Tournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Interp- Debaters Must disclose all positions they’ve broken on the NDCA LD 2016-2017 wiki under their own name, school, and correct side with cites and tags.

Don't go for this is " unbroken" we have proof that you have read this already @link

Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Message me on facebook at Vasanth Venkatasami if you have any questions. I will disclose new stuff after every tournament. I reserve the right to read anything from all other Lex Wikis

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison CS | Judge: Ryan Lowder
Vote neg to endorse every part of the 1AC besides their use of the term “Africa”

The phrase “Africa” is rooted in white, Western imperialism—this term fundamentally homogenizes different cultures and peoples
Austin 90
austin – prof.in the dept. Of society, human develop. and health at harvard -- 1990 sydney bryn, cultural critique, no. 14, the construction of gender and modes of social division ii. (winter, 1989-1990), pp. 129-152
The notion, within the narrative, of the immoral city must be considered within
AND
in the Western imagination, of AIDS as the disease of the Other.

The term “Africa” reifies the legacy of colonialism on the African continent by continuing to use the identity construction and name forcibly imposed by Europeans- Turns case
Adeleke in 9 - director of the African and African American Studies Program at Iowa State University Tunde. “The Case Against Afrocentrism” University Press of Mississippi. 2009. ProQuest Ebrary. Pgs 135-140
Second, since all blacks originated from the landmass Europeans called “Africa” and
AND
contiguities . . . and the new responses that this called out. 5 

Language is not a neutral artifact, but rather structures the way we think and the way we go about making strategic choices and actions
Jackson 5, Lecturer in Politics @ University of Manchester, 2k5 “Language Power and Politics: Critical Discourse Analysis and the War on Terrorism,” 49th Parallel: An Interdisciplinary Journal of North American Studies, Spring, http://www.49thparallel.bham.ac.uk/back/issue15/jackson1.htm, Richard
Second, language plays an active role in creating and changing perceptions, cognition and
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critical discourse analysis ‘critical’ is its normative commitment to positive social change.

Rhetorical accountability is key to value to life and education.
Blitefield ‘6 Jerry (Professor at the University of Massachusetts and Dartmouth); Rhetoric and Public Affairs 9.4; Book Reviews nick
Wayne Booth, who passed away in October 2005, has long been rhetoric's most
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find no truck among the people. Or at least a lot less.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 9 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A. The Affirm may not prohibit the Negative from contesting the 1AC burden

A. The Affirmative may not prohibit the negative from reading Counter-Plans and K alts

A. Implementation- See the Below

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A. Interpretation—If the affirmative defends that public colleges and universities in the US ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech, they must explicitly specify which types of speech are constitutionally protected in the 1AC

A. Interp: Debaters may not read a standard of maintaining constitutionality, to clarify debaters must not read a standard exclusively concerned with status quo legislation. 

A.On the 2016/2017 NSDA January/ February topic, the affirmative must defend implementation of unrestricting constitutional freedom of speech as a post fiat policy by colleges/Universities with a delinated plan text in the 1AC

Tournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley BK | Judge: Mark Ahlstrom
Evaluate the debate through comparative worlds—we should compare a world where there is a prohibitin versus the status quo or a competitive counterplan 

Truth testing kills fairness and real-world education. Hold the aff to a post-fiat advocacy.
Nelson 8
Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008.
And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof
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know how the various options affect us and the world we live in.

Tournament: Blake | Round: Doubles | Opponent: WDM SC | Judge: Panel
F-Word K
Their use of the “F”-word is an independent reason to vote neg – it normalizes sexual violence and makes a culture of oppression and domination inevitable.
Schwyzer 09 Hugo Schwyzer, Professor of Gender Studies and History. Department of Philosophy @ UC Berkeley. “Penetrate v. Engulf and the multiple meanings of the “f” word: a note on feminist language”. http://hugoschwyzer.net/2009/11/04/penetrate-v-engulf-and-the-multiple-meanings-of-the-f-word-a-note-on-feminist-language/. November 2009.
In every women’s studies
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pleasurable, safe, just and egalitarian world.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: Triples | Opponent: LHP MK | Judge: Panel

2

Hume and Hegel were racist- his philosophy starts from a structured starting point
Shahdah 05 ~Shahadah, Alik. "Africa’s History did not start with slavery" http://www.africanholocaust.net/news'ah/africa20before20slavery.htm. ~ NB
Many have been draining the African historical record by boxing in what is, and what does not constitutes an authentic African experience. Eurocentric terminologies place certain concepts outside of the African domain with this habit of "tribalizing" Africa; dark, pagan, licentious, unorganized, base and emotive. The legacy of washing out Africa's historical record can be summed up by the racist words of the Scottish philosopher David Hume: I am apt to suspect the Negroes to be naturally inferior to the Whites. There scarcely ever was a civilized nation of that complexion, nor even any individual, eminent either in action or in speculation. No ingenious manufacture among them, no arts, no sciences"In the nineteenth century the German philosopher Hegel simply declared ‘ Africa is no historical part of the world. ' This openly racist view, that Africa had no history, was repeated by Hugh Trevor-Roper, Regius Professor of History at Oxford University , as late as 1963. The legacy of the African Holocaust has made a profound affect on African studies, where the default attitude is to deny African have contributed anything to what is considered civilization. Africans are playing on a chessboard where all the pieces are white. The volumes of publish works by the Hitler's of the African Holocaust is impossible for Africans to gain any foothold and authorities stance in their history." So Ethiopia is a great civilization so it must be "outside of African origin", Great Zimbabwe, Ancient Egypt, Moorish (Islamic Spain) are categorically denied as having anything African in them.

This abstraction allows us to assume racist entities will somehow act justly rather than looking to how they have historically acted.

 ~Curry ’13 Dr. Tommy Curry is an associate Prof of Philosophy @ Texas AandM ; "In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical" Academia.edu~
Traditionally we have taken ethics to be, as Henry Sidgwick’s claims, "any
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-ethical, or a judgment refusing to write morality onto immoral entities. 

The alt is refusing to ascribe morality to empirically proven immoral entities by embracing antiethics.

 ~Curry ’13 Dr. Tommy Curry is an associate Prof of Philosophy @ Texas AandM ; "In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical" Academia.edu~ Modified for Gender Language
Anti-ethics; the call to demystify the present concept of man~/womyn
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, the debasement of melaninated bodies and nigger-souls, is totalizing.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 6 | Opponent: Oakwood LB | Judge: Sigalow
Giving international law moral force is a critical part of the colonial project. International law allows colonialism to hide itself – by faking its own death – and by giving it new tools to function. 

JACKSON 09
Marissa Jackson, “Neo-Colonialism, Same Old Racism: A Critical Analysis of the United States’ Shift toward Colorblindness as a tool for the Protection of the American Colonial Empire and White Supremacy”, Berkeley Journal of African-American Law and Policy, Volume 11, 2009.

So long as it is perceived to be dead and irrelevant, colonialism can
AND
to protect its position of power and advance its interests within the nation.

Colonialism is the violent negation of the worthy of those who are conquered. The colonial project renders the colonized invisible to hide its violent exploitation of the colonized. 

HAYES 96
Hayes et al: Floyd W. Hayes III Fanon: a critical reader. Ed. Lewis Ricardo Gordon, T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting. “Fanon, Oppression and Resentment: The Black Experience In the United States.” 1996.

Fanon points out that in the colonial situation the primary thrust of the Master
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himself as engaged analytically, critically, in a form of unveiling.

This modern global order of Euro-American domination is justified by the Western colonial philosophical tradition which requires a destructive reading of philosophical texts to resist. From our privileged standpoint we have a choice: we can either sustain and replicate this evil or fight it. Vote neg to choose resistance. The role of the ballot is to vote for the better debater who resists colonialist traditions of violence.

SEREQUEBERHAN
Serequeberhan Tsenay, Prof. Philosophy. Morgan State University. Post Colonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader. “The Critique of Eurocentrism.” Pg. 154-57
From all of the above, then, Kant's historicopolitical texts - and, as
AND
African philosophy; its critical-negative project –the critique of Eurocentrism.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley BK | Judge: Mark Ahlstrom
Their obfuscation and the use of spikes is antiethical to the ethic of intellectual integrity,
TORSON 13 “Debate and the Virtue of Intellectual Integrity by Adam Torson” March 25th, 2013.  By Victory Briefs. http://vbriefly.com/2013/03/25/20133debate-and-the-virtue-of-intellectual-integrity-by-adam-torson/NB
Against Purposeful Obfuscation Too often in debate, strategy devolves into sophistry. Debaters utilize
AND
as a very strange outcome in any debate event worthy of the name.

Intellectual integrity is the biggest impact- it’s the point of debate.
TORSON 13“Debate and the Virtue of Intellectual Integrity by Adam Torson” March25th,2013.ByVictoryBriefs. http://vbriefly.com/2013/03/25/20133debate-and-the-virtue-of-intellectual-integrity-by-adam-torson/NB
Intellectual integrity denotes a commitment to the honest pursuit of truth through openness to evidence
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I encourage the examination of those practices through the lens of intellectual integrity.

Reject the 1AC’s use of spikes to embrace argumentative responsibility- you know what you did wrong and know you better own up to it.
TORSON 13 “Debate and the Virtue of Intellectual Integrity by Adam Torson” March25th,2013.ByVictoryBriefs. http://vbriefly.com/2013/03/25/20133debate-and-the-virtue-of-intellectual-integrity-by-adam-torson/NB
What We Can Do About It¶ Students I encourage debaters to embrace the responsibility
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value the habits of mind you develop for the rest of your life.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison RP | Judge: Jacob Nails
The standard is maximizing happiness

Revisionary intuitionism is best
Yudkowsky 8
Eliezer Yudkowsky (research fellow of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute; he also writes Harry Potter fan fiction). “The ‘Intuitions’ Behind ‘Utilitarianism.’” 28 January 2008. LessWrong. http://lesswrong.com/lw/n9/the_intuitions_behind_utilitarianism/
I haven't said much about metaethics - the nature of morality - because that has
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if it has sensible consequences, etcetera. So that is "intuition". 

That means util—non-utilitarian intuitions are scope insensitive, making them cognitively biased
Yudkowsky 8
Eliezer Yudkowsky (research fellow of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute; he also writes Harry Potter fan fiction). “The ‘Intuitions’ Behind ‘Utilitarianism.’” 28 January 2008. LessWrong. http://lesswrong.com/lw/n9/the_intuitions_behind_utilitarianism/
However, Gowder did not say what he meant by "utilitarianism". Does utilitarianism
AND
, because there are not many utilitarians, and many things left undone.

Util is the only moral framework accessible to policymakers
Goodin 90
Robert Goodin, fellow in philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, 1990, p. 141-2
My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation
AND
want to use it at all – to choose general rules or conduct.

Moral uncertainty means extinction comes first
Bostrom 13
Nick Bostrom (Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford). “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority.” Global Policy, Vol. 4, Issue 1. 2013. http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative, complementary way of
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of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pflugerville HA | Judge: Matt Pregasen
The standard is maximizing happiness

1. Extinction scenarios key to genuine power resistance- working within the system is key.
   theorizing accelerates oppression, cede the political (turn is that sitting back leads to
   AND
   where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.=

Util is the only moral framework accessible to policymakers
Goodin 90 Robert Goodin, fellow in philosophy, Australian National Defense University, THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE, 1990, p. 141-2
My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is something special about the situation
AND
want to use it at all – to choose general rules or conduct.

Moral uncertainty means extinction comes first
Bostrom 13 Nick Bostrom (Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford). “Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority.” Global Policy, Vol. 4, Issue 1. 2013. http://www.existential-risk.org/concept.html
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative, complementary way of

Tournament: Newark | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison RP | Judge: Heaven
Academia is a pollution of the affirmative project—an inoculation and re-scripting of the very terms of contestation such that nothing is left but the continued propagation of social death
Occupied UC Berkeley ‘9 (“The Necrosocial – Civic Life, Social Death, and the University of California,” November 2009, Craccum Magazine – University of Auckland Student Magazine. Iss. 4, 2012. http://craccum.ausa.auckland.ac.nz/?p=286) m leap
Yes, very much a cemetery. Only here there are no dirges, no
AND
. We need, we desire occupations. We are an antagonistic dead.

The aff is curriculum – the 1AC’s strategy is premised upon utilizing knowledge as a telos which runs parallel to settler colonialism – they mystify the structuring foundation for the modern university: the walling off of indigenous bodies from civil society

1. Curriculum is colonialism – the way curriculum is defined (i.e. curriculum scholars, who choose what we study) have chosen to relegate blackness and identititrain studies to outside of what is core knowledge – like take two math classes, science classes – why shouldn’t you be required to learn about blackness, gender, why are they less valuable to the curriculum
   Just because some white curriculum scholar decides people don’t’ need to learn black studies,
   AND
   been sidelined and reappropriated in ways that reinscribe settler colonialism and settler futurity.

The aff is political vampirism – it engages in the rhetoric of emancipation and optimism which oversimplifies individual stories to drain the vital force and complexity of life in the over-presence of the imagistic representations.
Berlant 98. Lauren, George M. Pullman Professor, Department of English, University of Chicago, “Poor Eliza,” American Literature, Vol. 70, No. 3, No More Separate Spheres! (Sep., 1998), Duke University Press, pg. 635-668
What distinguishes these critical texts are the startling ways they struggle to encounter the Uncle
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in some way, fully expressed by the overpresence of the stereotypical image.

The alternative is dis-engagement with normative academic and debate spaces as a starting point for our theorizations in favor of the Undercommons. Only there can our agency, subjectivity and strategies be stolen back from the violent processes of the Academy. 

1. We need to steal away black ideas to the udnercommons, take away identitarian knowledge away.
   2. Space outside modern academy where there can be unhindered black thought – getting to the underocmmons is stealing away your knowledge and bringing it the undercommons. It’s fugitivity.
   Why is it that kids from the Glenbrooks are running wilderson – he could’ve talked
   AND
   of the critical academic. The undercommons is therefore always an unsafe neighborhood. 

Our fugitive politics is crucial to the creation of epistemologies and strategies towards freedom.
Dillon 13 (Stephen Dillon, assistant professor of Queer Studies, holds a B.A. from the University of Iowa and a Ph.D. in American Studies with a minor in Critical Feminist and Sexuality Studies from the University of Minnesota, “Fugitive Life: Race, Gender, and the Rise of the Neoliberal-Carceral State A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA”, May 2013) CJun
Aff can’t solve own impacts – because serial policy failure – modern forms of the
AND
understood freedom as the very act of running, fleeing, and escaping.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: Stuy KL | Judge: Idk
The 1AC relies on an essentialist notion of race—this precludes aesthetic freedom for Asian-American science fiction writers which turns case—the alternative is to endorse aesthetic freedom which rejects the idea that any text by an Asian-American writer has to be reductively “Asian-American”
Fan 14
Christopher Fan. “Melancholy Transcendence: Ted Chiang and Asian American Postracial Form.” Post45. May 11th, 2014. http://post45.research.yale.edu/2014/11/melancholy-transcendence-ted-chiang-and-asian-american-postracial-form/
As I have
AND
rather than a racial form.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pflugerville HA | Judge: Matt Pregasen
CP Text—Public colleges and universities in the US ought not restrict any constitutionally protected forms of speech except in the case of student government elections. Public colleges and universities should preserve expenditure limits on student government campaigns
Wright and Danetz 8: Demos attorneys Brenda Wright and Lisa J. Danetz joined David Aronofsky, University of Montana Legal Counsel, in defending the University's campaign spending limits in the Supreme Court. January 7, 2008. SUPREME COURT ALLOWS SPENDING LIMITS FOR STUDENT GOVERNMENT ELECTIONS AT UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA, REJECTING FIRST AMENDMENT CHALLENGE. Demos. http://www.demos.org/press-release/supreme-court-allows-spending-limits-student-government-elections-university-montana-r. RW
The Supreme Court
AND

Nevada, Oregon and Washington
It’s competitive—we do the aff minus unlimited campaign expenditures by placing restrictions on the amount of money that can be spent in student elections—perms are severance which make the aff a moving target and make being neg impossible
Unlimited financial expenditure towards elections is a constitutionally protected form of speech on campuses—that replaces democratic values with market capitalism
PC 16: “Overturning the “Money as speech” Doctrine. 2016. ” Democracy is for the people—a Public Citizen project. http://www.democracyisforpeople.org/page.cfm?id=19. About Authors-- http://www.citizen.org/about/. RW
Even before its
AND
of democratic ideas.

The CP also solves 100 of the case—the only type of constitutional speech we restrict is financial expenditures, which means people still have the ability to physically speak and say whatever they want—regardless, we’ll isolate three independent net benefits to expenditure limits:

1. The “money as speech doctrine” reinforces the capitalist illusion of freedom—that makes speech meaningless and kills value to life—the CP solves
   Smith 14: R.C. Smith April 24, 2014 “POWER, CAPITAL and THE RISE OF THE MASS SURVEILLANCE STATE: ON THE ABSENCE OF DEMOCRACY, ETHICS, DISENCHANTMENT and CRITICAL THEORY” Heathwood Institute and Press http://www.heathwoodpress.com/power-capital-the-rise-of-the-mass-surveillance-state-on-the-absence-of-democracy-ethics-disenchantment-critical-theory/ JJN from file
   One pressing issue,
   AND

context of its own validity.13
2. The CP corrects socio-economic disparities between students
Powers 9: David M. Powers. College Student Affairs Journal; 2009; 28, 1; ProQuest Central pg. 124. The Constitutional Implications of Expenditure Limits in Student Government Elections. RW
The university presented
AND
no forum analysis, they

That independently outweighs—Capitalism’s grip on the academy causes massive structural violence—democratic practices fostered during student elections are key      
Giroux 15: (Henry A high-school social studies teacher in Barrington, Rhode Island, for six years,2 Giroux has held positions at Boston University, Miami University, and Penn State University. In 2005, Giroux began serving as the Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.34 He has published more than 50 books and more than 300 academic articles, and is published widely throughout education and cultural studies literature.5 "The curse of totalitarianism and the challenge of critical pedagogy" http://philosophersforchange.org/2015/10/13/the-curse-of-totalitarianism-and-the-challenge-of-critical-pedagogy/)
The forces of free-market fundamentalism are on the march ushering in a terrifying
AND
meetings, insist that they be included. Help make survivors voices heard!

Neolib causes extinction – 5 warrants
Robinson 14 (William I., Prof. of Sociology, Global and International Studies, and Latin American Studies, @ UC-Santa Barbara, “Global Capitalism: Crisis of Humanity and the Specter of 21st Century Fascism” The World Financial Review)
Cyclical, Structural, and Systemic Crises Most commentators on the contemporary crisis refer to
AND
the system can come under any stable political authority that assures its reproduction.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Walt Whitman CC | Judge: Josh You
Their view of “free speech” presumes the ability to speek freely which ignores the material realities of capitalism—that simply reintrenches dominant power structures
Anarchist Library 15: The Anarchist Library. Collection of various political writers. All authors are on the website. “Not just free speech, but freedom itself.” A Critique of Civil Liberties. July 7, 2015. Published originally in the ninth issue ofRolling Thunder magazine; republished in the zine The Divorce of Thought from Deed: Social Conflict, White Supremacy, and Free Speech at UNC-Chapel Hill by the North Carolina Piece Corps.
https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/not-just-free-speech-but-freedom-itself. RW
 “Despite the radical
AND
aids fascist organizing.
The very notion of a right to free speech is capitalist—things like the “marketplace of ideas” equate a monetary value to individual expression—that reifies biopolitical control of the state
Anarchist Library 15: The Anarchist Library. Collection of various political writers. All authors are on the website. “Not just free speech, but freedom itself.” A Critique of Civil Liberties. July 7, 2015. Published originally in the ninth issue ofRolling Thunder magazine; republished in the zine The Divorce of Thought from Deed: Social Conflict, White Supremacy, and Free Speech at UNC-Chapel Hill by the North Carolina Piece Corps.
https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/not-just-free-speech-but-freedom-itself. RW
In the US
AND
 is the best idea.
Capitalism causes inevitable crises, inequality, and dehumanization—the role of the ballot is challenging capitalism in educational spaces – this is a key form of pedagogy
McLaren 04 McLaren, Distinguished Fellow – Critical Studies @ Chapman U and UCLA urban schooling prof, and Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, associate professor of Communication – U Windsor, ‘4. (Peter and Valerie, “Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference’,” Educational Philosophy and Theory Vol. 36, Issue 2, p. 183-199)
For well over
AND
to be redeemed.
The alternative is a revolutionary politics that reinforces connections between social spheres – this is the groundwork for radical egalitarianism and the liberation of labor
Harvey 11 Harvey, David (Distinguished Professor of Anthropology and Geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York). The enigma of capital: and the crises of capitalism. Profile Books, 2011. Print AJ
The central problem
AND
not to be.
Additionally, prefer prefiat impacts that examine the underlying representations of our advocacies because fiat is illusory. There is no magic wand that passes legislation when you sign the ballot but your ballot can have a real impact on how we think about the world.
This K come first- we must address how neoliberalism has co-opted the debate space as a means of legitimizing its regime of violence and oppression
Giroux ‘08(Henry A, Global Network Television Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, and Susan S, Associate Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, “Education After Neoliberalism”, December 31 2008, http://www.truth-out.org/archive/component/k2/item/81781:education-after-neoliberalism, C.B.)
In spite of
AND
and securing consent.

Tournament: Newark | Round: 1 | Opponent: RIdge JH | Judge: Amit
Neoliberalism structures academic freedom in the status quo. It sets limits on what is acceptable behavior to quell dissent and any faculty truly radical enough to challenge corporate hegemony are tossed out before they can pose a real threat
Chatterjee and Maira 14: Chatterjee, Piya, and Sunaina Maira. "The Imperial University: race, war, and the nation-state." The imperial university: Academic repression and scholarly dissent (2014): 1-50.
As scholars and teachers located within
AND
the U.S. university system.11
Free speech is an illusion propagated by corporatists – their model of rights assumes an equal playing field analogous to free market economists view of capital. The promotion of free speech perpetuates the idea that speech is a commodity, which strengthens neoliberalism’s hold on the academy
Brown 15: Brown, Wendy. Undoing the demos: Neoliberalism's stealth revolution. MIT Press, 2015.
At times, kennedy raises the pitch
AND
l in a neoliberal economy.
This turns the case – the commodification of speech reflects the capitalist illusion of freedom. It makes speech meaningless and kills value to life.
Smith ’14: R.C. Smith April 24, 2014 “POWER, CAPITAL and THE RISE OF THE MASS SURVEILLANCE STATE: ON THE ABSENCE OF DEMOCRACY, ETHICS, DISENCHANTMENT and CRITICAL THEORY” Heathwood Institute and Press http://www.heathwoodpress.com/power-capital-the-rise-of-the-mass-surveillance-state-on-the-absence-of-democracy-ethics-disenchantment-critical-theory/ JJN from file
One pressing issue, moreover, is that majority of the popular movements that have emerged in response to the Snowden leaks appear to be reformist in character. As a result, the discourse isn’t so
AND
epistemic context of its own validity.13
The alternative is a relentless class-based politics that works against the university’s economic underpinnings – only engaging in a critique that focuses on the economic forces at play in public universities can we resolve capitalism
Sculos and Walsh 16: Sculos, Bryant William a¶ Department of Politics and International Relations, Florida International University , and Sean Noah Walsh Department of Political Science and Economics, Capital University. "The Counterrevolutionary Campus: Herbert Marcuse and the Suppression of Student Protest Movements." New Political Science (2016):
 1-17. The recognition of repressive
AND
it to be more relevant than ever.
The role of the judge is to be a critical analyst testing whether the underlying assumptions of the AFF are valid. This is a question of the whether the AFF scholarship is good – not the passage of the plan. So we preclude

Additionally, prefer prefiat impacts that examine the underlying representations of our advocacies because fiat is illusory. There is no magic wand that passes legislation when you sign the ballot but your ballot can have a real impact on how we think about the world.

This K come first- we must address how neoliberalism has co-opted the debate space as a means of legitimizing its regime of violence and oppression
Giroux ‘08(Henry A, Global Network Television Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, and Susan S, Associate Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, “Education After Neoliberalism”, December 31 2008, http://www.truth-out.org/archive/component/k2/item/81781:education-after-neoliberalism, C.B.)
In spite of the crucial connection between various modes of domination and pedagogy, there
AND
and how the latter works pedagogically in producing neoliberal subjects and securing consent.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 6 | Opponent: Collegiate KY | Judge: Chris Vincent
The politics of identity entrenches neoliberal individualism that is a modern divide and conquer tactic of the elite. We should stop focusing on the symptoms and start focusing on the root cause of exclusion, which is capitalism their historiography totally ignores that class was the central element, historical, of the ascriptive hierarchies that marginalize Asian identity and experience
Felipe, 13 Alex, “Cough Syrup Politics: Fighting Symptoms, Ignoring Root Causes,” http://alexfelipe.wordpress.com/2013/04/22/cough-syrup-politics-fighting-symptoms-ignoring-root-causes/, Vitz
Here’s the thing. I’m equal parts sympathetic, and confused and saddened, by
AND
It makes it so that there is no chance of making the systemic changes 

B. Intertextuality- their focus on linguistic critique/spoken word reinforces a postmodern strategy of obscuring materiality

C. Narrativity as resistance distracts from collective politics by valorizing the individual overcoming of the individual
Coughlin 95
Anne, associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229
The outsider narratives do not reflect on another feature of autobiographical discourse that is perhaps
AND
, rather than subvert, autobiographical protagonists that serve the values of liberalism.

Capitalism is the root cause of oppression, especially contemporary racism – our kritik is a prerequisite to the aff
McLaren et al., 4 – Distinguished Professor, Critical Studies, Chapman University (Peter and Valerie Scatamburlo-D’Annibale, “Class Dismissed? Historical materialism and the politics of ‘difference’,” Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 36, No. 2, April, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/doi/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2004.00060.x/full)// JJN from file
For example, E. San Juan (2003) argues that race relations and
AND
would be just trying to win, and not really caring about your position

Tournament: Newark | Round: 1 | Opponent: RIdge JH | Judge: Amit
CP Text— Do the aff but also ban hate speech
McElwee 13: Sean McElwee. “The Case for Censoring Hate Speech.” July 12, 2013. Alternet. http://www.alternet.org/civil-liberties/case-censoring-hate-speech. RW
The negative
AND
, and it can.
Hate speech normalizes physical and psychological violence and renders educational spaces null and void—it should be banned: the right to free speech is contingent, not absolute

Heinze 14: Eric Heinze, professor of law and humanities at Queen Mary university of London. March 31, 2014. Nineteen arguments for hate speech bans—and against them. Free Speech Debate. Free speech scholar Eric Heinze identifies the main arguments for laws restricting hate speech and says none are valid for mature Western democracies. http://freespeechdebate.com/en/discuss/nineteen-arguments-for-hate-speech-bans-and-against-them/. RW
On all sides
AND
A fundamental right.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 3 | Opponent: Harrison RP | Judge: Jacob Nails
The United States federal government should allow the United States to enter into full compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, including Article 20.

AND

Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech except for hate speech, defined according to Article 20 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

The counterplan creates a precise test for balancing free speech with human dignity—this is key to ensuring equality—reject the aff’s free speech absolutism
Catlin 14
Scott Catlin (J.D. cum laude at Notre Dame Law School). “Proposal for Regulating Hate Speech in the United States: Balancing Rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” Notre Dame Law Review, vol. 69, issue 4. March 2014. http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1971andcontext=ndlr
The United States has demonstrated that it too holds international human rights standards to be
AND
individual freedom” looks different from the viewpoint of historically vilified groups.’

The counterplan reverses the US’s Article 20 reservation—that reservation enables us to ignore the ICCPR’s prohibition on hate speech—the counterplan is key to full compliance which solves American hypocrisy and restores human rights leadership
Catlin 14
Scott Catlin (J.D. cum laude at Notre Dame Law School). “Proposal for Regulating Hate Speech in the United States: Balancing Rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” Notre Dame Law Review, vol. 69, issue 4. March 2014. http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1971andcontext=ndlr
C. United States Obligations Under the ICCPR Generally, when the United States ratifies
AND
and it can learn something from the rest of the world. 8 '

US human rights cred is key to soft power and global human rights protections
Koh 9
Harold Hongju Koh (Dean and Gerard C. and Bernice Latrobe Smith Professor of International Law at Yale Law School). “Speech: Repairing Our Human Rights Reputation.” Western New England Law Review. Originally delivered at the Western New England College School of Law on Sept. 9, 2008. Lexis Nexis.
Since all of us have been alive, our country, the United States,
AND
dependence on a commodity that strengthens petro-dictators and weakens democracy worldwide.

Soft power solves multiple scenarios for extinction
Hamre 7
John Hamre (specialist in international studies, a former Washington government official and President and CEO of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a position he has held with that think tank since January, 2000). “Restoring America’s Inspirational Leadership.” Forward, CSIS Commission on Smart Power, co-chairs Richard Armitage and Joseph Nye, Jr. 2007. http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/071106_csissmartpowerreport.pdf
There is a moment of opportunity today for our political leaders to strike off on
AND
and practical vision. I am sure they will not be the last.

Independently, credible US commitment to I-Law preserves global follow-on—that solves multiple scenarios for extinction
IEER 2
Institute for Energy and Environmental Research and the Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy. Rule of Power or Rule of Law? An Assessment of U.S. Policies and Actions Regarding Security-Related Treaties. May 2002. http://www.ieer.org/reports/treaties/execsumm.pdf
The evolution of international law since World War II is largely a response to the
AND
has followed the U.S. example and opted out of compliance.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: LHP JN | Judge: Panel
The standard is non-domination

The non-interference model of freedom allows institutional humiliation—non-domination solves
Pettit 97
Philip Pettit (Laurence Rockefeller University Professor of Politics and Human Values at Princeton University). “Freedom with Honor: A Republican Ideal.” Spring 1997. http://www.princeton.edu/~ppettit/papers/FreedomwithHonor_SocialResearch_1997.pdf
And so to my claim about the constitutional consistency of freedom as noninterference with institutional
AND

they may happen to receive respect but they will not command respect. 

Social institutions shouldn’t humiliate people; honor is a basic human good
Pettit 97
Philip Pettit (Laurence Rockefeller University Professor of Politics and Human Values at Princeton University). “Freedom with Honor: A Republican Ideal.” Spring 1997. http://www.princeton.edu/~ppettit/papers/FreedomwithHonor_SocialResearch_1997.pdf
The decent society, as Avishai Margalit (1996) defines it for us,
AND
to politics that was sidelined by classical liberalism in the early nineteenth century. 

Non-domination is the only notion of freedom that can apply to state actors. Prefer civic republicanism—state interference promotes freedom if it ensures non-domination
Waltman 2
Jerry Waltman (taught political science at the University of Southern Mississippi for 25 years; in 15 of those he participated in the British Studies Program.  He currently holds an endowed professorship in political science at Baylor University, where he teaches British politics and comparative public law.  He received his Ph.D. from Indiana University, and is the author of eight books and numerous articles in academic journals on both British and American politics.  In addition to his years spent on the British Studies Program, he has traveled and taught in the UK on many occasions). “Civic Republicanism, The Basic Income Guarantee, and the Living Wage.” USBIG Discussion Paper. No. 25, March 2002.
Civic republicanism's origins lie in the ancient world, in the political theory undergirding several
AND
are by no means subversive but rather introductive of liberty." (6) 

Independently, nondomination is the primary moral good and turns other frameworks; it’s a pre-req to other values.
Pettit 99
Pettit, Philip (Professor at Princeton). Republicanism: A Theory of Freedom and Government. Oxford University Press, USA (September 30, 1999).
The first of the further benefits becomes visible when we reflect on a salient way
AND
uncertainty, non-domination has the firm attraction of a primary good. 

I contend that civic republicanism requires prohibiting hate speech

Hate speech is a form of arbitrary interference which undermines democratic deliberation
Gelber 6
Katharine Gelber (PhD, senior lecturer, politics and international relations, University of New South Wales). Book Review, Contested Words: Legal Restrictions on Freedom of Speech in Liberal Democracies by Ian Cram. 2006. https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_252784/UQ252784_OA.pdf?Expires=1487469079andSignature=LXHfrRseumRROUGIuOGfgaKoe789KH8A~OqEy273H5n0QSoZWBESzhu50eUBWaENqaS-svO8vnEulkexdy88ISHNxeQZdIe58beL4QICU3PSpyCkw5hTCNmq3HVPxvy0viaQXv15bdxGh2S9UjNvfBglxDKbrBh7i9hnOpsVo2Vb-s6hfNaqg9rsUChVT7poguAms3aodJmOyrfkJISBlybIhh00PUpaRiiQMY6vU2IfPJ4yrle1WgFdUpMq78FUPDwuQP2RcWbBowr75uRNyDk7hNh-RLEH0fItmItFFVdtv9ck2rd9znQdBDDLAMyxRU1otVF4Rf250X0J5dVj~A__andKey-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ
II A CIVIC REPUBLICAN BASIS FOR SPEECH REGULATION The overall argument Ian Cram makes is
AND
little to democratic deliberation and thus ought to be more easily regulated.15

Free speech can’t be absolute
Pettit 94
Philip Pettit (political philosopher). “Enfranchising Silence: An Argument for Freedom of Speech.” 1994. https://www.princeton.edu/~ppettit/papers/1994/Enfranchising20Silence20An20Argument20for20Freedom20of20Speech.pdf
The paper is built, then, around two key ideas. The first is
AND
in place. I am happy to leave that sort of possibility open.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Ranch JW | Judge: Brian Wiora
A. “Any” means all—it’s the maximum
Merriam-Webster no date
Merriam-Webster Dictionary. “Any.” No date. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/any

Definition of any
AND
length of time
“Any” is not specific
Merriam-Webster no date
Merriam-Webster Dictionary. “Any.” No date. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/any

Definition of any
AND
particular or specific

Tournament: Emory | Round: 6 | Opponent: Stuy KL | Judge: Idk
Interpretation-All affirmative offense in the 1AC must derive from reasons that public colleges and universities ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech through implementation of post fiat policy through governmental action with and explicit plan text and must have all offense coming from a post fiat policy

Tournament: Newark | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison RP | Judge: Heaven
Federal funding is on the rise- it’s critical for student financial assitance
PEW 15 PEW Charitable Trusts, research and analysis, , 6-11-2015, "Federal and State Funding of Higher Education: A Changing Landscape," No Publication, http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/06/federal-and-state-funding-of-higher-education NB
States and the federal government have long provided substantial funding for higher education, but
AND
, while state funds primarily pay for the general operations of public institutions.

Title IX forces colleges to either mandate speech codes that can be seen as harassment and violate the constitution or risk lose federal funding
Richardson 16 Bradford Richardson (reporter) Washington Times Http, 5-1-2016, "Title IX ‘harassment’ order seen as free speech threat," Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/may/1/title-ix-harassment-order-seen-as-free-speech-thre/ NB
Several free speech advocacy groups are concerned about a Justice Department order that they say
AND
University presidents must find the courage to stand up to this federal overreach.”

Education department forces compensation which hurts school funds if they don’t regulate speech
Leef 15 George Leef, 9-14-2015, "Free Speech Can't Be Trumped By Title IX," Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/sites/georgeleef/2015/09/14/free-speech-cant-be-trumped-by-title-ix-but-college-officials-use-it-that-way/3/#7a995a734ceb NB
In short, in trying to avoid liability for “sexual harassment” under Title
AND
assault, even though it lacks statutory authority to award such compensatory damages.”

Financial assistance benefits disadvantage students the most- they increase funds
AAU 9 Association of American Universities, "MYTHS ABOUT COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY ENDOWMENTS," January 2009
MYTH: Universities are not using enough of their endowments to make college accessible and
AND
income high school students to visit the campus, and waiving application fees.

This turns and outweighs the case:  

1. Prerequisite- students need to have the capability to enter educational institutions if they want to have a chance in involvement in activism and others

2. Timeframe of education- having access to an education provides better outcomes for the future compared to short term goals of activism

3. Probability- the risk that the aff is successful compared to the confirmed amount of individuals who lose access proves that there are material harms for individuals

Tournament: Emory | Round: 1 | Opponent: West Ranch JW | Judge: Brian Wiora
CP: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech that criticizes the State of Israel’s occupation of West Bank settlements or calls for a two-state solution. ====

AND

Public colleges and universities in the United States ought to restrict constitutionally protected speech which repudiates Israeli statehood OR perpetuates anti-Muslim myths about Palestine. ====

First—violence—Jewish people have faced centuries of genocide and exclusion—Zionists continue to face anti-Semitic derision within academic spaces

Oren 14
Michael Oren (American-born Israeli historian, author, politician, former ambassador to the United States, and current member of the Knesset for the Kulanu party and the Deputy Minister for Diplomacy in the Prime Minister's Office). "In Defense of Zionism." August 1^st, 2014. http://www.wsj.com/articles/in-defense-of-zionism-1406918952
It is the belief that the Jewish people should have their own sovereign state in
AND
pace-setting arts and six of the world's leading universities approximated zero.

Second—Israel’s flourishing—the aff empowers Palestinian nationalists who refuse to negotiate a settlement and would rather destroy Israel—that leads to violence and war

Oren 14
Michael Oren (American-born Israeli historian, author, politician, former ambassador to the United States, and current member of the Knesset for the Kulanu party and the Deputy Minister for Diplomacy in the Prime Minister's Office). "In Defense of Zionism." August 1^st, 2014. http://www.wsj.com/articles/in-defense-of-zionism-1406918952
The answer is simple: Zionism worked. The chances were infinitesimal that a scattered
AND
live in peace and security with our Palestinian neighbors remains the Zionist dream.

Third—sovereignty—having sovereignty is about making tough choices—regardless of the West Bank question, Israeli security and self-determination should be prioritized

Oren 14
Michael Oren (American-born Israeli historian, author, politician, former ambassador to the United States, and current member of the Knesset for the Kulanu party and the Deputy Minister for Diplomacy in the Prime Minister's Office). "In Defense of Zionism." August 1^st, 2014. http://www.wsj.com/articles/in-defense-of-zionism-1406918952
Still, for all of its triumphs, its resilience and openness to peace,
AND
of the dangers, grateful for the honor and ready to bear responsibility.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: LHP JN | Judge: Panel
Public colleges and universities in the United States ought to expand free speech zones in accordance with their educational objectives, including a prohibition on hate speech.  

It competes—the plan eliminates free speech zones while the counterplan preserves and expands them—also prohibits hate speech which is constitutionally protected

The plan’s wholesale removal of free speech zones destroys the possibility for productive zones which, though spatially limited, enhance educational dialogue—this dialogue is key to solving all social problems
Zeiner 5
Carol Zeiner (assistant professor of law, St. Thomas University School of Law). “Zoned Out! Examining Campus Speech Zones.” Louisiana Law Review, vol. 66, no. 1. Fall 2005. http://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6117andcontext=lalrev
Every university considering the use of campus speech zones should examine itself carefully and guard
AND
the establishment, continuation, modification, or elimination of campus speech zones. 

Some speech restrictions are key to universities’ educational mission, but current zones are too unreasonable—expanding free speech zones is the middle ground
Kizer 15
Mary Madison Kizer. “Restrictive Free Speech Zones and Student Speech Codes at Public Universities.” 2015. https://www.methodist.edu/sites/default/files/ctools/mr2015_kizer.pdf
While the defining of free speech is a confusing topic, a singularly controversial issue
AND
the United States must continue to value free speech on public college campuses.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lakeville South GG | Judge: Demarcus Powell

1

The 1AC misdiagnoses the problem- Cops aren’t brutal because they are racist but rather because they are the protectors of capital of the ruling class- Palliative Link- Turns Case

Internationalist 15 ~"Killer Cops, White Supremacists: Racist Terror Stalks Black America." Killer Cops, White Supremacists: Racist Terror Stalks Black America. N.p., 2015. Web. 01 Nov. 2016. http://www.internationalist.org/killercopswstalkblackamerica1507.html.~~ VV
The entire legal system is based on the recognition that the police are the first
AND
killing over 1,000 civilians a year is no accident.
 

Neolib is the root cause of crime and violence—turns the case

Smith 12 ~Candace Smith (graduate of Northwestern University School of Law). "Neoliberalism and Individualism: Ego Leads to Interpersonal Violence?" Sociology Lens. December 4th, 2012. http://thesocietypages.org/sociologylens/2012/12/04/neoliberalism-and-individualism-ego-leads-to-interpersonal-violence/~~**
There appears to be a link between neoliberalism, individualism, and violence. In
AND
, alienated individuals may be more apt to respond to stress with violence.

Root Cause

Rejecting the thought of neoliberal ideology is sufficient to solve for capitalism, it derives it’s strength from the value we attribute to it- individual rejection is key.

JOHNSTON 04~Johnston, Adrian. "The Cynic’s Fetish: Slavoj Žižek and the Dynamics of Belief." International Journal of Zizek Studies, Dec. 2004. Web. Adrian Johnston - Dept of Philosophy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. ~ NB
Perhaps the absence of a detailed practical roadmap in Žižek’s political writings isn’t a major
AND
comforting fiction ("Capitalist commodity fetishism or the truth? I choose fetishism."). 

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best challenges neoliberalism, promoting such discussion is key coalition building.

Wollf 11 an American economist, well known for his work on Marxian economics, economic methodology, and class analysis, (Richard, 10/4, "Occupy Wall Street ends capitalism's alibi", http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/04/occupy-wall-street-new-york)  
We all know that moving in this direction will elicit the screams of "socialism
AND
long – and at far too great a cost to all of us.

This K come first- we must address how neoliberalism has co-opted the debate space as a means of legitimizing its regime of violence and oppression

Giroux ‘08(Henry A, Global Network Television Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, and Susan S, Associate Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, "Education After Neoliberalism", December 31 2008, http://www.truth-out.org/archive/component/k2/item/81781:education-after-neoliberalism, C.B.)
In spite of the crucial connection between various modes of domination and pedagogy, there
AND
and how the latter works pedagogically in producing neoliberal subjects and securing consent.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lakeville South GG | Judge: Demarcus Powell

Federal judges are burning out with skyrocketing casework- the brink is now

Bendery 9-30 ~Jennifer Bendery, 9-30-2015, "Federal Judges Are Burned Out, Overworked And Wondering Where Congress Is," Huffington Post, span class="skimlinks-unlinked"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/judge-federal-courts-vacancies'us'55d77721e4b0a40aa3aaf14b/span~~ NB
WASHINGTON — It was Labor Day weekend and Lawrence O’Neill desperately wanted to get out
AND
long-term when you don’t give people the help they absolutely need."

Ending qualified immunity causes longer and more trials

Thomson 9: Linda Thomson. January 22, 2009. US Supreme court: Police are protected from lawsuits. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/705279304/US-Supreme-Court-Police-are-protected-from-lawsuits.html?pg=all. RW
The U.S. Supreme Court has sided with police officers who raided a
AND
purpose for qualified immunity is to protect police officers from personal liability unless th

Police misconduct cases clog courts

Osnos 2k: Evan Osnos, Tribune Staff WriterChicago Tribune. "City to try mediation of cop brutality cases". November 15, 2000. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-11-15/news/0011150315'1'civil-rights-cases-mediation-police-department. RW
Hoping to avert costly legal battles over alleged police brutality, the City of Chicago
AND
seized evidence without a warrant and were later sued by the man for financial 

Court clog leads to poor decisions and hurts the minorities the worst- turns case

Brunt 15 ~Alexa Van Brunt, "Poor people rely on public defenders who are too overworked to defend them" Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/17/poor-rely-public-defenders-too-overworked, June 17, 2015.~
Money can buy you a great defense team, but what if you can’t afford
AND
This group bears the brunt of our public defender systems’ underfunding and overwork.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: WDM MS | Judge: Terrence Lonam
The 1AC misdiagnoses the problem- Cops aren’t brutal because they are racist but rather because they are the protectors of capital of the ruling class- Palliative Link- Turns Case
Internationalist 15 "Killer Cops, White Supremacists: Racist Terror Stalks Black America." Killer Cops, White Supremacists: Racist Terror Stalks Black America. N.p., 2015. Web. 01 Nov. 2016. http://www.internationalist.org/killercopswstalkblackamerica1507.html. VV
The entire legal system is based on the recognition that the police are the first
AND
– for killing over 1,000 civilians a year is no accident.

Narrativity as resistance distracts from collective politics by valorizing the individual overcoming of the individual
Coughlin 95
Anne, associate Professor of Law, Vanderbilt Law School, REGULATING THE SELF: AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL PERFORMANCES IN OUTSIDER SCHOLARSHIP, 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229
The outsider narratives do not reflect on another feature of autobiographical discourse that is perhaps
AND
, rather than subvert, autobiographical protagonists that serve the values of liberalism.

1. Capitalism is the root cause of the oppression of women

WSD 10
WSD, Workers Solidarity Movement, ’10
(2-03-10, Toward Women’s Freedom, http://www.wsm.ie/c/womens-freedom-feminism-anarchism-wsm?page=9, accessed 6/27/14, AGS)
We recognise that women are specially oppressed as a sex, that they face oppression
AND
the structures that cause sexism (capitalism and the State).¶ 4.3

Neolib is the root cause of crime and violence—turns the case
Smith 12 Candace Smith (graduate of Northwestern University School of Law). “Neoliberalism and Individualism: Ego Leads to Interpersonal Violence?” Sociology Lens. December 4th, 2012. http://thesocietypages.org/sociologylens/2012/12/04/neoliberalism-and-individualism-ego-leads-to-interpersonal-violence/
There appears to be a link between neoliberalism, individualism, and violence. In
AND
, alienated individuals may be more apt to respond to stress with violence.

Rejecting the thought of neoliberal ideology is sufficient to solve for capitalism, it derives it’s strength from the value we attribute to it- individual rejection is key.
JOHNSTON 04Johnston, Adrian. "The Cynic’s Fetish: Slavoj Žižek and the Dynamics of Belief." International Journal of Zizek Studies, Dec. 2004. Web. Adrian Johnston - Dept of Philosophy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.  NB
Perhaps the absence of a detailed practical roadmap in Žižek’s political writings isn’t a major
AND
comforting fiction (“Capitalist commodity fetishism or the truth? I choose fetishism.”). 

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who best challenges neoliberalism, promoting such discussion is key coalition building.
Wollf 11 an American economist, well known for his work on Marxian economics, economic methodology, and class analysis, (Richard, 10/4, “Occupy Wall Street ends capitalism's alibi”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/04/occupy-wall-street-new-york)  
We all know that moving in this direction will elicit the screams of "socialism
AND
long – and at far too great a cost to all of us.

This K come first- we must address how neoliberalism has co-opted the debate space as a means of legitimizing its regime of violence and oppression
Giroux ‘08(Henry A, Global Network Television Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, and Susan S, Associate Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, “Education After Neoliberalism”, December 31 2008, http://www.truth-out.org/archive/component/k2/item/81781:education-after-neoliberalism, C.B.)
In spite of the crucial connection between various modes of domination and pedagogy, there
AND
and how the latter works pedagogically in producing neoliberal subjects and securing consent.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: WDM MS | Judge: Terrence Lonam
A. On the 2016/2017 NSDA November/ December topic, the affirmative must defend implementation of limiting qualified immunity for police officers as a post fiat policy by a government or group of governments with a delinated plan text in the 1AC

Tournament: Valley | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley BK | Judge: Mark Ahlstrom
Construction of nuclear extinction is designed to create fear, the kind of fear that justifies extreme policy action. This is the logic of security.
Jackson 4
(Richard, Lecturer in International Security at the Centre for International Politics at the University of Manchester “The Politics of Threat and Danger: Writing the War on Terrorism*” Paper Presented at the British International Studies Association (BISA) 29th Annual Conference, University of Warwick, 20-22 December, 2004, http://cadair.aber.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2160/1947/1/BISA-2004-Paper.pdf)¶ NN
The initial construction of the terrorist threat involved fixing the attacks of September 11,
AND
any ‗rational person‘ should fear a terrorist-induced nuclear holocaust.

Security discourse creates threats that are not real or objective through false representations. That creates exclusionary violence and war that they try to prevent., this turns case.
GRONDIN 04
David, Masters in Political Science and Ph.D. Candidate – University of Ottawa, “(Re)Writing the ‘National Security State,’ Center for United States Studies
Approaches that deconstruct theoretical practices in order to disclose what is hidden in the use
AND
articulating danger through foreign policy that the state’s very conditions of existence are generated18

The alternative is to reject the affirmative’s security logic, allowing for real political thought. Only by accepting insecurity as inevitable can we reject the discourse and move beyond security politics. It’s a question of detaching from the value that we attach to it, that’s the source of its power.
NEOCLEOUS 08
Mark Neocleous, 08, “Critique of Security”, Brunel University in the Department of Government
The only way out of such a dilemma, to escape the fetish, is
AND

it requires us to be brave enough to return the gift.“’ 

Discussions of representations are a prerequisite to argumentation.
CRAWFORD 02
Neta, PhD MA MIT, BA Brown, Prof. of poli sci at Boston University, “Argument and Change in World Politics”, p. 19-21
Coherent arguments are unlikely to take place unless and until actors, at least on
AND
ballot can have a real impact on how we think about the world.

ROB

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater whose advocacy best breaks down the securitization of policy.
Burke 2
Anthony Burke Australian political theorist and international relations scholar. He is Associate Professor (Reader) of Politics and International Relations in the University of New South Wales, “Aporias of Security”, Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 27, No. 1, 2002,
It is perhaps easy to become despondent, but as countless struggles for freedom,
AND
world after security, and what its shimmering possi- bilities might be.

Security studies comes prior to our understanding of the world – it’s necessary to frame our discussions
De Larrinaga 9
(Miguel de Larrinaga holds a PhD from the University of Ottawa. He is currently Assistant Professor at the University of Ottawa, Securing Outer Space, ed. Bormann and Sheehan, p. 132-134)
Within the context of security studies, and informed by the above, this approach
AND
II, and monopolized the political imagination for most of the Cold War.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bettendorf RN | Judge: Jake Eberts
Nuclear has been able to contribute to most of the electricity grid and avoid emissions
IEA 16 International Energy Agency: Secure Sustainable Together, “Energy Policies of IEA Countries: Belgium” 2016 Review. (Autonomous agency with a mandate to promote energy security among mbmember countries, they carry out a comprehensive program of energy co-op among member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stokcs equivalent to 90 days of its net imports.)  NB
Belgium has a long tradition in nuclear research and in civil nuclear power, dating
AND
to reduce air pollution (sulphur dioxide SO2 and oxides of nitrogen NOx).

Weak grid exacerbates the effects of cyber-attacks
Bennet and Williams 16 Katie Bo Williams and Cory Bennett, “Why a power grid attack is a nightmare scenario,” The Hill, May 30, 2016, http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/281494-why-a-power-grid-attack-is-a-nightmare-scenario
 Stores are closed. Cell service is failing. Broadband Internet is gone.
AND
during the 2003 blackout, which was caused by an ordinary software bug.

Turns case—grid failure cause massive starvation and death
Lewis 14 (Patrice Lewis is a freelance writer. WND Commentary: “If the grid fails, will you die?” published May 23rd, 2014 accessed June 26th, 2015. http://www.wnd.com/2014/05/if-the-grid-fails-will-you-die/)
It seems too many people are flippant or dismissive of the potential hardships. “
AND
Will happen faster then the impacts of the 1AC and will effect more people

Tournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Bettendorf RN | Judge: Jake Eberts
Kant NC
Applied Kantianism is key to abstract over the state’s influences on our desires towards a universal demand for equality within civil society.
FARR 02
Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.
One of the most
and
 exploring its emancipatory potential.
Individuals must form a state, from this states have freedom from each other to secure their citizens freedoms- unilateral force is unjustified
HODGSON 12
Hodgson, Louis-Philippe. "Realizing External Freedom: The Kantian Argument for a World State." Kant’s Political Theory: Interpretations and Applications. University Park: Penn State University (2012): 101-34.
Why is existing
and
to freedom is violated
The standard is maintaining an international system of equal outer freedom

1. Self Defense

A.  Willing away nuclear power necessarily wills away the possibility of fissile material for nukes, which destroys a states right to will self defense DOYLE 10
Doyle, Thomas E. "Kantian nonideal theory and nuclear proliferation." International Theory 2.01 (2010): 87-112.
Kantian nonideal theory recognizes that conceptions of and commitments to national interest drive national security
AND
as a means to the end as a whole

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Edgemont YL | Judge: Montecavlo
Putin is going hard for energy control- Russia is major player in the energy market especially in the EU
Clemente 15, Jude. "How Much Energy Does Russia Have Anyways?" Forbes. N.p., 25 Mar. 2015. Web. 4 Sept. 2016. http://www.forbes.com/sites/judeclemente/2015/03/25/how-much-energy-does-russia-have-anyways/#1366ae8b2daa. I am Principal at JTC Energy Research Associates, LLC. I hold a B.A. in Political Science from Penn State University, with a minor in Statistical Analysis. I got my M.S. in Homeland Security from San Diego State University, with a focus on Terrorism and Energy Security, and an MBA from Saint Francis University, with a focus on Energy Economics. My research specialization includes North American and international trends in liquid fuels, natural gas, coal, renewables, electricity and GHG emissions – and their connection to human development. I am a frequent contributor to Oil and Gas Journal and have over 200 professional publications in a variety of energy-related media, most recently Pipeline and Gas Journal, Carbon Capture Journal, Journal of Energy Security, Power, World Oil, Public Utilities Fortnightly and the Journal of Energy and Development. I have also been a writer and editor for reports commissioned by the U.S. Department of Energy and International Energy Agency. My expertise is connecting more energy to more human development. VV
The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has once again thrusted energy into the spotlight. Russia
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-fold to 60 mtpa by 2020, 25 of the current market

T/ Nuclear Phase out leads to more dependence on Russia Oil and Natural Gas in the EU will lead to more Russian Heg and trigger the impacts of the 1AC faster- Renewables cant solve
Ebinger 11, Dr. Charles. "What Happens Next as the World Turns Away From Nuclear Power? A Freakonomics Quorum - Freakonomics." Freakonomics. N.p., 21 June 2011. Web. 04 Sept. 2016. http://freakonomics.com/2011/06/21/what-happens-next-as-the-world-turns-away-from-nuclear-power-a-freakonomics-quorum/. a senior fellow and director of the Energy Security Initiative at the Brookings Institution and is a former senior adviser at the International Resources Group, where he advised governments on various aspects of their energy policies; Govinda Avasarala is a research assistant with the Energy Security Initiative, focusing on the geopolitics of energy in emerging markets and multilateral energy. VV
For Japan, Germany, and Switzerland, meeting electricity demand while stalling or phasing
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potentially at the expense of greater renewable penetration—will not please environmentalists. 

More dependence on Russian non renewable energy leads to more Fossil fuels- causes an increase CO2 emissions which are the strongest internal ink to warming
NWF 15 National Wildlife Federation, 2015. “Global Warming is human caused”. National Wildlife Federation. https://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Global-Warming/Global-Warming-is-Human-Caused.aspx. RW
Scientists have concluded that most of the observed warming is very likely due to the
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atmosphere. This CO2 is the biggest factor responsible for recent warming trends.

Warming causes multiple scenarios for extinction
Sharp and Kennedy 14
Robert Sharp (UAE National Defense College Associate Dean for Academic Programs and College Quality Assurance Advisor. He previously served as Assistant Professor of Strategic Security Studies at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) in the U.S. National Defense University (NDU), Washington D.C. and then as Associate Professor at the Near East South Asia (NESA) Center for Strategic Studies, collocated with NDU. Most recently at NESA, he focused on security sector reform in Yemen and Lebanon, and also supported regional security engagement events into Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Qatar) and Edward Kennedy (renewable energy and climate change specialist who has worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on carbon policy and markets). “Climate Change and Implications for National Security.” International Policy Digest. August 22nd, 2014. http://www.internationalpolicydigest.org/2014/08/22/climate-change-implications-national-security/
Our planet is 4.5 billion years old. If that whole time was
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investment patterns, and political decisions; it will be hard to fix!

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 3 | Opponent: Edgemont YL | Judge: Montecavlo
Text: The  should acquire small modular reactors for electricity generation. 

SMRs solve nuclear downsides
- 1. They are much smaller which means that they cost a lot less/they also do produce less energy but less complexity is involved.
2. Standard design that can be fabricated in factories so construction costs are less
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ban where as we allow for power to exist
Net benefits
Acciedents 

SMRs are a significant safety upgrade---no need for outside electricity, deals with earthquakes and better waste storage

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examination of these issues is beyond the scope of this paper.
Terror

Underground SMRs mean no chance of attack
Carroll 12 Jeff, JD from the University of Chicago, March/April, "A new generation: Small modular nuclear reactors could have economic and safety benefits, a Chicago study reports", mag.uchicago.edu/science-medicine/new-generation
The reactors, says Rosner, also would not be as vulnerable to terrorism because they would be located underground: “There is nothing above ground to attack.”

Case

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harrison CS | Judge: Ryan Lowder
A. Interp. The AFF be inherent i.e they must ban the production of nuclear power in countries that already use Nuclear Power 

Nuclear Power is defined by Merriam Webster 

B.Violence

C. Standards

1. Ground
   2. Policy education
   Paterno 94
   Jim, coach at Puyallup High School, WA, Rostrum March 94, www.nflonline.org/Rostrum/MarNinetyFourPaterno
   Perhaps the myth of policy makers never voting on inherency has been abusively extrapolated from
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   achieve a superior policy that provides desirable side-effects with minimal disadvantages.

Fairness is a voter
education is a voter
Jusrisdiction- Your literally cant vote on an aff that does nothing

Drop the Debater

Prefer competing interps

Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Walt Whitman JL | Judge: Salim Damerdji
_ Should build small high efficiency MSRs fueled by nuclear waste and fertile thorium, these reactors won’t meltdown during grid failure WHITWAM 14
Whitwam, Ryan. "Molten Salt Nuclear Reactor That Eats Radioactive Waste Gets Funded | Extremetech". ExtremeTech. N. p., 2014. Web. 11 Aug. 2016.
A few companies have continued pushing safer forms of nuclear power in a smaller form
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then maybe you won’t mind having a nuclear power plant in your backyard.

A switch to thorium would use up all of the existing nuclear waste and prevent new waste from being dumped
Rhodes, 12 – Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), (Chris, February, “Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy”, http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html)//vivienne
There is much written to the effect that thorium might prove a more viable nuclear
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will be the fulcrum on which the survival of human civilization is poised.

Competition- they Ban

Tournament: Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Walt Whitman JL | Judge: Salim Damerdji
Germany proves that ending the production of nuclear power results in the increased use of coal.
Lindsay Abrams (Staff Writer at Salon on sustainable energy), "Germany’s clean energy plan backfired", Salon, 07/30/2013, www.salon.com/2013/07/30/germanys_clean_energy_plan_backfired/
When a nuclear
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World Nuclear Association.

Nuclear power is producing zero-carbon electricity now—that will make or break whether we achieve crucial climate targets—wind and solar are insufficient
Bryce 6-16 Robert Bryce (senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute). “Solar's great and so is wind, but we still need nuclear power.” Op-Ed, Los Angeles Times. June 16th, 2016. http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-bryce-clean-energy-requires-nuclear-power-20160616-snap-story.html
If you are concerned about climate change, then you should take note of this
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ignore the intermittency” of those sources and make “unrealistic technical assumptions.” 

Global warming definitively causes extinction
Sharp and Kennedy 14 – (Associate Professor Robert (Bob) A. Sharp is the UAE National Defense College Associate Dean for Academic Programs and College Quality Assurance Advisor. He previously served as Assistant Professor of Strategic Security Studies at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) in the U.S. National Defense University (NDU), Washington D.C. and then as Associate Professor at the Near East South Asia (NESA) Center for Strategic Studies, collocated with NDU. Most recently at NESA, he focused on security sector reform in Yemen and Lebanon, and also supported regional security engagement events into Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Qatar; Edward Kennedy is a renewable energy and climate change specialist who has worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on carbon policy and markets; 8/22/14, “Climate Change and Implications for National Security,” International Policy Digest, http://intpolicydigest.org/2014/08/22/climate-change-implications-national-security/)
Our planet is 4.5 billion years old. If that whole time was
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investment patterns, and political decisions; it will be hard to fix! 

Coal turns case – 

Coal causes huge harms and environmental racism—turns case.
GEP 15, “Environmental Racism in America: An Overview of the Environmental Justice Movement and the Role of Race in Environmental Policies”, The Goldman Environmental Press, 24 Jun 2015,
The problem of racial profiling in America relates to more than just police brutality and
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living within three miles of the coal-fired power plants we visited.”

1. Power plants spew radioactive coal ash that multiple studies confirm is worse than nuclear waste
   Hvistendahl 16 Hvistendahl, Mara. "Coal Ash Is More Radioactive Than Nuclear Waste". Scientific American. N. p., 2016. Web. 23 Aug. 2016.
   Over the past few decades, however, a series of studies has called these
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   Earth's crust, cosmic rays, residue from nuclear tests and smoke detectors.