Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A. Interp- Debaters should disclose all positions they’ve broken on the NDCA LD 2016-2017 wiki under their own name, school, and correct side with cites and tags.

Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
Message me on facebook at Vasanth Venkatasami if you have any questions. I will disclose new stuff after every tournament. I reserve the right to read anything from all other Lex Wikis. 

BTW there seems to be a problem with the wiki and thus won't delete my old disclosure interp, the most up to date one the "1-Disclose or LMAO"

Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A. Debaters May not read 3 or more voters and not specify which comes first when asked cx or flex prep

A. Interp: The negative advocacy may not share any of the AC’s post fiat solvency mechanism that shifts from the status quo.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: WDM CT | Judge: Lauren Burdt

Competence in language as a standard of semantic objectivity is exclusionary

Niemi 9-22 ~Niemi, Rebar. "Mr. Nebel’s neighborhood, OR Nebel Tea- I sip it". September 22, 2015. http://premierdebatetoday.com/2015/09/22/nebel-t-i-sip-it/~~ NB
Though I believe Mr. Nebel to be fundamentally wrong on the debate theoretical level
AND
when he debated, he does not believe in comparative advantages between worlds.

A. It’s a gateway issue in evaluating the theory shell so theory can’t be weighed against it, solves all your offense because there’s a nonoffensive version of your arg

B. It’s like meta theory – proving it false isn’t sufficient to win- it questions the legitimacy of their interp

Debate only has instrumental value, appeals to rules of debate are useless in the real world and undermine the polyvocal nature of humanity

Koh And Niemi 15 ~Koh, Ben, and Rebar Niemi. "How Do I Reach These Kids?: An Affirmation of Polyvocal Debate by Ben Koh and Rebar Niemi." NSD Update. N.p., 15 Sept. 2015. Web. 15 Sept. 2015. http://nsdupdate.com/2015/09/15/how-do-i-reach-these-kids-an-affirmation-of-polyvocal-debate-by-ben-koh-rebar-niemi/.~~
For as long as there has been debate, there has been the debate about
AND
debate" do not allow for that, we advocate breaking those rules.

Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A. Interp- Debaters Must disclose all positions to debaters who are ranked lower or unranked on PDI Preseason rankings

Tournament: Blake | Round: 2 | Opponent: WDM AJ | Judge: David Larson
1AC
Part 1- Framing
Censorship has co-opted academia and created a moral haze that disguises oppressive power structures – our pedagogy must unravel this as a prior question to truth

GIROUX 15 (Henry A high-school social studies teacher in Barrington, Rhode Island, for six years,2 Giroux has held positions at Boston University, Miami University, and Penn State University. In 2005, Giroux began serving as the Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.34 He has published more than 50 books and more than 300 academic articles, and is published widely throughout education and cultural studies literature.5 "The curse of totalitarianism and the challenge of critical pedagogy" http://philosophersforchange.org/2015/10/13/the-curse-of-totalitarianism-and-the-challenge-of-critical-pedagogy/)VV
The forces of free-market fundamentalism are on the march ushering in a terrifying
AND
reclaim the political

Ethics must be universalizable, but that creates a contradiction within a classed-biased society, giving an ethical obligation to resist capitalism- this means the 1AC precludes 

LLORENTE 03 Renzo Llorente. “Maurice Cornforth’s Contribution to Marxist Metaethics.” NATURE, SOCIETY, AND THOUGHT Vol. 16, No. 3 (2003).http://homepages.spa.umn.edu/~marquit/nst163a.pdf’
Let me begin with what is undoubtedly the central feature of Cornforth’s critique of
AND
possess the economic and political resources to ensure that their interests prevail.13

The role of the ballot is to problematize dominant epistemologies—as intellectuals we must question society and work towards material change

Owen 94  David Owen, Professor of Social and Political Philosophy @ University of Southampton, 1994 (Maturity and Modernity, pp 209-210)
The ‘universal’ intellectual, on Foucault’s account, is that figure who maintains a
AND
we recognize our autonomy in the contestation of determinations of who we are.

We need to embrace the political as a heuristic to reclaim political- policy action key

Zanotti 14 Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance."Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.
While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory,
AND
the context where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations

Plan Text- Public Colleges and Universities in the United States ought to ban speech codes

Lukianoff and Haidt 15 (Greg Lukianoff is the president and CEO of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education and Jonathan Haidt is the Thomas Cooley professor of ethical leadership at the NYU-Stern School of Business), "The Coddling of the American Mind", The Atlantic, 09/2015, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/VV
Attempts to shield
AND
further serve that goal.

Advantage 1- Biopower

Academia has been subsumed in the act of repression of new ideas and ideologies- Kills all activism, the 1AC is key to reclaim education- We control the internal link to all education impacts

Maloney 16, Cliff. "Colleges Have No Right to Limit Students' Free Speech." Time. Time, 13 Oct. 2016. Web. 03 Dec. 2016. http://time.com/4530197/college-free-speech-zone/. Cliff joined YAL in 2011 as a Chapter President and quickly took on the role of Pennsylvania State Chairman. He now serves as YAL's Executive Director. Last year, he served as National Youth Director for Rand Paul's 2016 Presidential Campaign Committee where he managed "Students for Rand" and mobilized 507 chapters nationwide. Prior to the campaign, Cliff worked as the YAL Northeast Regional Director where he grew the Northeast to over 160 YAL chapters. In 2014, he served as Youth Director on the Igor Birman for Congress campaign and decided to dedicate his life to the cause of liberty. Cliff was named the 2013 Ron Paul Liberty Scholar. He is a graduate of the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Class of 2014, with a B.A. in Education and a B.S. in Theatre Arts. He is an avid Philadelphia sports fan.VV
University campuses
AMD
t everywhere in America.

Censorship results in normalization with any different ideas being banished- Imposes the power of state over Academia- We need to go rouge
Halberstam 11 J. J. Jack Halberstam, professor of English at the University of Southern California, The Queer Art of Failure, pg. 5VV
In the sciences,
AND
being and doing.

Disciplinary powers turn humans into machines who act as the political tells them too, this eliminates all freedom and justifies mass atrocities.

Clifford 1 2001 (Michael Clifford is a professor of philosophy at the Mississippi State University. He holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Vanderbilt University. "Political Genealogy After Foucault." Routledge Publications, 2001. pg. 48 DC)
The chief function ‘
AND
 most modern institutions. 

Loss of freedom outweighs all other impacts, freedom is the foundation of human existence.

Clifford 1 2001 (Michael Clifford is a professor of philosophy at the Mississippi State University. He holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Vanderbilt University. "Political Genealogy After Foucault." Routledge Publications, 2001. pg. 48 DC)
However, this characterization
AND
 emergence and constitution. (143) 

Advantage 2- Capitalism

Censorship is a tool of the capitalist state to kill criticism- We control the internal Link  

Shaw 12 Padmaja."Marx As Journalist: Revisiting The Free Speech Debate." N.p., 2010. Web. 7 Dec. 2016. http://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/389. graduated with a Masters degree in Journalism from Osmania University, India, and an MA (Telecommunications) from Michigan State University, USA. She completed a PhD in Development Studies and has been teaching at the Department of Communication and Journalism, Osmania University, India, since 1988. She has two tracks of interest: Broadcast production and political economy of communication. She contributes regularly to a media watch website, The Hoot, and writes a regular column in a local English language daily newspaper, The Hans IndiaVV
Marx’s opposition
AND
of public communication (Hardt 2000).

Universities incorporate white market oriented ways of thinking for social change, freedom of speech would solve- The 1AC controls the internal link to all activism impacts 

Chomsky 16, Aviva. "Student Protest, the Black Lives Matter Movement and the Rise of the Corporate University." Truthout. N.p., 22 May 2016. Web. 13 Dec. 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36135-student-protest-the-black-lives-matter-movement-and-the-rise-of-the-corporate-university. Aviva Chomsky's most recent book is Undocumented: How Immigration Became Illegal (Beacon Press, 2014). She is professor of history and coordinator of Latin American studies at Salem State University in Massachusetts.VV
In this context,
AND
present on-campus movement

Bigotry is protected by the silencing of the student body- Reclaim speech to  challenge oppression

Slater 14, Tom. "Down with Campus Censorship: It's Time to Stop Banning Everything." The Tab. N.p., 07 Apr. 2014. Web. 07 Dec. 2016. http://thetab.com/2014/04/07/down-with-campus-censorship-13390. Tom is deputy editor at spiked. Tom is also a regular contributor to the Spectator, the Telegraph and Time Out.VV
The truth is
AND
for the better.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Hockaday | Judge: Fife

1. Structural violence and oppression is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is not based on dessert but rather on arbitrarily perceived differences.

Opotow 01 ~Susan Opotow 01 ~Susan Opotow is a social and organizational psychologist. Her work examines the intersection of conflict, justice, and identity as they give rise to moral exclusion — seeing others as outside the scope of justice and as eligible targets of discrimination, exploitation, hate, or violence. She studies moral exclusion and moral inclusion in such everyday contexts as schooling, environmental and public policy conflict, and in more violent contexts, such as deadly wars and the post-war period. She has guest edited The Journal of Social Issues and Social Justice Research and co-edited Identity and the Natural Environment: The Psychological Significance of Nature (MIT Press, 2003). She is associate editor of Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology and Past President of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues~, "Social Injustice", Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Centuryl Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001, BE~
Both structural and direct violence result~s~ from moral justifications and rationalizations.
AND
oneself or one's group at the expense of others (Tajfel, 1982).

A. You're in a double bind- either 1. your framework cares about oppression which means that the case link turns it or 2. it doesn't care about oppression and that proves our exclusion offense

B. Prerequisite to other ethical theories- we need to be a part of ethical deliberation and ethics in order for it to matter

2. Causal processes predispose us to certain types of reasoning. Particular morality must deconstruct oppression and be historically informed– identity critique is no more radical than ideal political philosophy that essentializes groups

 (a) Means that any realist view appealing to intrinsic goods are arbitrary and causal biases created from external forces instead of independent goods
(b) Constitutivism fails because it asserts the standard of a good agent which beg the question of an independent normative standard to be optimal to. Practical reasoning isn't constitutive of agency because verifying the truth of practical reasoning requires fixation upon independent standards; but people either have reasons or they don't, there's no normative impact to being a desiring wanton that doesn't appeal to independent values.
(c) Agency- external reasons can't exist because truths must be self evident
AND
relations (of. May, 1987, pp. 22-23).

3. No act-omission or intent-foresight distinction

A. The choice to omit constitutes an act in itself since when we intend an act we also must intend not to do anything else

B. Willing foreseen effects are necessary to actualize intent so we will the end as a whole.

C. Intent is unverifiable and reified by systems that claim to be good which makes ethics subjective because anyone can claim to have had good intent

D. Mental states like intention or motivation evaluate agents but have no bearing on action because intentions can be shaped by the character of an agent and can change what we perceive as the action

Thus, the standard is minimizing structural violence

Advantage

Plan Text: Public colleges and universities ought to ban the use of free speech restrictions on student athletes

The NCAA's social media policies violate the constitutionally protected speech of student athletes- colleges have capability to ovverdie it because its recommended by the NCAA

Barocas 15——Bretta Barocas, 2015. Brooklyn Law Review. Volume 80, Issue 3. An Unconstitutional Playbook: Why the NCAA Must Stop Monitoring Student-Athletes' Password- Protected Social Media Content. RW
This note argues that the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) must adopt a
AND
be proactive and take action to increase its reputation and level of accountability. 

Social media restrictions resemble exploitation of student athletes- it violates their free speech and harbor athletic success at the expense of education

Stoller 15—- Eric Stoller. February 5, 2015. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/student-affairs-and-technology/coaches-please-stop-banning-social-media. RW
When will college and university coaches stop banning their players from using social media?
AND
social media bans and are instead given the educational experience that they deserve.

Social media restrictions are an effort to control athletes in all facets of life—that violates the first amendment right to free speech

Kimes 15—— Mina Kimes, September 2, 2015.  Social media bans may violate college athletes' First Amendment rights. ESPN.  http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/social-media-bans-violate-college-athletes-amendment-rights/story?id=33482714. RW
COLLEGE IS A petri dish for self-expression, a place where students can
AND
need a megaphone too. And they have the right to use one.

Social media is a unique platform for college athletes to encourage activism and express solidarity with their own political agency—censorship on those grounds discourages activism and normalizes racism on campus

New 16—- Jake New, August 3, 2016. "What Athletes Can Say". Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/08/03/coachs-comments-about-players-social-media-posts-spark-debate-athlete-speech. RW
While Mora said during a media conference in July that he does not plan on
AND
. Colleges are going to have to walk very carefully through some minefields."

Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.

 Curry 14 ~Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE~
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
AND
used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.

The Role of the Ballot is to endorse the best strategy for social media activism—social media outlets are an essential avenue for liberation and agency of marginalized communites

Glover 15—- Cameron Glover, April 30th, 2015. Model View Culture. https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/social-media-activism-and-the-problem-with-legitimacy. RW
There have been few other movements to spark as much controversy, confusion, and
AND
creators are able to see success in shifting activism for the tech age.

UV

Empirically proven most college athletes are against hate speech and speak out against it – giving them free speech would NOT cause hate speech.

Isaacson 15
More than ever, college athletes speaking out against R-word By Melissa Isaacson | Jul 22, 2015 espnW.com http://www.espn.com/espnw/news-commentary/article/13298417/special-olympics-world-games-how-college-athletes-stepping-help-stop-use-hate-speech LHS HW
Kendall Cooper was shown a list of hateful words and derogatory phrases for Duke's "
AND
Cahn said, and its Unified Sports program is a good starting point.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Marcus NS | Judge: Tom Evnen
Truth testing
ANALITICS

Next, The aff burden is to prove any right to free speech exists and the neg burden is to prove there is no right to free speech
ANALITICS

Part 2- FW
Freedom must be apriori- Revisionist quantum mechanics goes aff
KAKU 11
Kaku, Michio. "Why Physics Ends the Free Will Debate." Big Think. N.p., 13 Apr. 2011. Web. 31 July 2016. http://bigthink.com/videos/why-physics-ends-the-free-will-debate.
Newtonian Determinism says
AND
of uncertainty in whatever we do.

A. Resolvability – otherwise its impossible for the judge to make a decision because they can’t be free to vote for the better debater Willing that we should abide by their ethical theory presupposes that we own ourselves in the first place. Thus, denying self-ownership in the round automatically implies the truth of the aff framework.  Ostrowski on Hoppe
James, , A SYMPOSIUM ON DRUG DECRIMINALIZATION: THE MORAL AND PRACTICAL CASE FOR DRUG LEGALIZATION. SPRING, 1990 18 Hofstra L. Rev. 607
"Argumentation is a conflict-free way of interacting ... a mutual
AND
opposite, i.e., the aforementioned principle of non-aggression. 

ANALITICS

To say something is permitted is not to say that there is no possibility of a prohibition; rather it just matters that it is permitted under one locus of duty. A) This is true of obligations because the existence of an obligation doesn’t mean that there can’t be another obligation to do something else, as an obligation is just a locus of duty. B) Proving the resolution true under a specific index is sufficient to affirm regardless of any other type of index that negates. Rödl :
This view is
AND
is so affixing myself to p.

Self-consciousness requires us to will universal independence – realist goods are determined causally and rationality brings them into question
KORSGAARD 96
Christine Korsgaard. “The Sources of Normativity.” Lecture 3. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. 1996. Gender modified. http://tannerlectures.utah.edu/_documents/a-to-z/k/korsgaard94.pdf
Kant defines a free will as a rational causality that is effective without being determined
AND
fulfill or even receive the obligation of obedience you need to be an agent

Part 3- Contention

ANALITICS

Part 4- Underview

UV
Variable

Tournament: Blake | Round: 3 | Opponent: WDM LB | Judge: William Lai
Colleges and universities have significantly repressed constitutionally protected speech—as political correctness defines the milieu of campuses, limits on speech have all but disappeared with the rise of Trump
Burleigh 16
Nina Burleigh (Newsweek's National Politics Correspondent. She is an award-winning journalist and the author of five books. Her last book, The Fatal Gift of Beauty: The Trials of Amanda Knox, was a New York Times bestseller. In the last several years, she has covered a wide array of subjects, from American politics to the Arab Spring). “The Battle Against ‘Hate Speech’ on College Campuses Gives Rise to a Generation that Hates Speech.” Newsweek. May 26th, 2016. http://www.newsweek.com/2016/06/03/college-campus-free-speech-thought-police-463536.html
More than half of America’s colleges and universities now have restrictive speech codes. And
AND
of his words would almost certainly be prohibited speech on most college campuses. 

Trump is an example of how public vulgarity has returned to the political, disintegrating the ethical substance of public life—at the same time, restrictions which mandate politically correct speech contribute to the same destruction by normalizing state violence
Zizek 16
Slavoj Zizek (cultural critic). “The Return of Public Vulgarity.” Newsweek. February 12th, 2016. http://www.newsweek.com/return-public-vulgarity-425691
We should be under no illusions about the meaning of statements like those of Netanyahu
AND
faceless institutions that regulate their lives in a nontransparent way is fully justified.

This seeming paradox at the heart of speech restrictions proves the undecidability at the heart of our symbolic order—political correctness guarantees that offensiveness will appear in a worse form that is masked by benevolence--we must understand the power relations at the heart of language
Zizek 99 Slavoj Zizek. The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology. Pgs. 332-333, 1999. Google Books.
In all these domains, the différend seems to be irreducible—that is to
AND
criterion in order to direct and posit a limitation to inherent scientific drive.

The culture of political correctness and the biopolitics of the university are two sides of the same coin—individual subjects are reduced to bare life, and attempts at transgression have failed because of our narcissistic subjectivities
Huang 11 Han-yu Huang (Department of English, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan). “Risk, Fear and Immunity: Reinventing the Political in the Age of Biopolitics.” Concentric: Literary and Cultural Studies 37.1 March 2011: 43-71
From his very early work onwards, Žižek has been preoccupied with how the bureaucratic
AND
), which ends up, again, disavowing the fundamental social antagonism. 

Political correctness prevents us from truly overcoming inequalities—we choose to soften our language in lieu of challenging structures—only a method of shared obscene solidarity places ourselves and the Other on equal footing
Merelli 15 Annalisa Merelli (holds a master's degree in semiotics and a bachelor's degree in mass communication from the University of Bologna). “Slavoj Žižek thinks political correctness is exactly what perpetuates prejudice and racism.” Quartz. May 8th, 2015. http://qz.com/398723/slavoj-zizek-thinks-political-correctness-is-exactly-what-perpetuates-prejudice-and-racism/
“I’m well aware that we should not just walk around and humiliate each other
AND
can openly be made fun of, just as we do of ourselves.

Vote aff to affirm the obscene—Only the 1AC fosters intellectual freedom—language must be a conduit for venting our aggressiveness—censorship forces us to repress our desires, making physical violence inevitable
Schwartz 86 Joel Schwartz (University of Toronto). “Freud and Freedom of Speech.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 80, No. 4 (Dec., 1986), pp. 1227-1248. JSTOR.
These statements suggest that Freud defends intellectual freedom for reasons similar to some of those
AND
(Freud, 1916-17, lecture 9, p. 142)

I affirm that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. 

Violence is not always given rational articulation—that makes it impossible to comprehend simply through moral philosophy—only psychoanalysis enables us to understand the symbolic violence at the heart of political correctness
Valentic 16 Tonci Valentic (University of Zagreb). “Symbolic Violence and Global Capitalism.” International Journal of Zizek Studies, vol. 2, no. 2. 2016. http://www.zizekstudies.org/index.php/IJZS/article/viewFile/108/108
The major task of philosophical analysis of violence in contemporary world should be developing a
AND
only the tip of an iceberg made up of "systemic" violence. 

The role of the ballot and judge is to investigate violence through psychoanalytic phenomenology—this is uniquely key to understanding political correctness and fostering meaningful dialogue
Schwartz 16 Howard Schwartz. Political Correctness and the Destruction of Social Order: Chronicling the Rise of the Pristine Self. Palgrave Macmillan, pg. 4, 2016. Google Books.
The occasion for this has been what I call the rise, or the establishment
AND
is. It is in that spirit that we will undertake this inquiry. 

Self-reflexive interrogation of the psyche is essential to ushering in new patterns of symbolization
Moon 13 Davis S. Moon. “Autonomy and alienated subjectivity: A re-reading of Castoriadis, through Zizek.” Subjectivity, 6 (4). pp. 424-244. 2013. http://opus.bath.ac.uk/36738/1/AaAS_Subjectivities_R_R_FINAL_DSM.pdf
Alienation and Autonomy: Prerequisite, not Obstacle The key issue here is the psyche
AND
through Žižek as advocated here produces a new composite purer for being tainted.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Murrah JB | Judge: Jharick Shields
NARRATIVE

 
Part 2- The Myth

Oppression is justified against Indians through the use of the model minority myth through denying its existence- Spills over to oppression of other bodies – We need to engage in meaning full discourse to begin to solve- The role of the ballot is to vote for the debate who best dispels the myth of the model minority through the use of a narrative.
Singhvi 16 Sahil. "The Invisible Indian: Insularity, Intersectionality, and the Model Minority Myth."Fox and Hedgehog. N.p., 05 Sept. 2016. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. http://www.foxhedgehog.com/2016/05/the-invisible-indian-insularity-intersectionality-and-the-model-minority-myth/. Sahil Singhvi is a student at Wesleyan University, an independent musician, and an Executive Editor with FandH. As an activist and an advocate for social change, he frequents political rallies, open mics, and the occasional doggy day-care VV
The immigration of Asian-born people to the United States is a fairly recent
AND
blacks in the late nineteenth century led to resentment predicated upon this stereotype.

The Myth has rendered the model minority has invisible to society- Acknowledge our oppression  and Social Empowerment – We are key to all other social movements
Singhvi 16 Sahil. "The Invisible Indian: Insularity, Intersectionality, and the Model Minority Myth."Fox and Hedgehog. N.p., 05 Sept. 2016. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. http://www.foxhedgehog.com/2016/05/the-invisible-indian-insularity-intersectionality-and-the-model-minority-myth/. Sahil Singhvi is a student at Wesleyan University, an independent musician, and an Executive Editor with FandH. As an activist and an advocate for social change, he frequents political rallies, open mics, and the occasional doggy day-care VV
The relatively low number of Indians in the U.S., combined with the
AND
interactions, but it is in unity that we will find our strength.

Internalized Oppression is Unique- We are told to resist but what can we resist when we think that we are wrong and the colonizer is right? This endless cycle needs a new method of analysis to take action- We control the internal link to your policy arguments – The 1AC  is a prerequisite to policy induced material change
Osajima 7/1 Keith Osajima, Replenishing the Ranks: Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; Journal of Asian American Studies, Volume 10, Number 1, February 2007, pp. 59-83; Keith Osajima is Professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program. He is in his 15th year at the University of Redlands, having taught previously at the University of California, Davis, and Colgate University. Professor Osajima teaches core major courses in the Program such as “Introduction to Race and Ethnic Studies,” “Race Theory” and the “Senior Capstone Seminar.” He also teaches courses on whiteness and anti-racism, environmental justice, race in higher education, and Asians in the United States. Professor Osajima has written numerous articles on Asian Americans in higher education, which cover span issues related to the politics of race in education, internalized racism and the model minority stereotype. He has also written and conducted workshops on diversity issues in higher education. VV
So how can we understand the quiet Asian student? How can we understand what
AND
violence and force. The oppressed become unwitting participants in their own oppression.

Government doesn’t understand the oppression of Asian Americans - the model minority – portraying Asian Americans solely as hardworking others – without exposure of plight makes people resent and become unsympathetic resulting in continuing suffering and oppression of other bodies
Chang 93 1993,  Robert S. Chang is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241 VV
This history of discrimination and violence, as well as the contemporary problems of Asian
AND
(2) legitimizing the  oppression of other racial minorities and poor whites. 

Narratives are key to genuine power resistance- they give meaning to real social change and allow us to understand oppression.
Reinborough and Canning Patrick Reinsborough and Doyle Canning . (“Theory: Narrative Power Analysis.” Patrick Reinsborough is a strategist, organizer and creative provocateur with over twenty years of experience campaigning for peace, justice, indigenous rights and ecological sanity. Patrick has helped organize countless creative interventions, including mass direct actions that shut down the Seattle WTO meeting in 1999 and protested the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. He is the author of numerous essays on social change theory and practice, including co-writing Re:Imagining Change (PM Press 2010). He is the co-founder of the Center for Story-based Strategy (formerly known as smartMeme), a movement support organization which harnesses the power of narrative for fundamental social change. He lives with his family in the San Francisco Bay area. Doyle Canning was struck by a tear gas canister in the streets of Seattle in 1999, and has never been the same since. She is a creative strategist with a deep commitment to building broad-based movements for social justice and an ecological future. Doyle is a co-founder of the Center for Story-based Strategy (formerly known as smartMeme). She delivers training, coaching, facilitation and framing to high-impact networks who are taking on greedy corporations, corrupt politicians, racist laws and polluting policies. Doyle is co-author of Re:Imagining Change with Patrick Reinsborough. She lives with her husband in Boston, where she enjoys practicing yoga, cooking, and making music. Beautiful Trouble: A Toolbox for Revolution. http://beautifultrouble.org/theory/narrative-power-analysis/) VV
All power relations have a narrative dimension. Narrative power analysis is a systematic methodology
AND
replace them with new stories that help build a fairer, freer world.

Our discussions cannot be based on ideal theory— We can’t abstract away from the material issues in the real world.
Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14 The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014 VV
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
AND
used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.

Part 3- The Method

Our speech is not free, its used to put us into categories- we are “FRESH OFF THE BOAT” , Restrictions on speech is way a whiteness seeks to exclude us, affirm to allow us to reclaim what speech really means, allow us to speak with out being labeled. Conscientization is key to our confidence to speak how we want- This is a starting point to changing the whiteness of language
Yan 10  Oi. ""More Complicated than a Numbers Game": A Critical Race Theory Examination of Asian Americans and Campus Racial Climate." (n.d.): n. pag. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles, 2010. Web. http://eaop.ucsd.edu/198/group-identity/More20complicated20than20a20numbers20game20-2020A20critical20race20theory20examination20of20Asian20Americans20and20campus20racial20climate.pdf. Graduate Student at UCLA. A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education VV
Indeed, interview subjects identified one's speech pattern as a marker of acceptance or difference
AND
parents put her at a disadvantage in her English skills compared to Whites.

The 1AC affirms the resolution as a method of Conscientization so that we can Name Our world. Productive discussion is key for Asian Americans to start the resistance to oppression. I can clarify in CX so we don’t have to silly T debates
Osajima 7 Keith Osajima, Replenishing the Ranks: Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; Journal of Asian American Studies, Volume 10, Number 1, February 2007, pp. 59-83; Keith Osajima is Professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program. He is in his 15th year at the University of Redlands, having taught previously at the University of California, Davis, and Colgate University. Professor Osajima teaches core major courses in the Program such as “Introduction to Race and Ethnic Studies,” “Race Theory” and the “Senior Capstone Seminar.” He also teaches courses on whiteness and anti-racism, environmental justice, race in higher education, and Asians in the United States. Professor Osajima has written numerous articles on Asian Americans in higher education, which cover span issues related to the politics of race in education, internalized racism and the model minority stereotype. He has also written and conducted workshops on diversity issues in higher education. VV
Conscientization for these respondents meant being able to “name their world.” That is
AND
with other people had contributed to their growth in a variety of ways. 

Each round is key to the development of Asian American critical consciousness- Vote aff to affirm our rise to activism
Osajima 7 Keith Osajima, Replenishing the Ranks: Raising Critical Consciousness Among Asian Americans; Journal of Asian American Studies, Volume 10, Number 1, February 2007, pp. 59-83; Keith Osajima is Professor and Director of the Race and Ethnic Studies Program. He is in his 15th year at the University of Redlands, having taught previously at the University of California, Davis, and Colgate University. Professor Osajima teaches core major courses in the Program such as “Introduction to Race and Ethnic Studies,” “Race Theory” and the “Senior Capstone Seminar.” He also teaches courses on whiteness and anti-racism, environmental justice, race in higher education, and Asians in the United States. Professor Osajima has written numerous articles on Asian Americans in higher education, which cover span issues related to the politics of race in education, internalized racism and the model minority stereotype. He has also written and conducted workshops on diversity issues in higher education. VV
It is evident that young Asian Americans, like their 1960s counterparts, have continued
AND
reflection, can help to move students toward an Asian American consciousness.7 

The Discourse of the 1AC is key to Asian American Legal scholarship- that means the 1AC precludes
Chang 93/2 1993,  Robert S. Chang is a Professor of Law and an Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development, He also serves on the advisory board of Berkeley’s Asian American Law Journal. “Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-Structuralism, and Narrative Space”, 81 Cal. L. Rev. 1241 VV
No discourse takes place in a vacuum; each situates itself, or is situated
AND
so doing, attempt to colonize the writing of minorities and outgroup members." 

Put Away Your Hate Speech DA- Even if hate speech is bad the only way we resist and create change is if engage with the 1AC method- Conscientization is the only way we can truly resolve the culture of silence on campus
Edelmira and Tarnjeet 10 Garcia, Edelmira, and Tarnjeet Kang. "Chapter 5." Implementing Diversity: Contemporary Challenges and Best Practices at Predominantly White Universities. Chicago: U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010. 84-86. Print. Edelmira Garcia- Deputy Director for Constituency Services-Education at NALEO Educational Fund. Former Graduate Assistant at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Tarnjeet Kang- Lecturer, graduate Assistant and Student at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign VV
Those in the dominant group are also affected by permitting racism to continue, masked
AND
uncritically assimilated as fact” (Leistina, 1999, p. 74).

Underview

1. Critical theory demands that Particularity is the best standard- this means they should specifically explain how root cause claims cause the aff impacts, why the RoB is uniquely unacceptable, etc. Instead of saying capitalism is the root cause of everything.
   Price 98 (RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications – http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf)
   One of the central departures of critical international theory from positivism is the view that
   AND
   violates the interpretive ethos of critical international theory than does critical theory itself.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cambridge OS | Judge: Jermey Dang
The role of the ballot is to vote for the debate who best dispels the myth of the model minority.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Chanhassen NW | Judge: Rebecca Kuang

1AC

The self perpetuating cycle of anti-black violence was created by policy and can only be ended as such – debate is essential to engage in contestation of those policies to determine the best option to challenge anti-blackness

Bouie 13  ~Jamelle, The American Prospect, "Making (and Dismantling) Racism" http://prospect.org/article/making-and-dismantling-racism, accessed 10-15-14, TAP~
Over at The Atlantic, Ta-Nehisi Coates has been exploring the intersection of
AND
of the Negro (Kindle Locations 952-958).  . Kindle Edition.

Political Education has historically been restricted from the black body – prevents any chance of resistance to racism

Woodson 98 ~Woodson, Carter G. The Mis-Education of the Negro. Trenton, N.J: Africa World Press, 1998. Print.~ NN
Not long ago a measure was introduced in a certain State Legislature to have the
AND
if there is no back door, his very nature will demand one.  

*We do not agree with use of gendered language or outdated labels*

We need to embrace the political as a heuristic to reclaim political education for the black subject. Pessimistic activism fails

Zanotti 14 ~Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance."Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.~
While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory,
AND
the context where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations

Our discussions cannot be based on ideal theory— We can’t abstract away from the problems in the real world. Policy Discussion are key

Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14 The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014 VV
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
AND
to endorse the debater with the best material approach to deconstructing Anti- Blackness 

Plan

Plan Text: The United States Federal government ought to replace qualified immunity protections for constitutional rights violations with strict liability - doesn’t eliminate QI but prevents its use for constitutional violations specifically

Bernick 15 ~Bernick, Evan. "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." FEE Freeman Article. Foundation for Economic Education, 06 May 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/.~~ NN
What needs to happen? Simply put, qualified immunity has to go. It
AND
officers currently enjoy with a realistic avenue for the vindication of constitutional rights.

Strict Liability would hold police for Constitutional rights violations regardless of culpability. Each violation is absolute.

Laws ND Laws, Negligence. "AN EASY GUIDE TO STRICT LIABILITY TORT." Laws. Law.com, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. http://negligence.laws.com/strict-liability. NN
Tort law (which this applies to) is for civil cases
Implication is 
AND
risks of the product, they will not be able to recover damages.

Officers can misrepresent incidents to avoid internal affairs investigations; Means judicial investigation for QI can be falsely premised – litigation uniquely solves

Schwartz 11 ~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law.  She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
Fourth, officials may mislabel or misfile civilian complaints so they are not investigated.
AND
misconduct claims so that they will not be investigated by internal affairs.141

Lawsuits are uniquely key to revealing the truth behind constitutional rights violations.

Schwartz 11-2 ~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law.  She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
The most "glaring deficiency" of the internal investigation was the failure to enhance
AND
be filled, at least in part, by information revealed in litigation.

Higher aggregate of lawsuits means departments can identify trends – Key to effective policy

Schwartz 11-3 ~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law.  She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
By reviewing lawsuits as a group, departments can identify problems that would not have
AND
on this issue, and it "nearly disappeared as a problem."71

Adv – The Police

QI allows insane police defenses to clear constitutional violations – Disproportionately hurts black people.

Crockford 15~Crockford, Kade. "Militarization of Police and Racial Justice Gone Wrong: The Eurie Stamps Tragedy." American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU, 29 Sept. 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/militarization-police-and-racial-justice-gone-wrong-eurie-stamps-tragedy.~~ NN
That was in 2011, during a SWAT raid on Stamps’ home. The Framingham
AND
endanger individuals and communities already bearing the brunt of disparate, aggressive policing. 

Police Culture has developed to a point that fatal force is common place- we need a major change to Qualified Immunity to solve

Joyner 15, ~Irving. "The Police, the Law, and the Unjustified Use of Force." RSS. N.p., 8 July 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2016. http://www.scalawagmagazine.org/articles/police-law-force. Law Professor Irving Joyner explains the near impossibility of prosecuting police officers for using excessive force, and suggests what we can do about it.~ VV
Where a police officer uses any degree of force, fatal or non-fatal
AND
the police culture and its use of force will continue to frustrate people.

Rolling back Qualified Immunity is the first step to make the Police more accountable

Wright 15, ~Sam. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. N.p., 3 Nov. 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/.~~VV
In order to truly hold police accountable for bad acts, civilians must be able
AND
show that that conduct’s illegality has already been clearly established in the courts?

QI allows blatantly outrageous conduct and rights violations to go unpunished – civil lawsuits key for policy shift in departments

Bernick 15-2
 ~Bernick, Evan. "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." FEE Freeman Article. Foundation for Economic Education, 06 May 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/.~~ NN
In the wake of the tragic deaths of Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Walter
AND
granted, discovery stops, and there is no trial on the merits.

Civil lawsuits put pressure on police departments for personnel changes—cops are deterred by threat of losing their job

Rosario 16
Ruben Rosario. When Cops kill, civil lawsuits are often a way justice is served. Twin Cities pioneer press. From smoking crack in a Harlem drug den for a front-page exposé to covering the deaths of 86 people in a Bronx social club fire, Rubén Rosario spent 11 years as a writer for the New York Daily News before joining the Pioneer Press in 1991 as special correspondent and city editor. He launched his award-winning column in 1997. He is by far the loudest writer in the newsroom over the phone. July 16, 2016. http://www.twincities.com/2016/07/16/rosario-when-cops-kill-civil-lawsuits-often-are-way-justice-is-served/.**
"Civil suits can do a number of things to help achieve justice: secure
AND
and the department will need to find alternative coverage or cease to exist.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: WDM CT | Judge: Lauren Burdt

1. The self perpetuating cycle of anti-black violence was created by policy and can only be ended as such – debate is essential to engage in contestation of those policies to determine the best option to challenge anti-blackness ====
   Bouie 13  ~Jamelle, The American Prospect, "Making (and Dismantling) Racism" http://prospect.org/article/making-and-dismantling-racism, accessed 10-15-14, TAP~
   Over at The Atlantic, Ta-Nehisi Coates has been exploring the intersection of
   AND
   of the Negro (Kindle Locations 952-958).  . Kindle Edition.

2. Non ideal theory good

Mills 05 ~Charles W. Mills, "Ideal Theory" as Ideology, 2005~
I suggest that this spontaneous reaction, far from being philosophically naïve or jejune
AND
that the ideal-as-idealized-model will never be achieved.

3. We need to embrace the political as a heuristic to reclaim political education for the black subject. Pessimistic activism fails

Zanotti 14 ~Dr. Laura Zanotti is an Associate Professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech. Her research and teaching include critical political theory as well as international organizations, UN peacekeeping, democratization and the role of NGOs in post-conflict governance."Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World" – Alternatives: Global, Local, Political – vol 38(4):p. 288-304,. A little unclear if this is late 2013 or early 2014 – The Stated "Version of Record" is Feb 20, 2014, but was originally published online on December 30th, 2013. Obtained via Sage Database.~
While there are important variations in the way international relations scholars use governmentality theory,
AND
the context where they are made rather than based upon their universal normative aspirations

4. Our discussions cannot be based on ideal theory— We can’t abstract away from the problems in the real world. Policy Discussion about material conditions are key

Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14 The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014 VV
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
AND
to endorse the debater with the best material approach to deconstructing Anti- Blackness 

Plan

Plan Text: The United States Federal government ought to replace qualified immunity protections for constitutional rights violations with strict liability- We can clarify in CX

Bernick 15 ~Bernick, Evan. "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." FEE Freeman Article. Foundation for Economic Education, 06 May 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/.~~ NN
What needs to happen? Simply put, qualified immunity has to go. It
AND
officers currently enjoy with a realistic avenue for the vindication of constitutional rights.

Strict Liability would hold police for Constitutional rights violations regardless of culpability. Each violation is absolute.

Laws ND Laws, Negligence. "AN EASY GUIDE TO STRICT LIABILITY TORT." Laws. Law.com, n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. http://negligence.laws.com/strict-liability. NN
Tort law (which this applies to) is for civil cases
Implication is 
AND
risks of the product, they will not be able to recover damages.

Officers can misrepresent incidents to avoid internal affairs investigations; Means judicial investigation for QI can be falsely premised – litigation uniquely solves

Schwartz 11 ~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law.  She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
Fourth, officials may mislabel or misfile civilian complaints so they are not investigated.
AND
misconduct claims so that they will not be investigated by internal affairs.141

Lawsuits are uniquely key to revealing the truth behind constitutional rights violations.

Schwartz 11-2 ~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law.  She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
The most "glaring deficiency" of the internal investigation was the failure to enhance
AND
be filled, at least in part, by information revealed in litigation.

Higher aggregate of lawsuits means departments can identify trends – Key to effective policy

Schwartz 11-3 ~Schwartz, Joanna C. is a Professor of Law at UCLA School of Law.  She teaches Civil Procedure, the Civil Rights Litigation Clinic, and a variety of courses on police accountability and public interest lawyering. In 2015, she received UCLA’s Distinguished Teaching Award. She is a graduate of Brown University and Yale Law School "What Police Learn from Lawsuits." Cardozo L. Rev. 33 (2011): 841. http://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/event/265497/media/slspublic/What'Police'Learn'From'Lawsuits.pdf~~ NN
By reviewing lawsuits as a group, departments can identify problems that would not have
AND
on this issue, and it "nearly disappeared as a problem."71

Adv – The Police

QI allows insane police defenses to clear constitutional violations – Disproportionately hurts black people.

Crockford 15~Crockford, Kade. "Militarization of Police and Racial Justice Gone Wrong: The Eurie Stamps Tragedy." American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU, 29 Sept. 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://www.aclu.org/blog/speak-freely/militarization-police-and-racial-justice-gone-wrong-eurie-stamps-tragedy.~~ NN
That was in 2011, during a SWAT raid on Stamps’ home. The Framingham
AND
endanger individuals and communities already bearing the brunt of disparate, aggressive policing. 

Police Culture has developed to a point that fatal force is common place- we need a major change to Qualified Immunity to solve

Joyner 15, ~Irving. "The Police, the Law, and the Unjustified Use of Force." RSS. N.p., 8 July 2015. Web. 24 Oct. 2016. http://www.scalawagmagazine.org/articles/police-law-force. Law Professor Irving Joyner explains the near impossibility of prosecuting police officers for using excessive force, and suggests what we can do about it.~ VV
Where a police officer uses any degree of force, fatal or non-fatal
AND
the police culture and its use of force will continue to frustrate people.

Rolling back Qualified Immunity is the first step to make the Police more accountable

Wright 15, ~Sam. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. N.p., 3 Nov. 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2016. http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/.~~VV
In order to truly hold police accountable for bad acts, civilians must be able
AND
show that that conduct’s illegality has already been clearly established in the courts?

QI allows blatantly outrageous conduct and rights violations to go unpunished – civil lawsuits key for policy shift in departments

Bernick 15-2
 ~Bernick, Evan. "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity." FEE Freeman Article. Foundation for Economic Education, 06 May 2015. Web. 21 Oct. 2016. https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/.~~ NN
In the wake of the tragic deaths of Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Walter
AND
granted, discovery stops, and there is no trial on the merits.

Civil lawsuits put pressure on police departments for personnel changes—cops are deterred by threat of losing their job

Rosario 16
Ruben Rosario. When Cops kill, civil lawsuits are often a way justice is served. Twin Cities pioneer press. From smoking crack in a Harlem drug den for a front-page exposé to covering the deaths of 86 people in a Bronx social club fire, Rubén Rosario spent 11 years as a writer for the New York Daily News before joining the Pioneer Press in 1991 as special correspondent and city editor. He launched his award-winning column in 1997. He is by far the loudest writer in the newsroom over the phone. July 16, 2016. http://www.twincities.com/2016/07/16/rosario-when-cops-kill-civil-lawsuits-often-are-way-justice-is-served/.**
"Civil suits can do a number of things to help achieve justice: secure
AND
and the department will need to find alternative coverage or cease to exist.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 2 | Opponent: George Washington CO CB | Judge: Elysia Segal
Part 1- Framework (2:30)

The Role of the Ballot is to resist structures of capitalism.

The goal of critical pedagogy must be to criticize the material conditions of capitalism.
McLAREN 5
Peter, Professor at the Graduate School of Education at UCLA, Teaching against global capitalism and the new imperialism: a critical pedagogy, pg. 6-11, 2005)
As U.S. imperialism sinks its claws deeper into the rich oil fields
AND
means of challenging current social relations of production and incarnations of imperialism worldwide.

Ethics must be universalizable, but that creates a contradiction within a classed-biased society, giving an ethical obligation to resist capitalism- this means the 1AC precludes
LLORENTE 03  
Renzo Llorente. “Maurice Cornforth’s Contribution to Marxist Metaethics.” NATURE, SOCIETY, AND THOUGHT Vol. 16, No. 3 (2003).http://homepages.spa.umn.edu/~marquit/nst163a.pdf’

Let me begin with what is undoubtedly the central feature of Cornforth’s critique of
AND
possess the economic and political resources to ensure that their interests prevail.13

Everyday violence must be prioritized – it is the largest proximate cause of war, creates priming that psychologically structures the worst atrocities
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ‘4(Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) VV

This large and at first sight “messy” Part VII is central to
AND
including the house gun and gated communities; and reversed feelings of victimization).

Part 2- Harms(1:30)

The Nuclear industry makes revolting extremely hard and dangerous and causes the workers to suffer- the only way to end the silent suffering of the working class is to end nuclear power all together.
Spence 82, Martin. "Nuclear Capital." Review of African Political Economy (1982): n. pag. Web. http://cnc.sagepub.com/content/6/1/5.full.pdf.VV
There is a real dilemma posed here for socialists. The class struggle is rooted
AND
possibility of workers' control of the energy industry - or we renounce nuclear power 

Nuclear Colonialism forced on to indigenous peoples by the nuclear industry resulting in rhetorical and physical violence
Endres 9, Danielle(2009)'The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments inthe Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision',Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies,6:1,39 VV
Nuclear weapons and nuclear power have devastating consequences for local populations surrounding the sites of
AND
of indigenous nationhood and the public’s benign neglect of indigenous lands and peoples. 

Part 3- Offense(2:30)

I contend that all countries ought to prohibit nuclear power and shut down all existing nuclear reactors
Robinson 11, Sadie. "Nuclear Plants Are Never Safe: Shut Them All down."Socialist Worker. Larkham Printers and Publishers Ltd, 11 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Aug. 2016. https://socialistworker.co.uk/art/23752/Nuclear+plants+are+never+safe3A+Shut+them+all+down. WSM
Explosions at its Fukushima nuclear plant, after an earthquake and tsunami, have released
AND
power. We should demand that every nuclear plant is shut down now.

Adv 1- Saving the Workers

Nuclear Energy is necessary for a capitalist system, ending such power would be a step in breaking the system down
Gegen Standpunkt No Date. "Nuclear Energy as a Weapon in the Imperialist Competition between States." Nuclear Energy as a Weapon in the Imperialist Competition between States. GegenStandpunkt, no date. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://www.ruthlesscriticism.com/nuclearenergy.htm. VV
In other words, an industrial nuclear supply of energy is about providing sufficient energy
AND
of economic growth – even if this entails environmental pollution and radioactive contamination.

The Anti- Nuclear Movement is key to other anti capitalist movements
Spence 82, Martin. "Nuclear Capital." Review of African Political Economy (1982): n. pag. Web. http://cnc.sagepub.com/content/6/1/5.full.pdf. VV
To sum up, the class struggle has taken a new twist . Capitalist development
AND
non- nuclear energy programme, must form part of that wider campaign . 

Adv 2- Indigenous People (1:30)

The Nuclear industry with their capitalistic greed engages in resource colonialism- subjecting the indigenous populations to loss of their land
Endres 9, Danielle(2009)'The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments inthe Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision',Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies,6:1,39 VV
The present form of colonialism in the US is what Al Gedicks has called resource
AND
techno political success.’’ Nuclear colonialism is a tale of resource colonialism. 

The Capitalist system ensures that natives have to accept waste to escape economic death- resulting in cultural genocide
Edwards 11 (Nelta Edwards, PhD in sociology, works with Department of Sociology, University of Alaska Anchorage, 11.2.11, Environmental Justice, Vol. 4, No. 2, “Nuclear Colonialism and the Social Construction of Landscape in Alaska,” http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/env.2010.0023) VV

It is important to examine the justifications and ramifications surrounding the choice of particular
AND
in ways that jeopardize the cultural viability of native people and their cultures.

Part 3- Underview (55)

1. The academic focus of traditional economists prevents them from seeing reality and forces them to contribute to the production of belief in a neoliberal utopia- Reject their economics based stats, they will always be skewed cause of the system
   BOURDIEU 98
   Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist. “The essence of neoliberalism” December 1998. http://mondediplo.com/1998/12/08bourdieu.
   Economists may not necessarily share the economic and social interests of the true believers and
   AND
   logical like certain forms of insanity) to which they consecrate their lives. 

Please read the coal DA- No shift to coal – it’s phasing out and will be non-existent in the next two decades
Worldwatch 13 (The Worldwatch Institute works to accelerate the transition to a sustainable world that meets human needs; “Clean Energy Poised to Phase Out Coal and Avert Catastrophic Climate Change”; 2013;http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5948; DT)
Washington, D.C.- New technologies will permit rapid decarbonization of the world
AND
percent or more, with the investment paid for via lower energy bills.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Bronx ZP | Judge: Radcliff
Part 1- Framing (1:40)
The Standard is Maximizing Expected well being

1. Extinction scenarios key to genuine power resistance- working within the system is key.
   back leads to
   AND
   where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.

2. Non ideal theory good
Mills 05 Charles W. Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2005
I suggest that this spontaneous reaction, far from being philosophically naïve or jejune
AND
that the ideal-as-idealized-model will never be achieved.

3. Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework.
BOSTROM 11 (2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggests an alternative, complementary way of
AND
of value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe.    

4. No intent foresight or act omission distinction:

1. The choice to omit constitutes an act in itself since when we intend an act we also must intend not to do anything else
   2. Willing foreseen effects are necessary to will the end as a whole,
   AND
   - Government action has to be held accountable for populations, omissions are illegitimate

Fifth, Revisionary Intuitionism is true and leads to util
YUDKOWSKY 08
Eliezer Yudkowsky (research fellow of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute; he also writes Harry Potter fan fiction). “The ‘Intuitions’ Behind ‘Utilitarianism.’” 28 January 2008. LessWrong. http://lesswrong.com/lw/n9/the_intuitions_behind_utilitarianism/
I haven't said much about metaethics - the nature of morality - because that has
AND
, because there are not many utilitarians, and many things left undone.

6. Pain provides an objective for why oppression is bad.
- anything else is abstraction and can’t be used to convince people for ethics
Gray 09 Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)
If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also
AND
attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section.

7. Humanity has a right to exist— anything else excludes infinite future generations which outweighs their impacts on scope- the 1AC’s discussion is uniquely important
Cerutti 14 Furio, Professor of Political Philosophy emeritus at the University of Florence and Adjunct Professor at the Scuola superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa. In the last fifteen years, Cerutti has been a Visiting Professor at Harvard, the University de Paris 8, the Humboldt University ¨at zu Berlin, the London School of Economics and Political Science,(China Foreign Affairs University), Beijing, and Stanford University in Florence. Beyond the publications quoted in this article, Cerutti has written widely on the political identity of the Europeans and the legitimacy of the European Union (last publication: Debating Political Identity and Legitimacy in the European Union, ed. with S. Lucarelli and V. Schmidt, Routledge: London 2011), “Humankind’s First Fundamental Right: Survival,” Constellations, 2014
I have explained elsewhere9 why survival rather than justice is the leading category of a
AND
everybody, not just to the practitioners of academic philosophy Schulphilosophie.

Part 2- Squo (0:30)

Civil reactors are Empirically used in weapons research and production in many countries including India and Pakistan- the link cant be ignored
Green 15
“The myth of the peaceful atom - debunking the misinformation peddled by the nuclear industry and its supporters” Jim Green, Nuclear Monitor #804, 28 May 2015, Green is a regular media commentator on nuclear waste issues. He has an honours degree in public health from the University of Wollongong and was awarded a PhD in science and technology studies for his analysis of the Lucas Heights research reactor debates VV
Ostensibly civil nuclear materials and facilities can be used in support of nuclear weapons programs
AND
with a nuclear weapons capability". (AAP, October 16, 2006.) 

Part 3- The Plan (:20)

Plan Text: The Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power through decommissioning all existing reactors
Surjeet 4 Harkishan Singh. "  People's Democracy." Indo-Pak Take Some Strides Ahead. N.p., 3 Oct. 2004. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2004/1003/10032004_surjeet.htm. Musharraf was a former 4- star general and president of Pakistan. Surjeet was an indian Politian from the 50s and was head of the Indian communist party. VV
YET another important issue is that of Indian and Pakistani nukes, and so far
AND
countries decide to steer clear of the imperialist doctrine of a “nuclear umbrella

Decommissioning will be issued through four steps
Schmittem 16 Schmittem, Marc (Analyst for EU-Japan Energy Cooperation ). “Nuclear Decomissioning in Japan- Opportunities for European Companies”. EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation. Tokyo, March 2016. http://www.eu-japan.eu/sites/default/files/publications/docs/2016-03-nuclear-decommissioning-japan-schmittem-min_0.pdf NB
Decommissioning is the responsibility of the operator of a nuclear facility. The NRA defines
AND
is not yet known if this strategy will be economically and politically feasible.

Adv- The Winter (2:00)

Pakistan is churning out Nuclear warheads due to its fear of India- Border War goes Nuclear and increases the risk of nuclear terrorism results in extinction
Hundley 12
Tom Hundley, 9-5-2012, "Pakistan and India: Race to the End," Pulitzer Center, http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/pakistan-nuclear-weapons-battlefield-india-arms-race- energy-cold-war. Tom graduated from Georgetown University and holds a master’s degree in international relations from the University of Pennsylvania. He was also National Endowment for the Humanities journalism fellow at the University of Michigan. He has taught at the American University in Dubai and at Dominican University in River Forest, Illinois. He has also been a Middle East correspondent for GlobalPost and a contributing writer for the Chicago News Cooperative. VV
Pakistan, with an estimated 90 to 120 warheads, is now believed to be
AND
territory creates the kind of atmosphere that greatly shortens the distance to apocalypse." 

Adv – Indochina Relations (2:00)

China is helping Pakistan with nuclear power as a way to offset india and one up Pakistan in the Nuclear rivalry right now
TIE 16 "China’s Supply of Nuclear Weapons to Pakistan Pose Threat to US, India, Obama Administration Warned." The Indian Express. N.p., 25 May 2016. Web. 31 Aug. 2016. http://indianexpress.com/article/world/world-news/chinas-supply-of-nuclear-weapons-to-pakistan-pose-threat-to-us-india-obama-administration-warned-2817925/. VV
This matter is being viewed seriously by the U.S. Congress, as
AND
the Democratic candidates, with each side seeking answers from the Obama administration.

India- China Relations are deteriorating - the main reason is supply of nuclear technology to Pakistan, adds to arms race- can go nuclear, A ban would avoid this altogether  
Menon 13, Raja. "Not the Border, nor the Ocean - Indian Express." Not the Border, nor the Ocean - Indian Express. N.p., 12 Apr. 2013. Web. 31 Aug. 2016. http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/not-the-border-nor-the-ocean/1101073/3. The writer, a former rear admiral in the navy, is author of ‘A Nuclear Strategy for India’. VV
For India-China ties, China's nuclear assistance to Pakistan is the real problem
AND
China is alarming, but enough strategic options exist to confront the Chinese.

This turns to war-China and India are armed with nuclear weapons and are easily pushed over the brink
Malik 12 (Malik, Mohan. Professor at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. “China and India Today: Diplomats Jostle, Militaries Prepare”. World Affairs Journal. July/August 2012. http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/china-and-india-today-diplomats-jostle-militaries-prepare)
Just as the Indian subcontinental plate has a tendency to constantly rub and push against
AND
great power, but these are perceived as challenging and threatening in China.

India – China relations key to Asia stability – the only way we don’t go to war
Madan 13 Tanvi. "India’s Relations with China: The Good, the Bad and the (Potentially) Ugly." Brookings. N.p., 8 Oct. 2013. Web. 31 Aug. 2016. https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/indias-relations-with-china-the-good-the-bad-and-the-potentially-ugly/. VV
The governments of both countries have reasons for wanting stable ties: the desire for
AND
relations on its southern and southwestern flank would also help the Chinese leadership.

Part 4- Underview
Changes every round

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 4 | Opponent: Millburn AW | Judge: Neal Kapoor
1AC-Bronx

Presumption

1 Interpretation: On the 2016-17 Sep-Oct LD topic, the negative may not contest the aff’s ethical standard, and must link all offense back to the AFFs consequestlist ethical framework

Violation- This is preemptive- Anything such as skep, util auto negates, util triggers presumption, permissibility, nc with framework or AFC bad, violates, death bad, or recontextualizations that appeal to external ethical theories violate. A recontextualization of framework would appeal to other ethical theories to weigh offense or argue for a different version of util violates AFC such as death good. 

Standards

1. Clash- 

Topical Clash o/w Phil Clash-

A. Applied ethics is the only way ethics in this topic is used
Parkins 11  Parkins, John Russell, and Randolph Haluza-DeLay. Social and ethical considerations of nuclear power development. University of Alberta, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Rural Economy, 2011.
A new urgency is emerging around nuclear power development around the world, and this
AND
way of understanding the social dimensions of nuclear power within any given context.

B. Timeframe-
C. Debate’s strategic incentives bastardize phil debate
Nebel et Al 13 Teaching Philosophy 36:3, September 2013 271 Teaching Philosophy through Lincoln-Douglas Debate JACOB NEBEL Wolfson College, Oxford University RYAN W. DAVIS Harvard University PETER VAN ELSWYK Rutgers University BEN HOLGUIN New York University
Another cause of poorly justified relativism and skepticism in LD debate comes from judge expectations
AND
inclined to accept a controversial philosophical view about morality for the wrong reasons.

D. Phil debate creates unrealistic phil decisions
Nebel et Al 13 Teaching Philosophy 36:3, September 2013 271 Teaching Philosophy through Lincoln-Douglas Debate JACOB NEBEL Wolfson College, Oxford University RYAN W. DAVIS Harvard University PETER VAN ELSWYK Rutgers University BEN HOLGUIN New York University
The LD debate community is on the hyper-methodist end of the spectrum.
AND
Holocaust wasn’t morally wrong if the debater in question is defending moral nihilism.

E. Comparitive ethics debates are useless

Education is a voter because it’s the reason schools fund debate and it’s the only portable impact

2. Strat Skew

A. 1AC speaks in the dark but the neg adapts. B. Reactive rebuttal
C. Topic Side Bias-
D. Ground-

AFC solves- 

Fairness is a voter
Drop the Debater:
Competing Interps
Thus the standard is maximizing Pleasure- This is a Util Standard

Part 2 Squo

Civil reactors are Empirically used in weapons research and production in many countries including India and Pakistan- the link cant be ignored
Green 15
“The myth of the peaceful atom - debunking the misinformation peddled by the nuclear industry and its supporters” Jim Green, Nuclear Monitor #804, 28 May 2015, Green is a regular media commentator on nuclear waste issues. He has an honours degree in public health from the University of Wollongong and was awarded a PhD in science and technology studies for his analysis of the Lucas Heights research reactor debates VV
Ostensibly civil nuclear materials and facilities can be used in support of nuclear weapons programs
AND
with a nuclear weapons capability". (AAP, October 16, 2006.) 

Part 3- The Plan (:20)

Plan Text: The parliament of the Republic of India and the parliament of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power through decommissioning all existing reactors
Surjeet 4 Harkishan Singh. "  People's Democracy." Indo-Pak Take Some Strides Ahead. N.p., 3 Oct. 2004. Web. 25 Aug. 2016. http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2004/1003/10032004_surjeet.htm. Musharraf was a former 4- star general and president of Pakistan. Surjeet was an indian Politian from the 50s and was head of the Indian communist party. VV
YET another important issue is that of Indian and Pakistani nukes, and so far
AND
countries decide to steer clear of the imperialist doctrine of a “nuclear umbrella

Decommissioning will be issued through four steps
Schmittem 16 Schmittem, Marc (Analyst for EU-Japan Energy Cooperation ). “Nuclear Decomissioning in Japan- Opportunities for European Companies”. EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation. Tokyo, March 2016. http://www.eu-japan.eu/sites/default/files/publications/docs/2016-03-nuclear-decommissioning-japan-schmittem-min_0.pdf NB
Decommissioning is the responsibility of the operator of a nuclear facility. The NRA defines
AND
is not yet known if this strategy will be economically and politically feasible.

Adv- The Winter (2:00)

Pakistan is churning out Nuclear warheads due to its fear of India- Border War goes Nuclear and results in nuclear terrorism and causes extinction
Hundley 12
Tom Hundley, 9-5-2012, "Pakistan and India: Race to the End," Pulitzer Center, http://pulitzercenter.org/reporting/pakistan-nuclear-weapons-battlefield-india-arms-race- energy-cold-war. Tom graduated from Georgetown University and holds a master’s degree in international relations from the University of Pennsylvania. He was also National Endowment for the Humanities journalism fellow at the University of Michigan. He has taught at the American University in Dubai and at Dominican University in River Forest, Illinois. He has also been a Middle East correspondent for GlobalPost and a contributing writer for the Chicago News Cooperative. VV
Pakistan, with an estimated 90 to 120 warheads, is now believed to be
AND
territory creates the kind of atmosphere that greatly shortens the distance to apocalypse." 

Indo-Pak nuclear conflict expands and causes global devastation and nuclear winter- extinction
Robock 12Robock, environmental sciences prof @ Rutgers, 12
Robock, Alan, and Owen B. Toon. "Self-Assured Destruction: The Climate Impacts of Nuclear War." Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 68.5 (2012): 66-74. Rutgers.edu. DOI: 10.1177/0096340212459127 Sage Pub. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. Alan Robock is an American climatologist. He is currently Professor II in the Department of Environmental Sciences at Rutgers University VV
A nuclear war between Russia and the United States, even after the arsenal reductions
AND
regional conflict has the potential to cause mass starvation worldwide through environmental effects. 

UV

1. AFF gets RVIs 

2. Evaluate the debate through comparative worlds—we should compare a world where we ban Nucealr power in India and Pakistan vs the squo or a CP

Truth testing kills fairness and real-world education. WE need a Post fiat advocacy .
Nelson 8
Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008.
And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof
AND
know how the various options affect us and the world we live in.