Tournament: Anyone | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge: Anyone
If I haven't disclosed which is highly unlikely, ask me before our round and I'll be more than happy to inform you. If you have any questions, concerns, feel free to contact me at lalanidebate@gmail.com

I disclose on behalf of the Hebron High School LD team so whoever you hit most probably runs the same things as me.

Tournament: Anyone | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge: Anyone

Consequentialism FW

The standard is consequentialism.

First, reductionism.

Brain studies prove personal identity doesn't exist.

Parfit 84 Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). – Hebron AL
Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human
AND
, and can receive two different answers written by this person's two hands.

In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter

Shoemaker 99 Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). "Utilitarianism and Personal Identity." The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf - Hebron AL
Extreme reductionism might lend support to utilitarianism in the following way. Many people claim
AND
, would be the most plausible. Utilitarianism is just such a theory.

Second, moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first under any moral system.

Bostrom 1 Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University ~ Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor – Hebron AL
~Brackets for clarity~ These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~s~ an
AND
to increase the probability that the future will contain a lot of value.

Third, respect for human worth would justify util.

Cummiskey 90 Cummiskey, David. Associate professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. "Kantian Consequentiaism." Ethics 100 (April 1990), University of Chicago. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381810 - Hebron AL
We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice
AND
a fundamental equality that dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake

Fourth, governments have a specific obligation to be utilitarian.

Woller 97 BYU Prof., "An Overview by Gary Woller", A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10 – Hebron AL
~Brackets for clarity~ Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of
AND
regulatory unreasonableness while failing to adequately address the problem or actually making it worse

Fifth, universalizability justifies util.

Singer 93 Peter Singer, "Practical Ethics," Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 13-14 – Hebron AL
The universal aspect of ethics, I suggest, does provide a persuasive, although
AND
the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected.

Tournament: Anyone | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge: Anyone

Structural Violence FW

Resisting Structural Violence has to come first in debate round.

Wise 8 Tim Wise 8 (Race Relations Specialist, Activst, Orator), White Like Me, 2008   96 - 97 – Hebron AL
Until the voices of economically and racially marginalized persons are given equal weight in debate
AND
desperately need to listen to those who live without the luxury of blinders. 

First, structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed.

Winter and Leighton 99, Deborah DuNann Winter (Psychologist) and Dana C. Leighton (PhD at University of Arkansas), 2009, "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." – Hebron AL
Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
AND
local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.

Second, debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.

Curry 14, Dr. Tommy J. Curry (Professor at AandM), 1/2-2014, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century, "Victory Briefs – Hebron AL
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
AND
used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.

Tournament: Anyone | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge: Anyone

Theory Deterrence UV

1. Don't vote on presumption or permissibility because human fallibility means there's always a non-zero risk of offense. If you do presume, then presume aff to offset 7-4-6-3 time skew and the 8 neg bias last year  and at the TOC specifically  which impact turn his shells. TOC stats come first; they account for time skew, highest level, and all other factors to determine net effect, and analytics get overstated by debaters to win rounds.

2. Neg burden is to win offense to a post-fiat advocacy. Offense-defense is key to fairness and real world education.

Nelson 8 Adam F. Nelson, J.D.1. Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 2008. – Hebron AS
And the truth-statement model of the resolution imposes an absolute burden of proof
AND
know how the various options affect us and the world we live in.

3. The neg must defend one unconditional advocacy. Conditionality is bad because it makes the neg a moving target which kills 1AR strategy. He'll kick it if I cover it and extend it if I undercover it, meaning I have no strategic options. Also, it's unreciprocal because I can't kick the AC.

4. Err aff against theory. Intervention's inevitable in blippy theory debates. Gut checking minimizes it long term by reducing the number of debates resolved on blippy, dropped spikes. I'm reading a stock aff at the core of the lit, and it's on the wiki.

5. Independently, voting on theory encourages more frivolous theory in future rounds which crowds out topic education. Any aff abuse must be weighed against this innate DA to theory, which sets a non-arbitrary brightline for reasonability.

Tournament: Anyone | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge: Anyone

Utilitarianism FW

The standard is maximizing utility.

First, reductionism.

Brain studies prove personal identity doesn't exist.

Parfit 84 Derek Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984). – Hebron AL
Some recent medical cases provide striking evidence in favour of the Reductionist View. Human
AND
, and can receive two different answers written by this person's two hands.

In the absence of personal identity, only end states can matter

Shoemaker 99 Shoemaker, David (Dept of Philosophy, U Memphis). "Utilitarianism and Personal Identity." The Journal of Value Inquiry 33: 183–199, 1999. http://www.csun.edu/~~ds56723/jvipaper.pdf - Hebron AL
Extreme reductionism might lend support to utilitarianism in the following way. Many people claim
AND
, would be the most plausible. Utilitarianism is just such a theory.

Second, moral uncertainty means that extinction comes first under any moral system.

Bostrom 1 Nick Bostrom, 2001 prof of Philosophy, Oxford University ~ Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002. First version: 2001 March, JStor – Hebron AL
~Brackets for clarity~ These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~s~ an
AND
to increase the probability that the future will contain a lot of value.

Third, respect for human worth would justify util.

Cummiskey 90 Cummiskey, David. Associate professor of philosophy at the University of Chicago. "Kantian Consequentiaism." Ethics 100 (April 1990), University of Chicago. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381810 - Hebron AL
We must not obscure the issue by characterizing this type of case as the sacrifice
AND
a fundamental equality that dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake

Fourth, the very nature of the US government is to maximize utility.

Abraham Lincoln 1864 Lincoln, Abraham (16^th President of the US, Solid beard, Stopped slavery, Posthumous National Wrestling Hall of Fame inductee). Letter to A.G. Hodges. 4 April 1864. – Hebron AL
I am naturally anti-slavery. If slavery is not wrong, nothing is
AND
should permit the wreck of government, country, and Constitution all together.

Fifth, universalizability justifies util.

Singer 93 Peter Singer, "Practical Ethics," Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1993, pp. 13-14 – Hebron AL
The universal aspect of ethics, I suggest, does provide a persuasive, although
AND
the course of action most likely to maximize the interests of those affected.

Tournament: Berkner TFA | Round: Octas | Opponent: Lovejoy Elizabeth Hager | Judge: Dimming

Agamben AC

Part 1: Ready Up

The status quo serves to make the state appear compassionate to the "Zoe" body, even though its existence is predicated on maintaining biopolitical control. The state mandated police are used to justify genocide in the false name of national security.

Agamben 2k Agamben, Giorgio( Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings). "Sovereign Police." Means without End: Notes on Politics. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 2000. 103-07 – Hebron AL
One of the least ambiguous lessons learned from the Gulf War is that the concept
AND
fact, not show in the end their original proximity to the criminal.

Qualified Immunity embodies a State of Exception for the Police representing a modern day depiction of the demos' biopolitical control over the oppressed body. The state of exception allows for the normalization of violence, allowing the Police to evade responsibility.

Reinhardt 15 Stephen R. Reinhardt, ~Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit~, "The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences," Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015.
The Court has often remarked that "to perform its high function in the best
AND
the more lenient state statute, were seemingly reserved for black defendants alone. 

This police violence that becomes normalized in the state of exception is a never ending instance of racialized biopolitics; the state can only maintain power through the violence towards the "Zoe." This allows for they evasion of culpability, through the lens of the State of Exception.

Taylor 13 Taylor, Jack. ""We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning - Taylor - 2013 - Transforming Anthropology - Wiley Online Library." "We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning. AnthroSource, 9 Sept. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2016 – Hebron AL
I utilize deconstructive maneuvers and suggest that the images and memorials that emerged to memorialize
AND
the State and thus renders them subject to violent encounters with the State.

Biopolitics brings bare, biological life into the political realm, managing citizens as living bodies or bare life – this makes unlimited and escalating violence inevitable. Bare life reduces people to a state of living, but not living, this strips them of existing, a perpetuation of dehumanization mandated by the state.

Taylor 10 Mark Lewis Taylor "Today's State of Exception: Abu-Jamal, Agamben, Janmohamed, and The Democratic State of Emergency" Mark Lewis Taylor is Maxwell M. Upson Professor of Theology and Culture at Princeton Theological Seminary. April 2010 http://marklewistaylor.net/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/Political.Theology.Essay_.Mumia_.Agamben.pdf do: 11/3/15 - Hebron AL
"Bare life" is a stripping away of a person's subjectivity, their humanity
AND
that are so destructive now, even for the West.18
. 

Part 2: Gaming the System

The ROB is to embrace whatever-being to create the coming community – a refusal to recognize categorical identities in order to reject the ability of the sovereign to isolate bare life. Only the dissolution of identity politics can solve.

Robinson 11 Andrew, is a political theorist and activist at Ceasefire, Ceasefire, "In Theory Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty", 1/21/11, https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/ – Hebron AL
Agamben proposes 'whatever-singularity' as an alternative basis for political action, which
AND
yet is rendered different by the removal of the transcendent moment of sovereignty. 

And the AC is a Pre-Requisite to all other forms of Otherizartion. Only through the AC can we disengage from identity politics, which is the root cause of oppression.

Shaffer 7 (Butler, teaches at the Southwestern University School of Law. B.S., Law, 1958, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; B.A., Political Science, 1959, and J.D., 1961, University of Chicago; Member, Colorado and Nebraska State Bars. "Identifying With the State" June 29th 2007.http://www.lewrockwell.com/shaffer/shaffer159.html) – Hebron AL
One of the deadliest practices we engage in is that of identifying ourselves with a
AND
conflict – to a centered, self-directed integrity in our lives.

Globalized viewpoints of solving always fail, it is through targeting key contributors to the problem that the problem be solved.

Nayar 99 Nayar, Jayan. Professor. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems. University of Warwick. Fall 1999. "Re-Framing International Law for the 21^st Century." Order of Inhumanity. - Hebron AL
The description of the continuities of violence in Section II in many ways is familiar
AND
on what is perhaps less often the focus of critiques of "ordering."

Vote affirmative to resist the biopolitical control from the state. The politics of the state of exception have blurred the distinction between life and death. Death is no longer biological– rather it is political. The sovereign decision on bare life culminates in necropolitical violence which makes life a constant process of dying.

Hall 7 ~Hall, Lindsay, Anne. Master of Arts in Political Science. (2007). Death, Power, and the Body: A Bio-political Analysis of Death and Dying (Unpublished master's thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.~ – Hebron AL
Although the sovereign, as head of state, is no longer dominant, this
AND
, that is, the very concept of life (2000b, 7).

Part 3: Game Over

Every action that participates in the political process is one that creates an exception and results in biopolitical control.

Agamben 98 Agamben, Giorgio(Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer, pg. 8-9)
The protagonist of this book is bare life, that is, the life of
AND
the bare life of the citizen, the new biopolitical body of humanity.

Because the sovereign is outside the law, its very existence causes a suspension of the law – it is impossible for even the strictest of laws to resist sovereign power.

Frost 10 ~Tom, Professor of Legal Theory at the University of Sussex and PhD from the University of Southampton, "Agamben's Sovereign Legalization of Foucault", Oxford Legal Studies, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp. 545-577~ – Hebron AL
B. Agamben, Law and Bare Life Agamben builds upon this zoē/bios
AND
the disciplines exist within a relation where they are dependent on one another. 

Dehumanization is at the root of all violence and outweighs any other impacts. Our evidence is comparative.

Berube 97 (Berube, David. Professor. English. University of South Carolina. "Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side." 1997. http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm.) – Hebron AL
This means-ends dispute is at the core of Montagu and Matsou's treatise on
AND
inevitable for every epoch has evil and dehumanization is evil's most powerful weapon.

Tournament: Berkner TFA | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Grapevine Harrison Staley | Judge: Sims, Erdman, Boyer

1AC

Contention One: Homo Sacer

In the beginning, there was zoe – the state of merely biological life common to all beings. From there the West constructed the category of bios – the category of political life common to those under the protection of the law.

The fundamental paradigm of all modern politics is the state of exception, a mode of biopolitical control that suspends the law so as to strip people of political agency and reduce them to bare life.

Agamben 98 Agamben, Giorgio(Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings, professor of philosophy at the University of Verona, Homo Sacer, pg. 8-9) - Hebron AL
The protagonist of this book is bare life, that is, the life of
AND
the bare life of the citizen, the new biopolitical body of humanity.

Sovereign violence is epitomized by the figure of the police, who proclaim the state of exception through the selective suspension of the law to produce killable bodies. The modern police state excludes bare life from the sphere of humanity in the name of security.

Agamben 2k Agamben, Giorgio( Italian philosopher best known for his work investigating the concepts of the state of exception, form-of-life and homo sacer. The concept of biopolitics informs many of his writings). "Sovereign Police." Means without End: Notes on Politics. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota, 2000. 103-07 – Hebron AL
One of the least ambiguous lessons learned from the Gulf War is that the concept
AND
fact, not show in the end their original proximity to the criminal.

Qualified immunity institutes the state of exception by allowing the police to selectively strip political protections.

Reinhardt 15 Stephen R. Reinhardt, ~Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit~, "The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences," Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015. - Hebron AL
The Court has often remarked that "to perform its high function in the best
AND
the more lenient state statute, were seemingly reserved for black defendants alone. 

State lawfare is founded upon the production of killable bodies through the operation of racialized necropolitics and the police sovereign's "right to kill", the introduction of a distinction between who must live and die.

The extension of the state of exception to the very bodies of its victims results in social death, the status of non-existence.

Taylor 13 Taylor, Jack. ""We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning - Taylor - 2013 - Transforming Anthropology - Wiley Online Library." "We Are All Oscar Grant": Police Brutality, Death, and the Work of Mourning. AnthroSource, 9 Sept. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2016 – Hebron AL
I utilize deconstructive maneuvers and suggest that the images and memorials that emerged to memorialize
AND
the State and thus renders them subject to violent encounters with the State.

Today's state of exception is not only permanent but global – all are made vulnerable within a global state of exception that strips them of their very subjectivity to produce a state of living death.

Taylor 10 Mark Lewis Taylor "Today's State of Exception: Abu-Jamal, Agamben, Janmohamed, and The Democratic State of Emergency" Mark Lewis Taylor is Maxwell M. Upson Professor of Theology and Culture at Princeton Theological Seminary. April 2010 http://marklewistaylor.net/wpcontent/uploads/2012/10/Political.Theology.Essay_.Mumia_.Agamben.pdf do: 11/3/15 - Hebron AL
"Bare life" is a stripping away of a person's subjectivity, their humanity
AND
martial law that are so destructive now, even for the West.18 

Contention Two: Whatever-Being

All modern communities and politics are founded upon exclusion – the exclusion of non-Americans, non-whites, and beings who are non-political. Vote Aff to call for the coming community based on the unconditional acceptance of the Other, whatever they are.

Robinson 11 Andrew, is a political theorist and activist at Ceasefire, Ceasefire, "In Theory Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty", 1/21/11, https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/ – Hebron AL
Agamben proposes 'whatever-singularity' as an alternative basis for political action, which
AND
yet is rendered different by the removal of the transcendent moment of sovereignty. 

Group identification necessitates Otherization for communities to define themselves in opposition. The coming community views everybody as whatever-being, who must be protected "whatever" they are. Only the refusal of identification can solve the root of all exclusion.

Shaffer 7 (Butler, teaches at the Southwestern University School of Law. B.S., Law, 1958, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; B.A., Political Science, 1959, and J.D., 1961, University of Chicago; Member, Colorado and Nebraska State Bars. "Identifying With the State" June 29th 2007.http://www.lewrockwell.com/shaffer/shaffer159.html) – Hebron AL
One of the deadliest practices we engage in is that of identifying ourselves with a
AND
conflict – to a centered, self-directed integrity in our lives.

Contention Three: Playing the Game

The resolution presents us with a moral imperative: "the United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers."

The question isn't whether we can overcome all instances of sovereign violence or biopolitics but rather a question of individual responsibility.

Nayar 99 Nayar, Jayan. Professor. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems. University of Warwick. Fall 1999. "Re-Framing International Law for the 21^st Century." Order of Inhumanity. - Hebron AL
The description of the continuities of violence in Section II in many ways is familiar
AND
on what is perhaps less often the focus of critiques of "ordering."

Attempts to restrict the state of exception from within the law fail and only reaffirm its legitimacy. Legality will never account for those excluded from politics and subject to the exception.

Frost 10 ~Tom, Professor of Legal Theory at the University of Sussex and PhD from the University of Southampton, "Agamben's Sovereign Legalization of Foucault", Oxford Legal Studies, Volume 30, Issue 3, pp. 545-577~ – Hebron AL
B. Agamben, Law and Bare Life Agamben builds upon this zoē/bios
AND
the disciplines exist within a relation where they are dependent on one another. 

"One day humanity will play with law just as children play with disused objects, not in order to restore them to their canonical use but to free them from it for good."

Snoek 12 ~Snoek, A. (2012). PHD from Macquarie University. Strategies in Response to Law. In Agamben's Joyful Kafka: Finding Freedom Beyond Subordination. New York: Bloomsbury.~ – Hebron AL
According to Agamben, study is an important strategy for living outside the law and
AND
but to free them from it for good. (SE, 64)

Tournament: Byron Nelson TFA | Round: 2 | Opponent: North Crowley Tania Garcia | Judge: Matt Dooley

Shmoney Team AC

Plan Text: The United States Federal Government ought to limit Qualified Immunity for Police Officers.

Advantage 1: Ben Carson

U.S. soft power is low now.

Lehmann 4/28 Lehmann, Jean-Pierre(professor of international political economy at IMD and the founding director of The Evian Group at IMD). "The Collapse Of US Soft Power - Global Impacts."Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 28 Apr. 2016. Web. 31 Oct. 2016 – Hebron AL
Global Perspectives Global governance is adrift. Much of this arises from the lack of
AND
legitimacy and is effectively dead – even while nothing has replaced it yet.

Qualified immunity excrabates police brutality

Wright 15 Sam Wright(DC based attorney), Source: Thomson Reuters, Source: My Shingle, Source: Law Sites Blog, and Source: Above The Law. "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. Above the Law, 3 Nov. 2015. Web. 27 Oct. 2016 – Hebron AL
I think Megan McArdle is probably right that these proposals (and the others in
AND
show that that conduct's illegality has already been clearly established in the courts?

Police brutality delegitimizes the United States in the eyes of the rest of the world, decreasing their soft power

Pullen 14 Pullen, Bethany(Master of Public Diplomacy from the University of Southern California and a B.A. in International Studies and currently works as a research project manager in education policy at the University of Pittsburgh). "The Achilles Heel of U.S. Public Diplomacy: Race Relations and Police Violence." USC Center of Public Diplomacy. USC Annenburg, 8 Sept. 2014. Web. 27 Oct. 2016 – Hebron AL
Becoming inured to domestic atrocities delegitimizes American authority on issues of global human rights and
AND
by the State Department, nor any public commitment to promoting legislative changes. 

Soft power solves multiple scenarios for extinction.

Nye and Armitage 7 Joseph S. Nye (University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University; Previous Dean of Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government; Inventor of the concept of soft power; not related to Bill Nye the Science Guy) and Richard Armitage (13th United States Deputy Secretary of State, second-in-command at the State Department, 2001 to 2005). "CSIS Reports – A Smarter, More Secure America." November 6, 2007. http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_pubs/task,view/id,4156/type,1/ - Hebron AL
Soft power is the ability to attract people to our side without coercion. Legitimacy
AND
least as much as their ability to destroy the enemy's will to fight.

Advantage 2: Cocoa Puffs

Racial tensions have increased and at an all time peak

Norman 4/11  Norman, Jim. "U.S. Worries About Race Relations Reach a New High."Gallup.com. N.p., 11 Apr. 2016. Web. 25 Oct. 2016. - Hebron AL
More than a third (35) of Americans now say they are worried "
AND
than 50 for healthcare, the economy, and crime and violence. 

The court has a long history of discounting the interests of minority populations–qualified immunity just exacerbates racism entrenched in the system.

Reinhardt 15 Stephen R. Reinhardt, ~Circuit Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit~, "The Demise of Habeas Corpus and the Rise of Qualified Immunity: The Court's Ever Increasing Limitations on the Development and Enforcement of Constitutional Rights and some Particularly Unfortunate Consequences," Michigan Law Review, Vol. 113, 2015. - Hebron AL
The Court has often remarked that "to perform its high function in the best
AND
the more lenient state statute, were seemingly reserved for black defendants alone. 

Racism is the root cause of war

Foucault '76 ~Michel, Society Must be Defended: Lectures at the College de France, 1975-1976, p. 254-257 Trans. David Macey~ - Hebron AL
What in fact is racism? It is primarily a way of introducing a break
AND
half of the nineteenth century), except by activating the theme of racism. 

Extinction

Hagopian 15(Joachim Hagopian is a West Point graduate and former US Army officer. He has written a manuscript based on his unique military experience entitled "Don't Let The Bastards Getcha Down." It examines and focuses on US international relations, leadership and national security issues. After the military, Joachim earned a masters degree in Clinical Psychology and worked as a licensed therapist in the mental health field for more than a quarter century. He now concentrates on his writing.) - Hebron AL
The only rational conclusion is that the oligarchs have the human race is free fall
AND
suicide of the entire human species has destroyed all life on the planet.

Advantage 3: Time-Out Time

Limiting qualified immunity is key to hold police accountable.

Wright 15 Sam Wright (Public Interest Lawyer). "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity." Above the Law. 3 November 2015. http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fightpolice- misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ - Hebron AL
In order to truly hold police accountable for bad acts, civilians must be able
AND
want to see justice done, we should push to make it happen.

Criminal law can't hold police accountable; civil suits are key.

Geller and Toch 59 William A. Geller, JD, (Director of Geller and Associates) and Hans Toch (professor of psychology in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Albany). "Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force." Yale University Press, Nov 12, 1959. Google Books. – Hebron AL
The main objective of a criminal case is to adjudicate guilt and express societal condemnation
AND
harm caused but to reform so that the harm is not likely repeated.

Police accountability is key to reducing crime.

Tyler et al. 15 Tom R. Tyler (Yale Law School and Yale University), Phillip Atiba Goff (University of California, Los Angeles), and Robert J. MacCoun (Stanford Law School). "The Impact of Psychological Science on Policing in the United States: Procedural Justice, Legitimacy, and Effective Law Enforcement." Psychological Science in the Public Interest (Volume 16, Number 3). 2 November 2015. http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/policing.html - Hebron AL
In the past few decades, law enforcement has primarily used a deterrence model to
AND
by reporting crimes, identifying criminals, and acting as witnesses during trials.

Lack of Reduction of crime leads to poverty.

Samenow 14 Stanton E. Samenow Ph.D Posted Dec, 12-24-2014, "Crime Causes Poverty," Psychology Today, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/inside-the-criminal-mind/201412/crime-causes-poverty - Hebron AL
Social scientists and public officials have long identified poverty as a "root cause"
AND
it when criminals demolish overnight what they have worked so hard to build.

Poverty dehumanizes and kills the poor, more have died from poverty in the last 53 years than all who died in Vietnam

Loffredo 93 Assistant Professor of Law, City University of New York Law School at Queens College (Stephen, 141 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1277, "POVERTY, DEMOCRACY AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW," – Hebron AL
 ~*1315~ The statement that the poor "have done very well"
AND
welfare programs that would result in shared benefits to society at large. n227

Tournament: Plano West Senior High School | Round: 4 | Opponent: Brijan Kana | Judge: Charles Rutter

1AC

Part 1: It's Not Your's

The status quo serves to make the state appear compassionate to Native American even though its existence is predicated on maintaining colonial dominion on their land. Colonialism is grounded on the notion of hierarchical separation.  We are all on stolen land and their existence is contingent upon a continuing legacy of colonization that guarantees continued international exploitation.

Churchill 96 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 520 – 530) – Hebron AL
I'll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
AND
, sexist, classist, homophobic, militaristic order on non-Indians. 

Colonialism can be seen as the First World justifies an ongoing extermination waged against indigenous peoples and the Fourth World from the extraction and creation of nuclear power.

Barkas 5 (Jessica, J.D., Seattle University School of Law "Testing the Bomb: Disparate Impacts on Indigenous Peoples in the American West, the Marshall Islands, and in Kazakhstan" University of Baltimore School of Law Review 2005 Lexis) – Hebron AL
The dawn of the nuclear age allowed the United States to dominate the world by
AND
wholesale poisoning of countless indigenous communities committed in the name of national security.

The extinguishing of populations has been normalized, silencing the voices of the natives throughout the world.

Sherwood et al. 16 Rudolph C. RÿSer, Yvonne Sherwood and Janna Lafferty, 3-23-2016, "Fourth World under the Nuclear Cloud: On the Need for a Risk assessment of Nuclear Technology on Fourth World Territories," Intercontinental Cry, https://intercontinentalcry.org/fourth-world-nuclear-cloud/ - Hebron AL
Millions of indigenous peoples living in Fourth World territories around the world have been and
AND
and cultural damage to Fourth World peoples rarely noticed by the public eye.

Ambivalence towards the ongoing violence against Natives allows for the extermination of others. The status quo permits silence upon the other until faced with certain destruction. The result is a modern-day holocaust that concludes in extinction.

Schwab 6 ~Gabriele, "Writing against memory and forgetting" Literature and Medicine 25.1 (2006) 95-121~ – Hebron AL
Human beings have always silenced violent histories. Some histories, collective and personal,
AND
and reparation. Many theories, including psychoanalysis, concur with this assumption.

Part 2: Give Back the Land

The solvency is to reject the status quo and return the Native's land. Only when we end this ongoing colonialism can we solve for the ambivalence to the Fourth World. Our alternative is not simply handing out reparations to the indigenous populations in question; it paves the way to destroy the colonialist paradigm at its roots by acknowledging the existence.

Greenwood 9, D. A. (2009). Place, survivance, and White remembrance: A decolonizing challenge to rural education in mobile modernity. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 24(10). Retrieved ~date~ from http://jrre.psu.edu/articles/24-10.pdf - Hebron AL
Michael Corbett's writing on the irony of schooling in rural places inspires me to reconsider
AND
globalization, and; d) encountering and the fact of Native survivance.

And the AC is a pre-requisite to all other forms of otherization.

Churchill 96 'Ward 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 85-90) – Hebron AL
When you think about these issues in this way, the great mass of non
AND
course, which "thing" is to the first in the sequence. 

Globalized viewpoints of solving always fail, it is through targeting key contributors to the problem can the problem be solved.

Nayar 99 Nayar, Jayan. Professor. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems. University of Warwick. Fall 1999. "Re-Framing International Law for the 21^st Century." Order of Inhumanity. - Hebron AL
The description of the continuities of violence in Section II in many ways is familiar
AND
on what is perhaps less often the focus of critiques of "ordering."

Vote Affirmative to solve for the ontological divide between the First and Fourth World. Resisting the global order is the only way to solve the nuclear warfare against the fourth world and promote effective resistance for the future. Resistance is imperative to solve for the colonization targeted towards the Native Populations.

Kato 93 (Masahide, "Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze", Alternatives, 18:3 ~1993:Summer~, pg. 356-357,) – Hebron AL
The dialectic (if it can be still called such) should be conceived in
AND
come face to face with the "real" of the latter. 57

Part 3: We're Keeping It

Framing of nuclear war through apocalyptic rhetoric justifies the destruction of the Fourth World and Indigenous peoples in the names of nuclear testing by a government that seeks to use such rhetoric to gain power. This strips the Natives of being and labels them disposable.

Kato - 2 (Masahide, "Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze", Alternatives, 18:3 ~1993:Summer~, pg. 354-355,) – Hebron AL
The latest form of domination through the mimetic relationship between (the First World)
AND
physical violence against the Third World, Fourth World, and Indigenous Peoples.

Fear mongering through nuclear war is precisely the route by which governments silence the natives. All testing is in good faith because it saves other populations. Indigenous populations are test subjects for an experiment they never signed up for. The ROB is to deconstruct the ontological separation between the First and Fourth World.

Kato - 3 (Masahide, "Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze", Alternatives, 18:3 ~1993:Summer~, pg. 356-357,) – Hebron AL
The dialectic (if it can be still called such) should be conceived in
AND
effective alliances due to the blockage that lies between these social movements.56

Dehumanization is at the root of all violence and outweighs any other impacts. Our evidence is comparative.

Berube 97 (Berube, David. Professor. English. University of South Carolina. "Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side." 1997. http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm.) – Hebron AL
This means-ends dispute is at the core of Montagu and Matsou's treatise on
AND
inevitable for every epoch has evil and dehumanization is evil's most powerful weapon.

Dehumanization is a prerequisite to violence – it makes conflict, human rights violations and genocide inevitable – it's empirically proven.

Maiese 3 ~Michelle, Graduate Student of Philosophy at the University of Colorado, Boulder; Research Staff at the Conflict Research Consortium; "Dehumanization," http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/dehumanization/~~ – Hebron AL
While deindividuation and the formation of enemy images are very common, they form a
AND
~ Similar atrocities have occurred in Rwanda, Cambodia, and the former Yugoslavia

Tournament: Grapevine TOC | Round: 1 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol PD | Judge: Nathan Johnston

1AC

Part One: The Problem

The First World justifies an ongoing extermination waged against indigenous peoples and the fourth world from the extraction and creation of nuclear power.

Sherwood et al. 16 Rudolph C. RÿSer, Yvonne Sherwood and Janna Lafferty, 3-23-2016, "Fourth World under the Nuclear Cloud: On the Need for a Risk assessment of Nuclear Technology on Fourth World Territories," Intercontinental Cry, https://intercontinentalcry.org/fourth-world-nuclear-cloud/ - Hebron AL
Millions of indigenous peoples living in Fourth World territories around the world have been and
AND
and cultural damage to Fourth World peoples rarely noticed by the public eye.

The inhabitants of these poverty stricken communities, uninformed are forced to live in these harsh contaminated climates.

Sherwood – 2 Rudolph C. RÿSer, Yvonne Sherwood and Janna Lafferty, 3-23-2016, "Fourth World under the Nuclear Cloud: On the Need for a Risk assessment of Nuclear Technology on Fourth World Territories," Intercontinental Cry, https://intercontinentalcry.org/fourth-world-nuclear-cloud/ - Hebron AL
The Yakama Nation and the Spokane Indian Tribe along the Columbia River host the most
AND
for scrutiny outside the AEC or its successor the US Department of Energy.

The testing of nuclear weapons and dumping of nuclear waste has led to a literal genocide of the indigenous peoples

Barkas 5 (Jessica, J.D., Seattle University School of Law "Testing the Bomb: Disparate Impacts on Indigenous Peoples in the American West, the Marshall Islands, and in Kazakhstan" University of Baltimore School of Law Review 2005 Lexis) – Hebron AL
The dawn of the nuclear age allowed the United States to dominate the world by
AND
wholesale poisoning of countless indigenous communities committed in the name of national security.

Part Two: The Solution

Plan Text: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power.

The AC solves the divide between social movements and the struggle of the Fourth World.

The Fourth World 96 1996, "Indigenous Anti-Nuclear Summit Declaration," No Publication, http://www.ienearth.org/indigenous-anti-nuclear-summit-declaration/ - Hebron AL
We, the Indigenous Peoples gathered here for this summit, standing in defense and
AND
. It is our responsibility to assure the survival of all future generations.

The Strategic Gaze has taken over the current construction of the Global Space and Time, leads to direct violence targeted towards the Fourth World.

Kato 93 (Masahide ~ ~ Alternatives 18, "Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze.") – Hebron AL
Frederic Jameson's proposed formula to cope with the global strategy of late transnational capitalism is
AND
for maintaining or recreating space against the global integration of capital.55  

Vote Affirmative to resist the strategic gaze. Resisting the global order is the only way to solve the nuclear warfare against the fourth world and promote effective resistance for the future.

Kato 93 (Masahide, "Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze", Alternatives, 18:3 ~1993:Summer~, pg. 356-357,) – Hebron AL
The dialectic (if it can be still called such) should be conceived in
AND
come face to face with the "real" of the latter. 57

Part Three: The Framing

The strategic gaze results in the eradication of the other and justifies physical violence resulting in an unending genocide on the Fourth World. The ROB is advance the advocacy that best deconstructs the colonization and oppression caused by the First World.

Kato 93 (Masahide, "Nuclear Globalism: Traversing Rockets, Satellites, and Nuclear War via the Strategic Gaze", Alternatives, 18:3 ~1993:Summer~, pg. 354-355,) – Hebron AL
The latest form of domination through the mimetic relationship between (the First World)
AND
physical violence against the Third World, Fourth World, and Indigenous Peoples.

The Genocide targeted towards the Fourth World disrespects human worth, thus deemed wrong under any moral system.

Kamm 95 Kamm, F.M. "Inviolability." Midwest Studies in Philosophy. Volume 20 Issue 1, Pages 165 – 175. 1995.  http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120147219/abstract - Hebron AL
It is important to see that it is the permission to kill, the endorsement
AND
everyone is affected by the way it is permissible to treat one person.

Human Worth outweighs Util, it is a moral good and the source of moral value.

Korsgaard 96 Korsgaard, Christine (Prof of Philo @ Harvard). "The Sources of Normativity." 1996.- Hebron AL
This is just a fancy new model of an argument that first appeared in a
AND
source of all reasons and values must be valued for its own sake.

Any attempt to ignore the oppression towards the Fourth World just exacerbates exclusion

Winters 99: Winter and Leighton 99 |Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter|Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice Pg 4-5:"Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century."- Hebron AL
Direct violence is horrific, but its brutality usually gets our attention: we notice
AND
hearts to everyone; moral exclusion is a product of our normal cognitive processes

Dehumanization is at the root of all violence and outweighs any other impacts. Our evidence is comparative.

Berube 97 (Berube, David. Professor. English. University of South Carolina. "Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side." 1997. http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm.) – Hebron AL

This means-ends dispute is at the core of Montagu and Matsou's
AND
inevitable for every epoch has evil and dehumanization is evil's most powerful weapon.

Dehumanization is a prerequisite to violence – it makes conflict, human rights violations and genocide inevitable – it's empirically proven.

Maiese 3 ~Michelle, Graduate Student of Philosophy at the University of Colorado, Boulder; Research Staff at the Conflict Research Consortium; "Dehumanization," http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/dehumanization/~~ – Hebron AL
While deindividuation and the formation of enemy images are very common, they form a
AND
~ Similar atrocities have occurred in Rwanda, Cambodia, and the former Yugoslavia

Util fails to respect individual rights.

Rawls 71 John Rawls (was an American philosopher and a figure in moral and political philosophy. He held the James Bryant Conant University Professorship at Harvard University and the Fulbright Fellowship at Christ Church, Oxford). A Theory of Justice. 1971. – Hebron AL
The striking feature of the utilitarian view of justice is that it does not matter
AND
impartial sympathetic spectator. Utilitarianism does not take seriously the distinction between persons.

Util fails because not all values are reducible to good consequences.

Nagel 2 Nagel, Thomas ~University Professor of Philosophy and Law at New York University~. "Scanlon's Moral Theory" in Concealment and Exposure and Other Essays. Oxford University Press, 2002. Print. pp. 148-9. – Hebron AL
The central claim is that the motivational source of morality is something quite different from
AND
is not identified with promoting the good—human happiness, for example. 

UV

Aff gets RVIs

1. You have to vote for the interpretation that is preferable in order to discourage the worse interpretation.

2. I must invest time in order to answer they interp because theory is a gateway issue. This means that to answer theory I must allocate time away from substance.

3. RVI's discourage bad interps. RVI's check this back as they ensure that people won't run bad theory as they know that will be punished.

4. Theory gives my opponent the ability to go for substance or theory This is un-reciprocal as it gives my opponent twice as many outs in the round than I have.

5. No risk issues encourage un-educational argumentation a) it provides competitive incentive for debaters to not engage their opponent's responses because they can just kick it b) encourages debaters to make blippy c) distracts from substantive issues.

6. Aff time skew. I have 4 minutes to answer a 7 minute speech, so whatever I under cover they will go for.