Tournament: any | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na
anything on my teammates' wikis is fair game
contact me before the round if you want me to spec/defend anything

contact:
fb - Serena Lu
email - 18serenal@students.harker.org

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

Framework

The standard is identifying the best strategy for resisting ableist oppression, as contextualized by aff offense.

Analysis of ableist representations is a critical focal point in addressing structural oppression caused by the hegemonic power structures of globalization. Academia is a uniquely key forum to bring about these issues. Mitchell ’10

Snyder 26 Mitchell 10 (Introduction: Ablenationalism and the Geo-Politics of Disability Sharon L. Snyder David T. Mitchell Journal of Literary 26 Cultural Disability Studies, Volume 4, Number 2, 2010, pp. 113-125)
As a result, Disability Studies in McRuer’s point of view should continue to affiliate
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and, as such, key guiding principles of democracy are left unrealized.

The normative, autonomous subject is an illusion that the abled body constructs so as to not face the reality of disability. The aff framework is a prereq.

Hughes 07(Bill Hughes, Glasgow Caledonian University, "Being disabled: towards a critical social ontology for disability studies", Disability 26 Society Vol. 22, No. 7, December 2007, pp. 673–684)
Whilst borrowing from black culture smacks of cool and complicates but adorns the self-
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or in the most mundane everyday words or deeds that exclude or invalidate.

And, especially within a sphere of government, liberties are positive, not merely negative. HOLLENBACH

DAVID HOLLENBACH – The Common Good Revisited. Theological Studies. 50:1 (1989 March). "Gewirth argues that…or dictatorial activity."
Gewirth argues that these conditions fall into two broad categories: freedom and well-
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themselves rather than simply being the passive objects of paternalistic or dictatorial authority.

Absolute rules fail to account for the relative stringency of moral duties. Morality must be comparative. Moore  

There is an aura of paradox in asserting that all deontological duties are categorical ―
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) seems the best way of making sense of greater versus lesser wrongs.

Thus I affirm the plan. Resolved: The US Supreme Court ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers by removing its application to lawsuits under disability discrimination statutes.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The Supreme Court recently affirmed that the unambiguous lan guage of a statute is dispositive
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the text of the Acts manifests Congress’s intent to bar any immunity defense.

Advantage 1 is Legislative History

Even if you think the state is bad, you cannot ignore the specificity of this historical analysis. It has not been one policy, there has been no cooption, and its breadth has only increased. Every relevant indicator implies that governments intended to help disabled people with these policies. Don’t think of the aff as defending a policy but rather a movement, which qualified immunity stands in the way of.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The legislative history of the Rehabilitation Act reveals that Con gress intended to supply disabled
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Congress intended that each be broadly interpreted to provide effective remedies against discrimination...

Qualified immunity stands directly in conflict with the legislative history of disability discrimination statutes. There are two scenarios where it removes damages all together.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
First, because damages may not be obtained from the federal gov ernment under the
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is wholly inapplicable to actions for damages brought under the disability discrimination statutes.

Upholding policies like the ADA combats the invisibility of disabled people in society.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The legislative history of the ADA likewise mandates a broad construction of the Act.
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ADA "must be in terpreted broadly to carry out its purpose." n154

Recognition of the disabled body creates ruptures in status quo thinking that challenge societal prejudice. Campbell 09

Campbell 9 Griffith University, 2009 (Fiona Kumari, 2009, "Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness," page 12-13, Date Accessed: 7/7)
Returning to the matter of definitional clarity around abled(ness), Robert McRuer (
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’unavoidable duality’ by putting forward another metaphor, that of the mirror.

Advantage 2 is Police Brutality

The only existing case law explanation on the subject set up a ridiculous standard for avoiding QI for ADA suits

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
As was true of actions under the Rehabilitation Act, the courts have mechanically incorporated
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cials sued for constitutional violations under 42 U.S.C. 1983

ADA suits are going to be popular to resist police violence, two scenarios:

Excessive force.

Harrington ’01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor
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ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years" 2001 | SP)
In light of Yeskey, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a summary judgment
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on the police to handle problematic situations with people who have disabilities.172

Suicide Calls and Emergencies – will require a paradigmatic shift.

Harrington ’01 (James Harrington, Director, Texas Civil Rights Project. Adjunct Professor
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ACCOUNTABLE. A Review of the Past Seventeen Years" 2001 | SP)
Another common call to the police is for help with an individual who has suicidal
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175 There will likely continue to be considerable litigation in this area.176

The aff holds police accountable for this violence and deters future violations of disability discrimination status. Q/I makes being a plaintiff impossible.

Gildin ’99 (Gary S. Gildin, Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University. B.A. 1973, University of Wisconsin; J.D. 1976, Stanford Law School. "DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED" University of Illinois Law Review, 1999 | SP)
The United States Congress has endeavored to guarantee the equal participation of the disabled in
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construed to provide disabled individuals with broad remedies should they suffer discrimination. n14

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

Fwk

The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing.

First, the constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95

Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids
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thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.

Second, only impacts and values that exist in the physical world are relevant. Physical realism is the only meaningful ontological theory of being. Williams,

Donald Williams. "Naturalism and the Nature of Things." The Philosophical Review, Vol. 53, No. 5 (Sep., 1944), pp. 417-443. Duke UP. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2181355
Casting up our accounts to this point, we observe that physical realism is in
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in patterns of action in the ordered dimensions of a spatio-temporal hypersphere

Third is the act omission distinction, governments are morally responsible for their omissions because they always face choices between different sets of policy options, all of which advantage some while disadvantaging others.

Cass R. Sunstein and Vermeule Adrian ~"Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs.  Copyright (c) 2005 The Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University.  Stanford Law Review December,2005 58 Stan. L. Rev. 703~
The critics of capital punishment have been led astray by uncritically applying the act/
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creating entitlements ~*722~ and prohibitions, is not inaction at all.

Fourth, util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10

Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."
I believe that we will increasingly understand good and evil, right and wrong,
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, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values. 

Plan

Plan Text: Resolved: All countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power in outer space.

Space nuclear power coming now and trades off with solar power, which non uniques space colonization.

Grossman ’16 (Karl Grossman, professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury, June 27, 2016, "Solar-Energized Juno to Arrive at Jupiter on Independence Day," http://www.nationofchange.org/2016/06/27/solar-energized-juno-arrive-jupiter-independence-day/ | SP)
What NASA insisted for decades could not be­a spacecraft using solar energy rather
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a blow for independence from dangerous nuclear power above our heads in space.

Accidents Advantage

The chance of a nuclear accident due to space propulsion is high—affects billions. Bryson ‘96

Chris Bryson, December 1996 "Cassini — NASA'S Millennial Nuclear Nightmare," Christian Science Monitor, http://www.animatedsoftware.com/cassini/crbryson.htm
Post-graduate geology student Leo Alvarado also witnessed the accident and telephoned the local
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that we are never going to have one of these things come down?"

An nuclear space accident causes a massive EMP detonation.

Staughton ’16 (John Staughton, February 2016, What Would Happen If A Nuke Exploded In Space? https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/happen-nuke-exploded-space.html )
Perhaps even more worrying than the huge amount of radiation being dropped into Earth’s atmosphere
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the widespread technological devastation from an EMP big enough to shut down Texas!

Extinction

Pry 10 (Peter Vincent, director of the U.S. Nuclear Strategy Forum, "What America Needs to Know About EMPs" http://wethearmed.com/index.php?topic=8450.0)
EMP is not just a threat to computers and electronic gadgets, but to all
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to the United States and advocated immediate implementation of the EMP Commission's recommendations. 

Space Militarization Advantage

Nuclear power in space leads to space weapons—inevitable consequence and hidden motive for nuclear space programs. Grossman ‘03

Karl Grossman, professor of journalism at the State University of New York/College at Old Westbury, February 5 2003, "Nukes-in-Space in Columbia's Wake", http://www.space4peace.org/articles/columbiaswake.htm
Gagnon, coordinator of the Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space,
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of what kind of seed do we carry with us out into space."

Nuclear power in orbit is the only power source that enables space weapons

Gagnon 3 (Bruce, "Nuclear Power In Space And The Impact On Earth's Ecosystem," 1/27/03, http://www.spacedaily.com/news/nuclearspace-03b.html)
Critics of NASA have long stated that in addition to potential health concerns from radiation
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, NASA's nuclear rocket is a Trojan horse for the militarization of space.

Orbiting space weapons systems cause extinction—outweighs nuclear war. Mitchell ‘01

Mitchell, 01 – Associate Professor of Communication and Director of Debate at the University of Pittsburgh (Dr. Gordon, ISIS Briefing on Ballistic Missile Defence, "Missile Defence:  Trans-Atlantic Diplomacy at a Crossroads", No. 6 July, http://www.isisuk.demon.co.uk/0811/isis/uk/bmd/no6.html)
A buildup of space weapons might begin with noble intentions of 'peace through strength' deterrence
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space could plunge the world into the most destructive military conflict ever seen.