Tournament: Yale | Round: 5 | Opponent: Lexington NN | Judge: Charlotte Lawrence

Counterplan: the ~aff actor~ should substantially increase its funding for Gen IV reactors with the ability to reprocess waste and significantly increase safety for the Metsamor plant

solves meltdowns—they have a different cooldown mechanisms

Martin 16
~Richard Martin—I am the senior editor for energy at MIT Technology Review. My book Coal Wars: The Future of Energy and The Fate of the Planet was published in April 2015 by Palgrave Macmillan., "China could have a meltdown-proof nuclear reactor next year," Feb 11 2016, MIT Technology Review~
In what would be a milestone for advanced nuclear power, China's Nuclear Engineering Construction
AND
goal is to eliminate or greatly reduce waste by recycling the spent fuel.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison LC | Judge: Carlos Taylor

States CP

====Text: The 50 states and all sovereign territories should prohibit the production of civilian nuclear power. ====

Solves the aff

Lucas 79
Patricia Lucas, Nuclear Waste Management: A Challenge to Federalism, 7 Ecology L.Q. (1979). Available at: http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/elq/vol7/iss4/ VP
One of the most troublesome legal aspects of nuclear waste management is whether control should
AND
prevent a local siting, and the state statutory prohibitions express such demands.

Energy policy requires state primacy

Thompson and Arroyo 11
Vivian Thomson, an Associate Professor in the Departments of Politics and Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia. She also directs the Environmental Thought and Practice program, a selective interdisciplinary BA program, and she is director of the University of Virginia's Panama Initiative AND Vicki Arroyo is the Executive Director of Georgetown's Climate Center at Georgetown Law, "UPSIDE-DOWN COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM: CLIMATE CHANGE POLICYMAKING AND THE STATES", 29 Va. Envtl. L.J. 11, Lexis
When it comes to fixing the broken politics of global warming in the United States
AND
for a new, "upside-down" model of cooperative federalism.

Federalism stops global wars and structural violence—best studies

Lawoti 9 -prof poli sci, Western Michgian-9- Professor of Political Science at Western Michigan University (Mahendra, "Federalism for Nepal", Telegraph Nepal, 3/18, http://www.telegraphnepal.com/backup/telegraph/news_det.php?news_id=5041)//MC
Cross-national studies covering over 100 countries have shown that federalism minimizes violent conflicts
AND
Tomorrow: Voices and visions" edited by D.B. Gurung.

American federalism is modeled globally.

Krotoszynski 10. Ronald J., Director of Faculty Research, and Professor of Law, University of Alabama School of Law The Shot (Not) Heard 'Round the World: Reconsidering the Perplexing U.S. Preoccupation with the Separation of Executive and Legislative Powers, Boston College Law Review 51:1 http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3103andcontext=bclrandsei-redir=1andreferer=http3A2F2Fscholar.google.com2Fscholar3Fstart3D2026q3Damerican2Bmodel2Bjudicial2Breview2Bexecutive2Binternational26hl3Den26as_sdt3D02C1826as_ylo3D2009~~#search=22american20model20judicial20review20executive20international22
The United States has been both an importer and an exporter of constitutional structure since
AND
and enforce- ment of the boundaries between legislative and executive power.24

Tournament: Voices RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lynbrook HW | Judge: Panel

Counterplan: _ should remove all government subsidies and involvement in the nuclear power industry

Counterplan solves the aff—nuclear power is phased out since they rely on government subsidies

Negin 10
~Elliott Negin, "Nuclear Power: Too Costly to Revive," Jan 21 2010, GreenTech Media~
Taxpayers should be skeptical about such guarantees. First, projected construction costs have been
AND
"too cheap to meter" may now be too costly to revive.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brentwood RY | Judge: Kris Kaya

Counterplan: north korea should increase its desal plants

Viable in poorer and water-stressed areas—SMRs key

IAEA 7
"Economics of Nuclear Desalination: New Developments and Site Specific Studies", July, http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/te_1561_web.pdf
 With technical co-ordination or support of the IAEA, several demonstration programs
AND
appropriate for remote areas that are not suitable for connections to the grid.

Massive global water shortages are coming now—population growth, climate change, higher standard of living

Specter 15
~Michael Specter—staff writer at The New Yorker since 1998, and has written frequently about AIDS, T.B., and malaria in the developing world, as well as about agricultural biotechnology, avian influenza, the world's diminishing freshwater resources, and synthetic biology; "A Thirsty, Violent World," Feb 24 2015, New Yorkr~ dz
Dozens of other countries face similar situations—not someday, or soon, but
AND
going to be profound changes in the water cycle due to climate change."

Only desalination can meet growing water shortages

Orts 13
~Eric Orts, Faculty Director, Initiative for Global Environmental Leadership; "The Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water," Jun 2013, Wharton~dz
Once we exhaust the world's supply of fresh water, there isn't any more.
AND
a Year as World Water Dries Up," declared a recent Bloomberg headline.

Only nuclear power provides sufficient energy for desalination

IAEA 15 ~— widely known as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization within the United Nations family. Set up in 1957 as the world's centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member dz
AND
for coupling nuclear reactors and desalination systems for specific sites in the Mediterranean region

The impact is accelerating water crises—escalate and cause extinction

Gallagher 15
~Brian Gallagher—assistant research editor at Nautilus; "Why A Post-Nuclear World Would Look Nothing Like "Mad Max"," Nautilus, Jun 27 2015~ dz
Mad Max: Fury Road envisions an embarrassing, nightmarish future. Worldwide droughts have
AND
, there would no longer be billions of people drinking the world dry.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison LC | Judge: Carlos Taylor

Clinton has close lead now but increased unpopularity would swing the election

Keating 9/14
~Christopher Keating—Contact Reporter, "Quinnipac Poll Shows Clinton, Trump Race," Sep 14 2016, Hartford Courants~
 In an ever-tightening, increasingly negative presidential campaign, a new national
AND
one of them — rather than chiefly voting in favor of a candidate..

Public support for nuke power now

Riffkin 15
Gallup, Inc., 3-30-15, "U.S. Support for Nuclear Energy at 51," Gallup, http://www.gallup.com/poll/182180/support-nuclear-energy.aspx
WASHINGTON, D.C. — A slim majority of Americans (51)
AND
that Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster took place shortly after polling in 2011.

And, Obama supports nuke power now-abrupt policy shift tanks his pol cap – he'll look like a hypocrite

"FACT SHEET: Obama Administration Announces Actions to Ensure That Nuclear Energy Remains a Vibrant Component of the United States' Clean Energy Strategy." The White House. The White House, 06 Nov. 2015. Web. 18 Aug. 2016.
As detailed in the Climate Action Plan, President Obama is committed to using every
AND
nation's energy system: energy security, economic competitiveness, and environmental responsibility.

And, nuclear energy will become the key spinning factor for Republicans because of Clinton's lack of support and Obama's current policy – Republicans will pit nuclear power policy against Clinton regardless of her actual policy

Siciliano 16 John Siciliano, 1-10-2016, "The 2016 politics of nuclear energy," Washington Examiner, http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/the-2016-politics-of-nuclear-energy/article/2579855
The presidential election may offer hope for a resurgence of interest in nuclear energy.
AND
commission's funding. McCullum said the commission has been "eeking" along.

====Trump is in favor of nuclear power====
Follett 16 Andrew Follett, 2-20-2016, "Here's Where The 2016 Candidates Stand On Nuclear Power," Daily Caller, http://dailycaller.com/2016/02/20/heres-where-the-2016-candidates-stand-on-nuclear-power/
The real estate mogul has made strong public statements supporting nuclear power, but tends
AND
Saudi Arabia times 100 of natural gas, but we don't use it." 

GOP win means Ukraine interventionism

Menyhert, Free Russia Foundation, 15
 Kyle Menyhert-Columnist of Free Russia Foundation, "U.S. – RUSSIA RELATIONS AFTER 2016: ISOLATION, ENGAGEMENT OR CONFRONTATION?", http://www.4freerussia.org/u-s-russia-relations-after-2016-isolation-engagement-or-confrontation/
Considerable consensus is evident among the other Republican Party candidates in regards to the Ukraine
AND
with Senator Paul or Senator Sanders, or uncharted isolation with Donald Trump.

Ukraine intervention causes extinction

Baum, Executive Director @ Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, 14 
 Seth Baum, Ph.D. in Geography @Pennsylvania State University and a Post-Doctoral Fellowship @ Columbia University Center for Research on Environmental Decisions, "Best And Worst Case Scenarios for Ukraine Crisis: World Peace And Nuclear War," Huffington Post, May 7, 2014, http://tinyurl.com/lxx49og
Here's the short version: The best case scenario has the Ukraine crisis being resolved
AND
this incident is that nuclear war could begin even during periods of cam. 

Independently Trump creates lots of oppression

Rosenfeld 9/3
~Rosenfeld covers national political issues for AlterNet, including America's retirement crisis, democracy and voting rights, and campaigns and elections. He is the author of "Count My Vote: A Citizen's Guide to Voting," Steven Rosenfeld, Trump's mass deportation machine: He'll create an American police state equal to Nazi Germany, Sep 3 2016, Salon.com~
Donald Trump's pledge this week to speedily deport "anyone who has entered the United
AND
, are appalling and could transform the country into an unrecognizable police state.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison LC | Judge: Carlos Taylor

Perception of nuclear-powered submarines are core part of the US naval defense

Majumbar 15
~Dave Majumbar, "Nuclear Submarines: America's New Aircraft Carriers?" Apr 7 2015, National Interest~
A new class of nuclear-powered guided missile submarines could be the key to
AND
that submarines might be the best option during high-end combat operations. 

Every sub in the military uses nuclear power—the aff gets rid of them

Holmes 14
~Professor of Strategy at the Naval War College and coauthor of Red Star over the Pacific. The views voiced here are his alone; "U.S. Submarines: Run Silent, Run Deep...On Diesel Engines?," Sep 18 2014, The National Interest~
"Underway on nuclear power", radioed the skipper of USS Nautilus in 1955,
AND
time. No U.S. shipbuilder even constructs diesel boats nowadays. 

The impact is Chinese aggression—failure to assert US hegemony near SCS and Taiwan escalate and cause war

Jacobs 15
~Bruce Jacobs, "Appeasement will only encourage China," The Sydney Morning Herald, Nov 1 2015~
World attention has again focused on our region of the globe, with the American
AND
democratic coalition in Asia prepared to prevent China from starting a major war.

Nuke war!!

Rando 15 
(9/29, Consultant- Asymmetric Global Solutions DBA, MPH/MS-Biomedical Sciences and US Correspondent-Chemical, Biological, Nuclear Warfare Journal, Fire on the Water: The South China Sea and Nuclear Confrontation, http://www.cbrneportal.com/fire-on-the-water-the-south-china-sea-and-nuclear-confrontation/)
The dependence of China and other regional nations surrounding the South China Sea on the
AND
, while at the same time maintaining our national defense and security postures.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: Octas | Opponent: Peninsula IG | Judge: Panel

US carbon emissions low now due to a slump in coal-on track to meet environmental goals

McMahon 6/23 ~Jeff McMahon, contributor at Forbes, "U.S. On Track To Achieve 2030 Emissions Goals In 2016," Forbes Magazine, June 23, 2016, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2016/06/23/u-s-on-track-to-achieve-2030-emissions-goals-in-2016/~~#fa3d9fa42c8e~~ JW
A dramatic slump in coal production has pushed U.S. carbon emissions so
AND
," Cohan said, "if the Clean Power Plan is not implemented." 

Closing nuclear plants forces increased fossil fuel use

Roston 15 ~Eric Roston, writer for Bloomberg, "Why Nuclear Power Is All but Dead in the U.S." Bloomberg News, April 15, 2015, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-04-15/soon-it-may-be-easier-to-build-a-nuclear-plant-in-iran-than-in-the-u-s-~~ JW
*ellipsis from original text
Say what? The U.S. achieved
AND
of this is taking place under the mantle of economic and ecological modernization.

Fossil fuels screw over indigenous communities

Kernan 15
Mark Kernan, 8-20-2015, "The Economics of Exploitation: Indigenous Peoples and the Impact of Resource Extraction," counterpunch.org, http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/08/20/the-economics-of-exploitation-indigenous-peoples-and-the-impact-of-resource-extraction/
Since the advent of the current round of economic globalisation, in the last quarter
AND
, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much."

High probability risk of extinction from climate change

Meyer 4/29 ~Robinson Meyer, associate editor at The Atlantic, where he covers technology, "Human Extinction Isn't That Unlikely," The Atlantic, April 29, 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/04/a-human-extinction-isnt-that-unlikely/480444/~~ JW
Nuclear war. Climate change. Pandemics that kill tens of millions. These are
AND
climate scientists agree that the same phenomenon would follow any major nuclear exchange.)

Tournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Message me on Facebook for disclosure information. I only disclose stuff that are mine, but I'll talk about my previous strats and stuff.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: LHP SG | Judge: Bennett Eckert

Their analysis transforms politics into self-promotion—stops class consciousness which is larger than personal politics

Smulewicz-Zucker and Thompson 15, Gregory Smulewicz-Zucker is Managing Editor of Logos and adjunct professor of Philosophy at Baruch College, CUNY. Michael J. Thompson is Founding Editor of Logos and Associate Professor of Political Theory, Winter 2015, The Treason of Intellectual Radicalism and the Collapse of Leftist Politics
The collapse of Marxism not only weakened labor movement radicalism, it caused a more
AND
and the organization of social structure, but instead the product of discourse.

The impact is extinction and controls the root cause to militarism – neoliberal social organization ensures extinction from resource wars, climate change, and structural violence – only accelerating beyond neoliberalism can resolve its impacts

Williams and Srnicek 13(Alex, PhD student at the University of East London, presently at work on a thesis entitled 'Hegemony and Complexity', Nick, PhD candidate in International Relations at the London School of Economics, Co-authors of the forthcoming Folk Politics, 14 May 2013, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/05/14/accelerate-manifesto-for-an-accelerationist-politics/)
At the begin¬ning of the second dec¬ade of the Twenty-First Cen¬tury, global
AND
lost possible futures, and indeed the recovery of the future as such.

The alternative is to vote negative to affirm an accelerationist politics – we must re-claim collective mastery to accelerate through capitalism – creating leftist hegemony through public institutions is necessary to overcome both neoliberalism and folk politics

Williams and Srnicek 13(Alex, PhD student at the University of East London, presently at work on a thesis entitled 'Hegemony and Complexity', Nick, PhD candidate in International Relations at the London School of Economics, Co-authors of the forthcoming Folk Politics, 14 May 2013, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/05/14/accelerate-manifesto-for-an-accelerationist-politics/)
16. We have three medium term concrete goals. First, we need to
AND
once again, unfasten¬ing our hori¬zons towards the uni¬ver¬sal pos¬sib¬il¬it¬ies of the Outside.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Servite PA | Judge: Panel

Biblical Christianity justifies racism and slavery

Giberson, Religion PHD, 15
Karl Giberson, Ph.D, Professor of Science and Religion, Stonehill College 6-24-2015, "The Biblical Roots of Racism," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/karl-giberson-phd/the-biblical-roots-of-racism_b_7649390.html
The tragic shooting in South Carolina offers another painful reminder of American Christianity's troubled relationship
AND
will be struggling with its mixed messages about the meaning of the races.

This is an independent voting issue-racism must be rejected in every cases

Memmi 2k (Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ University Of Paris; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163)

The struggle against racism will be long, difficult, without intermission, without
AND
. True, it is a wager, but the stakes are irresistible.

You cannot separate the debaters from the discourse-this is an independent voting issue

Vincent 13
Chris Vincent, Re-Conceptualizing our Performances: Accountability in Lincoln Douglas Debate, Vbriefly, 2013.  NS
The question then becomes how does our discourse justify what we believe? For many
AND
color, and in turn destroy the transformative potential this community could have.

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Del Mar FK | Judge: Scott Wheeler

their speech act undermines vital military strategy

EYAGO 05 Political Commentary – Sound Politics Reporter ~7/8, http://www.soundpolitics.com/archives/004721.html, Sound Commentary on Current Events in Seattle, Puget Sound and Washington State~
Finally, I am angry at those who undermine our efforts to conduct this war
AND
our public leaders. What they do for political gain is completely unconscionable.

Heg solves several scenarios for war and extinction

Bradley A. Thayer, November/December, 2006 "In Defense of Primacy," NATIONAL INTEREST Issue 86
THROUGHOUT HISTORY, peace and stability have been great benefits of an era where there
AND
, for the United States humanitarian missions are the equivalent of a blitzkrieg.

Vote neg to align ourselves with hegemony – the academic sphere of debate is key

Mearsheimer 1995 Professor of Political Science and the co-director of the Program on International Security Policy at the University of Chicago. West Point graduate, retired Air Force officer (John, Professor Political Science at the University of Chicago, International Security, Summer, p. 93)
The discussion of institutions up to now has a distinct academic flavor. However,
AND
-causing effects of institutions until they have solid evidence to support their positions

Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Brentwood RY | Judge: Kris Kaya

Securitization of North Korean war turns case – ethical obligation to reject it

Bleiker 5 – Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland (Roland, "Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland," University of Minnesota Press, google books, x-xi)
The dangers of North Korea's nuclear brinkmanship are evident and much discussed. Miscalculation or
AND
with new and more sensitive attempts to address the dilemmas of Korean security. 

North Korean threat is socially constructed and racist —- motivates imperial aggression and conflict

Lal 09 (Prerna, JD – George Washington University and MA in International Relations – San Franscisco State University, "North Korea Is Not a Threat – Unveiling Hegemonic Discourses", 4-5, http://prernalal.com/2009/04/ north-korea-is-not-a-threat-unveiling-hegemonic-discourses/)
That security is socially constructed does not mean that there are not to be found
AND
be an entity sometime in the near future and become into Korea again. 

Representations of North Korea are rooted in ideological hegemony not objective data

David Shim, Phd Candidate @ GIGA Institute of Asian Studies, 08 ~Paper prepared for presentation at the 2008 ISA, Production, Hegemonization and Contestation of Discursive Hegemony: The Case of the Six-Party Talks in Northeast Asia, www.allacademic.com/meta/p253290_index.html~
Laclau and Mouffe's (2001: chapter 2) concept of hegemony, which is
AND
practices of problematizing North Korea took place even before an action was done. 

Their representations are a product of imperialism and media bias

Alexandra Homolar-Riechmann, @ Peace Research Institute Frankfurt and Kings College, 09 ~Prepared for delivery at the 2009 Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association, "Rebels without a cause: US foreign policy and the concept of rogue states," p. allacademic~
The 1993-94 North Korean nuclear crisis had a profound impact on the development
AND
, politics, and policies (cf. Bleiker 2003; Smith 2000). 

Cold War conceptions of Asia aren't true anymore – disproving the myth of an apocalyptic North Korea is key

Kang 03. David (Professor of International Relations and Business, Director of Korean Studies Institute), Getting Asia Wrong: The Need for New Analytical Frameworks International Security, Volume 27, Number 4, Spring 2003, pp. 57-85 MUSE
Following the end of the Cold War in 1991, some scholars in the West
AND
" response is mere rhetorical wordplay designed to avoid trou-  bling evidence.    

Threat discourse distracts from mass structural violence — that outweighs

Jackson 12—Director of the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, the University of Otago. Former. Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University (8/5/12, Richard, The Great Con of National Security, http://richardjacksonterrorismblog.wordpress.com/2012/08/05/the-great-con-of-national-security/)
It may have once been the case that being attacked by another country was a
AND
terrorism. Somehow, we need to challenge the politicians on this fact.

Teaching fear is the infusion point of militarism – justifies perpetual war, colonialism, and academic racism – rejection destabilizes the foundations of interventionism – a-priori issue of your ballot

Nguyen 14 ~Nicole, Department of Cultural Foundations of Education at Syracuse University, January 21, "Education as Warfare?: Mapping Securitised Education Interventions as War on Terror Strategy," Vol. 1 No. 1, pg. 20-6~
Since September 11, the US has renewed its focus on domestic education as a
AND
critical thinking for democratic participation to training young people for the war on terror

Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Interlake RM | Judge: Preetham Chippadda

Prolif is an epistemological excuse for violence – their discourse wrecks alternative approaches – and trades off with structural violence

Woods 7 Matthew, PhD in IR @ Brown - Researcher @ Thomas Watson Institute of International Relations ~Journal of Language and Politics 6.1"Unnatural Acts: Nuclear Language, proliferation, and order," p. 116-7~
It is important to identify, expose and understand the successful creation of 'proliferation' as
AND
realizes its ideological preferences while marginalizing other possibilities and co-opting subordinates. 

Terrorism discourse privileges national security, intervention, and causes serial policy failure

Bartolucci 12 — research fellow and lecturer in the politics of terrorism at Bradford University (Valentina, 12/15/12, "Terrorism rhetoric under the Bush Administration: Discourses and effects," Journal of Language and Politics 11(4), EBSCO)
This article has attempted to provide the reader with a first glimpse of some of
AND
to carefully assess if the benefits of adopting it surpass the negative effects.

Hypernationalist depictions of foreign policy causes serial policy failure and counterbalancing which turns case

Walt 14 ~Stephen, Robert and Renée Belfer Professor of International Relations at Harvard University, January 14, "National Stupidity," http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/01/14/national_stupidity_nationalism_china_american_exceptionalism~~
Yet over time, and especially since the United States became a great power,
AND
the lives of individuals, (national) pride goeth before a fall.

The NPT has already failed—"business as usual" politics risk self-destruction

Graham 08—Thomas Graham Jr., Chairman of the Board of the Cypress Fund for Peace and Security, former senior U.S. diplomat ~2008, edited by Richard Falk and David Krieger, At the Nuclear Precipice, ch. 4, "U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy and International Law" pg. 51-52~
But the success of the NPT was no accident. It was rooted in a
AND
what was supposed to happen pursuant to the central bargain of the NPT.

The NPT is a part of a larger imperial strategy that causes aggressive war

Falk 08—professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University ~2008, edited by Richard Falk and David Krieger, At the Nuclear Precipice, ch. 3, "Non-Proliferation Treaty Illusions and International Lawlessness," pg. 47~
There is also a need to evaluate whether the NPT as interpreted is advancing the
AND
history includes a persisting refusal to repudiate the past uses of such weapons.

The 1AC harms claims are manufactured – the threat industry fabricates danger to justify military expansion

Pieterse 7
~Jan Nederveen, professor of sociology at the University of Illinois, Review of International Political Economy, Vol. 14, No. 3, Aug., "Political and Economic Brinkmanship," p. 473-4~
Brinkmanship and producing instability carry several meanings. The American military spends 48 of
AND
the need for postwar planning (Packer, 2005; Lang, 2004).

Teaching fear is the infusion point of militarism – justifies perpetual war, colonialism, and academic racism – rejection destabilizes the aff mindset.

Nguyen 14 ~Nicole, Department of Cultural Foundations of Education at Syracuse University, January 21, "Education as Warfare?: Mapping Securitised Education Interventions as War on Terror Strategy," Vol. 1 No. 1, pg. 20-6~
Since September 11, the US has renewed its focus on domestic education as a
AND
when a young brown boy opened a Qur'an to pray. Students articulated what 

Vote neg to reject the 1AC's enframing—only this accesses a healthy middle ground.

Cheeseman and Bruce 96 (Graeme Cheeseman, Snr. Lecturer @ New South Wales, and Robert Bruce, 1996, Discourses of Danger and Dread Frontiers, p. 5-9)
This goal is pursued in ways which are still unconventional in the intellectual milieu of
AND
constructive contribution to debate by those who are the targets of its criticisms.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 4 | Opponent: Interlake RM | Judge: Preetham Chippadda

Interpretation: if the affirmative defends the whole resolution, they must specify a method of implementation

Standards:

Ground

Policymaking education

Elmore 80 Prof. Public Affairs at University of Washington, 1980  PolySci Quarterly 79-80, p. 605,
The emergence of implementation... realm of implementation.

Real world decision making is a voter.

Strait and Wallace 7
L. Paul Strait George Mason University and Brett Wallace. George Washington University. The scope of negative fiat and the logic of decision making. 2007.
Why debate? Some do it... used to make decisions.