241. 2008)
Personal existential context… of human value

Black leaders have always emphasized that the arena for black liberation starts with the pursuit and protection of constitutionally protected speech. Enter the King. 

Moshman, David. (David Moshman blogs about intellectual freedom in education. He has served as president of the ACLU of Nebraska and of the Academic Freedom Coalition of Nebraska. A professor emeritus of educational psychology at the University of Nebraska−Lincoln, his publications on reasoning, rationality, adolescence, development, education, and human rights have been cited in thousands of scholarly books, journal articles, and dissertations.  "Martin Luther King on the First Amendment." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 04 Jan. 2016. Web. 07 Apr. 2017. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-moshman/martin-luther-king-on-the_b_8911848.html.DA)
The semester saw… requiring trigger warnings

The youth are a specific starting point for creating change but black youth on speech need to understand the power of dialogue through experience both of using and combatting it. They have an X factor that can spark activism.

David Rosenberg (David Rosenberg is Gluskin Sheff + Associates Inc.’s chief economist and strategist . Rosenberg received both a Bachelor of Arts and Masters of Arts degree in economics from the University of Toronto. Rosenberg was chief North American economist at Bank of America-Merrill Lynch in New York for seven years, during which he was consistently ranked in the Institutional Investor All-Star analyst rankings.  “Racist Speech the First Amendment and Public Universities: Taking a Stand on Neutrality”, 76 Cornell L. Rev. 549 (1991)
The safeguards of… discourse against tolerance
There needs to be a focus on the understanding of the question of opposition. We cannot silence the critics. They create a web of thought necessary for self evaluation.

W.E.B. Du Bois (W.E.B. Du Bois was a doctoral student at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University (in 1895), and was awarded an honorary doctoral degree from Humboldt-Universität in 1958. Du Bois was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor “THE SOULS OF BLACK FOLK”. 1903)
The strong and… of modern society

We seed power to dangerous institutions the second we give them power to suppress the ability to engage in any form of speech. This harms an overall public good. Even in the midst of the experience of a slave, in the ultimate denial of rights, there was never a violation that black leaders dug less than violating the right to free speech.

Douglass, Frederick (Frederick Douglass was an eminent human rights leader in the anti-slavery movement and the first African-American citizen to hold a high U.S. government rank “A Plea for Free Speech in Boston".1860)
Are we going… of his money
Thus the plan: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.

Integrating the youth as the epicenter for real world change is not a sudden phenomenon. It was the core of the civil rights movement over 50 years. Black voices scream to be heard. The question becomes one of whether we cover their mouths or give them a megaphone.

Anderson, Melinda D. (Melinda D Anderson is a contributor for the Atlantic based in Washington D.C. She is a founding member of EduColor, an inclusive collective of educators, parents, students, writers and activists that cultivates and promotes diverse voices in the public education conversation and policymaking process"The Other Student Activists." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 23 Nov. 2015. Web. 07 Apr. 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/11/student-activism-history-injustice/417129/.DA)
From its inception… and mobilize peers
This is functionally a reparation for black people. Black protest created the basis for the understanding of free speech. We just want to reap what we sow instead of being thrown to the wayside.
Lawrence 3 (Charles Lawrence III, “If He Hollers Let Him Go: Regulating Racist Speech on Campus, Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment, pp53-88)OA
Protesting students were… badges of slavery

Hate speech codes are the easy way out. It only reinforces white tendency to view racism on a purely individual level.
Tim Wise, 5’ "Racism, Free Speech, and the College Campus," Lip Magazine, December 23, 2005. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and author. OA
The least costly… bosses among others