Tournament: Any | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
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Facebook: Alan George
Email: algeor99@gmail.com
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My preferred pronoun is he/him.
If you would be upset by something read on here, please tell me before the round.

Tournament: UH | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Katy Taylor CR | Judge: Panel
Framework
Exclusion is inevitable in any moral theory because it requires one to distinguish between good and bad. When we define justice, that definition always excludes that which it doesn’t account for.
Hagglund
Hägglund, Martin. Radical atheism: Derrida and the time of life. Stanford University Press, 2008. Swedish Philosopher, Literary Theorist, scholar of modernist literature, and currently a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows
In effect, every attempt to organize life in accordance with ethical or political prescriptions
AND
is in the service of perpetrating the better. (82-83)
The belief in peace is contradictory and justifies absolute violence—they foreclose the possibility of justice in the first place.
Hagglund
Hägglund, Martin. Radical atheism: Derrida and the time of life. Stanford University Press, 2008. Swedish Philosopher, Literary Theorist, scholar of modernist literature, and currently a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows
Consequently, my argument is not that the desire for lesser violence doesn’t
AND
violence is itself violent and given over to possible contestation. (83)
The only way to resolve inevitable conflict is to embrace that it is inevitable. This requires an agonistic commitment, which recognizes that conflict is inevitable, but frames the other as an opponent instead of an enemy.
Mouffe ‘06
Mouffe, Chantal (currently a Professor of Political Theory at the University of Westminster in the UK) “Bringing hegemony, agonism and the political into journalism and media studies: The Democratic Paradox” Journalism Studies 7(6): 964-75. 2006,
Envisaged from the point of view of 'agonistic pluralism', the aim of democratic politics
AND

but they should be seen as temporary respites in an ongoing confrontation.
Thus, the standard is ensuring legitimate structures of pluralism. Impact calc:
To clarify, the standard is means based. It is concerned with the availability to pursue discourse, not whether the discourse is “effective” or not, for that presupposes an already “correct” belief
Butler ‘06
Butler, Judith. Precarious life: The powers of mourning and violence. Verso, 2006
Dissent and debate depends upon the inclusion of those who maintain critical
AND
as the ability to think critically and publicly about the effects of war.
(Analytic)
(Analytic)
(Analytic)
Advocacy
I advocate that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. I reserve the right to clarify in CX.
Advantage 1: Discourse (1:55)
Censorship cedes the political and makes bigots feel more solidified about their beliefs—Trump proves
Nichols ‘16
 (How the P.C. Police Propelled Donald Trump, 01.04.16, The Daily Beast, Tom Nichols)
The American left created Donald Trump. When I say “the left,” I
AND
feels itself to be a silenced majority, and Trump is their solution.
Censorship destroys the key ability of students to challenge disagreeable viewpoints by silencing them
Snyder ‘15
Bonnie K. Snyder. "Articles: It's Time for a New Free Speech Movement on Campus." American Thinker. N.p., 7 May 2015. Web. 01 Dec. 2016.
The worst part of the suppression of free speech on a college campus is that
AND
brain. The true meaning of liberalism is being open to considering ideas.
Empirics flow aff—speech codes lead to more tangible violence—open dialogue is key to solve
Malik ‘12
Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, “why hate speech should not be banned”, April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/
And in practice, you cannot reduce or eliminate bigotry simply by banning it.
AND
threshold for liability should not be lowered just because hate speech is involved.
Advantage 2: Student Government (1:00)
Perceived violations of free speech turn student governments conservative—we control uniqueness
Jones ‘16
(Jeffrey M. Jones, “College Students Oppose Restrictions on Political Speech”, http://www.gallup.com/poll/190451/college-students-oppose-restrictions-political-speech.aspx)
PRINCETON, N.J. -- U.S. College students mostly reject
AND
sampling error is ±3 percentage points at the 95 confidence level.
Conservative governments pass policies like concealed carry—they’re dangerous
AeroAG ‘12
(AeroAG2012, 11/28/12, “Student Senate Passes Concealed Carry Bill, Overturns Veto by a 41-16 Margin”, https://texags.com/forums/16/topics/2220173
The Texas AandM Personal Protection Bill, which supports a change in University
AND
Student Government and will be lobbied for at the University and State level.
Two impacts—
1) Handguns on college campuses empirically increases rape
Reindl ‘15
 Jade reindl is part of the Center for Information Management and Education Services , the International Youth Council and part of the End Rape on Campuses movement. She graduated from Florida State University and is a Chairperson at International Youth Council USA. “‘Campus Carry’ doesn’t protect women”. Miami Herald. SEPTEMBER 28, 2015 8:23 PM . http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article36880293.html.  
Strikingly, the rate of forcible rape on campuses that has recently enacted campus-
AND
increase in guns on campus doesn’t lead to a reduced rate of assault.
2) Concealed carry chills discourse in classrooms—stifles social change
PHW ‘14
public Health Watch Keeping an Eye on the Public Impact of Modern Politics“Point Blank: Guns Don’t Belong On College Campuses – Here’s Why” March 2014
https://publichealthwatch.wordpress.com/2014/03/10/point-blank-guns-dont-belong-on-college-campuses-heres-why/ KKJY
In order to … to the college experience.
Advantage 3: Education
Free speech prepares students for the real world by reducing academic insulation.
Vivanco 16 (Leonor Vivanco, August 25th, 2016, “U. of C. tells incoming freshmen it does not support 'trigger warnings' or 'safe spaces'”, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-university-of-chicago-safe-spaces-letter-met-20160825-story.html3
"It is not the … in a statement at the time.
Lack of counter-narratives produce echo-chambers that sustains existing power structures whilst deluding liberals otherwise.
Sunstein 12 (Cass R. Sunstein. Sep 17, 2012. “Breaking up the echo”. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/opinion/balanced-news-reports-may-only-inflame.html?_r=0)
It is well known that when …, exactly, is saying it.
Underview
State is inevitable—deliberation on policymaking is key for debaters to create change
Coverstone ‘05
Alan Coverstone, Masters in Communication from Wake Forest, Longtime Debate Coach, “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 15, 2005. *Modified for ableist language.* KOHS-AG
An important concern … abstention in America today.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: North Allegheny JF | Judge: Jeremy Dang

Framework

Exclusion is inevitable in any moral theory because it requires one to distinguish between good and bad. When we define justice, that definition always excludes that which it doesn’t account for.

Hagglund
Hägglund, Martin. Radical atheism: Derrida and the time of life. Stanford University Press, 2008. ~Swedish Philosopher, Literary Theorist, scholar of modernist literature, and currently a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows~
In effect, every attempt to organize life in accordance with ethical or political prescriptions
AND
is in the service of perpetrating the better. (82-83)

The belief in peace is contradictory and justifies absolute violence—they foreclose the possibility of justice in the first place.

Hagglund
Hägglund, Martin. Radical atheism: Derrida and the time of life. Stanford University Press, 2008. ~Swedish Philosopher, Literary Theorist, scholar of modernist literature, and currently a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows~
Consequently, my argument is not that the desire for lesser violence ~doesn’t~
AND
violence is itself violent and given over to possible contestation. (83)

The only way to resolve inevitable conflict is to embrace that it is inevitable. This requires an agonistic commitment, which recognizes that conflict is inevitable, but frames the other as an opponent instead of an enemy.

Mouffe ‘06
Mouffe, Chantal (currently a Professor of Political Theory at the University of Westminster in the UK) "Bringing hegemony, agonism and the political into journalism and media studies: The Democratic Paradox" Journalism Studies 7(6): 964-75. 2006,
Envisaged from the point of view of 'agonistic pluralism', the aim of democratic politics
AND

but they should be seen as temporary respites in an ongoing confrontation.

Thus, the standard is ensuring legitimate structures of pluralism. Impact calc:

The standard is concerned with the availability to pursue discourse, not whether the discourse is "effective" or not, for that presupposes an already "correct" belief

Butler ‘06
Butler, Judith. Precarious life: The powers of mourning and violence. Verso, 2006
Dissent and debate depend~s~ upon the inclusion of those who maintain critical
AND
as the ability to think critically and publicly about the effects of war. 

Advocacy

I advocate that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. I defend normal means but reserve the right to clarify in CX in asked.

Advantage 1: Discourse

Censorship cedes the political and makes bigots feel more solidified about their beliefs—Trump proves

Nichols ‘16
 (How the P.C. Police Propelled Donald Trump, 01.04.16, The Daily Beast, Tom Nichols)
The American left created Donald Trump. When I say "the left," I
AND
feels itself to be a silenced majority, and Trump is their solution. 

Censorship destroys the key ability of students to challenge disagreeable viewpoints AND paints certain viewpoints as illegitimate—that kills agonistic democracy

Snyder ‘15
Bonnie K. Snyder. "Articles: It's Time for a New Free Speech Movement on Campus." American Thinker. N.p., 7 May 2015. Web. 01 Dec. 2016.
The worst part of the suppression of free speech on a college campus is that
AND
brain. The true meaning of liberalism is being open to considering ideas.

Empirics flow aff—speech codes lead to more tangible violence—open dialogue is key to solve

Malik ‘12
Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, "why hate speech should not be banned", April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/
And in practice, you cannot reduce or eliminate bigotry simply by banning it.
AND
threshold for liability should not be lowered just because hate speech is involved.

Free speech is key to real-world training

Vivanco ‘16
(Leonor Vivanco, August 25^th, 2016, "U. of C. tells incoming freshmen it does not support 'trigger warnings' or 'safe spaces'", http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-university-of-chicago-safe-spaces-letter-met-20160825-story.html3
"It is not the proper role of the University to attempt to shield individuals
AND
standards," board Chairman Tom Spurgeon said in a statement at the time.

Lack of counter-narratives produce echo-chambers that sustains existing power structures

Sunstein ‘12
Cass R. Sunstein. Sep 17, 2012. "Breaking up the echo". http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/opinion/balanced-news-reports-may-only-inflame.html?'r=0
It is well known that when like­minded people get together, they tend
AND
not what is said, but who, exactly, is saying it.

Advantage 2: Counterspeech

Speech codes get used against black rights activists—empirics

Strossen ‘90
Nadine Strossen (President of the American Civil Liberties Union from February 1991 to October 2008, John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law at New York Law School., "Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?", Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1990, No. 3, Frontiers of Legal Thought II. The New First Amendment
First, there is no persuasive psychological evidence that punishment for name-calling changes
AND
far more problems of equality and enforceability than it would solve.3 87

History proves—free speech is key to protect black rights movements

Strossen ‘90
Nadine Strossen (President of the American Civil Liberties Union from February 1991 to October 2008, John Marshall Harlan II Professor of Law at New York Law School., "Regulating Racist Speech on Campus: A Modest Proposal?", Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1990, No. 3, Frontiers of Legal Thought II. The New First Amendment
It is particularly important to devise anti-racism strategies consistent with the first amendment
AND
other government officials also was protected under the same principles 431 and precedents.

The aff creates counterspeech movements that create real ideological change—the aff is a prereq to grassroots movements

Calleros ‘95
Charles R. Calleros (Professor of Law, Arizona State University. The author wishes to thank Robert M. O'Neil and James Weinstein for their helpful comments and Richard Delgado for his support and encouragement). PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN. Arizona State Law Journal; Arizona State Law Journal. Winter 1995.
Delgado and Yun characterize these arguments as "paternalistic" and "seriously flawed."
AND
would feel pressures to maintain its status as a minimally integrated institution. n78

Tournament: Strake Jesuit | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lake Highland MK | Judge:
The presumption of static meaning misunderstands the interconnected nature of the world and its constant changing or becoming.
Malins 1. Peta (2004). Machinic Assemblages: Deleuze, Guattari and an Ethico-Aesthetics of Drug Use. Janus Head, 7(1), 84-104. http://www.janushead.org/7-1/malins.pdf. AKB
However it is the particular concept of the body activated by the excerpt–the
AND
LSD, a tripper. The drug using body is multiple.
 

But, western metaphysics continually reaffirms the question of “is”, creating distinct, static categories that are then branded upon the world. I am me, you are you, two distinct, separate entities, always. This mode of thought traps bodies within a singular subjectivity, preventing any becoming other.  
Malins 2. Peta (2004). Machinic Assemblages: Deleuze, Guattari and an Ethico-Aesthetics of Drug Use. Janus Head, 7(1), 84-104. http://www.janushead.org/7-1/malins.pdf. AKB
The concept of the rhizome developed by Deleuze and Guattari in A Thousand Plateaus provides
AND
prove themselves; to manoeuvre themselves into the privileged branch of each binary. 

Specifically, the state apparatus holds these categories in place, harshly defining the limits of becoming through a security logic that seeks to reduce everything to its predictable origin. This management creates the conditions in which any infraction upon order warrants infinite violence.
Bell 07. Daniel M., Associate Professor of Theological Ethics, Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary, Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory, JCRT 8.2 SPRING 2007 55,d  http://www.jcrt.org/archives/08.2/
Like Hobbes and Foucault, Deleuze holds that Life is constituted by motion; specifically
AND
we will have to look elsewhere. To this alternative we now turn.

Status quo educational systems operate as extensions of the state apparatus zones of detainment par-excellence, harshly defining the conditions of education within rigid and predictable regulations. A recoding would require an upending of the current system. Thus, the Role of the Ballot is to vote for the debater who best embraces becoming.  
Allan 7. Julie, Rethinking Inclusive Education: The Philosophers of Difference in Practice. 2007.
DETERRITORIALIZATION The striation of space is, according to Deleuze and Guattari (1987),
AND
suggests that it is worth further efforts to secure smooth spaces for inclusion.

Nowhere has this been clearer than in student protests:
May 4th, 1970; US soldiers at Ken State fire 67 rounds into a student protest. Thirteen seconds pass. 4 students are dead and 9 are injured.
December 11th, 2009; Students protest a tuition increase at UC Berkeley. The
AND
, citing its commentary on lynching to be a disruption of public order.

I advocate that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict protest. 

We affirm protest in the educational space. We take the bricks from the classroom of reason and smash the windows to look beyond.
Woods et. al., Michael, Jon Anderson, Steven Guilbert, and Suzie Watkin. "Rhizomic Radicalism and Arborescent Advocacy: A Deleuzo-Guattarian Reading of Rural Protest." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Environment 31 (2012): 434-50. Print.
Proposition 1. Rhizomic political assemblages are heterogeneous. They involve multiple connections between points
AND
on new lines” (Deleuze and Guattari, 1988, page 9).

Specifically, this re-territorialization continually draws out trajectories against state domination. That’s key to a world beyond fascism.
Bogue 07 (Ronald, Professor of Comparative Literature at the University of Georgia Deleuze's Way: Essays in Transverse Ethics and Aesthetics pg. 130-131)
By Identifying nomads with the war machine, Deleuze and Guattari suggest that a nomadic
AND
of smooth-spacing is a generative production and circulation of nomadic flows.

The unrestrained and explorative nature of rhizomatic protest opens up new epistemic possibilities – challenging the very nature of the frame of life introduces a pedagogy of radical critique, the only way to account for the ever-changing nature of the world.
Livingston 12. Alexander, “Avoiding Deliberative Democracy? Micropolitics, Manipulation, and the Public Sphere”, Philosophy and Rhetoric, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2012), pp. 269-294. AKB 3’s Michigan
It is important here to stress what a critical theory of Deliberative democracy is not
AND
as to displace old prejudices and allow new identities and claims to flourish.

And, university movements have potential – that’s empirically proven by the Occupation at the New School in 09
Research and Destroy 09. Communiqué from an Absent Future 2009. “On the Terminus of Student Life.” Anti-Capital Projects. 11-26-2009. http://anticapitalprojects.wordpress.com/2009/11/26/communique-from-an-absent-future-on-the-terminus-of-student-life/. AKB
We must begin by preventing the university from functioning and. We must interrupt
AND
real and the possible can push the struggle in a more radical direction.

Successful protest is always met with detainment by the state apparatus stemming from university policy; the same holds true here.
Moynihan and Chan 09. Colin, Sewell. New York Times. Police Arrest 22 at New School Building. April 10, 2007, 10:05 AM. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/10/students-occupy-new-school-building-again/?_r=0. AKB
Updated, 10:37 p.m. | About 20 Police officers wearing
AND
back of a white van, around 11:30 a.m.

Tournament: UH | Round: 4 | Opponent: SFA SM | Judge: Delil Agho-Otoghile
Framework
The standard is minimizing structural barriers, defined as alleviating the material conditions that commit structural violence on marginalized groups. Prefer—
1) Debate should deal with material impacts—abstraction reflects privilege
Curry ‘14
Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”KOHS-AG
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
AND
used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.
2) Structural violence is based in moral exclusion—ethics do not apply if individuals are not included
Winter and Leighton
Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice “Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century.” Pg 4-5KOHS-AG
Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
AND
local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.
Advocacy
I advocate that public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech. I reserve the right to clarify in CX.
Advantage 1: Discourse (1:55)
Censorship cedes the political and makes bigots feel more solidified about their beliefs—Trump proves
Nichols ‘16
 (How the P.C. Police Propelled Donald Trump, 01.04.16, The Daily Beast, Tom Nichols)
The American left created Donald Trump. When I say “the left,” I
AND
feels itself to be a silenced majority, and Trump is their solution.
Censorship destroys the key ability of students to challenge disagreeable viewpoints by silencing them
Snyder ‘15
Bonnie K. Snyder. "Articles: It's Time for a New Free Speech Movement on Campus." American Thinker. N.p., 7 May 2015. Web. 01 Dec. 2016.
The worst part of the suppression of free speech on a college campus is that
AND
brain. The true meaning of liberalism is being open to considering ideas.
Empirics flow aff—speech codes lead to more tangible violence—open dialogue is key to solve
Malik ‘12
Kenan Malik, I am a writer, lecturer and broadcaster. My latest book is The Quest for a Moral Compass: A Global History of Ethics, “why hate speech should not be banned”, April 12, 2012, https://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2012/04/19/why-hate-speech-should-not-be-banned/
And in practice, you cannot reduce or eliminate bigotry simply by banning it.
AND
threshold for liability should not be lowered just because hate speech is involved.
Tailoring identity claims to common topics for deliberation is possible and desirable. We say fight hate speech with activist speech.
Anderson ‘06
Amanda Anderson 6, Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Humanities and English at Brown University, Spring 2006, “Reply to My Critic(s),” Criticism, Vol. 48, No. 2, p. 281-290
Probyns piece is a mixture of affective fallacy, argument by authority, and bald
AND
and public debate has a vital role to play in such a task.
Advantage 2: Student Government (1:00)
Perceived violations of free speech turn student governments conservative—we control uniqueness
Jones ‘16
(Jeffrey M. Jones, “College Students Oppose Restrictions on Political Speech”, http://www.gallup.com/poll/190451/college-students-oppose-restrictions-political-speech.aspx)
PRINCETON, N.J. -- U.S. College students mostly reject
AND
sampling error is ±3 percentage points at the 95 confidence level.
Conservative governments pass policies like concealed carry—they’re dangerous
AeroAG ‘12
AeroAG2012, 11/28/12, “Student Senate Passes Concealed Carry Bill, Overturns Veto by a 41-16 Margin”, https://texags.com/forums/16/topics/2220173
The Texas AandM Personal Protection Bill, which supports a change in University
AND
Student Government and will be lobbied for at the University and State level.
Impacts—
1) Handguns on college campuses empirically increases rape
Reindl ‘15
 Jade reindl is part of the Center for Information Management and Education Services , the International Youth Council and part of the End Rape on Campuses movement. She graduated from Florida State University and is a Chairperson at International Youth Council USA. “‘Campus Carry’ doesn’t protect women”. Miami Herald. SEPTEMBER 28, 2015 8:23 PM . http://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article36880293.html.  
Strikingly, the rate of forcible rape on campuses that has recently enacted campus-
AND
increase in guns on campus doesn’t lead to a reduced rate of assault.
2) Concealed carry chills discourse in classrooms—stifles social change
PHW ‘14
public Health Watch Keeping an Eye on the Public Impact of Modern Politics“Point Blank: Guns Don’t Belong On College Campuses – Here’s Why” March 2014
https://publichealthwatch.wordpress.com/2014/03/10/point-blank-guns-dont-belong-on-college-campuses-heres-why/ KKJY
In order to … the college experience.
Advantage 3: Education
Free speech prepares students for the real world
Vivanco '16
(Leonor Vivanco, August 25th, 2016, “U. of C. tells incoming freshmen it does not support 'trigger warnings' or 'safe spaces'”, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-university-of-chicago-safe-spaces-letter-met-20160825-story.html3
"It is not the … a statement at the time.
Lack of counter-narratives produce echo-chambers that sustains existing power structures
Sunstein '12
(Cass R. Sunstein. Sep 17, 2012. “Breaking up the echo”. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/18/opinion/balanced-news-reports-may-only-inflame.html?_r=0)
It is well known …, exactly, is saying it.

Tournament: UT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodlands College Park JZ | Judge: Jin Lee
Part 1: Framework

Structural Violence 

The standard is minimizing structural barriers, defined as alleviating the material conditions that commit structural violence on marginalized groups. Prefer—

1) Debate should deal with material impacts—abstraction reflects privilege
Curry ‘14
Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”KOHS-AG
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
AND
used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.

2) Structural violence is based in moral exclusion—ethics do not apply if individuals are not included
Winter and Leighton
Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice “Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century.” Pg 4-5KOHS-AG
Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
AND
local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.

Part 2: Status Quo

Qualified immunity creates a police state immune to criticism—it justifies police abuse
Pattis ‘10
Norm Pattis. Qualified Immunity And The Police State. October 16, 2010.KOHS-AG
I get many calls each week from people who believe they have been abused by
AND
accomplices in a police state; most of them don't even realize it.

Courts use the “clearly established” clause to avoid clarifying core constitutional rights—leads to circular rights violations that justify future police misconduct
Carbado ‘16
Drew Carbado (The Honorable Harry Pregerson Professor of Law). “BLUE‐ON‐BLACK VIOLENCE: A PROVISIONAL MODEL OF SOME OF THE CAUSES.” Georgetown Law Journal 1479. No. 16-31. 2016.KOHS-AG
A third way in which legal actors translate police violence into justifiable force in the
AND
a significant doctrinal hurdle to holding police officers accountable for acts of violence.

Qualified immunity serves to diffuse critique and stops expansion civil rights claims elsewhere—it makes police misconduct appear to be ISOLATED instead of SYSTEMIC
Hassel ‘99
Diana Hassel (Associate Professor at the Roger Williams University School of Law). “ Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity.” Missouri Law Review 1999KOHS-AG
The problem with qualified immunity is not so much that the outcomes are sometimes unfair
AND
can develop into an obstacle to the very aims it professes to accomplish.

Part 3: Advocacy 

Text

Plan Text: The United States federal government ought to eliminate the “clearly established” clause of qualified immunity and replace it with a “clearly unconstitutional” clause for police officers.
Catlett ‘05
Michael S. Catlett  “CLEARLY NOT ESTABLISHED: DECISIONAL LAW AND THE QUALIFIED IMMUNITY DOCTRINE.” Arizona Law Review.  2005.KOHS-AG
In trying to decide whether a constitutional right is “clearly established,” courts should
AND
case?;197 (4) How recently was the constitutional right pronounced?

Solvency

Restricting qualified immunity is key to unveil abuse within the police state—the aff calls out abusive police
Bernick ‘15
Evan Bernick (Evan is the Assistant Director of the Center for Judicial Engagement at the Institute for Justice, a libertarian public interest law firm).  “To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity.” Foundation for Economic Education. May 6, 2015KOHS-AG
In the wake of the tragic deaths of Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Walter
AND
granted, discovery stops, and there is no trial on the merits.

Limiting qualified immunity is a uniquely key starting point to create policy accountability—alternatives are inaccessible
De Stefan ‘16
De Stefan, Lindsey, "“No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850.KOHS-AG
Altering the qualified immunity doctrine is an excellent way to begin the path to restoring
AND
of the stringent immunity afforded to police officers could take effect relatively quickly.

Civil suits rebuild relations between communities and police
De Stefan ‘16
De Stefan, Lindsey, "“No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:” How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850.KOHS-AG
By beginning to mending the qualified immunity doctrine in these ways,
AND
surely be a long path to rebuilding the trust that is so crucial.

Civil lawsuits are uniquely key to hold police accountable—compensation for victims creates change
Cheh ‘96
Cheh, Mary (Professor of Law, George Washington University Law School), “Are Lawsuits an Answer to Police Brutality,” in POLICE VIOLENCE, 248 (William Geller and Hans Toch eds., Yale University Press 1996)KOHS-AG
By contrast, the civil law, because of its greater flexibility and scope,
AND
but to reform so that the harm is not likely to be repeated.

The aff refocuses civil movements—instead of focusing on individual acts, we take the police state out head-on
Hassel ‘99
Diana Hassel (Associate Professor at the Roger Williams University School of Law). “ Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity.” Missouri Law Review 1999KOHS-AG
The focus on the intent of the actor in equal protection claims rather than the
AND
of an open debate concerning which civil rights should be protected and how.

Underview

Ideal theory can never guide action—you as a judge must reject abstractions
Friere
Freire, Paulo. Pedagogy of the Oppressed 1970
Many Persons, bound to a mechanistic view of reality, do not perceive that
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of "communiques," whose contents are intended to exercise a domesticating influence.

Only material realities are epistemically accessible
Papineau ‘07
David Papineau, “Naturalism”. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007KOHS-AG
Moore took this argument to show that moral facts comprise a distinct species of non
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to see how we can we have any knowledge of them?.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 3 | Opponent: Katy Taylor RC | Judge: Jared Woods

Advantages

Inherency

Iran’s pursuit of nuclear weapons has ceased in light of the nuclear deal

Sanger ‘16

David E. Sanger, 7-13-2016, "Iran Sticks to Terms of Nuclear Deal, but Defies the U.S. in Other Ways," New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/14/world/middleeast/iran-nuclear-deal.html//KOHS-AG
WASHINGTON — A year after President Obama’s nuclear deal with Iran, the worst predictions
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Tel Aviv, "and greatly reduced the threat over the longer term."

And, the root cause of Iran’s desire to proliferate is Israeli aggression and nuclear power—addressing these concerns is key

Fisher ‘15

Max Fisher, 2-25-2015, "The real reasons Iran is so committed to its nuclear program," Vox, http://www.vox.com/2015/2/25/8101383/iran-nuclear-reasons
"Tehran wanted to guard against a future surprise analogous to Iraq's repeated use of
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want a nuclear deterrent, which only makes the US threaten more strenuously.

Advantage 1: Meltdown

Meltdown of the Dimona reactor is inevitable

Levinsonn ‘16

Chaim Levinson Apr 26, 2016 9, 4-26-2016, "Israel's Dimona nuclear reactor plagued by 1,537 defects, scientists say," Haaretz, http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.716312
An innovative ultrasound examination has show~ed~n signs of 1,537
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the past and requires safety checks each time as well as various permits.

Meltdown causes extinction

Lendman ‘11

Stephen, Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, 
03/ 13/11, "Nuclear Meltdown in Japan,", The People’s Voice http://www.thepeoplesvoice.org/TPV3/Voices.php/2011/03/13/nuclear-meltdown-in-japan
Reuters said the 1995 Kobe quake caused $100 billion in damage, up to
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entire region. "It could be, literally, an apocalyptic event.

Advantage 2: Stability (1:15)

Arabian instability is building now—border escalation proves

Crooke 7-6

Alastair Crooke (Fmr. MI-6 agent; Author, ‘Resistance: The Essence of Islamic Revolution’), 7-6-2016, "Is Israel Preparing for War Against Hezbollah?," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/alastair-crooke/israel-war-hezbollah'b'10829902.html
BEIRUT — How does Israel read the Middle East these days? Few details on
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in this respect. Israel does not want Iranian troops at its border.

Israeli nuclear power escalates tensions—causes prolif

Abuzayyad ‘10

Ziad Abuzayyad. Volume 16. No 34. 2010. "Palestine-Israel Journal: The Nuclear Option and Peace in the Middle East," No Publication, http://www.pij.org/details.php?id=1264
The Middle East is a small region and, practically speaking, the geographic proximity
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will be heard more loudly if Iran gets away with its nuclear program.

Arabian prolif leads to nuclear war

Edelman ‘11

Edelman, 11 (Jan/Feb, Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments and Former U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy, Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67162/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/the-dangers-of-a-nuclear-iran)
There is, however, at least one state that could receive significant outside support
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Middle East could lead to a new Great Game, with unpredictable consequences. 

Advantage 3: Hamas

Hamas striking now—conflict likely to escalate—Hamas is determined

AP 8-21

Associated Press. 8-21-2016, "Palestinian rocket strikes Israel, drawing Israeli reprisal," Stars and Stripes,http://www.stripes.com/news/middle-east/palestinian-rocket-strikes-israel-drawing-israeli-reprisal-1.424873//KOHS-AG
JERUSALEM —The Israeli military carried out a series of airstrikes in the Gaza Strip
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destruction, would continue its struggle against Israel until "victory is achieved."

Empirics prove—Hamas wants to strike the Dimona reactor

Pollak ‘14

Joel B. Pollak,10 Jul 2014, "'Nuclear Terrorism': Hamas Targeting of Dimona Reactor Meets UN Definition," Breitbart, http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2014/07/10/nuclear-terrorism-hamas-targets-israel-s-dimona-reactor/
The terrorist group Hamas claimed late Wednesday that it attempted to target Israel’s nuclear reactor
AND
targets was Dimona. The hope is to destroy Israel through nuclear contamination.

Attacks on nuclear reactors are devastating—they’re equivalent to dirty bombs

PSR ‘16

~"Dirty, Dangerous And Expensive: The Truth About Nuclear Power". 2016.Psr.Org. Accessed August 8 2016. http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/resources/nuclear-power-factsheet.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/~~
In addition to the threat of nuclear materials, nuclear reactors are themselves potential terrorist
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-term deaths from cancer among individuals within 50 miles of the reactor. 

Nuclear attack causes extinction—miscalculation likely

Barrett et al ‘13

PhD in Engineering and Public Policy from Carnegie Mellon University, Fellow in the RAND Stanton Nuclear Security Fellows Program, and Director of Research at Global Catastrophic Risk Institute—AND Seth Baum, PhD in Geography from Pennsylvania State University, Research Scientist at the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, and Executive Director of Global Catastrophic Risk Institute—AND Kelly Hostetler, BS in Political Science from Columbia and Research Assistant at Global Catastrophic Risk Institute (Anthony, 24 June 2013, "Analyzing and Reducing the Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War Between the United States and Russia," Science and Global Security: The Technical Basis for Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation Initiatives, Volume 21, Issue 2, Taylor and Francis)
War involving significant fractions of the U.S. and Russian nuclear arsenals,
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, making one or both nations more likely to misinterpret events as attacks. 

Plan

Text

Plan Text: Israel ought to adopt Uzi Even’s proposal and prohibit nuclear power.

Silverstein ‘12

Richard Silverstein, 8-20-2012, "Leading Israeli Nuclear Scientist Proposing Closing Dimona in Return for Ending Iranian Nuke Program," Tikun Olam  תיקון עולם, http://www.richardsilverstein.com/2012/08/20/leading-israeli-nuclear-scientist-proposing-closing-dimona-in-return-for-ending-iranian-nuke-program/
Uzi Even, one of Israel’s leading nuclear scientists, proposed in an article in
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it moves the debate away from military force and toward a negotiated solution.

Solvency

Plan solves stability—

Removal of the Iranian threat is a palliative for Israel, while removal of Israeli nuclear power prevents Iran from reproliferating

Abuzayyad 2

Ziad Abuzayyad. Volume 16. No 34. 2010. "Palestine-Israel Journal: The Nuclear Option and Peace in the Middle East," No Publication, http://www.pij.org/details.php?id=1264
It is likely that Iran will proceed with its program, and the only thing
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nuclear capability. Achieving a comprehensive peace settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict

The nuclear deal will eventually expire—the aff is k2 long term peace

Abrams ‘15

Elliot Abrams 7/15,senior fellow for Middle Eastern studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, "Iran got a far better deal than it had any right to expect," National Review 2015.
Then, the United States conceded to Iran ~1~ the right to have
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negotiators sat in Vienna and Lausanne smiling across the table at John Kerry.

Plan spills over to Israel abolishing its entire nuclear arsenal while preventing terrorist attacks on facilities

Sleiman ‘10

Mounzer Sleiman (2010) Shutting down Dimona: Israel’s nuclear programme, arsenal and environmental threat, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 3:4, 437-479, DOI: 10.1080/17550912.2010.528203
Although Israel has an impressive (if unacknowledged) nuclear arsenal, it does not
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of these systems would actually encourage the countries to eliminate their WMD arsenals.

Existing nuclear weapons are outdated and futile—stopping escalation now is key

Sleiman ‘10

Mounzer Sleiman (2010) Shutting down Dimona: Israel’s nuclear programme, arsenal and environmental threat, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 3:4, 437-479, DOI: 10.1080/17550912.2010.528203
Given the current realities in the Arab Middle East, it can be seen that
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and they can also be used in more scenarios than can nuclear devices.

We create movements for environmental change

Sleiman ‘10

Mounzer Sleiman (2010) Shutting down Dimona: Israel’s nuclear programme, arsenal and environmental threat, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 3:4, 437-479, DOI: 10.1080/17550912.2010.528203
If nuclear weapons could be demonstrated to be unnecessary and be dismantled, the need
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be a first step towards solving the attendant environmental problems there and elsewhere.

Framework

Non-naturalist theories are epistemically inaccessible—reject abstractions

 Papineau ‘07
David Papineau, "Naturalism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007KOHS-AG
Moore took this argument to show that moral facts comprise a distinct species of non
AND
to see how we can ~we~ have any knowledge of them~?~.

Naturalism means util—phenomenal introspection means we can export our experience of pleasure to others

Sinhababu ‘13
Sinhababu, Neil. "The epistemic argument for hedonism." 2013. ~University of Singapore~KOHS-AG
To see how we can detect moral properties through phenomenal introspection, consider intense pain
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bright. This fits how we regard the intrinsic properties of phenomenal states.

The standard is maximizing expected well-being. Prefer—

Util is the only pragmatic option for policymakers—they can only look at macropolitical impacts

Goodin

Robert Goodin, Professor of Government, University of Essex, Australian National Defense University, "THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE," p. 141-2, 1990.
My larger argument turns on the proposition that there is Something special about the situation
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want to use it at all – to choose general rules or conduct.

No act-omission distinction for states—they are responsible for their consequences

Sunstein and Vermeule

Cass R. Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule, "Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? The Relevance of Life‐Life Tradeoffs." John M. Olin Law and Economics Working Paper No. 239 The Law School, The University of Chicago, March 2005KOHS-AG
In our view, any effort to distinguish between acts and omissions goes wrong by
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a set of policy instruments that do not adequately or fully discourage it.

Util calc is k2 moral equality

Cummiskey

Cummiskey, David. "Kantian consequentialism." Ethics (1990): 586-615. Published by Oxford University Press.KOHS-AG
We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice
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may never force another to bear some cost in order to benefit others.

Analytic
Analytic