Tournament: Byram | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Iran Full Ban 1AC

Framing

Non ideal theory good

Mills 05
Charles W. Mills, “Ideal Theory” as Ideology, 2005
I suggest that this spontaneous reaction, far from being philosophically naïve or jejune
AND
that the ideal-as-idealized-model will never be achieved.

Pain provides an objective for why oppression is bad.  Thus the standard is maximizing expected well-being.

Gray 09
Gray, James W. "An Argument for Moral Realism." Ethical Realism. N.p., 07 Oct. 2009. Web. 04 Sept. 2015. https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/an-argument-for-moral-realism/. MA in philosophy from San Jose State University (2008)
If we have evidence that anything in particular has intrinsic value, then we also
AND
attempt to show that the alternatives are less justified in the next section.

Extinction scenarios are key to genuine resistance to power- the state is inevitable but images of apocalypse are a useful tool for resisting dominant power structures. 

Schatz 12
JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-­‐Of-­‐ The-­‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012) KB
Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
AND
where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.

Humanity has a right to exist— anything else excludes infinite future generations which outweighs their impacts on scope- the 1AC’s discussion is uniquely important 

Cerutti 14
Furio, Professor of Political Philosophy emeritus at the University of Florence and Adjunct Professor at the Scuola superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa. In the last fifteen years, Cerutti has been aVisiting Professor at Harvard, the Universit´e de Paris 8, the Humboldt Universit ¨at zu Berlin, the London School of Economics and Political Science,(China Foreign Affairs University), Beijing, and Stanford University in Florence. Beyond the publications quoted in this article, Cerutti has written widely on the political identity of the Europeans and the legitimacy of the European Union (last publication: Debating Political Identity and Legitimacy in the European Union, ed. with S. Lucarelli and V. Schmidt, Routledge: London 2011), “Humankind’s First Fundamental Right: Survival,” Constellations, 2014
I have explained elsewhere9 why survival rather than justice is the leading category of a
AND
everybody, not just to the practitioners of academic philosophy Schulphilosophie.

Plan

Plan Text: Resolved- The federal government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power

That causes shift to renewables and solves regional stability—current nuclear program is comparatively worse than alternatives. 

Lovins 15 (#1)
Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. RW.
The tense standoff and emerging potential shift in America’s vexed relationship with Iran creates a
AND
To explore this thesis, we need to start with a little history.

The current nuclear program is weak and unreliable. 

Lovins 15 (#2)
Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. RW.
Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. VR
In striking contrast
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 were cheaply done abroad.

Adv 1: Middle East Proliferation

Squo

Iran is dangerously close to building a nuclear bomb in the status quo.

Rubin 16
Jennifer Rubin, Writer for Washington Post 7-19-2015, "By 2016, Iran could be back building a nuke," https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2015/07/19/by-2016-iran-could-be-back-building-a-nuke/?utm_term=.2df33f746c82
To repeat: What was supposed to be a phased withdrawal of the sanctions so
AND
This is only one reason the deal must be thwarted before it begins.

The plan solves because a complete halt of nuclear power is key to preventing nuclear weapons capability.

Lovins 15 (#3)
Amory B. Lovins, 1-17-2010, “Proliferation, oil, and climate: solving for pattern,” FOREIGN POLICY, http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2010-02_ProliferationOilClimatePatternVR
We can have proliferation with nuclear power, via either end of any fuel cycle
AND
nuclear power is both a necessary and a nearly sufficient condition for nonproliferation.

Impacts

The Iranian nuclear program causes Middle East nuke weapon proliferation – regardless of whether the bomb exists.

Maloney 15 (#1)
Suzanne Maloney, 8-5-2015, "U.S. policy toward the Middle East after the Iranian nuclear agreement," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/u-s-policy-toward-the-middle-east-after-the-iranian-nuclear-agreement/VR
That said, the Saudis may react in other ways. First, we should
AND
if they do not force Iran to live up to its new commitment.

Iranian breakout capability leads to Middle East instability and war.

Maloney 15 (#2)
Suzanne Maloney, 8-5-2015, "U.S. policy toward the Middle East after the Iranian nuclear agreement," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/u-s-policy-toward-the-middle-east-after-the-iranian-nuclear-agreement/VR
Especially in light of these assessments of likely Iranian and Israeli behavior after the nuclear
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pursue policies that could lead to untold and possibly dramatic consequences.”6

Middle East war goes nuclear. 

Goldberg 12
Jeffrey Goldberg, 1-24-2012, "How a Nuclear War Would Start in the Middle East," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/how-a-nuclear-war-would-start-in-the-middle-east/251915/VR
But the mullahs are also men interested in keeping hold of temporal power, and
AND
nuclear weapon could be delivered by sea or land, not by air. 

Underview

Neg must defend a competitive post-fiat advocacy. Anything else means they moot the 1AC by up-layering, giving them a 13-7 time advantage that makes it impossible to affirm. My interp also preserves clash by forcing them to answer the aff, which ensures topic education. The resolution is a question of comparative worlds.

NELSON 08
Nelson, Adam F. 2008. Towards A Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate.
And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof
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much smaller range of options: advocacy of the resolution as a whole.

OED defines ought as “Used to indicated a desirable of expected state” Textuality is a jurisdictional issue that forms the basis of preround prep and reframes what it means to negate a statement

Aff gets RVIs. Prefer because

A) Time skew – the 2AR doesn’t have enough time to cover both theory and substance since the 2NR is twice as long so I have half the offense at the end of the debate – I should be able to collapse to the highest layer.

B) The 1AR is too short to read theory especially if I have to cover his shell – I need an RVI for theory to be reciprocal, which is key to equal access to the ballot.

The framework and paradigm for the round must conform to the aff. A change after the 1AC results in the neg dodging 6 minutes of offense. This creates a 13-7 difference in argument time and allows the neg to avoid clash with 1AC arguments, thereby harming fairness and education.

Abstract questioning is useless - debate should seek to design concrete alternatives.
Bryant 12 (EDITED FOR GENDERED LANGUAGE – the author said “she” and it was replaced with the word “to” – Levi Bryant is currently a Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. In addition to working as a professor, Bryant has also served as a Lacanian psychoanalyst. He received his Ph.D. from Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois, where he originally studied 'disclosedness' with the Heidegger scholar Thomas Sheehan. Bryant later changed his dissertation topic to the transcendental empiricism of Gilles Deleuze,  “Critique of the Academic Left”, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
I must be in a mood today– half irritated, half amused –because
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things contain dirty secrets, ugly motives, and are doomed to fail.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Iran AC Bronx 

ROB

The role of the ballot is vote for the debater whos governmental policy option has the most ethically desirable, simulated consequences. Prefer because,

1. Simulating policymaking is key to causing change. We need to be able to speak the language of power.

Coverstone 5
Alan Coverstone- masters in communication from Wake Forest University and longtime debate coach. “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact,” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference, www.ibrarian.net/navon/paper/Acting_on_Activism_1.pdf?paperid=11704249
Control of the US government is exactly what an active, participatory citizenry is supposed
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that is a fundamental cause of voter and participatory abstention in America today.

2.  The negative must defend a competitive governmental policy option or the status quo.

A. Strat skew. Anything else moots 6 minutes of 1AC offense, which means they get a 13-7 time advantage making it impossible for the aff to win. That’s a form of structural abuse, which destroys 100 of fairness.

B. Clash. Shifting out of comparative worlds makes meaningful clash impossible since they don’t have to respond to any of the 1AC. 

C.  Asymmetrical prep. The aff is forced to take a stance on lots of issues that can have representational implications. That means they can prep out any single one and win which makes the aff burden impossible and means aff loses every round. Only hold me accountable to the effects of the plan.

D. A 1AR restart kills education and clash since we don’t get enough time to talk about the issues that results in bad discussion.

Prefer fairness because debate is a game requires equitable access to the ballot, prefer education because it’s the purpose of the activity, and prefer clash because without it debate’s value is non-unique since we’re just yelling past each other. These are all voters.
.

Debate should design concrete material alternatives – no reps or conceptual focus.

Bryant 12
Levi Bryant-Professor of Philosophy at Collin College. 2012, “A Critique of the Academic Left,” N.p, https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/
Unfortunatly, the academic left falls prey to its own form of abstraction.  It’s
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of shelters, the distribution of medicines, etc., etc., etc.

Framework

The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing. Prefer because,

1. Ethical frameworks must be theoretically justified because 

A. Even if a framework is substantively good- if it’s not fair then the discussion we have is meaningless. 

The Standards: 

A. Ground. Util includes the most types of impacts, which means the least ground loss. Other frameworks skew ground. Ground key to fairness since I can’t win if I can’t make arguments.

B. Topic Lit. Most articles about nuclear power are written through the lens of util since they are written for policymakers, not philosophers.

Parkins 11
Parkins, John Russell, and Randolph Haluza-DeLay (Parkings is a researcher at the University of Alberta on energy and society; energy transition; food security; sustainable agriculture; social impact assessment; natural resource management, Randolph is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Kings College), 2011, ”Social and ethical considerations of nuclear power development,” University of Alberta, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Department of Rural Economy, http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/103237/2/StaffPaper11-01.pdf
A new urgency is emerging around nuclear power development around the world, and this
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way of understanding the social dimensions of nuclear power within any given context.

 Topic lit controls internal link to fairness and education since we do research in the lit and it determines how we can make arguments.

2. Is phenomenal introspection

A. There is widespread moral disagreement; we need a reliable method to determine beliefs.

Sinhababu
Neil Sinhababu-Associate Professor of Philosophy at National University of Singapore. N.d, “The epistemic argument for hedonism,” Philpapers, http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3.pdfVR
Human history offers similarly striking examples of disagreement on a variety of topics. These
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The rest of this paper discusses the only reliable process I know of.

B. Phenomenal introspection is reliable and leads to util.

Sinhababu
Neil Sinhababu-Associate Professor of Philosophy at National University of Singapore. N.d, “The epistemic argument for hedonism,” Philpapers, http://philpapers.org/archive/SINTEA-3.pdfVR
Phenomenal introspection, a reliable way of forming true beliefs about our experiences, produces
AND
favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism.

3. Only naturalism is epistemically accessible. 

Papineau 07
David Papineau- Professor of Philosophy of Science at King's College London, “Naturalism,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007
Moore took this argument to show that moral facts comprise a distinct species of non
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it is hard to see how we can have any knowledge of them.

This also implies that all a priori facts devolve into empirical facts because

A) Collapses- Abstract ideas that we can undergo through reasoning can only be explained by simpler empirical actions, all perceptions are derived from experiences.

B) Agency- Agents can only ever recognize these abstract a priori normative facts if they are knowable to them via empirical sensations that they undergo.

Images of the apocalypse are key to genuine power resistance.

Schatz 12
JL, Binghamton U, "The Importance of Apocalypse: The Value of End-­‐Of-­‐ The-­‐World Politics While Advancing Ecocriticism," The Journal of Ecocriticism: Vol 4, No 2 (2012) KB
Any hesitancy to deploy images of apocalypse out of the risk of acting in a
AND
where multitudes, and not governments, guide the fate of the planet.

Current analytic and critical philosophy doesn’t consider the future of the human race- that poses an ethical problem.

Cerutti 14
Furio, Professor of Political Philosophy emeritus at the University of Florence and Adjunct Professor at the Scuola superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa. In the last fifteen years, Cerutti has been aVisiting Professor at Harvard, the Universit´e de Paris 8, the Humboldt Universit ¨at zu Berlin, the London School of Economics and Political Science,(China Foreign Affairs University), Beijing, and Stanford University in Florence. Beyond the publications quoted in this article, Cerutti has written widely on the political identity of the Europeans and the legitimacy of the European Union (last publication: Debating Political Identity and Legitimacy in the European Union, ed. with S. Lucarelli and V. Schmidt, Routledge: London 2011), “Humankind’s First Fundamental Right: Survival,” Constellations, 2014
I have explained elsewhere9 why survival rather than justice is the leading category of a
AND
everybody, not just to the practitioners of academic philosophy Schulphilosophie.

Plan

Plan Text: Resolved- The federal government of the Islamic Republic of Iran ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power

That causes shift to renewables and solves regional stability—current nuclear program is comparatively worse than alternatives. 

Lovins 15 (#1)
Amory B. Lovins- an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. RW.
The tense standoff and emerging potential shift in America’s vexed relationship with Iran creates a
AND
To explore this thesis, we need to start with a little history.

The current nuclear program is weak and unreliable. 

Lovins 15 (#2)
Amory B. Lovins an American physicist, environmental scientist, writer, and Chairman/Chief Scientist of the Rocky Mountain Institute. He has worked in the field of energy policy and related areas for four decades. 27 August 2015, updated 29 September 2015. Iran’s Invisible Opportunity for Energy and Security: Modern energy investments could sideline nuclear ambiguity. VR
In striking contrast, Iran’s nuclear power faces severe headwinds. Its tangled history has
AND
energy-strategy rationale even if all their enrichment were cheaply done abroad.

Adv:  Middle East Proliferation (2:37 – slow)

Squo

Iran is on a trajectory towards building nukes.

Himelfarb 15
Joel Himelfarb. “Obama administration admits Iran still pursuing nuclear program. News Max. January 28, 2015. http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/iran-nuclear-weapons-work/2015/01/28/id/621313/.RW
"There is no question that, as Deputy Secretary Blinken said, the Iranians
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Terrorism and Financial Intelligence David Cohen agreed with Blinken, the Free Beacon reports

The current deal allows massive circumvention—only decommissioning solves 

Dodge 15:
Michaela Dodge. Michaela Dodge specializes in missile defense, nuclear weapons modernization and arms control as policy analyst for defense and strategic policy in The Heritage Foundation’s Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies. August 14, 2015. The Daily Signal. http://dailysignal.com/2015/08/14/yes-iran-can-hide-nuclear-material-in-24-days-iran-deals-details-show-fatal-flaws/. RW
But many things have to happen before the 24 days clock starts ticking. Iran
AND
The more Americans learn about the deal, the cleared the fact becomes.

The plan solves because a complete halt of nuclear power is key to preventing nuclear weapons capability.

Lovins 15 (#3)
Amory B. Lovins, 1-17-2010, “Proliferation, oil, and climate: solving for pattern,” FOREIGN POLICY, http://www.rmi.org/Knowledge-Center/Library/2010-02_ProliferationOilClimatePatternVR
We can have proliferation with nuclear power, via either end of any fuel cycle
AND
nuclear power is both a necessary and a nearly sufficient condition for nonproliferation.

Impacts

The current deal destabilizes the region- leads to nuclear Saudi war.

Maloney 15
Suzanne Maloney, 8-5-2015, "U.S. policy toward the Middle East after the Iranian nuclear agreement," Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/testimonies/u-s-policy-toward-the-middle-east-after-the-iranian-nuclear-agreement/VR
Especially in light of these assessments of likely Iranian and Israeli behavior after the nuclear
AND
reassure the Gulf states and deter Iran, things could get very ugly.

A nuclear capable Iran would cause Iran-Israeli war and increased terror, regardless of intentions.

Hooper and Borghard 13
Mira Rapp-Hooper and Erica D. Borghard, 8-1-13, "Hezbollah and the Iranian Nuclear Program," Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, http://www.cfr.org/iran/hezbollah-iranian-nuclear-program/p31779(Both have PhD in Political Science from Columbia University)VR
It is important to determine the explicit responsibilities Iran would have to Hizbullah, and
AND
stemming from uncertainty on all sides about the robustness of Iran’s commitment to Hizbullah

Iran-Israeli war goes global – turns into WWIII.

Ivashov 7
General Leonid Ivashov  vice-president of the Academy on geopolitical affairs. He was the chief of the department for General affairs in the Soviet Union’s ministry of Defense, secretary of the Council of defense ministers of the Community of independant states (CIS), chief of the Military cooperation department at the Russian federation’s Ministry of defense and Joint chief of staff of the Russian armies. “Iran: the Threat of a Nuclear War” Global Research April 9, 2007. http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=5309RW
What might cause the force major event of the required scale? Everything seems to
AND
that this clash will be in all respects much more nightmarish than WWII.

Middle East war goes nuclear. 

Goldberg 12
Jeffrey Goldberg, 1-24-2012, "How a Nuclear War Would Start in the Middle East," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/how-a-nuclear-war-would-start-in-the-middle-east/251915/VR
But the mullahs are also men interested in keeping hold of temporal power, and
AND
nuclear weapon could be delivered by sea or land, not by air. 

Underview

Truth testing makes affirming impossible because it allows the neg to have a near infinite amount of NIBS since they can prove morality is false or inaccessible. Also takes out textuality standards on T since they presume my burden is to prove the res is true.

Aff gets 1AR theory- key to check neg abuse. 1AR is drop the debater because it’s too late to rectify abuse and restart in the 1AR.

Fairness is a gateway to engaging in kritikal issues – turns Ks.

Galloway 07
Ryan Galloway- Professor of communication studies at Samford University.” DINNER AND CONVERSATION AT THE ARGUMENTATIVE TABLE: RECONCEPTUALIZING DEBATE AS AN ARGUMENTATIVE DIALOGUE,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debate The Journal of the Cross Examination Debate Association Volume 28 2007, http://www.cedadebate.org/files/2007CAD.pdf
Debate as a dialogue sets an argumentative table, where all parties receive a relatively
AND
1985, p. 114). Hugh Duncan furthers this line of reasoning:

More reasons to prefer comparative worlds:

1. Textuality.
   A. OED  defines ought as “Used to indicated a desirable or expected state” hijacks what it means to negate a statement- grammar context proves
   Oxford Dictionary “ought, ought not” Oxford American Large Print Dictionary 2008 Oxford
   AND
   duty, or necessity, and use should for expressing suitability or appropriateness. 

B. The res requires existential specification
Cohen 02 Cohen 2002ARIEL COHEN AND NOMI ERTESCHIK-SHIR  “TOPIC, FOCUS, AND THE INTERPRETATION OF BARE PLURALS*” http://amor.cms.hu-berlin.de/~h2816i3x/Lehre/2006_HS_Quantifikation/Quantifikation_HS_Texte/CohenShirBarePlurals.pdf CB
In this paper we show that focus structure determines the interpretation of bare plurals in
AND
activity verbs, where an existential closure operator quantifies over the event variable.

2. Reciprocity.
A. Risk analysis as a tie breaker on permissibility debates- there’s a risk of an ethical reason to prefer a world
B. Prevents the aff from to prove infinite truth while the neg only has
AND
isn’t sufficient to beat uplayering – we should be able to leverage the aff

3. Resolvability.  Absolute Big T truths can’t exist because truths are constructed- particularity is the best standard – otherwise offense isn’t comparative so we don’t know who to vote for

Price 98

 (RICHARD PRICE is a former prof in the Department of Anthropology at Yale University. Later, he moved to Johns Hopkins University to found the Department of Anthropology, where he served three terms as chair. A decade of freelance teaching (University of Minnesota, Stanford University, Princeton University, University of Florida, Universidade Federal da Bahia), ensued. This article is co-authored with CHRISTIAN REUS-SMIT – Monash University – European Journal of International Relations Copyright © 1998 via SAGE Publications – http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/~courses/PoliticalScience/661B1/documents/PriceReusSmithCriticalInternatlTheoryConstructivism.pdf)
One of the central departures of critical international theory from
AND
critical international theory than does critical theory itself.

Aff gets RVIs.

A) Time skew – the 2AR doesn’t have enough time to cover both theory and substance since the 2NR is twice as long so I have half the offense at the end of the debate – I should be able to collapse to the highest layer.

B) The 1AR is too short to read theory especially if I have to cover his shell – I need an RVI for theory to be reciprocal, which is key to equal access to the ballot.

C) The aff is always open to theory since I have to take a stance on some interpretational issues – RVIs are key to check frivolous theory – key to a discussion of the topic which is key to education, and ensures the aff gets access to the 1AC.

D) Only the neg can read T, which potentially precludes theory and all aff offense, so I need an RVI on it to compensate for that advantage.