Tournament: any | Round: Finals | Opponent: any | Judge: any

Framework

Debate should be an academic exercise where the Affirmative plays the role of a Policymaker and the Negative negates this plan and promotes a competitive policy option. This creates a competitive space to imagine new ideas and translate them into practical suggestions—playing devil's advocate challenges the status quo and results in emancipatory change

Andrews,06 (Peter, Consulting Faculty Member at the IBM Executive Business Institute in Palisades, New York, Executive Technology Report, August, www-935.ibm.com/services/us/bcs/pdf/g510-6313-etr-unlearn-to-innovate.pdf)
High stakes innovation requires abandoning conventional wisdom, even actively unlearning things we "know
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for unexpected alternatives and find the vulnerabilities of a new idea or approach).

The standard is maximizing well being

Prefer this utilitarianism framework for 2 reasons

First, state action. Util is the only moral framework accessible to policy-makers.

Goodin 90
Robert Goodin, Professor of Government, University of Essex, Australian National Defense University, "THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE," p. 141-2, 1990.
My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is Something special about the situation
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want to use it at all – to choose general rules or conduct.

====Second, equality. Equality requires actions –only util respects human equality.====
Cummiskey 90
David Cummiskey, Department Chair of Philosophy at Bates College, Ph.D., M.A., University of Michigan; B.A., Washington College, "Kantian Consequentialism," University of Chicago, Ethics 100, Vol. 100, No. 3, pp. 586-615, April 1990.
We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice
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may never force another to bear some cost in order to benefit others.

Thus the plan text Resolved: Countries ought to prohibit the placement of nuclear sites near marginalized communities

Advantage 1: Native Reservations

The uranium mines and waste dumps placed on reservation pose several major threats to the native community

Nelkin 81 Dorothy (an American sociologist of science most noted for her work researching and chronicling the unsettled relationship between science and society at large) "Native Americans and Nuclear Power" Science, Technology, and Human Values, Vol. 6, No. 35 (Spring, 1981)  http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/689554.pdf?_=1470887278573DOA: 8.11.16

Near the village of Paguate, New Mexico
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 right after blasting and before the dust settled. 

By preventing reservation abuse we allow the indigenous people to avoid the environmental racism and health risks that come with waste dumps; empirical examples

Kamps 01 February 15, 2001, by Kevin Kamps, Nuclear Waste Specialist, Nuclear Information Resource Service, 1424 16th Street, NW, Suite 404, Washington, D.C., 20036. 202.328.0002; f: 202.462.2183; kevin@nirs.org, http://www.nirs.org// KAE bracketed for grammar

The tiny Skull Valley Band of Goshute
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the Office of the Nuclear Waste Negotiator in 1994.

We have to ensure people's health before happiness even exists. If people are dying or being poisoned/ discriminated against by their government this clearly restricts their ability to have happiness or ever truly achieve it

AND The beginning of America was the end of the sovereignty of native land. Native tribes were equated to foreigners that existed outside of their borders and forced to be assimilated to reservations

Marr 04 University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nebraska Anthropologist Anthropology, Department of 1-1-2004 NATIVE AMERICAN SURVIVAL IN A COLONIAL UNITED STATES Charles Marr  KAE
The Native peoples of North America have been persecuted by the United States government since
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and the Federal Government is wholly responsible for the destruction of these people. 

Restricting the Native People's right to sovereignty and ability to self-govern we perpetuate violence and racialized oppression

PEDJ 04 Public Eye: Defending Justice "CONSERVATIVE AGENDAS AND CAMPAIGNS CRIMINALIZING THE RESERVATION AND MOVEMENTS FOR SOVEREIGNTY" Defending Justice, 2004 http://www.publiceye.org/defendingjustice/pdfs/chapters/reservation.pdf DOA:9.1.16
Racialized oppression was not a discrete phenomenon independent of larger political and economic tendencies.
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, which demonstrates the political intent and utility of Euro-American laws.

Advantage 2: Japan

Environmental injustice in Japan comes from the siting of plants and waste dumps near poor communities

Shrader-Frechette 12 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Volume 5, Number 3, 2012 a Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/env.2011.0045 Nuclear Catastrophe, Disaster-Related Environmental Injustice, and Fukushima, Japan: Prima-Facie Evidence for a Japanese ''Katrina'' Kristin Shrader-Frechette http://www3.nd.edu/~~kshrader/pubs/ksf-ej-2012-fukushima.pdf  KAE
The plight of Japanese victims of prima-facie DREI suggests several lessons, similar
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resistant, nor able to operate for 10 hours after station blackout.41

Nuclear siting threats following nuclear power disasters promote racist and classist culture divides in Japan.

Shrader-Frechette 2 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE Volume 5, Number 3, 2012 a Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DOI: 10.1089/env.2011.0045 Nuclear Catastrophe, Disaster-Related Environmental Injustice, and Fukushima, Japan: Prima-Facie Evidence for a Japanese ''Katrina'' Kristin Shrader-Frechette http://www3.nd.edu/~~kshrader/pubs/ksf-ej-2012-fukushima.pdf  KAE
Because Japan has few minorities, one might expect that its environmental-injustice (
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that is able to assess the ultima-facie case for FD EI. 

Racism and classism impact society in 3 key ways

1. Otherization
   2. Cycle
   3. Silencing

By prohibiting the placement of nuclear sites by these oppressed communities we stop forcing them to give into the government/ societal pressures because they have no other choice. We are able to treat them more equally and provide equal protection in the case of nuclear accidents.

Solvency

We have an obligation to stop dumping on exploited populations.

Broze 16 The Battle Continues To Stop Yucca Mountain From Becoming A Nuclear Waste Dump Not far from the site of 40 years of nuclear weapons testing, a proposed long-term nuclear waste dump draws opposition from the Shoshone and Paiute Nations, environmental activists and even Nevada state officials. By Derrick Broze | February 18, 2016 http://www.mintpressnews.com/the-battle-continues-to-stop-yucca-mountain-from-becoming-a-nuclear-waste-dump/213976/  KAE
Native communities have a long history
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three hours' drive from the reservation.

The current disposal mechanisms fail and better methods exist and are being tested

Hansen 01 Brian Hansen (Researcher and scholar) "Nuclear Waste: Is Yucca Mountain in Nevada a Safe Disposal Site?" The CQ Researcher, June 8, 2001 http://faculty.washington.edu/kate1/ESS_418/CAPSTONE_PROJECT_files/Nuclear20Waste.pdf
"Yucca Mountain is an unsuitable site
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of used-fuel management at the Nuclear Energy Insitute.

Challenging the inequity that comes from the placement of nuclear sites is key to creating a sense of ethics in nuclear power.

Parkins and Haluza 11 John and Randolph (Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta and Associate Professor of Sociology, The King's University College, Edmonton, Alberta) "Social and Ethical Considerations of Nuclear Power Development" University of Alberta April 2011 http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/103237/2/StaffPaper11-01.pdf
It is of particular ethical concern if the benefits
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near Edmonton if the purpose is consumer demand for electricity.