Tournament: Newman Smith | Round: 1 | Opponent: Garland KP | Judge: Erick Berdugo

1AC Lay

Framework:

Attempting to understand beings, communities, and ethics as universal will inevitably fail:

There is no I without the other. Identity is intersubjective and constructed through social relations, which are always changing. BUTLER:

(Judith Butler. 1992. "Continent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of "Postmodernism" Feminists Theorize the Political)
"In a sense, the subject is constituted through an _{exclusion and}differentiation,
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the point in which it is claimed to be prior to politics itself." 

Second, differentiation is constitutive of any moral theory because it requires one to distinguish between the ethical and anti-ethical. Justice is found in discrimination. HÄGGLUND:

"THE NECESSITY OF DISCRIMINATION DISJOINING DERRIDA AND LEVINAS" MARTIN HÄGGLUND
"Derrida targets precisely this logic of opposition. As he argues in Of Grammatology
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is in the service of perpetrating the better." (46-48) 

====Controls the internal link to every other framework because any theory requires us to choose a conception of morality. So, other theories would have to concede exclusion of certain beliefs as a condition for their normativity in the first place. ====

3. Aiming toward consensus is a false goal because consensus is impossible, difference is inevitable and contestation is key. Dividing people up and treating them as enemies is an equally false goal because it denies that the existence of an opposing identity is what constructs yours. The only way to resolve the inevitable conflict that comes with pluralism in our agency and ethics is to embrace an agonistic commitment, which recognizes that conflict is inevitable, but frames the other as a legitimate opponent instead of an enemy because without the opponent, your identity doesn't exist. MOUFFE:

"The Democratic Paradox" by Chantal Mouffe 2000 DD
"A well-functioning democracy calls for a vibrant clash of democratic political positions
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antagonisms that can tear up the very basis of civility." (104)

Thus, the standard is promoting agonistic democracy. To clarify, the standard is concerned with the procedures of agonistic pluralism, not ends. MOUFFE 2:

(Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. "The Democratic Paradox")
"To avoid any confusion, I should specify that, contrary to some postmodern
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, while accepting them, fight for conflicting interpretations."
Prefer additionally: 

To act morally one must first know what is the right thing to do, which means any moral system has to be derivative of the procedures intrinsic to agonistic conflict:

A. If our moral belief changes after an agonistic conflict, then it shows that preserving the relationship based off of openness and disagreement is necessary to identity moral errors.

B. If my moral belief remains the same, it shows our beliefs are strong against criticism and therefore true.

Offense

Soft Power

There are two types of energy production – soft energy and hard energy. Soft energy is localized and facilitates community involvement.

Lovins, cofounder and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute; energy advisor to major firms and governments in 65+ countries for 40+ years; author of 31 books and 600 papers; and an integrative designer of superefficient buildings, factories, and vehicles, 1976
(Amory B., "Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?", Foreign Affairs, October Issue, Online: http://courses.washington.edu/pbaf595/Readings/Lovins_1976.pdf**, Accessed September 8 – MG)
There exists today a body of energy technologies that have certain specific features in common
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to end-use needs: a key feature that deserves immediate explanation.

Advocacy

Thus, I affirm that countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power as a rejection of hard power. I reserve the right to clarify.

CX checks all theory and spec interps otherwise the neg can force me into needless theory debates every round.

Contention 1: Nuclear Reactors are Centralized

The nuclear power lobby tries to disguise the facts but nuclear power's high costs require a centralized system. This is deeply rooted in a hard energy grid system where energy is produced by large, inflexible reactors.

UCS, nonprofit science advocacy organization based in the United States, 2011
(Union of Concerned Scientists, "Nuclear Power: Still Not Viable without Subsidies (2011)", Online: http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-power/cost-nuclear-power/nuclear-power-subsidies-report~~#.V9I56SgrK00http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/CO2-and-global-warming-faq.html, Accessed September 5 – MG)
These legacy subsidies are estimated to exceed seven cents per kilowatt-hour (¢/kWh
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that have declined as the aging, installed capacity base is fully written off

Nuclear reactors require centralized infrastructure from waste disposal to regulation.

====Paperiello, Regional administrator of Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2011====
(CJ, "Essential infrastructure: national nuclear regulation", Health Phys., January, Online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21399415**, Accessed September 9th – MG)
In order for nuclear power to expand to many countries that do not currently have
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material infrastructure can promote the safe and secure worldwide growth in nuclear power.

Centralization not democratic.

Lovins 2, cofounder and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute; energy advisor to major firms and governments in 65+ countries for 40+ years; author of 31 books and 600 papers; and an integrative designer of superefficient buildings, factories, and vehicles, 1976
(Amory B., "Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?", Foreign Affairs, October Issue, Online: http://courses.washington.edu/pbaf595/Readings/Lovins_1976.pdf**, Accessed September 8 – MG)
Such dirigiste autarchy is the first of many distortions of the political fabric. While
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the sector may be paramilitarized and further isolated from grass-roots politics.

Contention 2: Technocracy

The risky, esoteric, and highly technical nature of nuclear power demands elitism. A ban on nuclear reactors is the first step away from hard energy.

Lovins 3, cofounder and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute; energy advisor to major firms and governments in 65+ countries for 40+ years; author of 31 books and 600 papers; and an integrative designer of superefficient buildings, factories, and vehicles, 1976

• • (Amory B., "Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?", Foreign Affairs, October Issue, Online: http://courses.washington.edu/pbaf595/Readings/Lovins_1976.pdf**, Accessed September 8 – MG)
    Any demanding high technology tends to develop~s~ influential and dedicated constituencies of
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    both social and energy priorities in a lasting way that resists political remedy.