Tournament: Lincoln Southwest Silver Talon | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lincoln LR | Judge: Payton Shudak

Court Clog DA

Qualified immunity prevents people from filing frivolous lawsuits which prevent courts from being flooded

Putnam and Ferri 92
Charles T. Putnam* and Charles T. Ferri, BRIDGEPORT LAW REVIEW QUINNIPIAC 1992 COLLEGE, DEFENDING A MALIGNED DEFENSE: THE POLICY BASES OF THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DEFENSE IN ACTIONS UNDER 42 U.S.C. § 1983, Spring 1992.
National resources are obviously scarce, yet increasing numbers of section
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safety measure for both the courts and defendants facing suit.

Court clogs delay and deny justice by slowing the court system and that doesn't allow judges to perform their jobs efficiently.

Bannon 13
Alicia Bannon (serves as counsel for the Brennan Center's Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts. Ms. Bannon also previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center's Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal). "Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts." Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law. September 10, 2013.
The growing workload in district courts around the country negatively
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as to ensure the continued vitality of our federal courts.

Tournament: Lincoln Southwest Silver Talon | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lincoln LR | Judge: Payton Shudak

Independent Prosecutors CP

Counterplan: United States ought to appoint independent investigators and prosecutors when dealing with qualified immunity for police.

Analytic

Whenever police are under investigation for brutality, there are no independent investigators, instead, the investigations are held by the police

Madar 14
Madar, Chase. "Why It's Impossible to Indict a Cop." The Nation, 25 Nov. 2014. Web.
The lethal use of police force typically sets off an
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is in poultry processing or coal mining, a sick joke.

Our current system of investigating and prosecuting police creates distrust between the people and the police because, for one, the police cannot effectively investigate one another without bias, can choose how to do so, and often try to shed the defendant in the best light. Prosecutors try to ask the defendant questions that will also shine the defendants in the best light and they cannot punish the police because harming the credibility of the police harms the credibility of the legal system and the police are the ones who provide work with them when providing evidence for court cases.

Katz 15
Katz, Walter. "Enhancing Accountability and Trust with Independent Investigations of Police Lethal Force." Harvard Law Review Comments. 10 Apr. 2015. Web.
There are few acts committed by local government that draw
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communities to regard the police as adversaries instead of protectors."33

Analytic

Tournament: Dowling Catholic Paradigm | Round: 4 | Opponent: Homewood-Flossmoor MB | Judge: Richard Shmikler
====Suits DA====

1. TURN: Limiting qualified immunity makes things worse because lawsuits are vastly expensive. Many victims of police violence are poor; telling them that the remedy is to file an expensive suit that will take years to finish and will almost certainly go against them only further victimizes them.

Higdon 10 (Higdon, Woodrow L. Investigative Photo Journalist, Former Police Officer "Public Corruption Cover Up Through Civil Litigation." GTI News, March LEFC 2010)
The so called "Civil and Criminal Justice Systems" in the United States,
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of the most effective public corruption cover up tools available to public agencies.

2. Turn- Lawsuits will lead to the public perception that plaintiffs are looking for a payout and allows police officers to be viewed as victims.  This turn is supercharged by the fact that police are seldom tried successfully, meaning the public just sees innocence. Also means the turn outweighs your offense on probability since recourse is near impossible.

3. Turn- juries love cops, so it's more likely that they won't deliver a guilty verdict. Patton

Patton, Alison (JD, UC Hastings College of Law) "Endless Cycle of Abuse: Why 42 USC 1983 Is Ineffective in Deterring Police Brutality, The." Hastings LJ 44 (1992): 753.
Even in the face of seemingly indisputable evidence, such as a videotape, an
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it serves to legitimize their behavior as perfectly acceptable, normalizing racist culture. 

Police won't be successfully prosecuted

Tully 16 ~(Author Attorney Joseph Tully) Police Brutality: Fed by Prosecutors, DAs, Judges, Tully andamp; Weiss 9-12-2016~ 
Police officers and prosecutors work closely together as a team, a team required to
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lie, use excessive force, withhold evidence and carry out false arrests.

Turn- Litigation creates a ruse of solvency and distract from more effective methods of systemic reform.

Rosenberg 08 (Gerald N., University of Chicago political science and law professor, Ph.D. from Yale University, member of the Washington, D.C. bar, The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring about Social Change?, p. 427) 
If this is the case, then there is another important way in which courts
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structurally constrained from serving their needs, providing only an illusion of change.

Turn- The AFF results in a cultural shift with a looming threat of lawsuit that only incentivizes police departments to attempt to stifle more litigations and misrepresent more information

Joanna C. Schwartz 10, 2010, "What Police Learn from Lawsuits," Cardozo L. Rev,
Police department closed claims reviews – like root cause analyses – sift through all available
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for fear that internal findings will compromise the defense of the case.236

Tournament: The Milo Cup at Millard North | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lincoln Southwest RJ | Judge: Susan Gunnink

Academic Dishonesty

Preparing and distributing term papers is an 'exchange of ideas' and 'pure speech' which is constitutionally protected by the first amendment

Duke Law Journal 74- "Term Paper Companies and the Constitution." Duke Law Journal 1973.6 (1974): 1275. Web.
The preparation and sale of term papers involves not only

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magazines which contain "nothing of any possible value to society."

Term papers are expensive which allow rich students to do less work than those who have less money

Hansen 04-Suzy Hansen. "Dear Plagiarists: You Get What You Pay For." The New York Times. The New York Times, 22 Aug. 2004. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/08/22/books/essay-dear-plagiarists-you-get-what-you-pay-for.html?_r=0.**
COLLEGE, as we all know, costs a frightening amount of

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students purchase papers online. That's how many admit it, anyway.

Buying term papers is unfair to the other students and instructors who take time to put in work and devaluates the whole point of education. PCUs need to restrict academic dishonesty in order for everyone to have an equal opportunity at being successful

Gunderman 12-Richard Gunderman, MD, PhD, is a contributing writer for The Atlantic. "Write My Essay, Please!" The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 24 Oct. 2012. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/10/write-my-essay-please/264036/.
At the same time, higher education has been transformed into

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heart and mind. Perhaps an essay assignment is in order?

Unless PCUs restrict academic dishonesty, students will be discouraged from creativity, this harms education

Carson 10-Shelly Carson, Ph.D. Shelley Carson, Ph.D., Is an Instructor and Researcher at Harvard University, Where She Teaches Creativity and Abnormal Psychology. "Plagiarism and Its Effect on Creative Work." Psychology Today. Sussex Publishers, 16 Oct. 2010. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/life-art/201010/plagiarism-and-its-effect-creative-work.**
Plagiarism can take several forms: it can include lifting someone

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of the individual and to the character of the society.

Tournament: The Milo Cup at Millard North | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley JM | Judge: Richard Shmikler

Bataille K

My value is sovereign existence which requires us to live as liberated individuals rejecting mastery as the necessary prerequisite for rejecting life's anguish

Papandreopoulos 16-George Papandreopoulos (English and Creative Writing Department, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom). "Bataille and Nietzsche on the Limits and Ambiguities of Sovereignty and Power." KRITIKE 10.1 (2016): 105-106. Web.
Bataille notes: "In efficacious activity man becomes the equivalent of a tool,
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in the sovereignty of the moment which has liberated itself from all teloi.

Society views sovereign existence as a threat and implicates taboos to deal with it. Taboos place limitations on what society determines to be wrong. In order to achieve sovereign existence my value criterion is transgression in order to obtain personal freedom otherwise unimaginable with the imposition of taboos

Donahue 11-Christina Donahue(University of Colorado Boulder), "The Art of Transgression: Reading Lolita Through Bataille" (2011). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 695.
As he draws attention to the excessive forces that pervade nature, Bataille is also
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the individual himself~them~ is his~their~ only limit.

Constitutions are examples of social contracts

Rawls 71-Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge, MA: Belknap of Harvard UP, 1971. Web.
Justice as fairness begins, as I have said, with one of the most
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sense its members are autonomous and the obligations they recognize self-imposed.

Social contracts are formed because of the common fear of death

Webster 15-Webster, Grant. Hobbes and Tocqueville on Individualism, Equality, and Centralized Administration. Concordia University, 2015. Web.
Hobbes's attack on the duality of spiritual and temporal authority can be seen in a
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to posit that "religion therefore denies the foundation of Hobbesian politics."65

We have this everlasting taboo placed as a fear of violence known as death, but we also have desire to break through this barrier for life to continue, we want to exist in continuity between life and death because we can't comprehend the existence of all else after we exist as death. Death destroys nothing, it only allows more to grow and exist

Bataille 62 -Bataille, Georges. Death and Sensuality: A Study of Eroticism and the Taboo. New York: Walker, 1962. Web.
We define these barriers at all events, positing the taboo

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we should like to transcend them and maintain them simultaneously.

The fear of one's own death justifies massive levels of violence and devalues existence because it makes us claw for power to seem less insignificant

Rowe 16-James K. Rowe is an Assistant Professor of Political Ecology, School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria. "Is a Fear of Death at the Heart of Capitalism?" The Arrow. The Arrow, 26 Apr. 2016. Web. 06 Jan. 2017. http://arrow-journal.org/is-a-fear-of-death-at-the-heart-of-capitalism/.**
Trump is a superhero of capitalism, patriarchy, and white supremacy

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we feel inadequate, we consume the world around us rapaciously."5

As an alternative, we must strive for sovereignty above all else. To become sovereign is to reject the limits the fear of death would have its subject respect. It is to reject the projection of ourselves into the future and reject living with constant anguish of death to come. To be sovereign is the one true way to rid life of anguish and to reject subordination.

Pawlett 16-William Pawlett completed his BSc in Sociology at Loughborough University followed by an MA in Cultural Studies at Lancaster University before returning to Loughborough University to complete a PhD in Sociology. Violence, society and radical theory: Bataille, Baudrillard and contemporary society. Routledge, 2016.
The final volume of Bataille's The Accursed Share, develops his 

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also calls for the risk of death (Bataille 1991a: 221-2).~"~

To sign the ballot neg is an effective rejection of the limits the fear of death would otherwise have you respect. Within the context of the debate space, I offer you, the Judge, an opportunity to become a sovereign subject, to escape life's anguish and allow a happiness that transcends anything that would otherwise be humanly possible. To sign the ballot neg is to reject a signature that would reaffirm and reinforce the root cause of all of life's suffering. Escape subordination and deny structures of suffering by sacrificing an affirmative denying your sovereignty

Razinsky 09-~Liran Razinsky The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, SubStance ~#119, Vol. 38, no. 2, 2009~
Thus we see that the stakes are high. What is 

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theatre or art, to which we now turn—are  social.

Tournament: The Milo Cup at Millard North | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lincoln Southwest RJ | Judge: Susan Gunnink

Citizens United

1.Political spending is free speech

The Supreme Court ruled that political spending is constitutionally protected by the First Amendment's right to free speech meaning the government cannot place restrictions on political spending

Liptak 10-Adam Liptak covers the United States Supreme Court and writes "Sidebar," a column on legal developments. A graduate of Yale Law School, he practiced law for 14 years before joining The New York Times's news staff in 2002. He was a finalist for the 2009 Pulitzer Prize in explanatory reporting. He has taught courses on the Supreme Court and the First Amendment at several law schools, including Yale and the University of Chicago, 1-21-2010, " Justices, 5-4, Reject Corporate Spending Limit " New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/22/us/politics/22scotus.html**
WASHINGTON — Overruling two important precedents about the First Amendment rights of

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of 2002 that restricted campaign spending by corporations and unions.

Public colleges and universities are often funded by private investment

Mitchell 16-Dr. Brian C. Mitchell (Director of Edvance Foundation, Former College and University President). "Using Private Investors to Meet Higher Education's Facilities Needs."TheHuffingtonPost.com. The Huffington Post, 25 Apr. 2016. Web. 31 Jan. 2017. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-brian-c-mitchell/using-private-investors-t_b_9771106.html.**
Slowly, often led by the public colleges and universities, some

AND

expansion, and town/gown relations together in new and innovative ways.

2. PCUs shouldn't only care about the voices of the rich

Market-driven colleges and universities have a goal to satisfy those paying them

Sleeper 16-Jim Sleeper, a lecturer in political science at Yale, is the author of "Liberal Racism" (1997) and "The Closest of Strangers: Liberalism and the Politics of Race in New York" (1990). "What the Campus 'Free Speech' Crusade Won't Say." AlterNet. AlterNet, 04 Sept. 2016. Web. 31 Jan. 2017. http://www.alternet.org/education/what-campus-free-speech-crusade-wont-say-0.**
When the FIRE and the larger conservative "free speech" campaign 

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a Foundation for Individual Rights in Employment in private businesses

Private investors and funders have been using their investments as a form of political spending requiring universities to further their political agenda in exchange for their money. PCUs should not value the voices and opinions of the rich at the expense of the students. Education becomes defined by what private investors want to be taught

MacDonald 05-G. Jeffrey MacDonald is a Correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor. "Donors: Too Much Say on Campus Speech?" The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 10 Feb. 2005. Web. 31 Jan. 2017. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0210/p11s01-legn.html.**
When controversial scholar Ward Churchill tried to speak last week

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favors affirmative action? Who is going to make these decisions?" 

Citizens United drowns out the voices of many and replaces it with the voices of the rich creating a class of inequality. This is harms free speech and doesn't allow for a marketplace of ideas, this turns case.

Kennedy 12- Liz Kennedy is as an attorney and advocate who joined the Demos in January 2012. She works to expand political participation and prevent voter disenfranchisement across the country by eliminating barriers to voting and enforcement of the National Voter Registration Act. Liz also focuses on campaign finance reforms to increase transparency and accountability for money in politics and to fight democratic corruption. , 1-15-2015, "Top 5 Ways Citizens United Harms Democracy and Top 5 Ways We're Fighting to Take Democracy Back," Demos, http://www.demos.org/publication/top-5-ways-citizens-united-harms-democracy-top-5-ways-weE28099re-fighting-take-democracy-back**
The Supreme Court required electoral districts to be drawn with

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The answer is clear: much less than before Citizens United.

Tournament: The Milo Cup at Millard North | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley KK | Judge: Andrew Anderson

Decadence

The aff asks us to simply trust their identity. Such moves discount evidence dooms the pursuit of knowledge and propagates decadence.

Gordon 06-Lewis Gordon—professor at philosophy, African and Judiac Studies at University of Connecticut Storrs—2006 (Disciplinary Decadence: Living Thought in Trying Times, p 28-29)
A striking feature (among many) of the contemporary intellectual climate, as I
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of past failures of certain social remedies take the form of perennial truths.

The performance turns away from the various ways of knowing the world and ontologizes the language as the constitutive foundation of the world.

Gordon 14-Lewis Gordon—professor of philosophy, African and Judiac Studies at the University of Connecticut— 14 ("Disciplinary Decadence and the Decolonization of Knowledge," Africa Development 39.1: 81-92, 86-88).
Failure to appreciate reality sometimes takes the form of recoiling from it. An inward
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. It serves as further proof of the pathological nature of such people.

Analytic

Tournament: Westside Warrior Debate Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cascia Hall Prep LM | Judge: Fred Robertson

Hate Speech DA

Removing restrictions on free speech allows hate speech – hate speech IS free speech

Volokh 15-Eugene Volokh, No, There's No "hate Speech" Exception to the First Amendment, The Washington Post, 5/7/15, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2015/05/07/no-theres-no-hate-speech-exception-to-the-first-amendment/?utm_term=.05cfdd01dea4 LADI
I keep hearing about a supposed "hate speech" exception to the First Amendment
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with any established definition of "hate speech" that I know of.) 

Hate speech necessitates silencing someone. Either universities can restrict hate speech to silence the potential aggressor or they can allow hate speech to silence the marginalized.

Garrett 99-Deanna M. Garrett graduated from the University of Virginia in 1997 with a bachelor's degree in Religious Studies and a minor in Biology. She is a second-year HESA student and a Graduate Assistant in the Department of Residential Life. "Silenced Voices: Hate Speech Codes on Campus." Internet~~2001, 06/12/2001~ (1999). https://www.uvm.edu/~~vtconn/v20/garrett.html?mc_cid=9327f59068andmc_eid=18b6bd1018**

The Silencing Effect Advocates of hate speech codes contend that
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"fear, rage, ~and~ shock" of racist speech systematically preempts response. (p. 143)