Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A: If the affirmative debater claims in the AC that they are willing to modify their advocacy in CX, they may not claim in the 1ar that CX is ambiguous since judges don’t flow it, so you ought to err aff on questions of what was said in CX.

A: debaters must disclose all broken positions (including ACs, NCs, DAs, CPs and Ks) on the NDCA LD 2016-2017 wiki under their own name, school, and correct side with cites, tags, the first three and the last three words of all cards read at least an hour before the round begins.

A: If debaters read theory spikes in the AC, they must disclose them on the NDCA LD 2016-2017 wiki under their own name at least an hour before the round. To clarify, a theory spike is a theoretical argument in the aff that has an interpretation and standards, that could potentially be extended as an offensive voting issue in the 1ar depending on the negative strategy.

A: If the affirmative debater believes that the negative debater failed to disclose a position on the NDCA wiki, then they must ask the affirmative debater before the round to put said position on the wiki, and only read theory if the affirmative debater refuses.

A: Debaters may not read theory shells in which the violation is a screenshot of a chat with another debater.

A: The affirmative debater must defend that either a single country bans the production of nuclear power, or defend the resolution as a general principle.

A: If the negative debater has nothing disclosed on the negative wiki, then they may not claim that it is unfair for the affirmative debater to read 1ar theory.

A: The affirmative debater must defend that either a single country bans the production of nuclear power, or defend the resolution as a general principle.

A: If the affirmative debater defends that only one country prohibits the production of nuclear power, then they may not read theoretical justifications for their standard. Rather, they must only read substantive framework justifications.

A: The affirmative debater may not read a science fiction story and ban the production of nuclear power in the world of their story

A: If the affirmative debater defends that only one country prohibits the production of nuclear power, then they may not read theoretical justifications for their standard. Rather, they must only read substantive framework justifications.

A: If the affirmative debater wants the negative debater to tell them previous 2nrs, then they must ask them before the round.

A: The affirmative debater may not read a science fiction story and ban the production of nuclear power in the world of their story

A: The affirmative debater must defend implementation of a policy in which colleges do not restrict constitutionally protected speech.

A: All affirmative spikes must be grammatically coherent.

A: The affirmative debater may not claim presumption ground, claim that you reject theory not weighed against side bias, and that aff gets rvis but neg does not get 2nr rvis

A: The affirmative debater may not claim that neg may not place necessary but insufficient burdens on the aff, and that neg theory is a reason to drop the argument while aff theory is a reason to drop the debater

A. Interpretation: the aff must defend the implementation of a policy on college campuses that removes restrictions on constitutionally protected speech

A. The affirmative debater must only defend removing restrictions of constitutionally protected speech.

Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: All
A: If the affirmative debater claims in the AC that they are willing to modify their advocacy in CX, they may not claim in the 1ar that CX is ambiguous since judges don’t flow it, so you ought to err aff on questions of what was said in CX.

A: debaters must disclose all broken positions (including ACs, NCs, DAs, CPs and Ks) on the NDCA LD 2016-2017 wiki under their own name, school, and correct side with cites, tags, the first three and the last three words of all cards read at least an hour before the round begins.

A: If debaters read theory spikes in the AC, they must disclose them on the NDCA LD 2016-2017 wiki under their own name at least an hour before the round. To clarify, a theory spike is a theoretical argument in the aff that has an interpretation and standards, that could potentially be extended as an offensive voting issue in the 1ar depending on the negative strategy.

A: If the affirmative debater believes that the negative debater failed to disclose a position on the NDCA wiki, then they must ask the affirmative debater before the round to put said position on the wiki, and only read theory if the affirmative debater refuses.

A: Debaters may not read theory shells in which the violation is a screenshot of a chat with another debater.

A: The affirmative debater must defend that either a single country bans the production of nuclear power, or defend the resolution as a general principle.

A: If the negative debater has nothing disclosed on the negative wiki, then they may not claim that it is unfair for the affirmative debater to read 1ar theory.

A: Debaters must specify an agent in the form of a text in the AC who takes the aff action.

A: if the affirmative debater reads an a priori in the aff, they may not put it in a spike about moral uncertainty. Rather, they must put it in a separate section explicitly labeled – independent reasons to vote aff. 

A: The affirmative debater may not claim presumption, claim that neg theory must be weighed against side bias, and claim that aff theory outweighs neg theory

A: The affirmative debater may not claim that aff abuse outweighs neg abuse, neg may only read turns to the aff if they read theory, and that aff gets RVIs on theory. 

A: If the affirmative debater claims that the negative debater must accept the aff choice of paradigm as contextualized in the ac, including the role of the ballot, then they must read a consequentialist standard. 

A: if the negative debater shows the affirmative their speech doc, and tells them the NC strategy, then the affirmative debater must tell the negative debater if there are interpretations they would like the negative to meet.

A: The affirmative debater must defend that either a single country bans the production of nuclear power, or defend the resolution as a general principle.

A: If the affirmative debater defends that only one country prohibits the production of nuclear power, then they may not read theoretical justifications for their standard. Rather, they must only read substantive framework justifications.

A: The affirmative debater may not read a science fiction story and ban the production of nuclear power in the world of their story

A: The affirmative debater may not include in their advocacy text that they affirm the resolution as an act against colonialism. To clarify, your advocacy can’t be: “Private colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech as an act against colonialism.”

A: If the affirmative debater claims that 1ar theory is drop the debater and that they get RVIs on neg theory, then they must grant neg RVIs on aff theory.

A: The affirmative debater may not read theoretical justifications for their standard and claim that theoretical justifications for standards come first

A: If the affirmative debater claims that they get 1ar theory, then they may not claim that the neg must gain offense from at most one unconditional route to the ballot.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Jong Hak Won | Judge: Rahul Gosain
A: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought to restrict speech that advocates for the rights of factory farmers to abuse animals in factory farming

Speech codes change social norms and solve for problematic mindsets
Gould 5, J. B. (2005). Speak No Evil : The Triumph of Hate Speech Regulation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. P 175-177.
Yet the very adoption of hate speech policies has influenced behavior on several campuses. This point was repeated to me by many administrators at the schools I visited, who reported the rise of a “culture of civility” that eschews, if not informally sanctions, hateful speech. “Don’t mistake symbolism for impotence,” they regularly reminded me. Symbols shape and reflect social meaning, providing cues to the community about the range of acceptable behavior. Adopting a hate speech policy, then, could have persuasive power even if it were rarely enforced. Consider the dean of students at a northeastern liberal arts college, who spoke proudly of her school’s hate speech policy. Had the policy been formally invoked, I asked. “Rarely,” she told me, but the measure “sets a standard on campus. It gives us something we can point our finger to in the catalog to remind students of the expectations and rights we all have in the community.” This sentiment was repeated by the president of a well-known institution, who claimed that “we didn’t set out to enforce the policy punitively but to use it as the basis for our educational efforts at respecting individuality.” Still another administrator admitted that, “while we’ve rarely used the policy formally, it does give support to students who believe their rights have been violated. They’ll come in for informal mediation and point to the policy as the reason for why the other person must stop harassing them.” Sociologists would call this process norm production—that symbolic measures can condition and order behavior without the actual implementation of punitive mechanisms.8 Hate speech policies set an expected standard of behavior on campus; college officials employ orientation sessions, extracurricular programs, and campus dialogue to inculcate and spread the message; and over time an expectation begins to take root that hate speech is unacceptable and should be prohibited. Of course, this mechanism makes regulation a self-policing exercise—colleges need not take formal or punitive action—but the effect is to perpetuate a collective norm that sees hate speech as undesirable and worthy of prohibition. Moreover, considering the iso-morphic tendencies of college administrators, the creation of speech poli-cies—or speech norms—at respected and prestigious institutions has a“trickle down” effect throughout academe. Again, sociologists would callthis process normative isomorphism, but most people know the phenome-non as “keeping up with the Joneses.”9If Harvard, Berkeley, or Brown pas-ses measures against hate speech, then institutions lower in the academicfood chain are likely to take note and follow suit. If prestigious institutionsadvance campus norms that eschew hate speech, then both peer and“wannabe” institutions are likely to consider and replicate such informalrules. Indeed, this is the very fear of FIRE and its compatriots—that if PCpolicies are not checked now, their message will spread throughout academeinfecting other campuses. What FIRE fails to say, but undoubtedly must bethinking, is that informal law and mass constitutionalism are at stake if the spread of speech regulation is not curbed. FIRE can hang its hat on R.A.V.,Doe, UWM Post, and the other court cases in which judges have overturned college hate speech policies, but as hate speech regulation continues to flour-ish on college campuses, informal speech norms are at stake throughout the larger bounds of civil society. APA (American Psychological Assoc.) Gould, J. B. (2005). Whatever one thinks of FIRE and its agenda, its supporters are like the old-fashioned fire brigade that excitedly shows up at a burning building only to toss paltry pails of water on the inferno. Hate speech regulation has already crossed the firebreak between academe and the rest of civil society and is well on its way toward acceptance in other influential institutions. The initial signs are found in surveys of incoming college freshmen. Shortly after R.A.V., researchers began asking new freshmen whether they believe that “colleges should prohibit racist/sexist speech on campus.”10In a 1993 survey, 58 per-cent of first-year students supported hate speech regulation, a number that has stayed steady and even grown a bit in the years following. By 1994, two-thirds of incoming freshmen approved of hate speech prohibitions, with more recent results leveling off around 60 percent.11Unfortunately, there are not similar surveys before 1993 to compare these results against, but it is a safe bet that support would have been minimal through the mid-1980s when the issue had not yet achieved salience. More to the point, the surveys show that support for speech regulation is achieved before students ever set foot on cam-pus. If, as the codes’ opponents claim, colleges are indoctrinating students in favor of speech regulation, the influence has reached beyond campus borders. New students are being socialized to this norm in society even before they at-tend college. So too, surveys of the general population show an increasing queasiness with hate speech and a greater willingness to regulate such expression pri-vately, especially when communicated over the Internet. In 1991, at the height of the speech code controversy, the CBS News/New York Times Poll asked the following question of American adults: Some universities have adopted codes of conduct under which students may be expelled for using derogatory language with respect to blacks, Jews, women, homosexuals and other groups of students. Which of the following comes closest to your view about this? A. Students who insult other students in this fashion should be subject to pun-ishment; or B. The Bill of Rights protects free speech for these students, and they should not be subject to punishment. Among respondents, 60 percent agreed that hate speech deserved punishment; only 32 percent believed that the Bill of Rights should protect such expression, with 8 percent undecided.1

Tournament: Lexington | Round: Semis | Opponent: Sekou Cisse | Judge: Paloma OConnor, Daniel Shatzkin, Sheryl Kaczmarek
CP Text: Public colleges and universities ought to only restrict student brand ambassador advertising, but impose no other restrictions on constitutionally protected speech.
The Supreme Court has long accepted that the First Amendment broadly protected commercial advertisement as speech. Johnson, Bruce E. H. Johnson, "Advertising and First Amendment overview." First Amendment Center. December 10, 2002. www.firstamendmentcenter.org/advertising-first-amendment-overview/. DL 1.8.2017
In the following
AND
on commercial speech.

Corporations commercialize everyday college life through brand ambassadors – turning students into walking advertisements that turn universities into marketplaces. Singer 11,
Natasha Singer. "On Campus, It's One Big Commercial." Business Day, The New York Times, September 10, 2011 www.nytimes.com/2011/09/11/business/at-colleges-the-marketers-are-everywhere.html. DL. 1/8/17
IT’S move-in
AND
following on Twitter. 

Student brand ambassadors commodify identity and reduces agency into mass-mediated interests – destroys the critical education purpose of universities. Giroux 02,
Giroux, H. A. (2002). Neoliberalism, corporate culture, and the promise of higher education: The university as a democratic public sphere. Harvard Educational Review, 72(4), 425-463. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/docview/212279730?accountid=10226. DL 1/8/17.
As the forces
AND
of profit-making. 

Commercial intrusion in high education destroys our ability to challenge corporate power. Giroux 2,
Giroux, H. A. (2002). Neoliberalism, corporate culture, and the promise of higher education: The university as a democratic public sphere. Harvard Educational Review, 72(4), 425-463. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/docview/212279730?accountid=10226. DL 1/8/17.
This sad and
AND
a better life."13

The AC flatly ignores that white supremacy is not the product of the agency of the white proletarian, but a tool of capital to divide labor.
Sawyer 72 Alan Sawyer “A Critique of “White Blindspot”: A Contribution to the Struggle against a Petty-Bourgeois Line on the Question of Working Class Unity” Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line 1972 https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/ncm-1/wbs-critique.htm
But what of
AND
the DEAL does.

Tournament: TOC | Round: Octas | Opponent: Evan Engel | Judge: Devane Murphy, Erik Legried, Jacob Nails
A. CP: Public Colleges and Universities in the United States ought to eliminate any athlete specific speech policies. 

The aff creates a “free speech exception” for college athletes where they can say what they want while everyone else follows rules, entrenching the mindset that everyone’s rules don’t apply to star athletes. This preferential normalizes violence and harms athletes.
GSD 15 The Foundation for Global Sports Development “THE CULTURE OF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT AMONG ATHLETES” March 3 2015 http://globalsportsdevelopment.org/culture-preferential-treatment-among-athletes/ JW
We see the
AND
necessarily illegal activities.

Preferential treatment ruins athlete’s lives and prevents valuable relationships. The aff ignores long term consequences.
GSD 15 The Foundation for Global Sports Development “THE CULTURE OF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT AMONG ATHLETES” March 3 2015 http://globalsportsdevelopment.org/culture-preferential-treatment-among-athletes/ JW
“In terms of
AND
develop as people.

This links directly to the concrete forms of exploitation outlined in the Van Rheenen evidence. Your evidence is specific, as long as there are double standards the problem perpetuates. Van Rheenen (your cite):
These racial hierarchies
AND
and intellectual weakness.

This double standard where athletes are denied the status of students creates s unique colonial exploitation and institutional corruption.
New 17. Jake New. "The 'Black Hole' of College Sports." February 9, 2017. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/02/09/baylor-not-alone-shielding-athletes-accused-misconduct-punishment
In May, Baylor’s
AND
a top priority.”

Tournament: Penn Round Robin | Round: 4 | Opponent: Walt Whitman XR | Judge: Pranav Reddy, Chetan Hertzig
Counterplan: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech, except for prohibiting the tobacco industry from sponsoring social events held by any organization that receives university funding.
Rigotti et al 05 Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, Susan E. Moran, MD, MSCE, and Henry Wechsler, PhD  “US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Use” American Journal of Public Health 2005 January; 95(1): 138–144 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449866/
Our findings have
AND
industry’s marketing strategies.

It competes—advertisement of commercial products is protected by the constitution.
US Courts “What Does Free Speech Mean?”  http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/what-does JW
The First Amendment states,
AND
U.S. 310 (1990).

Tobacco companies use social events at universities to promote smoking—causes more regular tobacco use.
Rigotti et al 05 Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, Susan E. Moran, MD, MSCE, and Henry Wechsler, PhD  “US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Use” American Journal of Public Health 2005 January; 95(1): 138–144 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449866/
Tobacco use among
AND
as regular smokers.

Empirics prove—college tobacco marketing increases the chance of tobacco use.
Rigotti et al 05 Nancy A. Rigotti, MD, Susan E. Moran, MD, MSCE, and Henry Wechsler, PhD  “US College Students’ Exposure to Tobacco Promotions: Prevalence and Association With Tobacco Use” American Journal of Public Health 2005 January; 95(1): 138–144 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449866/
To our knowledge,
AND
acute myeloid leukemia.

Tobacco Advertising exploits LGBTQ youth. Kulke 15,
Catherine Kulke. "'Freedom' and 'Choice': How Cigarette Companies Target the LGBTQ Community." Slate. July 16, 2015. www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2015/07/16/gays_and_smoking_how_tobacco_companies_target_queers.html
Now that no-smoking
AND
via LGBT Tobacco. 

The tobacco industry targets poor minority communities by coopting civil rights rhetoric. Tuckson 88,
Reed V. Tuckson, MD. Commissioner of Public Health, District of Columbia. "Race, Sex, Economics, and Tobacco Advertising." Journal of the National Medical Association, Vol. 81, No. 11. June 17, 1988. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2626111/pdf/jnma00905-0013.pdf
Where do the
AND
political campaign financing.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: Evanston HS | Judge: Dani Reyes, Becca Traber, Wesley Hu
1Ignore role of the ballots that say that we should view the debate round in terms of what makes it most useful is wrong -- the move to instrumentalize our thought is epistemic arrogance.
Justin W: (Justin W. “The Unpredictable Progress of Knowledge,” Dailynous. May 20, 2016FT)
The whole thing
AND
we really are.

Tournament: Lexington | Round: 6 | Opponent: Ari Azbel | Judge: Rahul Gosain
Ethics must recognize that loves are not arbitrary psychological states, but rather are directed moral attitudes which can be right or wrong. Ethical projects fundamentally attempt to unify emotions with those responses required by reason.
Lewis 1 British novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, and Christian apologist, employed at both Oxford and Cambridge “the Abolition of Man” 1943. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/lewis/abolition2.htm
This conception in
AND
here concerned with.   

Only Augustine’s focus on the ordered and hierarchal will can possibly unify the concept of personal identity. Freedom requires a division between desire and values, and only the Platonic/Augustinian renders that division coherent.
Gary Watson big deal philosopher on issues of free will. “Free Agency” in Oxford Readings in Philosophy: Free Will Second Edition. Originally from Journal of Philosophy1975.
Now it seems
AND
to have none. 

Thus, the standard is consistency with the Ordo Amoris, defined as correctly orienting our love and appreciation.

Hate speech undermines self-respect – three warrants.
Seglow 16, Jonathan. "Hate Speech, Dignity and Self-Respect." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19.5 (2016): 1103-1116.
With these points
AND
devalues individual worth.

Only self-love and self-respect can be a correct orientation towards the good
RAWLS (2) John Rawls the famous one A Theory of Justice, Revised Edition. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts pages 1971. 155-6
Furthermore, the public
AND
reciprocally self-supporting.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: Evanston HS | Judge: Dani Reyes, Becca Traber, Wesley Hu
Ethics must recognize that loves are not arbitrary psychological states, but rather are directed moral attitudes which can be right or wrong. Ethical projects fundamentally attempt to unify emotions with those responses required by reason.
Lewis 1 British novelist, poet, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian, and Christian apologist, employed at both Oxford and Cambridge “the Abolition of Man” 1943. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/lewis/abolition2.htm
This conception in
AND
not here concerned with.   

Until we recognize the underived and primary authority of the good no explanation can proceed -- only the Good can explain why there is something rather than nothing. Your attempt to identify the motivation to be ethical ignores the fact that the ethical is authoritative whether you recognize it or not.
Roberts, John Philosophy professor at FSU, specializes in Modern philosophy and the work of Cudworth, also a professor of Marshall Thompson, which is pretty cool. “Axiarchism and Selectors” Faith and Philosophy 31 (4):412-421 (2014)
And therein lies
AND
comparably difficult tasks.
  
Thus, the standard is consistency with the Ordo Amoris, defined as correctly orienting our love and appreciation.
Impact calc: A) Finding the correct orientation of love is hierarchical, not aggregative – if its wrong to betray three friends for money, it is equally wrong to betray a single friend for that price, B) Understanding the good is like understanding beauty. You look at some thing and can appreciate beauty, which develops as you understand aesthetics. Lack of explanation in the abstract does not undermine the existence of beauty.

The vegetative or plant based soul should not be the end of our activity, because it is the form of life furthest from the good. This is because the vegetative is at the lowest level of transcendence of mere matter, and thus furthest from occupying a position of universality and sharing in the good. Additionally, the vegetative soul is common to all animals and humans, and thus we fully pursue the good found in plants by focusing on humans, for all the good of the vegetative soul is equally found co-present in the rational soul.
Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologica. Question 78. 1485 http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1078.htm
I answer that,
AND
have said above (I:77:3 ad 4).

Tournament: Harvard Round Robin | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ari Azbel | Judge: Maddy Stevens, Jen Melin
Freedom of the will is not about the capacity for choice but about having something meaningful to choose – only through understanding and pursuing the Good can our choices become meaningful. This implies that moral development and understanding only occurs through the development and perfection of character.  
Murdoch 71, Iris. (Dame Jean Iris Murdoch DBE (/ˈmɜːrdɒk/; 15 July 1919 – 8 February 1999) was a British novelist and philosopher, best known for her novels about good and evil, sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious.) The Sovereignty of Good. Routledge. 1971. NP 1/31/17.
Let us now
AND
states of illusion.

Thus, the standard is consistency with the Ordo Amoris, defined as correctly orienting our love and appreciation.

Exposure to speech endorsing problematic concepts prevents the correct orientations towards the world – restricting speech is necessary to ensure agents’ wills aligns with their valuational system
Moles 6, Andrés. (Andres Moles read Philosophy at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) finishing in 2001, and received an MA in Philosophy and Social Theory (2003) and a PhD in Politics (2007) both at the University of Warwick.) Autonomy, Free Speech and Automatic Behaviour. Springer 2006. NP bracketed for gendered language
Mental contamination is
AND
less socially controlled.

Language informs the concepts we use to frame the world – problematic language corrupts ability to perceive the good
Murdoch 71, Iris. (Dame Jean Iris Murdoch DBE (/ˈmɜːrdɒk/; 15 July 1919 – 8 February 1999) was a British novelist and philosopher, best known for her novels about good and evil, sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious.) The Sovereignty of Good. Routledge. 1971. NP 1/31/17.
Let me suggest
AND
D but M. 

The appropriate response of a university to speech can not be to safeguard it unconditionally – it must be sacrificed to pursue the university’s appropriate objectives
Fish 94, Stanley Eugene. There's No Such Thing As Free Speech : And It's a Good Thing, Too. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost), EBSCOhost (accessed January 16, 2017). NP
Take the case
AND
its accidental features.

Open speech in spaces where young people are educated is antithetical to those purposes. Individuals are too easily influenced by prevailing opinion precluding its acquisition of virtue. Only by restricting the speech people are exposed to when learning allows virtues to be adequately instilled.
Plato basically the founder of western philosophy. The Republic: Book 6. Trans by G. M. A. Grube. Hackett Publishing Company Indianapolis. Aprox 380 BC.
Now, I think
AND
as they are?

Tournament: Harvard RR | Round: 6 | Opponent: Richard Cook | Judge: Daniel Lu, Paul Zhou
To act ethically, humans must unify their reasons with their values to properly orient themselves towards the good—educational institutions have an obligation to take explicit stances against unjust sentiments.
Lewis 43 The Abolition of Man 1943 https://archive.org/stream/TheAbolitionOfMan_229/C.s.Lewis-TheAbolitionOfMan_djvu.txt NP
But I doubt
AND
geldings be fruitful.

Thus, the standard is consistency with the Ordo Amoris, defined as correctly orienting our love and appreciation.

Mental contamination undermines these appropriate orientations – restricting speech is necessary to ensure agents’ wills aligns with their valuational system
Moles 6, Andrés. (Andres Moles read Philosophy at the National University of Mexico (UNAM) finishing in 2001, and received an MA in Philosophy and Social Theory (2003) and a PhD in Politics (2007) both at the University of Warwick.) Autonomy, Free Speech and Automatic Behaviour. Springer 2006. NP bracketed for gendered language
Mental contamination is
AND
less socially controlled.

Language is particularly important to the way we perceive the world—problematic words corrupt our understanding of the good.
Murdoch 71 Iris (Dame Jean Iris Murdoch DBE (/ˈmɜːrdɒk/; 15 July 1919 – 8 February 1999) was a British novelist and philosopher, best known for her novels about good and evil, sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious) The Sovereignty of Good. Routledge. 1971. NP 1/31/17
Let me suggest
AND
only D but M.

Tournament: Lexington | Round: 1 | Opponent: Success Academy AA | Judge: Kathy Wang
Individuals must be considered to have a right to property, otherwise it’s impossible to consider them as volitional
Kant, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16.
It is possible
AND
mine or yours.

The ability to lay claim to property rights necessitates the existence of a collective will that can have power over individuals
Kant 2, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16.
Bracketed for gendered language
When I declare
AND
a civil constitution.

Thus, the standard is consistency with the omnilateral will. Put away your generic Kant answers – the aff uses Kantian political philosophy, not moral philosophy.
RIPSTEIN : Arthur Ripstein. Force and Freedom, 2009.
In the same way, the Universal Principle of Right abstracts from the maxim on which a person acts, focusing instead on the purely external relation between agents. As a principle of inner determination, a person’s maxim is fundamental. But it has no bearing on the outer obligations that one embodied person owes another. I wrong you if I interfere with your rights, regardless of what maxim I act on, but I do not wrong you by acting on an immoral maxim unless I interfere with your person or property.43 

I contend that public entities have an obligation to restrict some constitutionally protected free speech.
First, hate speech relies on historical oppression, which obligates the state to intervene.
Varden 10 Helga Varden (Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois) “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” May 22nd 2010 Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World Volume 3 of the series AMINTAPHIL: The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice pp 39-55 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.10072F978-90-481-8999-1_4 JW
Kant’s distinction between
AND
of all citizens.

Tournament: Lexington | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harrison MZ | Judge: Wesley Hu
Individuals must be considered to have a right to property, otherwise it’s impossible to consider them as volitional
Kant, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16.
It is possible
AND
mine or yours.

The ability to lay claim to property rights necessitates the existence of a collective will that can have power over individuals
Kant 2, Immanuel. Kant: The Metaphysics of Morals (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy) 2nd Edition. by Immanuel Kant (Author, philosopher), Mary J. Gregor (Editor), Roger J. Sullivan (Introduction). Cambridge University Press 1996. 1797. NP 8/2/16.
Bracketed for gendered language
When I declare
AND
a civil constitution.

Thus, the standard is consistency with the omnilateral will. Put away your generic Kant answers – the aff uses Kantian political philosophy, not moral philosophy.
RIPSTEIN :
In the same
AND
person or property.43 

I contend that public entities have an obligation to restrict some constitutionally protected free speech.
First, speech acts that intend to incite revolution dissolve the authority of the sovereign and must be prohibited.
Varden 10 Helga Varden (Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois) “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” May 22nd 2010 Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World Volume 3 of the series AMINTAPHIL: The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice pp 39-55 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.10072F978-90-481-8999-1_4 JW
To understand Kant’s
AND
a public crime (6: 331).

Second, hate speech relies on historical oppression, which obligates the state to intervene.
Varden 10 Helga Varden (Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois) “A Kantian Conception of Free Speech” May 22nd 2010 Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World Volume 3 of the series AMINTAPHIL: The Philosophical Foundations of Law and Justice pp 39-55 http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.10072F978-90-481-8999-1_4 JW
Kant’s distinction between
AND
of all citizens.

Tournament: TOC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Ishan Bhatt | Judge: Chris Castillo
Prior to assessing the benefits of free speech we must determine how to make that assessment. Determining how to reach knowledge is a prior question.  
Woods, Jay and Roberts, Bob 10. Intellectual Virtues: An Essay in Regulative Epistemology (Advances in Cognitive Models and Arch). January 4, 2010. January 4, 2010. 1
The triviality of
AND
accepted for themselves. 

The standard is consistency with virtuous decision making. 

The affirmative endorses one action for all public colleges and universities. This destroys space for experimentation and assumes we are epistemically situated to make a judgement about every school. Negating is thus a recognition of our own epistemic humility.
Posner 16. Eric Posner, 1-8-2016, "Campus Free Speech Problems Are Less Than Meets the Eye," Cato Unbound, https://www.cato-unbound.org/2016/01/08/eric-posner/campus-free-speech-problems-are-less-meets-eye, accessed 3-8-2017. NP
The intellectual basis
AND
of the question.

Further, this links directly to the standard because acting in accordance with epistemic humility is a primary epistemic virtue.  
Woods, Jay and Roberts, Bob 10 2. Intellectual Virtues: An Essay in Regulative Epistemology (Advances in Cognitive Models and Arch). January 4, 2010. January 4, 2010. 1
Our thesis is
AND
his own views’’.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: Triples | Opponent: Evanston HS | Judge: Dani Reyes, Becca Traber, Wesley Hu
A. Interpretation: the affirmative must only defend the desirability of a policy that removes all speech codes on college campus that restrict constitutionally protected speech
B:
C:
Textuality
Any means any amount irrespective of specific qualities
CED 14 Collins English Dictionary Complete and Unabridged, “any” 12th Edition 2014 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/any JW
one, some, or
AND
clothes you like.

Restrict means to confine within bounds.
Merriam Webster “restrict https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/restrict JW
Definition of restrict
AND
restrain 2

Constitutionally protected speech is a set of rights guaranteed by the 1st amendment.
US Courts “What Does Free Speech Mean?”  http://www.uscourts.gov/about-federal-courts/educational-resources/about-educational-outreach/activity-resources/what-does JW
The First Amendment
AND
Morse v. Frederick,  U.S.  (2007).

Tournament: TOC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Jong Hak Won | Judge: Rahul Gosain
A: The phrase ‘constitutionally protected speech’ is intensional – appealing to the sense of resolution, not extensional appealing to reference of the resolution.
Goldsworthy 09 explains, Jeffrey. “Constitutional Interpretation: Originalism.” Philosophy Compass 4/4 (2009): 682–702.
The fourth way
AND
having been altered.

B:

C:

1. Common Usage and interpretive clarity. Coherent discussions of the value of constitutional provisions for the sake of clarity must appeal back to a grounding in the ‘sense’ of constitutional protection.
   Green 05, Christopher. “Originalism and the Sense-Reference Distinction” Saint Louis University Law Journal. 555-627.
   I cannot here
   AND
   accomplish this task.36

2. Legal Precision. The intensional reading of constitutional protection best accounts for the legal consensus on constitutional terminology.
Green 05, Christopher. “Originalism and the Sense-Reference Distinction” Saint Louis University Law Journal. 555-627.
The Theory of
AND
of South Carolina.

Precision is a gateway to assessing what forms of predictability are admissible.
Jake Nebel Rhodes scholar and TOC semi-finalist – currently at Oxford and graduated from Princeton “Jake Nebel on Specifying Just Governments.” http://vbriefly.com/2014/12/19/jake-nebel-on-specifying-just-governments/ This is good
AND
a later article.)

Tournament: Valley | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Grant Brown | Judge: Salim Damerdji, Preetham Chippada, Jack Ave
A: CP – The people in Grant’s story should continue to experiment with nuclear power

All inquiry starts with a purpose - the ultimate end of thought is the production of belief and the satisfaction of doubt. Ethics is thus aimed at practical ends.
C. S. Peirce. “How to Make Our Ideas Clear (1878).” The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 1 (1867-1893. Edited by Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Indian University Press. 124-142  
The principles set
AND
of the object.

All fields of knowledge, including moral knowledge, are still constrained by the general procedure of pragmatic inquiry.
John Dewey 1. “The Problem of Logical Subject Matter.” 1938 From Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. The Essential Dewey: Ethics, Logic, Psychology. Volume 2. Edited by Hickman and Alexander. Indian University Press. 157-169.
The word knowledge
AND
in further inquiry.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge VK | Judge: Pregasen
Counterplan: the United States federal government will develop long-term geological nuclear waste repositories and enter into a consent-based decision-making process with indigenous communities for siting nuclear waste management facilities.
Orr 15 Franklin (Under Secretary for Science and Energy) “Finding Long-Term Solutions for Nuclear Waste” December 21 2015 Department of Energy http://www.energy.gov/articles/finding-long-term-solutions-nuclear-waste
Today, the Department
AND
need your help.

Solves case – waste depositories minimize negative effects while giving communities a say.
Orr 15 Franklin (Under Secretary for Science and Energy) “Finding Long-Term Solutions for Nuclear Waste” December 21 2015 Department of Energy http://www.energy.gov/articles/finding-long-term-solutions-nuclear-waste
Our strategy for
AND
in the future.

Geological depositories solve the aff.
Leon et al 1 Cynthia Picot (Nuclear Energy Agency Chief of Cabinet, Head of the Central Secretariat, External Relations and Public Affairs), Hans Riotte (Head of the Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management Division at the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). Holds a PhD in nuclear physics), and Jorge Lang-Lenton Leon (Director of Communication, ENRESA), “Sustainable solutions for radioactive waste”, OECD Observer, 2001, http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/531/Sustainable_solutions_for_radioactive_waste.html
Nuclear energy could
AND
which people live.

Solves case – tribes are demanding waste facilities not removal of waste altogether.
United Business Media 07, PR Newswire, “Minnesota Indian Tribe Calls on Congress to Solve Nuclear Waste Crisis Before Embracing New Era of Nuclear Power”, 2007, http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/minnesota-indian-tribe-calls-on-congress-to-solve-nuclear-waste-crisis-before-embracing-new-era-of-nuclear-power-58984012.html)
WASHINGTON, Oct. 31 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- A Minnesota Indian
AND
million from Minnesotans.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ft Lauderdale JF | Judge: Neha Pai
A: CP – The United States Federal Government ought to have initiated the Manhattan project, but then decided not to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Tournament: Valley | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Grant Brown | Judge: Salim Damerdji, Preetham Chippada, Jack Ave
A: CP – Mother nature ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power for everyone, except for Jane.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ft Lauderdale JF | Judge: Neha Pai
A: CP – The United States Federal Government ought to have initiated the Manhattan project, but have abandoned plans to make atomic weapons, and solely permitted civilian production of nuclear power.

Countries require reliable energy to meet base-load capacity – a nuclear energy ban only leads to reliance on coal - other fuels aren’t viable
Bosselman 7, Fred. (Professor of Law Emeritus, Chicago-Kent College of Law. Professor Bosselman is not affiliated with any company or agency that promotes nuclear power.) THE ECOLOGICAL ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER. 3/15/2007. NP 8/24/16.
This article concentrates
AND
base-load needs.

The coal industry is built on racism
Aronoff 16. Kate Aronoff, (Kate Aronoff is a Brooklyn-based freelance writer, the Communications Coordinator for the New Economy Coalition, and a co-founder of the Fossil Fuel Divestment Student Network. Her writing has appeared in The Nation, The American Prospect, Dissent and The New York Times.)  5-20-2016, "Racism from above in Appalachia," Waging Nonviolence, http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/racism-from-above-in-appalachia/, accessed 9-7-2016. NP
In many parts
AND
poolrooms and theaters.”

Tournament: Valley | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Grant Brown | Judge: Salim Damerdji, Preetham Chippada, Jack Ave
A: CP  - Mother nature ought to punish the individuals by continuing the production of nuclear power

Tournament: Yale | Round: 6 | Opponent: Matt Goffman | Judge: Bob Overing
CP: North Korea ought to sign the NPT, and dismantle it’s nuclear weapons program in an irreversible manner.
UN Security Counsel. "UN Security Council Resolutions on North Korea," No Publication, https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/UN-Security-Council-Resolutions-on-North-Korea, accessed 9-17-2016
The United Nations
AND
in April 2009.

Tournament: Bronx RR | Round: 7 | Opponent: Ari Azbel | Judge: Tripathy, McGinnis
Coal is worse: horrible for minority communities and lower-income areas. Israel 12 summarizes an NAACP report. Coal plants smothering communities of color, report finds By Brett Israel (Scientific American Environmental Health Contributor) The Daily Climate http://www.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2012/11/coal-power-injustice Nov 26, 2012 NS 8/26/12
Coal plants place
AND
to the report.

Tournament: Valley RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pyda | Judge: Carlson, Casas
Effective space ex is only possible with nuclear power.
Newhall 15 Marissa (Director of Digital Strategy and Communications) “History of Space Nuclear Power” June 9th 2015 http://energy.gov/articles/history-nuclear-power-space JW
You may not
AND
power plant reactors.

Key to mars exploration
Rudo 3: Nuclear Propulsion and What It Means to Space Exploration STANDARD END written by Brian Rudo on March 05, 2003 http://www.redcolony.com/art.php?id=0303050#Nuclear_Propulsion_and_What_It_Means_to_Space_Exploration
Also at times
AND
nuclear thermal propulsion.

Preserving the ability to colonize space outweighs every other impact – 10^14 human lives are lost every second we delay.
Bostrom 3 Nick (Swedish philosopher at the University of Oxford known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, superintelligence risks, the reversal test, and consequentialism) “Astronomical Waste: The Opportunity Cost of Delayed Technological Development” Utilitas Vol. 15, No. 3 (2003): pp. 308-314 http://www.nickbostrom.com/astronomical/waste.html JW
I. THE RATE OF
AND
of utilitarian payoff.

Extinction’s inevitable on earth – space col solves multiple existential threats.
Davies 10 Dirk Schulze-Makuch (School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University) and Paul Davies (Beyond Center, Arizona State University) “To Boldly Go: A One-Way Human Mission to Mars” Journal of Cosmology, 2010, Vol 12, 3619-3626. http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars108.html JW
There are several
AND
chemical rocket technology.

Extinction is inevitable on earth.
Kaplan 15 Sarah (reporter for Washington Post) “Earth is on brink of a sixth mass extinction, scientists say, and it’s humans’ fault” Washington Post June 22nd 2015 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2015/06/22/the-earth-is-on-the-brink-of-a-sixth-mass-extinction-scientists-say-and-its-humans-fault/ JW
A vast chunk
AND
many biodiversity benefits.”

Mars colonization is possible – the resources are there and the environment is suitable
Hender 10 – University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering (Matthew “Colonization: a permanent habitat for the colonization of Mars” http://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/61315
It has been
AND
production of food. 

We can terraform Mars
Hawkes 92 (Nigel, writer at The London Times, The London times, January 25, “Planet X marks the spot”, lexis)
Thanks to the
AND
plants could flourish.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Ridge VK | Judge: Pregasen
The plan causes a shift to fossil fuels – renewables can’t provide all our energy so nuclear acts as a substitute.
Bosselman 9 Fred P. (Professor of Law Emeritus, Chicago-Kent College of Law) “The Ecological Advantages of Nuclear Power” 15 N.Y.U. Envtl. L.J. 1 (2009) http://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1728andcontext=fac_schol JW
This article concentrates
AND
under unusual circumstances.

Coal destroys native environments, economies, livelihoods, and culture
Peeples 14 summarizes, Lynne, 1-30-2014, "Coal-Hungry World Brings Tough Choices For Native Americans," Huffington Post,http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/30/northwest-coal-exports_n_4611021.html, accessed 9-7-2016. NP
Inside a ceremonial
AND
of the world.”  

Environmental harm from coal outweighs – it’s as radioactive as pollution from nuclear facilities, but lasts much longer.
Cocks 9 Franklin Hadley. (Professor with Tenure in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science at Duke University.He recently published Energy Demand and Climate Change: Issues and Resolutions,) Energy Demand and Climate Change: Issues and Resolutions. Franklin Hadley Cocks © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 978-3-527-32446-0. NP 8/8/16
Major waste products
AND
last for eons.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 3 | Opponent: Derek Zhang | Judge: Terrence Lonam
Countries require reliable energy to meet base-load capacity – a nuclear energy ban only leads to reliance on coal - other fuels aren’t viable
Bosselman 7, Fred. (Professor of Law Emeritus, Chicago-Kent College of Law. Professor Bosselman is not affiliated with any company or agency that promotes nuclear power.) THE ECOLOGICAL ADVANTAGES OF NUCLEAR POWER. 3/15/2007. NP 8/24/16.
This article concentrates
AND
under unusual circumstances.

This outweighs on probability - shutting down nuclear power has led to spikes in use of fossil fuels – that’s more likely then reliance on renewables
Adler 16. Ben Adler, (Ben Adler covers environmental policy and politics for Grist, with a focus on climate change, energy, and cities.) 3-30-2016, "Bernie Sanders wants to phase out nuclear power plants. Is that a good idea?," Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/bernie-sanders-nuclear-power-plants-442453, accessed 9-8-2016. NP
Sanders’ own climate
AND
increased CO2 emissions.  

The coal industry is horribly exploitative and unsafe—it’s corrupt to lower prices to meet international energy markets.
Clark 14. Poor Working Conditions Continue To Plague Coal-Producing Developing Countries BY MEAGAN CLARK(staff reporter) 05/14/14 AT 3:21 PM http://www.ibtimes.com/poor-working-conditions-continue-plague-coal-producing-developing-countries-1584359 IB Times NS 8/27
Coal miners around
AND
Studies report concluded.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 6 | Opponent: Matt Goffman | Judge: Bob Overing
Nuclear power is key to green growth in South Korea, which is a huge emitter
Kosch 13. Jill Kosch, 2013, "Nuclear Power in South Korea’s Green Growth Strategy," Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/south-korea/nuclear-power-south-koreas-green-growth-strategy/p31030, accessed 9-17-2016
Nuclear power has
AND
expand nuclear power.  

Warming causes extinction and adaptation can’t solve
Snow and Hannam 14
Cites Helen Berry, associate dean in the faculty of health at the University of Canberra, and co-authors Tony McMichael, of the Australian National University, and Colin Butler, of the University of Canberra. Deborah Snow and Peter Hannam (staff writers). “Climate change could make humans extinct, warns health expert.” Sydney Morning Herald. March 31st, 2014. http://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/climate-change-could-make-humans-extinct-warns-health-expert-20140330-35rus.html
The Earth is
AND
the report said.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: Doubles | Opponent: TJ Foley | Judge: Nathan Cha
Taiwan’s economy is close to failing but safe now.
Yi-chu and Huang 9/5 Tsai Yi-chu and Frances Huang “UBS: Taiwan economy faces hard road to clear recovery in short term” September 5th 2016 Focus Taiwan News Channel http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201609050013.aspx JW
Taipei, Sept. 5 (CNA) It will be ... a 1.06 percent increase.

Lack of domestic energy production in Taiwan is spurring an energy crisis that will damage the economy.
Liao and Jhou 13 Huei-Chu Liao and Sih Ting Jhou “Taiwan’s Severe Energy Security Challenges” Brookings September 12th 2013 https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/taiwans-severe-energy-security-challenges/ JW
A brawl among ...crisis for Taiwan.

Taiwan needs nuclear power- otherwise they won’t have any reliable sources of energy.
Shapiro 13 Don “Taiwan Economy: Near-term Uptick, Longer-term Challenges” Brookings March 11th 2013 https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/taiwan-economy-near-term-uptick-longer-term-challenges/ JW
The issue of ... Taiwan industry’s competitiveness.

Taiwan’s economy is key to innovative solutions to climate change.
Michelle Winglee 15, Researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 12/2/2015, “No Seat at the Table: Taiwan and the Global Fight Against Climate Change”, http://thediplomat.com/2015/12/no-seat-at-the-table-taiwan-and-the-global-fight-against-climate-change/
As over 150 ... international climate talks.

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and causes extinction.
Jamail 15 Dahr “Mass Extinction: It's the End of the World as We Know It” July 6 2015 Truthout http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/31661-mass-extinction-it-s-the-end-of-the-world-as-we-know-it JW
Guy McPherson is ... or even sooner.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 6 | Opponent: Matt Goffman | Judge: Bob Overing
All inquiry starts with a purpose - the ultimate end of thought is the production of belief and the satisfaction of doubt. Ethics is thus aimed at practical ends.
C. S. Peirce. “How to Make Our Ideas Clear (1878).” The Essential Peirce: Selected Philosophical Writings. Volume 1 (1867-1893. Edited by Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel. Indian University Press. 124-142  
The principles set
AND
of the object.

All fields of knowledge, including moral knowledge, are still constrained by the general procedure of pragmatic inquiry.
John Dewey 1. “The Problem of Logical Subject Matter.” 1938 From Logic: The Theory of Inquiry. The Essential Dewey: Ethics, Logic, Psychology. Volume 2. Edited by Hickman and Alexander. Indian University Press. 157-169.
The word knowledge
AND
in further inquiry.

Thus, the standard is consistency with the methodological constraints of social inquiry.  Impact calculus: a. the standard is not util – it does not say that we only care about the consequences of a certain action, rather it’s a theory of how certain consequences relate to our notion of truth. The rules of scientific inquiry are a constraint on our pursuit of certain consequences, b. non-absolutism is key to finding truth – the pragmatic solution to a given problem varies based on situation. 

Understanding nuclear energy from the standpoint of social experimentation is inconsistent with the logic of a ‘ban.’ The very notion of banning the technology miss-frames the debate in a way incompatible with pragmatic social experimentation.
Van de Poel 15. The Ethics of Nuclear Energy: Risk, Justice, and Democracy in the post-Fukushima Era. Ibo van de Poel. (Ibo van de Poel is Anthoni van Leeuwenhoek Professor in Ethics and Technology at Delft University of Technology. His research focuses on new technologies as social experiments, values in engineering design, moral responsibility, responsible innovation, engineering ethics, risk ethics, and the ethics of newly emerging technologies like nanotechnology. He is co-editor of theHandbook of Philosophy of Technology and the Engineering Sciences (Elsevier, 2009), Philosophy and Engineering (Springer, 2010), Moral Responsibility. Beyond Free Will And Determinism (Springer, 2011) and co-author of Ethics, Engineering and Technology (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011). He is also a co-editor of the Springer book series in the Philosophy of Engineering and Technology.
Shifting the moral
AND
with nuclear energy.

And this experimental attitude is necessary to reconcile with the philosophical tradition of pragmatism. The changing landscape around energy renders absolutist solutions, such as  a ban, this early in our technological understanding utterly misplaced as a form of social decision making methodology.
Van de Poel 15. The Ethics of Nuclear Energy: Risk, Justice, and Democracy in the post-Fukushima Era. Ibo van de Poel. (Ibo van de Poel is Anthoni van Leeuwenhoek Professor in Ethics and Technology at Delft University of Technology. His research focuses on new technologies as social experiments, values in engineering design, moral responsibility, responsible innovation, engineering ethics, risk ethics, and the ethics of newly emerging technologies like nanotechnology. He is co-editor of theHandbook of Philosophy of Technology and the Engineering Sciences (Elsevier, 2009), Philosophy and Engineering (Springer, 2010), Moral Responsibility. Beyond Free Will And Determinism (Springer, 2011) and co-author of Ethics, Engineering and Technology (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011). He is also a co-editor of the Springer book series in the Philosophy of Engineering and Technology.
Moral learning and
AND
the moral debate.

Tournament: Valley RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pyda | Judge: Carlson, Casas
A: Nuclear power production is the set of processes that make up the nuclear fuel cycle. This includes uranium mining.
NWTRB. U.S. NUCLEAR WASTE TECHNICAL REVIEW BOARD. URANIUM SUPPLY AND DEMAND. http://www.nwtrb.gov/facts/uranium.pdf
The nuclear fuel
AND
the fuel cycle.

Tournament: Bronx RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: TJ Foley | Judge: Sigalow, Nebel
A. Interpretation: the aff must defend the implementation of a prohibition on the production of nuclear power as a policy action.

B:

C:
“Resolved” means enactment of a law.
Words and Phrases 64 Words and Phrases Permanent Edition (Multi-volume set of judicial definitions). “Resolved”. 1964.
Definition of the
AND
“to establish by law”.

Merriam Webster defines “country”
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/country
an area of
AND
its own government

“Prohibit” means legal enforcement
Dictionary.com http://www.dictionary.com/browse/prohibit
to forbid (an
AND
authority or law:

Nuclear power is a form of energy production regulated by governments through laws.
West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Nuclear+Power
A form of
AND
at nuclear facilities.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 2 | Opponent: Ft Lauderdale JF | Judge: Neha Pai
A: The affirmative debater must defend the present enactment of a ban of nuclear power.  
J⊘rgensen 8.  ‘Ought’. Present or past tense? 1 Erik J⊘rgensen. Pages 550-554 | Published online: 13 Aug 2008. NP 9/14/16.
Most linguists seem
AND
observations made below.