Tournament: TOC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Palo Alto FZ | Judge: Devane Murphy

Blackness is a spectrum and positionality. We are blackened by our experiences with anitblack and antibrown oppression. We choose to blacken ourselves – identify with our race over our ethnicity. Race as a concept is made coherent through the binary opposition of blackness and whiteness. We choose to identify with blackness instead of a talking a flight towards whiteness, which is a tool of multiculturalism to detach and isolate our resistance.

That's why I choose to identify with blackness. India is implicated in the history of the middle passage. We know that Africans went into the slave ship and came out as blacks, but the exploitation of south Asian workers is an overlook embedded piece of the atlantic slave trade. Cullies were colonized by the same imperialist system that birthed antiblackness. The history and the identification of our bodies are inherently tied.

We were never meant to survive.

Everything is controlled

Everything is ripped from us

Thus the impact - criminalization of black bodies stems from an anti-black system that creates a biopolitical mode of power that works to manage life. The pathologization of blackened bodies degrades our value down to expendability which justifies the state-sanctioned violence inflicted on our communities – police-enacted murders, modern lynching, cutting social programs, criminalization, and exploitation. The American imagery of a legalized culture of violence extends from the physical, structural, and psychological impositions on queer black women that excludes our life from holding any meaning.

Alexis Gumbs 1. Ph. D Duke University. 2010. "We can learn to mother ourselves, the queer survival of black feminism 1968-1996." p.p. 50-55.
This survival refers not just to ideology but also to spirit. My interpretation of
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survival, if possible, relies on access to a means of expression.

They try to sap our psychic energy but we refuse to play into the reproduction of the 1ac's antiblack world, refuse to let them exploit our labor.

We were never meant to survive

Yet we SURVIVE

The 1NC stands in affirmation of queer black mothering. Queer representations of mothering challenge heteropatriarchal capitalism and create a disruptive energy for counter narrative that offers an alternative to the current reproductive narrative of criminality.

Alexis Gumbs 2. Ph. D Duke University. 2010. "We can learn to mother ourselves, the queer survival of black feminism 1968-1996." p.p. 50-55.
If queer theory is meant to challenges the "reproductive narrative" as it emerges
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the essays fall in line with the parameters Warner sets in the introduction.

Key part of this methodology is taking an intergenerational approach - we queer the term mother and raise the question of futurity to destroy the reproductive narrative. By rejecting the violence that has been historically inflicted upon our bodies, we advance a future infused in self-affirmation, self-love, and dynamics forms of community that allow the blackened to reconceptualize what it means to live and imagine a future outside of the current one of antiblackness. We advance the politics of survival.

We survive

We rewrite the present

Create it and maintain it

For our queer children

Where the violence is not from the melanin on our skin

Or the biological sex of our bodies

Where to survive does not mean to have your heart beat

It is to LIVE
It is to LOVE

To bring life to death

Thus … the role of the ballot is to endorse the debater who best performatively and methodology inserts their body into their politics to expose systems of domination.

The way we interact in interpersonal relationships within this space determines how we engage with the world outside. Debate as a space of communication, performance, and interpersonal interactions is formative for what we do out there. If we allow issues of race and dominance to be marginalized, our actions are going to be exported to enact actions in the future.

Instead, we should utilize the unique context of communication and performance to insert our self into our politics - to analyze how we can use our positionality to tear down structures of domination that can be exported for us in the future – we must center our politics on our body.

Thus we must center our politics on our interpersonal relationship with structures that naturalize domination – Since debate is part of the social processes that normalizing racialized dominance, inserting our body into our politics is prerequisite to a) expose the invisibility of whiteness and b) enact policies that don't recreate modern domination.

Tournament: Middleton | Round: Quarters | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The courts aren't clogged now – but management has to be done carefully.

John Bates, 2015. Bates is a United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, "Annual Report 2014," USCourts.gov, http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/annual-report-2014
Judge John D. Bates. It was a great privilege to be only the
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his accomplished leadership skills, will continue the tradition of excellent public service.

Limiting qualified immunity greatly spikes frivolous lawsuits.

Andrew King, 07/01/16.  "KEEP QUALIFIED IMMUNITY…FOR NOW", Mimesis Law. http://mimesislaw.com/fault-lines/keep-qualified-immunity-for-now/11010
Addressing his third suggestion first, it's not a terrible idea on the face of
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. Let's figure out a better one before tearing down the old one.

That tips the scale – collapses the federal judiciary – it overburdens dockets and expansion won't keep pace. Outweighs the case – destroys the foundation of American justice and ensures unequal treatment.

John Oakley, 1996. Oakley is a Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus at the University of California Davis. "The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 543, p. 52—63, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1048447
Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal justice
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would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The 1AC's understanding of police reproduces the colonial rubric of humanity. Qualified immunity attempts to hold individual officers accountable, naturalizing the systemic violence of colonialism. This eradicates explanatory potential for how policing, imprisonment, and genocide are intertwined under coloniality – kills solvency.

Camille Casmier. 2015 10 June. "The Coloniality of Post-Colonial Police Violence". Pg 1-2. Northwestern English and Film Undergraduate.
In Ferguson, Missouri, a young black man is shot dead in the street
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obligation dissipates and the formation of a violent and militant police force begins.

Political tinkering and state reform locks in genocide committed by the white supremist state. The mystified permanence of domestic warfar is hidden behind reformist policies and justified by the left's continued tolerance of dehumanization of black, brown, and aboriginal bodies. Structures of coloniality present us with unending genocide.

Rodriguez '8 ~2008, Dylan Rodriguez is an Assistant Professor at University of California Riverside, Abolition Now! p.93-94~
We are collectively witnessing, surviving, and working in a time of unprecedented state
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radically addresses the moral, cultural, and political premises of these wars. 

The alternative is epistemic disobedience.

The 1NC enactment of epistemic disobedience ruptures coloniality by challenging the rhetoric of modernity and providing a counter-energy to combat it – we are a necessary criticism of hegemonic structures of knowledge that maintain the liberal promises of reform. We open up the possibility to build knowledge that supersedes Western ideology by creating cracks in academic spaces - spatial paradigmatic breaks of epistemic disobedience.

Walter Mignolo, 2011. "Epistemic Disobedience and the Decolonial Option: A Manifesto" Transmodernity (Fall 2011). Pg 44-50.
But the basic formulation of decolonial delinking (e.g., desprendimiento) was
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then, is clear: the destruction of the coloniality of world power. 

Colonial violence is normalized in educational spaces like debate – it dictates which forms of knowledge and discourses are acceptable.

Sefa Dei and Stanley Doyle-Wood, 2007. "Knowledges and Multiple Knowings" The Praeger Handbook of Education and Psychology.
As Philip Corrigan (1990, p. 156) has rightly pointed out schools
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of the physical subjugation, language was the means of the spiritual subjugation."

And debate is uniquely key to enact spaces that severe western epistemologies. We must change the content and the terms of the conversation by epistemically and linguistically rupturing colonial formations.

Walter Mignolo. 2009. "Epistemic disobedience, independent thoughts and decolonial freedom."
The introduction of geo-historical and bio-graphical configurations in processes of knowing
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a detached observed but as the intervention of a de-colonial thinker.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Grievability for the colonial subject is damning – it justifies paternalistic saving of the uncivilized savage. Empathy within colonial frameworks is weaponized to mobilize white populations/colonial subjects against the colonized.

Hari Ziyad, 2015. A writer with a passion for gender/queer/race issues. He runs the blog RaceBaitR, and his work has been featured on Gawker, Out, Mic, The Feminist Wire and Young Colored and Angry, "Empathy Won't Save Us In the Fight Against Oppression. Here's Why." http://www.blackgirldangerous.org/2015/08/empathy-wont-save-us-in-the-fight-against-oppression-heres-why/
"How do we start? We start with education (…) learn as much as
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with the most deadly effects of transantagonism, poor trans people of color.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: Doubles | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The affirmative solvency operates on a fiction of universal citizenship and humanity structured through colonial paradigms. The construction of the prototype human subject necessitates exploitation against the periphery. Juridical attempts to manage who is and is not protected by the government becomes weaponized to fuel white supremacist state. Changing law is pointless unless we change the ideology behind them.

Walter Mignolo, 2006. "Citizen Knowledge and the Limits of Humanity"
When the idea of "citizenship" came into view—and was linked to
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right, the left, and the center) took away from them.

Tournament: Middleton | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

I value justice, as the resolution is a legal question that has societal implications. The nature of justice can be explained by aiming for an equal distribution of opportunities. Justice precludes question of morality since it is a codification of moral sources of action.

The criterion is maximizing societal welfare via utilitarianism.

1) The government must choose realistic policies instead of idealistic ones, which only util can meet as governments only know the general effects of their policies.

Robert Goodin, 1995. Philsopher at the Research School of the Social Sciences, Utilitarianism as Public Philosophy. P. 62-63
Consider, first, the argument from necessity. Public officials are obliged to make
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proceed to calculate the utility payoffs from adopting each alternative possible general rules.

2) No non-arbitrary moral distinction can be made between humans.

analytic

3) All moral systems collapse into an evaluation of end states.

analytic

C1 - Qualified immunity prevents frivolous litigation – limiting it would constrain law enforcement and decrease effective policing.

Andrew King. July 1 2016. Keep qualified immunity…for now. Mimesis Law. http://mimesislaw.com/fault-lines/keep-qualified-immunity-for-now/11010.
Finally, that brings us back to qualified immunity. If you get rid of
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. Let's figure out a better one before tearing down the old one.

The decrease in proactive policing from limits on qualified immunity amplifies the spike in violent crime which creates structural inequality. Police fear of backlash is directly correlated with unprecedented increasing rates of crime.

George Hofstetter. 2016. Proactive policing and the violent crime rate. Association of LA Deputy Sheriffs.
Director Comey received strong backlash from President Obama for similar remarks in 2015, when
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proactive policing, with a rising violent crime rate left in its wake.

C2 - Insurance companies are provided to municipalities' police departments in the status quo – qualified immunity shields insurers from overwhelming financial consequences. Limiting qualified immunity makes rates go too high and departments switch to individual rather than group plans – that kills loss-prevention incentive because individual premiums are too small and enables municipalities to compensate premiums which doesn't hold police accountable.

Radley Balko, 05/01/16
Balko runs "The Watch" a criminal justice blog for the Washington Post, he is also a published author on issues of criminal justice. "How the insurance industry could reform American policing", The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-watch/wp/2016/03/01/how-the-insurance-industry-could-reform-american-policing/
This part of the argument is a little bit speculative, but I think it's
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lot of money — not to mention lives — in the long run.

Insurance providers can spur reform. Insurers try to limit the liability of police departments. However, a lack of loss-prevention incentives kills that pathway and without insurance policies police will just pay with taxpayer dollars.

Martin Kaste, 04/01/16
"When It Comes To Police Reform, Insurance Companies May Play A Role" http://www.npr.org/2016/04/01/472564258/when-it-comes-to-police-reform-insurance-companies-may-play-a-role
For all the talk in the last couple of years about reforming police, there
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from pushing hard on a law enforcement agency to reform," Schwartz says.