Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: - | Judge: -
Interpretation: All advocacy texts must have evidence that explicitly advocates all parts of the advocacy and does so through the actor in the advocacy text.

Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: - | Judge: -
Interpretation: Debaters attending at least one bid tournament must disclose all broken positions on the NDCA wiki. To clarify, debaters must post tags, cites, and the first and last three words of each card. They must do this at least one hour before the round or at the earliest opportunity after the previous round has ended.

Standards:

1. Evidence quality
   2. Research incentives
   3. Argumentative responsibility
   4. Evidence ethics
   5. Accessibility

The first three use http://nsdupdate.com/2013/10/10/a-defense-of-disclosure-including-third-party-disclosure-by-jacob-nails/ as a source.

Tournament: University of Houston | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake WH | Judge: Nicho Jennings

Chapter One: Consumer

The cogs of the neoliberal machine do nothing but spin on, reducing life to existence, citizen to consumer – society is now an open market where quality of life is bought and sold.

Giroux 1
Giroux, Henry A. "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State." Truthout. Truthout, 11 Nov. 2015. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state.
"Violence has become the problem of the 21st century. This claim is indebted
AND
will in fact ruin the lives of millions of people. ~8~"

Neoliberalism is capitalism in the endgame – what started at the level of the regulation ends in the space of education. The neoliberal machine seeks to foreclose thought itself by destroying critical education. The agents of neoliberalism are literally invading the educational space, as militants are now stationed with their watchful eyes surveying a hopeless youth.

Giroux 2
Giroux, Henry A. "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State." Truthout. Truthout, 11 Nov. 2015. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state.
"Increasingly, institutions such as schools, prisons, detention centers, and our
AND
want to live under a system of total terror and escalating violence. "

Chapter Two: Critic

A fog of occlusion has descended upon thought itself – we must reclaim critical agency in order to break free of the neoliberal cycles of violence that dominate our lives. Thus, the role of the ballot is to deconstruct hegemonic neoliberalism.

Giroux 3
Giroux, Henry A. "Anti-Politics and the Plague of Disorientation: Welcome to the Age of Trump." Truthout. Truthout, 7 June 2016. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36340-anti-politics-and-the-plague-of-disorientation-welcome-to-the-age-of-trump.
"The left and other progressives need a new language to enable us to rethink
AND
struggles for real change, while at the same time being radically optimistic."

Thus, the role of the judge is to endorse critical pedagogy.

Giroux 4
Giroux, Henry A. "Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization." Teacher Education Quarterly. California Council on Teacher Education, 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://www.teqjournal.org/backvols/2004/31_1/giroux.pmd.pdf.
"All over the world, the forces of neoliberalism are on the march dismantling
AND
the political and the sites in which political struggles and possibilities might occur."

Chapter Three: Agent

Thus, I advocate that public colleges and universities in the United States end restrictions on constitutionally protected speech.

Welch '15
Welch, Nancy. "Educating for Austerity." International Socialist Review. Center for Economic Research and Social Change, Fall 2015. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://isreview.org/issue/98/educating-austerity. ~Nancy Welch is professor of English at the University of Vermont where she helped organize the union representing full- and part-time faculty. Her books include Living Room: Teaching Public Writing in a Privatized World, and The Road from Prosperity. She is the recipient of a Richard Ohmann Award for Outstanding Article in College English for "We're Here and We're Not Going Anywhere: Why Working-Class Rhetorical Traditions Still Matter."~
"Here again history matters. The social supports now virtually eliminated through the employers'
AND
soul of the education with the fight for the working class a whole."

Critical dialogues are uniquely key – they alone create real education and give us true solutions.

Freire '70
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. London: Continuum, 1970. Print. ~World-renowned writer who is credited with helping start the critical pedagogy movement. Received numerous awards including honorary doctorates, the King Balduin Prize for International Development, the Prize for Outstanding Christian Educators in 1985 with Elza, and the UNESCO 1986 Prize for Education for Peace (Gadotti 76).~
"Nor yet can dialogue exist without hope. Hope is rooted in men's incompletion
AND
the content of dialogue is really preoccupation with the program content of education."

Tournament: University of Houston | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Cy-Fair TW | Judge: Kyle Fennessy, Eddie Metelitsa, Rishi Suresh

Chapter One: Consumer

The cogs of the neoliberal machine do nothing but spin on, reducing life to existence, citizen to consumer – society is now an open market where quality of life is bought and sold.

Giroux 1
Giroux, Henry A. "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State." Truthout. Truthout, 11 Nov. 2015. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state. ~Giroux received his Doctorate from Carnegie-Mellon in 1977. He then became professor of education at Boston University from 1977 to 1983. In 1983 he became professor of education and renowned scholar in residence at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio where he also served as Director at the Center for Education and Cultural Studies. He moved to Penn State University where he took up the Waterbury Chair Professorship at Penn State University from 1992 to May 2004. He also served as the Director of the Waterbury Forum in Education and Cultural Studies. He moved to McMaster University in May 2004, where he currently holds the McMaster University Chair for Scholarship in the Public Interest.~
"Violence has become the problem of the 21st century. This claim is indebted
AND
will in fact ruin the lives of millions of people. ~8~"

Neoliberalism is capitalism in the endgame – what started at the level of the regulation ends in the space of education. The neoliberal machine seeks to foreclose thought itself by destroying critical education. The agents of neoliberalism are literally invading the educational space, as militants are now stationed with their watchful eyes surveying a hopeless youth.

Giroux 2
Giroux, Henry A. "Terrorizing Students: The Criminalization of Children in the US Police State." Truthout. Truthout, 11 Nov. 2015. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33604-terrorizing-students-the-criminalization-of-children-in-the-us-police-state.
"Increasingly, institutions such as schools, prisons, detention centers, and our
AND
want to live under a system of total terror and escalating violence. "

Chapter Two: Critic

A fog of occlusion has descended upon thought itself – we must reclaim critical agency in order to break free of the neoliberal cycles of violence that dominate our lives. Thus, the role of the ballot is to deconstruct hegemonic neoliberalism.

Giroux 3
Giroux, Henry A. "Anti-Politics and the Plague of Disorientation: Welcome to the Age of Trump." Truthout. Truthout, 7 June 2016. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/36340-anti-politics-and-the-plague-of-disorientation-welcome-to-the-age-of-trump.
"The left and other progressives need a new language to enable us to rethink
AND
struggles for real change, while at the same time being radically optimistic."

Thus, the role of the judge is to endorse critical pedagogy.

Giroux 4
Giroux, Henry A. "Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization." Teacher Education Quarterly. California Council on Teacher Education, 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://www.teqjournal.org/backvols/2004/31_1/giroux.pmd.pdf.
"All over the world, the forces of neoliberalism are on the march dismantling
AND
the political and the sites in which political struggles and possibilities might occur."

Chapter Three: Agent

Thus, I advocate that public colleges and universities in the United States end restrictions on constitutionally protected speech.

Welch '15
Welch, Nancy. "Educating for Austerity." International Socialist Review. Center for Economic Research and Social Change, Fall 2015. Web. 22 Dec. 2016. http://isreview.org/issue/98/educating-austerity. ~Nancy Welch is professor of English at the University of Vermont where she helped organize the union representing full- and part-time faculty. Her books include Living Room: Teaching Public Writing in a Privatized World, and The Road from Prosperity. She is the recipient of a Richard Ohmann Award for Outstanding Article in College English for "We're Here and We're Not Going Anywhere: Why Working-Class Rhetorical Traditions Still Matter."~
"Here again history matters. The social supports now virtually eliminated through the employers'
AND
soul of the education with the fight for the working class a whole."

Critical dialogues are uniquely key – they alone create real education and give us true solutions.

Freire '70
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. London: Continuum, 1970. Print. ~World-renowned writer who is credited with helping start the critical pedagogy movement. Received numerous awards including honorary doctorates, the King Balduin Prize for International Development, the Prize for Outstanding Christian Educators in 1985 with Elza, and the UNESCO 1986 Prize for Education for Peace (Gadotti 76).~
"Nor yet can dialogue exist without hope. Hope is rooted in men's incompletion
AND
the content of dialogue is really preoccupation with the program content of education."

Students as public intellectuals cause the reclamation of critical agency – that's key to creating political and cultural shifts as well as productive ethics.

Giroux 5
Giroux, Henry A. "Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals." Truthout. Truthout Publications, 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 07 Jan. 2017. http://www.truth-out.org/index.php?option=com_k2andview=itemandid=50463Aoccupy-colleges-now—students-as-the-new-public-intellectuals.
"At a time when higher education is increasingly being dominated by a reductive corporate
AND
of addressing the most urgent issues that face the social and political world." 

Underview

Discussions of the state are productive – the state can be used as a heuristic to produce change.

Zanotti '13
Zanotti, Laura. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 38.4 (2013): 288-304. Sagepub. SAGE Publications, 20 Feb. 2014. Web. 13 Sept. 2016. http://alt.sagepub.com/content/38/4/288.abstract.
"By questioning substantialist representations of power and subjects, inquiries on the possibilities of
AND
leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.'"

Materiality is key – ideal theory is an example of the dominance of hegemonic thought.

Freire '70
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. London: Continuum, 1970. Print. ~World-renowned writer who is credited with helping start the critical pedagogy movement. Received numerous awards including honorary doctorates, the King Balduin Prize for International Development, the Prize for Outstanding Christian Educators in 1985 with Elza, and the UNESCO 1986 Prize for Education for Peace (Gadotti 76).~
"Many Persons, bound to a mechanistic view of reality, do not perceive
AND
'communiques,' whose contents are intended to exercise a domesticating influence."

Tournament: University of Texas | Round: 2 | Opponent: Strake BB | Judge: Altamish Navani

Contention One: Framing

Exclusion is pervasive and deliberation in public spaces are key to find practical solutions – the role of the judge is to endorse rational-critical deliberation.

Dahlberg 13
Dahlberg, Lincoln. "The Habermasian Public Sphere and Exclusion: An Engagement with Poststructuralist-Influenced Critics." Communication Theory 24.1 (2013): 21-41. Wiley Online Library. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/comt.12010/abstract. ~Professor at the Center for Critical and Cultural Studies, University of Queensland~
"Normatively then, the Habermasian (or deliberative)4 public sphere refers to
AND
democracy, rather than a problem internal to the character of the norm."

An affirmative ballot is an endorsement of disability scholarship – inclusion is key to debates over morality because we must fight marginalization in order to have a real discussion.

Berube 3
Berube, Michael. "Citizenship and Disability." Alternet. Alternet, 1 May 2003. Web. 15 Nov. 2016. http://www.alternet.org/story/15809/citizenship_and_disability. ~Professor in Literature at Pennsylvania State University~
"It is striking, nonetheless, that so few leftists have understood disability in
AND
, which is to say, for the good of all of us."

Contention Two: Harms

Those with mental health issues are criminalized.

Auner 1 ~Bracketed for discourse~
Auner, Thomas J. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49 (2016): 335-50. Loyola Law Review. Digital Commons, 1 Jan. 2016. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2961andcontext=llr. ~J.D. Candidate, University of Loyola~
"The United States largely criminalizes mentally ill people ~with mental health issues~,
AND
, compared with 7 to 8 percent of the general population.38"

Every 36 hours, someone with a mental health issue is killed by police.

Appelbaum 15
Appelbaum, Paul S. "Can the Americans With Disabilities Act Reduce the Death Toll From Police Encounters With Persons With Mental Illness?" Psychiatric Services 66.10 (2015): 1012-014. National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2015. Web. 02 Nov. 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26423161. ~Paul S. Appelbaum, M.D., the Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor of Psychiatry, Medicine and Law, and Director, Division of Law, Ethics and Psychiatry at Columbia, was previously A.F. Zeleznik Distinguished Professor and Chairman, Department of Psychiatry; and Director, Law and Psychiatry Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School.~
"Roughly every 36 hours, somewhere in the United States, a person with
AND
mental impairments of citizens into account as they interact with them (4)."

Qualified immunity is uniquely bad – it makes recovering damages nigh on impossible.

Gildin 1
Gildin, Gary S. "Dis-Qualified Immunity for Discrimination Against the Disabled." University of Illinois Law Review (1999): 897-948. HeinOnline. HeinOnline. Web. 16 Nov. 2016. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/unilllr1999anddiv=26andid=andpage=. ~Interim Dean and Professor of Law. J.D., Stanford Law School. B.A., University of Wisconsin.~
"The legislative instruction that the Acts be broadly construed to afford relief to victims
AND
is wholly inapplicable to actions for damages brought under the disability discrimination statutes."

Contention Three: Inherency

Most courts don't uphold the ADA in the context of qualified immunity – that means status quo rights violations aren't getting punished. The ninth circuit should be the example – it's proven that their method works.

Auner 2 ~Bracketed for discourse~
Auner, Thomas J. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49 (2016): 335-50. Loyola Law Review. Digital Commons, 1 Jan. 2016. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2961andcontext=llr. ~J.D. Candidate, University of Loyola~
"To succeed in a section 1983 claim, the plaintiff must prove that someone
AND
governments, rendering the barriers of qualified and municipal immunity inapplicable.79"

Qualified immunity isn't even a real defense – it's an ableist obfuscation of the law.

Gildin 2
Gildin, Gary S. "Dis-Qualified Immunity for Discrimination Against the Disabled." University of Illinois Law Review (1999): 897-948. HeinOnline. HeinOnline. Web. 16 Nov. 2016. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/unilllr1999anddiv=26andid=andpage=. ~Interim Dean and Professor of Law. J.D., Stanford Law School. B.A., University of Wisconsin.~
"The courts that have allowed a qualified immunity defense to be erected by government
AND
defense that Congress did not intend for actions under the Acts.'9"

Contention Four: Advocacy

Text: All United States federal circuit courts will limit qualified immunity for police officers by rendering the Americans with Disabilities Act applicable for arrest situations.

Auner 3 ~Bracketed for discourse~
Auner, Thomas J. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49 (2016): 335-50. Loyola Law Review. Digital Commons, 1 Jan. 2016. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2961andcontext=llr. ~J.D. Candidate, University of Loyola~
"Excessive force claims stemming from the Fourth Amendment and section 1983 of the Civil
AND
to arrest situations faces a greater risk of violent encounters with the police."

The affirmative enforces the ADA across the board – status quo application is inconsistent.

Auner 4 ~Bracketed for discourse~
Auner, Thomas J. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49 (2016): 335-50. Loyola Law Review. Digital Commons, 1 Jan. 2016. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2961andcontext=llr. ~J.D. Candidate, University of Loyola~
"Violent confrontations between police and mentally ill suspects ~with mental health issues~
AND
federal protections for ~those with mental health issues~ the mentally ill.

Use of the ADA has historically increased inclusion and discouraged discrimination – litigation is key.

Auner 5 ~Bracketed for discourse~
Auner, Thomas J. Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49 (2016): 335-50. Loyola Law Review. Digital Commons, 1 Jan. 2016. Web. 2 Nov. 2016. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2961andcontext=llr. ~J.D. Candidate, University of Loyola~
"When courts deem the ADA applicable to specific situations, public and private entities
AND
but more importantly, will tangibly improve the safety of the mentally ill."

Underview

Affirmative gets RVIs on counter-interpretations – 3 reasons:

Strategy Skew. The negative can make the round unduly difficult for the affirmative by forcing them to adequately cover all layers when they're already at a disadvantage because of the 7-4-6-3 time skew.
Reciprocity. The negative gets two outs and the affirmative has to double down –
AND
time-suck in the round via a well-frontlined frivolous shell.

Go for reasonability on T specifically – there are many ways of construing a resolution, and it's better to err toward a reasonable affirmative to make the conversation more inclusive. An affirmative is topical if:

It has a solvency advocate.
It directly limits qualified immunity, including clearly establishing some right or set of rights.

Large-scale impacts are fear tactics meant to legitimize oppression.

Omolade '84
Omolade, Barbara. "Women of Color and the Nuclear Holocaust." Women's Studies Quarterly 12.2 (1984): 12. JSTOR. ITHAKA. Web. 30 Oct. 2016. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40004305. ~Worked with the City College Center for Worker Education in New York City, historian of black women for the past twenty years and an organizer in both the women's and civil rights movements.~
"As women of color, who are warriors in continual struggle to reclaim our
AND
, imperialism, cultural integrity, and housing? Who will stand up?"

Err affirmative on solvency – spillover solves a majority of their harms and past precedents show that the ADA can do good things.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Anderson SJ | Judge: Rachana Kolli

Contention One: Harms

We are currently entrenched in the system of corporate capitalism. So long as corporate capitalism goes unchallenged, corporations can never be held accountable.

Picciotto, Sol. Regulating Global Corporate Capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2011. Web. 11 Aug. 2016.
"Due to these features, the corporation has enabled the radical transformation of capitalism
AND
be no effective driving force for any significant reconsideration of the corporate form."

A lack of accountability leaves the impoverished vulnerable to exploitation – the status quo attempts to address this issue but fails to realize the importance of the state in corporate regulation.

Newell, Peter. "From Responsibility to Citizenship? Corporate Accountability for Development1." Wiley Online Library. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Apr. 2002. Web. 17 Aug. 2016. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2002.tb00025.x/abstract.
"Citizenship 'is a weighty, monumental, humanist word' (Fraser and Gordon
AND
being exploited and that is not being exploited' (quoted in Strange 1988)."

This corporate capitalism also fosters political corruption, environmental degradation, and discrimination on multiple bases.

Perrow, Charles. Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism. Oxfordshire: Princeton UP, 2002. Web. 11 Aug. 2016.
"How did it come about that the United States developed an economic system based
AND
be our fate for the foreseeable future. It might have been otherwise."

Contention Two: Framing

Thus, the role of the ballot is to challenge corporate capitalism.

Wolff, Richard. "Occupy Wall Street Ends Capitalism's Alibi." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 04 Oct. 2011. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. (Professor of economics at the University of Massachusetts for 35 years, visiting professor at New School University, NY, teaches at the Brecht Forum in Manhattan).
"Occupy Wall Street has already weathered the usual early storms. The kept media
AND
long – and at far too great a cost to all of us."

The role of the judge is to endorse critical pedagogy.

Giroux, Henry A. "Critical Pedagogy and the Postmodern/Modern Divide: Towards a Pedagogy of Democratization." Teacher Education Quarterly. California Council on Teacher Education, 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://www.teqjournal.org/backvols/2004/31_1/giroux.pmd.pdf.
"All over the world, the forces of neoliberalism are on the march dismantling
AND
the political and the sites in which political struggles and possibilities might occur."

Structural violence occurs outside our scope of justice – that means evaluating it comes before normative moral calculations.

Christie, Daniel J., Richard V. Wagner, and Deborah Du Nann Winter. "Chapter 8: Social Injustice." Peace, Conflict, and Violence: Peace Psychology for the 21st Century. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001. 102-09. Web.
"Social injustice challenges us to recognize the ordinarily invisible harms that are inflicted but
AND
a result of structural vio lence, moral exclusion seems unwarranted and unjust."

Contention Three: Advocacy

Countries will prohibit production of nuclear power, thereby mandating the shutdown of nuclear reactors.

Williams, Chris. "Nuclear Energy: Capitalism's Disastrous Priority." DiaNuke. DiaNuke, 28 July 2012. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. (Environmental activist, published author, chair of science department at Packer Collegiate Institute, professor at Pace University in the Department of Chemistry and Physical Science).
"They may not live in castles anymore, but the glass-plated skyscrapers
AND
to build in the United States and in every part of the globe."

Involvement of the state is key to addressing corporate capitalism.

Rothkopf, David. "Fixing Capitalism Means Taking Power Back From Business." Time. Time Inc., 19 Jan. 2012. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. http://business.time.com/2012/01/19/command-and-control/.
"Newt Gingrich's latest attack on fellow Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney's leadership of a
AND
corporations and individuals, companies and states, nations and the global community."

Underview

Affirmative gets RVIs on competing interpretations – 3 reasons:

1. Strategy Skew
   2. Reciprocity
   3. Checks frivolous theory