Cary Aff
Framework
The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing as contextualized by impacts on case. The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95
Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10
Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy. The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values.”
Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework. BOSTROM 11
(2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy
Death is the worst form of evil since it destroys the subject itself.
Paterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics.
Meltdowns
Nuclear meltdown is going to happen within the next decade
Gesellschaft 12
(Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: research society in Germany; "Severe nuclear reactor accidents likely every 10 to 20 years, European study suggests."; ScienceDaily; 22 May 2012; www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522134942.htm; DT)
Unprecedented nuclear disasters are coming – scientific studies prove that spent fuel fires are both likely and would have a much greater impact than Fukushima. Stone 16
(This card cites research done at Princeton using mathematical calculations and computer programs in order to gauge probability and magniture. Richard Stone has a degree in biophysics from UPenn and has written for National Geographic and Smithsonian, http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/spent-fuel-fire-us-soil-could-dwarf-impact-fukushima, “Spent Fuel Fire on U.S. Soil Could Dwarf Impact of Fukushima”, EmmieeM)
Nuclear meltdown would cause widespread deaths, long-term diseases, and permanent ecological damage. Wasserman, 02
(Harvey, American journalist, author, democracy activist, and advocate for renewable energy, author of The Last Energy War and co-author of Killing Our Own: The Disaster of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation, Spring, Earth Island Journal, http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/eij/article/nuclear_power_and_terrorism/, “Nuclear Power and Terrorism” | ADM)
Mining
Global nuclear energy sector is expanding
Handley 13
(Meg: staff writer for US News; "Emerging Nations To Power Nuclear Energy Expansion Over Next Decade"; 3-25-2013; US News andamp; World Report; http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/03/25/emerging-nations-to-power-nuclear-energy-expansion-over-next-decade; DT)
Nuclear energy requires uranium mining – thorium is not a feasible alternative. National Nuclear Library 12
(Report made for the Department of Energy and Climate Change, National Nuclear Library – UK, “Comparison of Thorium and Uranium on a Global Scale”, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65504/6300-comparison-fuel-cycles.pdf. pg 16, EmmieeM)
Uranium mining leads to an increase in above-ground radiation, which causes biodiversity loss. Sullivan 13
(Sian Sullivan works for the Department of Geography, Environment, and Developmental Studies at the University of London, “After the Green Rush? Biodiversity Offsets, Uranium Power and the ‘Calculus of Causalities’ in Greening Growth, pg. 94, EmmieeM)
Independently, radioactive dumping in the ocean destroys marine biodiversity
Alexeev 16
(Denis Alexeev and Valentina Galtsova are from the Department of Applied Ecology at the Russian State Hydrometeriological University, “Effect of Radioactive Pollution on the Biodiversity of Marine Benthic Ecosystems on the Russian Arctic Shelf”, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1873965212000138, EmmieeM)
Biodiversity loss is an impact filter – exacerbates existing crises and leads to extinction. Torres 16
(Phil is a graduate of Cornell University with degrees in Entomology and Biology; "Biodiversity Loss: An Existential Risk Comparable to Climate Change"; 5-20-2016; FLI - Future of Life Institute; http://futureoflife.org/2016/05/20/biodiversity-loss/; DT)
Terror
Terrorist organizations have started targeting nuclear power plants for resources and attacks. Rubin 16
(Alissa J. Rubin is an American journalist who covers the Middle East for the New York Times. She has won the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. “Belgium Proves Nuclear Plants are Vulnerable”, http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/26/world/europe/belgium-fears-nuclear-plants-are-vulnerable.html?_r=0, EmmieeM)
Nuclear power plants are extremely vulnerable to terrorist attacks and break-ins. Holt and Andrews 14
Mark Holt and Anthony Andrews Specialists in Energy Policy. Nuclear Power Plant Security and Vulnerabilities. Congressional Research Service. January 13, 2014. FZ.
The results to a terror attack on a nuclear power plant is devastating. Caldicott 6
Helen Caldicott bestselling author, Nobel Peace Prize nominee. Nuclear power is not the answer. The New Press. September 20, 2006. http:tria.fcampalans.cat/images/Nuclear20Power20is20not20the20answer20-20H.20Caldicott.pdf. FZ.
Independently, the impact to terrorists acquiring nuclear weapons is extinction. Volders 16
(Brecht Volders is a researcher in the Department of Politics at the Universiteit Antwerpen, Belgium, and a PhD candidate.
Solvency
Banning nuclear power is key to get us away from unsustainable energy production that will result in catastrophe – nuclear power plants self-destruct and construction emits too much CO2. Covino 13
(K: independent journalist, BA in English, nuclear power researcher; "The Most Unsustainable Energy Source on Earth"; 6-11-2013; HubPages; http://hubpages.com/politics/Unsustainable-Nuclear; DT)