Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
FB: Marie-Rose Sheinerman
Email: msheinerman28@gmail.com

I reserve the right to read anything on Nina Potischman's and Tammuz Frankel's wikis.

Tournament: Lex | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Highland Prep AA | Judge: Chris Kymn
In the world, when a subject encounters the Other for the first time, they have two options: apply their limited knowledge to inaccurately totalize them or acknowledge infinite alterity. First instinct is to reduce Other to objects in service of the subject.
Burrgraeve 99 Roger Burrgraeve. “Violence and the Vulnerable Face of the Other: The Vision of Emmanuel Levinas on Moral Evil and Our Responsibility.” Journal of Social Philosophy 30, no. 1 (1999): 29-45. TC
To make clear … by the other

However, the subject is forced to realize that there is an epistemic gap between their worldview, based only in their own experiences, and other knowledge. This recognition that they cannot truly comprehend the Other’s realities forces them to confront their responsibility to them.
Blum 2k Peter C. Blum. “Overcoming Relativism? Levinas’ Return to Platonism.” The Journal of Religious Ethics 28, no. 1 (2000): 91-117. TC
The experience of … answer for me

Thus, the standard is minimizing totalization of the Other. Prefer additionally:

1) Ethics is impossible without the AC framework. Ethics can only exist in relation to others. Totalization denies the infinite alterity of the other by causing a disconnect between your preconceived notions of someone and the actual being, thus rendering such normative guidelines meaningless.
Beavers 90 Anthony F. Beavers. “Introducing Levinas to Undergraduate Philosophers.” Undergraduate Philosophy Association at the University of Texas. 1990. Anthony Beavers is a professor of philosophy. TC
If we can … in itself, be unethical. 

2) Rejection of the Other’s alterity is the root cause of oppression and thus the framework is a prerequisite to analyzing critical roles of the ballot.
Loumansky 06 Amanda Loumansky. “Levinas and the Possibility of Justice.” Liverpool Law Review (2006). Loumansky is a Sessional Lecturer at the Faculty of Continuing Education, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK. TC
In fact the … against the Holocaust.

3) The resolution occurs in the context of state action since any laws prohibiting colleges from restricting free speech would stem from the state. And The state is bound by an unconditional obligation towards the Other.
Simmons 01 William Paul Simmons. “A Postmodern Anti-Foundational Foundation for Human Rights.” Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Political Science Association, New Orleans, LA, March 2001. Simmons is an Associate Professor of Gender and Women's Studies at the University of Arizona. TC
So, unconditional hospitality … anti-foundationalism and justice.

I defend the resolution on general principle. 

My thesis and sole contention is that restrictions of free speech on college campuses are a means of totalization.
A. Speech codes empirically empower the college administration to target student activists and categorize subjects and their rhetoric as “offensive” or “not offensive.”
ACLU 16 2016 "Hate Speech on Campus" https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus. DL 12.30.16
Historically, defamation laws … we'll be next.

B. Speech codes give the administration the power to determine what speech is and is not legitimate – this embodies totalization.
Welch 14 Benjamin M Welch, M.A. (PhD candidate at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln) “An Examination of University Speech Codes Constitutionality and their Impact on High-Level Discourse,” Theses from the College of Journalism and Mass Communication, August 2014. MR 12/23/16
The first prominent ... a further chapter. 

And U.S. Court of Appeals ruled public universities are direct arms of the state.
Judge Thomas Rose 15 District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, wrote the Opinion in the case of Christian Kreipke v WSU. Decided: December 4, 2015 http://www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/15a0285p-06.pdf MR 12/25/16
Ruling in WSU’s … under the FCA.

C. Negating enables colleges to treat the Others as means to their ends, thus reducing students to objects.   
Welch 14 Benjamin M Welch, M.A. (PhD candidate at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln) “An Examination of University Speech Codes Constitutionality and their Impact on High-Level Discourse,” Theses from the College of Journalism and Mass Communication, August 2014. MR 12/23/16
Simply put, … though perhaps extreme.

Tournament: Newark | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ridge SK | Judge: Preetham Chippada
The resolution is a question of whether universities should have the authority to restrict discourse. However, analysis of the power structures that control discourse and knowledge at universities must come before we can answer that question.
Krejsler 6 John Krejsler (Associate Professor, PhD @ The Danish University of Education, department of Educational Anthropology), “Universities, Truth Regimes, and Academics: Reflections on conditions for Academic’s Subject Construction,” Symposium: Education and Individualizing Technologies 03/07/2006 MR 12/25/16
The point of … research and/or teaching

Oppressive power structures force subjects to recreate the discourses that backup the rulers, thus creating bio-power.
Foucault 77 Michel, “Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings,” 1977 MR 12/24/16
Schematically, we can … effects of power. 

And, dominating power sustains by controlling knowledge and idea production through procedural “rules of exclusion” – method to combat is to expose these mechanisms.
Cataldi 4 summarizes Foucault Betty Jane Cataldi (B.A., M.A. from Ohio State University), “Foucault’s Discourse Theory and Methodology: An Application to Art Education Policy Discourse 1970-2000,” Dissertation for PhD from Ohio State University, 2004 MR 12/25/16
Foucault sees the … a political tool.

Next, US Court of Appeals ruled public universities are direct arms of the state.
Judge Thomas Rose 15 District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio, wrote the Opinion in the case of Christian Kreipke v WSU. Decided: December 4, 2015 http://www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/15a0285p-06.pdf MR 12/25/16
Ruling in WSU’s … under the FCA.

The state uses universities in crafting truth regimes – they are empirically the main producers of knowledge in society and the government is increasingly trying to control them.
Godin and Gingras 2k Benoit Godin, Yves Gingras, “The place of universities in the system of knowledge production,” Elsevier Research Policy 29 (2000), pp. 273-278 MR 12/25/16
Using the concept … and governments-laboratories.  

AND restrictions on free speech on campuses create and enforce regimes of truth.
Welch 14 Benjamin M Welch, M.A. (PhD candidate at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln) “An Examination of University Speech Codes Constitutionality and their Impact on High-Level Discourse,” Theses from the College of Journalism and Mass Communication, August 2014. MR 12/23/16
Simply put, university … though perhaps extreme.

Speech codes have functioned by depriving students of intellectual agency and relegating power of determining the legitimacy of knowledge to administrators.
Welch 2 Benjamin M Welch, M.A. (PhD candidate at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln) “An Examination of University Speech Codes Constitutionality and their Impact on High-Level Discourse,” Theses from the College of Journalism and Mass Communication, August 2014. MR 12/23/16
The first prominent … a further chapter. 

And speech codes empirically empower the college administration to target student activists who may try to expose their methods – not the racist students
ACLU 16 2016 "Hate Speech on Campus" https://www.aclu.org/other/hate-speech-campus. DL 12.30.16
Historically, defamation … we'll be next.

Thus, I affirm the resolution “Public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech on campuses.” The Aff is a method of denying college administration, and by extension, the government a monopoly over determining validity of ideas and thus sustaining oppressive power.  

The role of the ballot is to endorse the debater who best fulfills the role of the Foucaultian specific intellectual. 

The Foucaultian specific intellectual has obligations to resist the domination of structures that perpetuate orthodox knowledge and allow for all questions and viewpoints.
Gill 2k Stephen Gill (Professor of political science at York University) Questioning Geopolitics, p. 130-131 2000 MR 12/24/16
Too many intellectuals  … dilemmas of globalization. 

AND The role of the ballot precludes normative ethical frameworks -- Equal inclusion of subjugated knowledge is a prerequisite to answering ethical questions since exclusion allows for the arbitrary imposition of viewpoints that precludes access to normative truths.
Medina 11 Medina, J. (2011). Toward a Foucaultian Epistemology of Resistance: Counter-Memory, Epistemic Friction, and Guerrilla Pluralism. Foucault Studies, 1(12), 9–35.
The central goal … of forgotten struggles.

The role of intellectuals in academic spaces is not to discover objective truth, but to ensure that all of the oppressed are able to speak.  
Ali 12 Zulfiqar Ali, “Specific Intellectual, Modern Society and Change,” Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol 7 No 1 p.294-307 2012 (Bracketed for gendered language) MR 12/24/16
Foucault argues that … to working-class knowledge. 

And educators in academic spaces need to endorse polyvocal debate – specifically, the judge should be an inclusive educator concerned with including multiple perspectives and pedagogies in the debate round.
Koh and Niemi 15 Koh, Benjamin; Neimi, Rebar; “How Do I Reach These Kids? An Affirmation of Polyvocal Debate;” (September 15th, 2015); NSD Update, Respected people in the community; Retrieved January 27th, 2016; http://nsdupdate.com/2015/09/15/how-do-i-reach-these-kids-an-affirmation-of-polyvocal-debate-by-ben-koh-rebar-niemi/ ML
For as long … live among others.

Tournament: Yale | Round: Octas | Opponent: Syosset JW | Judge: Bob Overing, Cameron Cohen, Paul Zhou
Part 1 is the Status Quo

First, the nuclear power production industry disproportionately affects Native Americans.
Endres 1 Danielle Endres. “The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision.” Routledge. February 2009. Endres is an Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of Utah. TC
Uranium mining is … for lung cancer.

Corporations failed to warn of dangers of and placed uranium mines on Navajo land, leading to extreme health consequences.
Moore-Nall 1 Anita (professor at Montana State University in the Department of Earth Sciences), “The Legacy of Uranium Development on or Near Indian Reservations and Health Implications Rekindling Public Awareness,” Geosciences Review Vol 5 pp. 15-29 2015. MR 8/9/16 Bracketed for gendered language
The Navajo Nation … on the reservation. 

The systematic disenfranchisement of American Indian’s healthcare rights supercharges the impact
Fox 16 Maggie, “Care At Native American Health Facilities Called “Horrible and Unacceptable” at Senate Hearing,” NBC News February 3, 2016 MR 8/12/16
"The Centers for … care, critics say. "

Poverty in native communities was used by corporations to justify dumping nuclear waste on them
Brook 1 Daniel, “Environmental Genocide: Native Americans and Toxic Waste,” The American Journal of Economics and Sociology Vol 57 No 1 January 1998 https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-20538772/environmental-genocide-native-americans-and-toxic MR 8/11/16
One very significant … grants as well 

Part 2 is the History

The genocide on Natives never stopped, just started using different, more lethal tools.
Brook 2 Daniel, “Environmental Genocide: Native Americans and Toxic Waste,” The American Journal of Economics and Sociology Vol 57 No 1 January 1998 https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-20538772/environmental-genocide-native-americans-and-toxic MR 8/11/16
Genocide against Native … of Native Americans.

The history is buried in colonialism – nuclear industry is central to the modern version of it.
Endres 2 Danielle Endres. “The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision.” Routledge. February 2009. Endres is an Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of Utah. TC
The present form … of resource colonialism.

Part 3 is the Advocacy

United States and Canada will prohibit production of nuclear power on indigenous lands.
ICTMN 6 “Summit Declaration Demands Worldwide Ban on Uranium Mining,” http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2006/12/12/summit-declaration-demands-worldwide-ban-uranium-129280 MR 9/10/16
Individuals, tribes and … on indigenous lands. 

The plan is a method for reclaiming the sovereignty of indigenous people in North America and sparking coalitions and discussions – C.A.R.E. proves
Angel 91 Bradley, “The Toxic Threat to Indian Lands,” Green Action for Health and Environmental Justice, 1991. MR 8/23/16
Despite the desperate … and environmental groups. 

Pragmatically deconstructing hegemonic structures by engaging with government tools is key.
Kapoor 8, 2008 (Ilan, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, “The Postcolonial Politics of Development,” p. 138-139)
There are perhaps … deflect their claims.

Dakota pipeline ruling means current political environment perfect for change for Natives.
Healy and Schwartz 9/9/16 Jack, John, “U.S. Suspends Construction on Part of North Dakota Pipeline,” The New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/10/us/judge-approves-construction-of-oil-pipeline-in-north-dakota.html?_r=0 MR 9/10/16
The federal government … of infrastructure projects.” 

Part 4 is Framing

The role of the ballot is to endorse the debater who best methodologically deconstructs settler colonialism within the context of the resolution.
Kauanui 16 J Kehaulani, “A Structure, Not an Event: Settler Colonialism and Enduring Indigeneity,” Lateral: Journal of the Cultural Studies Association Issue 5.1, Spring 2016. MR
Why have few … land and rights. 

There are no bystanders with crimes against humanity – the role of the ballot is the only alternative to active colonialism.  
Churchill 3 WARD, PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES AT UNIVERSITY COLORADO - BOULDER. 2003, (ON THE JUSTICE OF ROOSTING CHIC KENS - REFLECTIONS ON THE CONSEQUENCES OF U.S. IMPERIAL ARROGANCE .AND CRIMINALITY, PP. 79-83
In light of … at a holocaust.

Discourse was a major tool in the USFG’s removal of Native American sovereignty – changing it is key.
Endres 3 Danielle Endres. “The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision.” Routledge. February 2009. Endres is an Assistant Professor of Communication at the University of Utah. TC
Despite the presence … of nuclear colonialism. 

The debate community has a responsibility to encourage arguments that enable debaters to be catalysts of positive change in the real world
Vincent 13 Chris Vincent, October 26th 2013, Re-Conceptualizing our Performances: Accountability in Lincoln Douglas Debate) MR
Until we re-conceptualize … community could have.

Proving an argument is true is insufficient – the debater must prove why this argument is important for us to believe and carry away with us.  
Koh and Niemi 15 Koh, Benjamin and Neimi, Rebar; “How Do I Reach These Kids? An Affirmation of Polyvocal Debate;” (September 15th, 2015); NSD Update, Respected people in the community; Retrieved January 27th, 2016; http://nsdupdate.com/2015/09/15/how-do-i-reach-these-kids-an-affirmation-of-polyvocal-debate-by-ben-koh-rebar-niemi/ MR
For as long … of better debating.