Tournament: NEWMANS SMITH | Round: 2 | Opponent: COLLEYVILLE HERITAGE EC | Judge: SMITH, BREANN
1NC
In order for an action to be moral, it must first be willed universally:
- An agent’s will acts on a law that it gives to itself. If pleasure were a law to you, then you would straightaway do the pleasurable act, but since you’re autonomous, you can reason about taking the action. Thus a condition of action is that the will is self-determined. KORSGAARD:
“Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant” by Christine M. Korsgaard
“It remains to show that
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of choice on which you act.” (120-123)
And, only universally willing can be self-determined. KORSGAARD 2:
“Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant” by Christine M. Korsgaard
“The second step is to see
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action of something within him.” (123-124)
And, this also proves an intent foresight distinction. Foreseen effects are independent of what an agent determines because the consequences themselves are dependent upon things external to the will so only intentions can be self determined.
2. Actions are expressions of an agent’s reasoning from their end to the means, which unifies their action into a cohesive movement as opposed to fragmented steps. ROEDL:
Sebastian Roedl. Prof. Of Philosophy, University of Leipzig. “Two Forms of Practical Knowledge and Their Unity” in Ford and Hornsby, Eds. Essays on Anscombe's Intention (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011) 239.
“We can give a more specific
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being conscious of her nexus.”
For example, the end of reaching the bakery unifies the individual actions necessary for that end, like crossing the street; otherwise the individual steps would not have any meaning. Thus, contradictory ends would never yield an action because willing A and not A would not allow you to unify the necessary steps to achieve that end. And, this also proves an intent foresight distinction. If consequences were relevant, we would have to will the possibility of contradictory ends since an action can have different and conflicting results, which wouldn't allow you to unify your will.
3. Non-contradictions are meta-constraints because a principle cannot be true and false at the same time otherwise it yields incompatible obligations, so the form of the will to abide any moral theory must first will it as universal.
Thus, the sufficient negative burden is to prove that the prohibition of the production of nuclear power cannot be willed as a universal principle.
Contention:
No empirical object is intrinsically valuable. Their value lies only in relationship to rational agency. KANT:
Immanuel Kant founder of analytic philosophy “Critique of Pure Reason” 1781
“We have therefore wanted to
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which is alone given to us.” (168)
Thus, nuclear power and reactors have no intrinsic value; rather we confer value on them by determining how they are used. So, banning the production of nuclear power violates freedom because it restricts an agent from pursuing their ends. And, this negates since you cannot universally will a violation of freedom because doing so presupposes freedom to bring about that end in the first place, which poses a contradiction in the will.
Shell – Warming DA
Nuclear empirically reduces emissions.
IEA, policy adviser to its member states, 2015
(International Energy Agency, "Technology Roadmap: Nuclear Energy", IEA Technology Roadmaps, Online: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/6115041e.pdf?expires=1473106686andid=idandaccname=guestandchecksum=F95B1340F995C5663300B5467C27A69D, Accessed August 8 – MG)
Nuclear energy currently contributes to
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most regions of the world.
Global warming definitively causes extinction
Sharp and Kennedy, Sharp is the UAE National Defense College Associate Dean for Academic Programs and College Quality Assurance Advisor. He previously served as Assistant Professor of Strategic Security Studies at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) in the U.S. National Defense University (NDU), Washington D.C. and then as Associate Professor at the Near East South Asia (NESA) Center for Strategic Studies, collocated with NDU. Most recently at NESA, he focused on security sector reform in Yemen and Lebanon, and also supported regional security engagement events into Afghanistan, Turkey, Egypt, Palestine and Qatar; Kennedy is a renewable energy and climate change specialist who has worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on carbon policy and markets, 2014
(Robert and Edward, “Climate Change and Implications for National Security,” International Policy Digest, August 22, Online: http://intpolicydigest.org/2014/08/22/climate-change-implications-national-security/, Accessed September 5 - MG)
Our planet is 4.5 billion years
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it will be hard to fix!
Renewables still need to rely on fossil fuels.
Brook et al., Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, 7109, Australia, 2014
(Barry, “Why nuclear energy is sustainable and has to be part of the energy mix”, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, November 2014, Online: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214993714000050, Accessed September 1 – MG)
Barring that obviously impossible scenario,
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will seldom achieve economic viability (Table 8).