Tournament: Voices | Round: 1 | Opponent: Joseph Namkung | Judge: Michael OKrent

T-shell

Interpretation— The aff must defend multiple countries.
The word countries implies multiple actors.  
Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 13 Aug. 2016.
Pluralism:  the state of being plural; the fact or condition of denoting, comprising, or consisting of more than one; (also) an instance of this. Also: the fact of there being many or much; numerousness, plentifulness.
Violation—the aff defends only one country.
C. Standards – 

1. Limits- Aff explodes limits, near infinite amount of affs you can defend if you only have to be germanely topical. This means there is no way I can engage the aff.  
   Even if the aff is disclosed it doesn't solve  
   I can't adequately prep you if I am spending time prepping all the affs you justify under the counter interp
   I only have 30 minutes before the round to prep that will never beat the weeks you spent frontlining the aff.   
   
   Three impacts  
   Destroys all the discussion you say is valuable, I cannot contribute if I am not prepped to engage you  
   Destroys their advocacy skills since you never have to defend your aff since I don't have the prep to engage you. That controls the i/l to all their arguments, my interp ensures they have the skills to effective advocate for this idea in and out of round.  
   Means I never have the prep to engage them destroying fairness and education
   
   2. Ground- if the aff doesn't have to defend the topic they will select something that is obviously true making it impossible for the neg to win. We should debate the topic since it was designed to equally divide ground. Ground is key to fairness since equal acess to arguments controls equal access to the ballot.  
   
    Semantics come first; they categorically precede pragmatic standards
   Nebel 15
   Jake Nebel (PhD student at NYU, BPhil in philosophy from Oxford, 3 time TOC elim round participant, went 3-3 at the 2006 Florida Blue Key tournament). "The Priority of Resolutional Semantics." VBriefly. 20 February 2015. JDN. http://vbriefly.com/2015/02/20/the-priority-of-resolutional-semantics-by-jake-nebel/
   
   One reason why LDers
   AND
   in the argument above.
   D. fairness is a voter since the ballot asks who the better debater is and it's constitutive of the competitive activity
   
   Use competiting interps since reasonability begs the question what is reasonable  
   
   Drop the debater- abuse has already happened and it's a problem with your advocacy, 1ar restart is severance that screws over the neg since 1NC was based on your advocacy.  
   
   
   Fairness first
    
2. Unfair activities literally lead to people quitting debate, if the aff is valuable discussion at all it would want to be heard by the most people.  
   Speice, Patrick and Jim Lyle, 2003, "Traditional Policy Debate: Now More Than Ever", Debaters Research Guide, http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/SpeiceLyle2003htm.htm)
   As with any AND for all participants.
   
   2. Fairness determines if you can fairly evaluate their arguments in the first place, if the round is unfair you cannot evaluate the truth of their claims on substance meaning it is conceptually impossible for them to weigh that against the T shell.  

Coal shift CP

I value morality.
There is no relevant distinction between our actions and omissions, then we are responsible for the harm that comes from failing to act.
The epistemic conditions that give rise to public policy-making dictate maximizing end-states. Goodin~1~:
Consider, first, the AND possible general rule.
Thus the standard is util, and, Their actions always affect one of the parties that they have obligations to, so they must act to ensure the best consequences.

PLAN:

A.   Counterplan text:  Countries should increase production of nuclear power.

B.   Competition: Doing the cp would be a direct disad to the aff

C.    Solvency:

Nuclear power is key to lowering greenhouse emissions.  Biello 13:

Caldicott, By Helen, ~Editor'S Note: The Following Is The Introduction To Dr. Helen Caldicott'S, and New. NUCLEAR POWER IS NOT THE ANSWER(n.d.): n. pag. Nuclear Power Is Not the Answer. 2006. Web. 8 Aug. 2016.
http://tria.fcampalans.cat/images/Nuclear20Power20is20not20the20answer20-20H.20Caldicott.pdf
When the Atlantic Navigator docked in Baltimore harbor earlier this month, the freighter carried
AND
, director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University, where Hansen works.

Solvency Advocate:

Secretary of Energy Steven Chu stated in 2008:
01.20.09, Posted. "Secretary of Energy Steven Chu." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2016.
(in an interview with NOVA): The debate as to AND build more coal plants.

Warming DA:

Prohibiting nuclear power production would increase global warming.

A.   Uniqueness: Coal is responsible for nuclear gas emissions.

Hvistendahl, Mara. "Coal Ash Is More Radioactive Than Nuclear Waste." Scientific American. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Aug. 2016.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coal-ash-is-more-radioactive-than-nuclear-waste/
The popular conception of AND tests and smoke detectors.

B.   Link: Stopping the production of nuclear power increases the demand for other fossil fuels.

In the Fukushima accident in Japan, other nuclear power plants were shut down, and the energy consumption had to be replaced with fossil fuels. Hughes 2012:
Hayashi, Masatsugu, and Larry Hughes. "The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Its Effect on Global Energy Security." Energy Policy 59 (2013): 102-11. Jstor. Energy Research Group, 2012. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. The loss of electricity from AND compared to the same period prior to the accident.

C. Internal Link:

1.    An increased demand for fossil fuels will lead to increased gashouse emissions. EPA 2010:

Since 1990, U.S. greenhouse AND industrial sector emissions.
2.    Increased gashouse emissions lead to global warming. EPA 2010:
"Overview of Greenhouse Gases." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2016.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is AND United States are described below.

D.   Terminal Impact: Global warming leads to extinction.  Paxon 99:

Warming Destroys All Life On Earth—Runaway Greenhouse Followed By Martian Deep Freeze Brandenburg and Paxson (Phds) '99 ~John and Monica, Dead Mars, Dying Earth, p. 232 wndi03~
One can imagine a AND hardy microbes surviving.

Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: Zoe Dove | Judge: Jackson Lallas

Aff

Part 1 is the Framework:

Because common usage is what gives words meaning, I value government  obligations.  

The resolution questions the obligations of the countries. And, governments are obligated to maximize observable ends since they only know generalities and can't focus on individuals. Goodin 90

My larger argument … rules or conduct.
Thus the standard is Maximizing well being
There are three more independent warrants:

1.

 Ends-based theories are the best theoretically because they force Topic Education – We have to use empirics and analytics to evaluate the consequences our actions have on the real world, which forces us to research the effects of actions and how those effects will come about, thus learning more about the topic.  Education is the terminal impact of debate and the only reason why debate gets school funding, so always prefer the most educational value criterion on a theoretical level.

2.Value is contingent upon experiencing that value, which means all moral theories reduce to ends. Harris

I believe … of all values.
Puts his/her theory in the double bind, either (a) we experience it and it reduces to consequences, or (b) we don't experience it and it has no effect on us.

3. Maximizing life comes prior to any other ethical evaluation.  Rasmussen

In so far …. makes valuation possible.

Part 2 is the Plan text: Countries should implement a ban on uranium mining

Solvency Advocate:

It is a consensus amongst 300 delegates that we must end uranium mining. Brown 15

Brown, Paul. "World Group Seeks Ban on Uranium and Nuclear Power - Climate News Network." Climate News Network. Climate News Network, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 09 Aug. 2016.
/.latest_citation_text
http://climatenewsnetwork.net/world-group-seeks-ban-on-uranium-and-nuclear-power/
It's time to end the myth that nuclear power is a cost-effective,
AND
because if they can misapply evidence, that puts them at an advantage.

Part 3 is the Inherency:

Uranium mining is happening in the status quo. World Nuclear Association 16

World Nuclear Association 2016 "Uranium Mining Overview"
http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/uranium-mining-overview.aspx
Uranium mines operate in some 20 countries, though in 2014 some 54 of world production came from just ten mines in six countries (see Table 1), these six countries providing 85 of the world's mined uranium.

Africa is home to a multitude of uranium mines. Scheele 11

Uranium from Africa Mitigation of Uranium mining impacts on society and environment by industry and governments June 2011 Author: Fleur Scheele (WISE) With contributions from Joseph Wilde-Ramsing and Esther de Haan (SOMO)
As there are probably hundreds of international uranium exploration and/or exploitation companies active
AND
phase of a French-owned uranium mine is particularly interesting to observe.

Part 4 is the Solvency:

"Uranium Mining: A Risky Experiment." Uranium Mining - A Risky Experiment | Southern Environmental Law Center. Southern Environmental Law Center, 2016. Web. 09 Aug. 2016.
In 2007, Virginia … keep the ban.\

Advantage 1: Uranium mining causes conflict.

Uranium mining causes conflict. Multiple warrants.

Koos, Carlo, and Matthias Basedau. "Does Uranium Mining Increase Civil Conflict Risk? Evidence from a Spatiotemporal Analysis of Africa from 1960 to 2008." Taylor and Francis. Taylor and Francis, 7 Nov. 2013. Web. 09 Aug. 2016.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13698249.2013.842744
Why could uranium be a conflict factor? First, much like oil, uranium
AND
the burden (ecological degradation, land disputes), conflict is more likely.

Uranium mining causes military action. Koos and Basedau 13

Does Uranium Mining Increase Civil Conflict Risk? Evidence from a Spatiotemporal Analysis of Africa from 1960 to 2008 Carlo Koos , Matthias Basedau 2013
In 2009, Africa accounted for 18 per cent of global uranium production.7
AND
development in both areas may result in indirect, but higher conflict risks.

Civil conflict will lead to death: UN 01

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/docs/2001/1520Armed20Conflict.pdf
Societies ravaged by armed conflicts have paid a massive toll in loss of human life
AND
in their efforts to rebuild society and prevent a relapse of violence. 15

Economic Collapse Would Escalate To Full-Scale Conflict And Rapid Extinction

Bearden 2K (Lt. Col in US Army) ~Thomas, "The Unnecessary Energy Crisis", Free Republic, June 24, p. online wyo-tjc~

History bears out … for many decades.

Advantage 2- Health Harms

Uranium is toxic to consume. Scheele 11

Uranium from Africa Mitigation of Uranium mining impacts on society and environment by industry and governments June 2011 Author: Fleur Scheele (WISE) With contributions from Joseph Wilde-Ramsing and Esther de Haan (SOMO)
In underground mines, miners are directly exposed to uranium and its other daughter products
AND
amounts of greenhouse gases and air pollution as standard power plants.