Tournament: any | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na
anything on my teammates' wikis is fair game
contact me before the round if you want me to spec/defend anything

contact:
fb - Serena Lu
email - 18serenal@students.harker.org

Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na
For some reason this aff keeps getting deleted - check open source for the aff

Tournament: College Prep | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

I affirm the resolution. Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.

To clarify, here’s a comprehensive list of things the First Amendment does not permit – meaningless obscenity, child pornography, expression that in and of itself causes injury, and remarks intended to cause violence

Ruane 14 (Kathleen Anne Ruane – Legislative Attorney. Her report was published by the Congressional Research Service, which is a branch of government, "Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment", https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/95-815.pdf,pgs. 1-5, EmmieeM)
The First Amendment to the united States Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no
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constitutes a "true threat," and not against mere "political hyperbole." 

Framework

The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing as contextualized by impacts on case

The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere.

Goodin 95 Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids
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thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.

Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing.

Harris 10 Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."
I believe that we will increasingly understand good and evil, right and wrong,
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, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values. 

Innovation

Restrictions on free speech are rapidly increasing, destroying the educational environment

Slater 16 (Tom Slator – editor of this book (it’s a collection of essays from many different people). He also wrote the introduction from which this was cut. Deputy Editor of Spiked, runs Free Speech University Ratings, and has written for The Times/The Telegraph/Independent, "Unsafe Space: The Crisis of Free Speech on Campus", pgs. 2 - 3, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=vdP7CwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=college+speech+restrictions+risingandots=YBNOvRNy1Tandsig=BmpSFkTJts9QsI1YcDAjxmB6dpQ~~#v=onepageandq=college20speech20restrictions20risingandf=false, EmmieeM)
Over the past few years, campus censorship has reached epidemic levels. In 2015
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dwell on the easy arguments and defend only the most socially acceptable targets. 

This hamstrings innovation —- universities require free exchange of knowledge as a pre-requisite to education and regulations risk transforming academies into authoritarian structures

ACTA 13 (American Council of Trustees and Alumni – independent non-profit that is focused on maintaining academic freedom and accountability among US colleges. "Free to Teach, Free to Learn: Understanding and Maintaining Academic Freedom in Higher Education", pgs. 23-25, http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED560924.pdf, EmmieeM)
The primary function of a university is to discover and disseminate knowledge by means of
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be left to the informal processes of suasion, example, and argument. 

Free speech on public colleges is a key internal link to scientific discovery —- campus speech restrictions allows for worse forms of coercion that skews data and a culture of open debate is key to advancement

Economist 16 ("Under Attack", "The Inconvenient Truth", http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21699909-curbs-free-speech-are-growing-tighter-it-time-speak-out-under-attack, EmmieeM)
Intolerance among Western liberals also has wholly unintended consequences. Even despots know that locking
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Win the argument without resorting to force. And grow a tougher hide. 

Constant innovation in the chemical industry is key to check emerging diseases

NRC 2002, ~National Research Council Committee on Challenges for Chemical Sciences in the 21st century "National Security and Homeland Defense" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK114822/)//a-berg
Many drugs are produced by either chemical synthesis or biosynthetic processes. Recent advances in
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them for their biological activities or functions also remains a challenge to industry.

Absent innovation, new pathogens guarantee extinction —- decreasing biodiversity means spread between hosts is easier which checks empirics and generic defense

Yule ‘13 (et al; Jeffrey V. Yule – Herbert McElveen Professor of Applied and Natural Sciences  At the School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Published April 2^nd – Humanities 2013, 2, 147–159; doi:10.3390/h2020147)
Since the 1940s, humans in industrialized nations have been relatively sheltered from the threat
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not, and the potential failure of our species has considerable biological implications.

Independently, the ability to handle differing opinion is the most important internal link to competitiveness —- prevents workplace apathy and encourages diverse perspectives on issues

Viljoen 15 (Rica Viljoen - Adjunct Faculty at Henley Business School – Africa, "Inclusive Organizational Transformation: An African Perspective on Human Niches and Diversity of Thought", "2.8 Conclusion", https://books.google.com/books?id=WDE3DAAAQBAJandpg=PA46andlpg=PA46anddq=the+ability+to+handle+opposing+views+is+critical+forandsource=blandots=Zf3rT7MKovandsig=gtUj7Y8AxKh-TPNlCrT6ebbJ9Gsandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjqqsus-tjQAhVB5mMKHb4ICiAQ6AEIHDAA~~#v=onepageandq=the20ability20to20handle20opposing20views20is20critical20forandf=false , pgs. 45-46, EmmieeM)
The integral inclusivity framework presented in Figure 2.2 depicts how, through the
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diversity dynamics that typically may negatively impact on organizational behaviour, are optimized. 

Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in – that causes your heg bad impacts so it’s try or die for the AFF

Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 ("The Economy and National Security," National Review, February 8^th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011)
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to
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leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity.

Terror

Colleges can serve as unique places that prevent people from becoming trapped in echo chambers, but college censorship is ruining that —- students are becoming more extremist, less understanding, and convinced that they are at war with an evil "Other"

Lukianoff no date (Greg Lukianoff – attorney and CEO at the Foundation of Individual Rights in Education (FIRE); published in Wall Street Journal, LA Times, NY Times, Washington Post, and many others; has appeared on CBS Evening News, NBC’s Today Show, and many others,"How Colleges Create the ‘Expectation of Confirmation’", "Polarization and the Thickening Walls of Our Echo Chamber" – "Can College Help Break Down the Expectation of Confirmation?", http://www.soamcontest.com/content/how-colleges-create-expectation-confirmation, EmmieeM)
In his 2008 book, The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-
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to the bold questioning and uncomfortable discussions that intellectual and societal innovation demands. 

Freedom of expression allows extremist viewpoints to be challenged through debate, which demonstrates their flaws and de-motivates others from adopting them — speech bans only lead to hostility, divided communities, and push-back, which exacerbates terrorism

Lombardi 15 (Marco Lombardi – member of the Italian Team for Security, Terroristic Issues, and Managing Emergencies, which is a research department in the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan, "Countering Radicalisation and Violent Extremism Among Youth to Prevent Terrorism", https://books.google.com/books?id='kAoBgAAQBAJandpg=PA3andlpg=PA3anddq=preventing+free+discussion+leads+to+extremismandsource=blandots=TJ8fW6700zandsig=Lz4MWuGl6LkEYxy5RdXBDrCAxfUandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiq56aDsvTQAhUS1GMKHRNUBC4Q6AEIXzAN~~#v=onepageandq=preventing20free20discussion20leads20to20extremismandf=false , pgs. 3- 4, EmmieeM)
First, we should carefully calibrate prevention activities and avoid catch-all, indiscriminate
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law enforcement or secret services because this would discredit and ultimately sabotage them.          

This is especially pertinent in the case of colleges – students are much more likely to be recruited or adopt extremist views

Borum 5 (Randy Borum – Professor and Director of Intelligence Studies in the School of Information and Academic Coordination for Cybersecurity at the University of Southern Florida; Chuck Tilby – member of the Police Department, "Anarchist Direct Action: A Challenge for Law Enforcement", "Recruitment, pg. 214, http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1552andcontext=mhlp'facpub, EmmieeM)
It should not be surprising to learn that jails and prisons are major recruiting sites
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to be young, energetic, and idealistic with time available to act.  

Lone wolf attackers are a unique threat – harder to track due to no required communication and much more deadly due to lack of constraints

Simon 13 (Jeffrey Simon – runs a terror and security consulting company; former RAND analyst; UCLA lecturer; published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, Foreign Policy, The Journal of Terrorism and Political Violence, The Columbia Journal of World Business, and The New York Times, "Lone Wolf Terrorism: Understanding the Growing Threat", https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=MQxRCwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PA3andots=w6d3tqK3hqandsig=zd9pzTPhaC2w5xBQPm1Uc3FSDHc~~#v=onepageandqandf=false,
pgs. 4, EmmieeM)  
With the lone wolf terrorist threat growing and
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dangerous because sometimes they can be mentally unstable, yet still very effective. 

Currently, the biggest terrorist threat to the US is white supremacist lone wolves —- they kill more Americans than jihadists and show more desire to use WMDs

Blair 14 (Charles P. Blair, Senior Fellow on State and Non-State Threats for the Federation of American Scientists who teaches classes on terrorism and WMD technology at John Hopkins University and George Mason University, "Looking clearly at right-wing terrorism," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9 June 2014, http://thebulletin.org/looking-clearly-right-wing-terrorism7232, *fc)
Five years ago the US Department of Homeland Security’s Homeland Environment Threat Analysis Division released
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exaggerated, but neither should it be suppressed for political or ideological reasons. 

Dispersion of technology enables lone wolf terrorists to access chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CBURNs) – the impact will be mass casualties and unprecedented disruption of financial and social systems

Ackerman and Pinson 14 ~Gary A. ,Director of the Special Projects Division at the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland, Lauren E., Senior Research/Project Manager at START and PhD student at Yale University, "An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, Issue 1, 2014~
The first question to answer is whence the concerns about the nexus between CBRN weapons
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well influence the weapon selection of lone actor jihadists in Western nations. 19   

Solvency

Outlawing hate-speech is counter-productive – rules will be turned on minorities, discussions become diverted towards fights over censorship, and students are taught to rely on their oppressors for protection. The AFF allows for counterspeech, which creates community mobilization, turns third-parties away from hate-speech, and is empowering – empirically proven to work

Calleros 95 (Charles R. Calleros – Professor of Law at Arizona State University, "PATERNALISM, COUNTERSPEECH, AND CAMPUS HATE-SPEECH CODES: A REPLY TO DELGADO AND YUN",
 "II. Reply to the Authors’ Rejection of The Arguments of the Moderate
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it sparked counterspeech and community action that strengthened the campus support for diversity.

Censoring hate speech entrenches racism —- extremists get to look like martyrs, offensive terms are re-coded and then normalized, and it abstracts from material change. Also, attempts to censor something empirically make it more appealing and leads to greater publication

Heinze 16 (Eric Heinze – Professor of Law and Humanities at the University of London, "Hate Speech and Democratic Citizenship", "The Prohibitionist Challenge", pgs. 149-152, https://books.google.com/books?id=UJJyCwAAQBAJandpg=PA150andlpg=PA150anddq=censoring+hate+speech+helps+the+right-wing+martyrandsource=blandots=aVdz0PZticandsig=prvOZgxAtkhebwxC7EDhcb6HDicandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwj0xaWXofLQAhXEwlQKHcqWDwUQ6AEIIjAB~~#v=onepageandq=censoring20hate20speech20helps20the20right-wing20martyrandf=false, EmmieeM)
American oppositionists have lacked domestic empirical evidence of ineffectiveness, available on the continent,
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still-unconquered, non-viewpoint-punitive territory within public discourse.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

Framework

The standard is identifying the best strategy for resisting ableist oppression, as contextualized by aff offense.

Analysis of ableist representations is a critical focal point in addressing structural oppression caused by the hegemonic power structures of globalization. Academia is a uniquely key forum to bring about these issues. Mitchell ’10

Snyder 26 Mitchell 10 (Introduction: Ablenationalism and the Geo-Politics of Disability Sharon L. Snyder David T. Mitchell Journal of Literary 26 Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, 2010, pp. 113-125)
As a result, Disability Studies in McRuer’s point of view should continue to affiliate
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and, as such, key guiding principles of democracy are left unrealized.

The normative, autonomous subject is an illusion that the abled body constructs so as to not face the reality of disability. The aff framework is a prereq.

Hughes 07(Bill Hughes, Glasgow Caledonian University, "Being disabled: towards a critical social ontology for disability studies", Disability 26 Society Vol. 22, No. 7, December 2007, pp. 673–684)
Whilst borrowing from black culture smacks of cool and complicates but adorns the self-
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or in the most mundane everyday words or deeds that exclude or invalidate.

And, especially within a sphere of government, liberties are positive, not merely negative. HOLLENBACH

DAVID HOLLENBACH – The Common Good Revisited. Theological Studies. 50:1 (1989 March). "Gewirth argues that…or dictatorial activity."
Gewirth argues that these conditions fall into two broad categories: freedom and well-
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themselves rather than simply being the passive objects of paternalistic or dictatorial authority.

Absolute rules fail to account for the relative stringency of moral duties. Morality must be comparative. Moore  

There is an aura of paradox in asserting that all deontological duties are categorical ―
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) seems the best way of making sense of greater versus lesser wrongs.

Thus I affirm the plan. Resolved: The US Supreme Court ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by removing its application to lawsuits under disability discrimination statutes.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The Supreme Court recently affirmed that the unambiguous lan guage of a statute is dispositive
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the text of the Acts manifests Congress’s intent to bar any immunity defense.

Advantage 1 is Legislative History

Even if you think the state is bad, you cannot ignore the specificity of this historical analysis. It has not been one policy, there has been no cooption, and its breadth has only increased. Every relevant indicator implies that governments intended to help disabled people with these policies. Don’t think of the aff as defending a policy but rather a movement, which qualified immunity stands in the way of.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The legislative history of the Rehabilitation Act reveals that Con gress intended to supply disabled
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Congress intended that each be broadly interpreted to provide effective remedies against discrimination...

Qualified immunity stands directly in conflict with the legislative history of disability discrimination statutes. There are two scenarios where it removes damages all together.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
First, because damages may not be obtained from the federal gov ernment under the
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is wholly inapplicable to actions for damages brought under the disability discrimination statutes.

Upholding policies like the ADA combats the invisibility of disabled people in society.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The legislative history of the ADA likewise mandates a broad construction of the Act.
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ADA "must be in terpreted broadly to carry out its purpose." n154

Recognition of the disabled body creates ruptures in status quo thinking that challenge societal prejudice. Campbell 09

Campbell 9 Griffith University, 2009 (Fiona Kumari, 2009, "Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness," page 12-13, Date Accessed: 7/7)
Returning to the matter of definitional clarity around abled(ness), Robert McRuer (
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’unavoidable duality’ by putting forward another metaphor, that of the mirror.

Advantage 2 is Police Brutality

The only existing case law explanation on the subject set up a ridiculous standard for avoiding QI for ADA suits

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
As was true of actions under the Rehabilitation Act, the courts have mechanically incorporated
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cials sued for constitutional violations under 42 U.S.C. 1983

ADA suits are going to be popular to resist police violence, two scenarios:

Excessive force.

Harrington ’01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor
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ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years" 2001 | SP)
In light of Yeskey, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a summary judgment
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on the police to handle problematic situations with people who have disabilities.172

Suicide Calls and Emergencies – will require a paradigmatic shift.

Harrington ’01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor
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ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years" 2001 | SP)
Another common call to the police is for help with an individual who has suicidal
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175 There will likely continue to be considerable litigation in this area.176

The aff holds police accountable for this violence and deters future violations of disability discrimination status. Q/I makes being a plaintiff impossible.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The United States Congress has endeavored to guarantee the equal participation of the disabled in
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construed to provide disabled individuals with broad remedies should they suffer discrimination. n14

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

Fwk

The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.

First, the constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95

Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids
AND
thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.

Second, only impacts and values that exist in the physical world are relevant. Physical realism is the only meaningful ontological theory of being. Williams,

Donald Williams. "Naturalism and the Nature of Things." The Philosophical Review, Vol. 53, No. 5 (Sep., 1944), pp. 417-443. Duke UP. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2181355
Casting up our accounts to this point, we observe that physical realism is in
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in patterns of action in the ordered dimensions of a spatio-temporal hypersphere

Third is the act omission distinction, governments are morally responsible for their omissions because they always face choices between different sets of policy options, all of which advantage some while disadvantaging others.

Cass R. Sunstein and Vermeule Adrian ~"Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs.  Copyright (c) 2005 The Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University.  Stanford Law Review December,2005 58 Stan. L. Rev. 703~
The critics of capital punishment have been led astray by uncritically applying the act/
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creating entitlements ~*722~ and prohibitions, is not inaction at all.

Fourth, util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10

Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."
I believe that we will increasingly understand good and evil, right and wrong,
AND
, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values. 

Plan

Plan Text: Resolved: All countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power in outer space.

Space nuclear power coming now and trades off with solar power, which non uniques space colonization.

Grossman ’16 (Karl Grossman, professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury, June 27, 2016, "Solar-Energized Juno to Arrive at Jupiter on Independence Day," http://www.nationofchange.org/2016/06/27/solar-energized-juno-arrive-jupiter-independence-day/ | SP)
What NASA insisted for decades could not be­a spacecraft using solar energy rather
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a blow for independence from dangerous nuclear power above our heads in space.

Accidents Advantage

The chance of a nuclear accident due to space propulsion is high—affects billions. Bryson ‘96

Chris Bryson, December 1996 "Cassini — NASA'S Millennial Nuclear Nightmare," Christian Science Monitor, http://www.animatedsoftware.com/cassini/crbryson.htm
Post-graduate geology student Leo Alvarado also witnessed the accident and telephoned the local
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that we are never going to have one of these things come down?"

An nuclear space accident causes a massive EMP detonation.

Staughton ’16 (John Staughton, February 2016, What Would Happen If A Nuke Exploded In Space? https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/happen-nuke-exploded-space.html )
Perhaps even more worrying than the huge amount of radiation being dropped into Earth’s atmosphere
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the widespread technological devastation from an EMP big enough to shut down Texas!

Extinction

Pry 10 (Peter Vincent, director of the U.S. Nuclear Strategy Forum, "What America Needs to Know About EMPs" http://wethearmed.com/index.php?topic=8450.0)
EMP is not just a threat to computers and electronic gadgets, but to all
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to the United States and advocated immediate implementation of the EMP Commission's recommendations. 

Space Militarization Advantage

Nuclear power in space leads to space weapons—inevitable consequence and hidden motive for nuclear space programs. Grossman ‘03

Karl Grossman, professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury, February 5 2003, "Nukes-in-Space in Columbia's Wake", http://www.space4peace.org/articles/columbiaswake.htm
Gagnon, coordinator of the Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space,
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of what kind of seed do we carry with us out into space."

Nuclear power in orbit is the only power source that enables space weapons

Gagnon 3 (Bruce, "Nuclear Power In Space And The Impact On Earth's Ecosystem," 1/27/03, http://www.spacedaily.com/news/nuclearspace-03b.html)
Critics of NASA have long stated that in addition to potential health concerns from radiation
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, NASA's nuclear rocket is a Trojan horse for the militarization of space.

Orbiting space weapons systems cause extinction—outweighs nuclear war. Mitchell ‘01

Mitchell, 01 – Associate Professor of Communication and Director of Debate at the University of Pittsburgh (Dr. Gordon, ISIS Briefing on Ballistic Missile Defence, "Missile Defence:  Trans-Atlantic Diplomacy at a Crossroads", No. 6 July, http://www.isisuk.demon.co.uk/0811/isis/uk/bmd/no6.html)
A buildup of space weapons might begin with noble intentions of 'peace through strength' deterrence
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space could plunge the world into the most destructive military conflict ever seen.