Tournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley Joseph Whisler | Judge: Akash Gogate

A~ Interpretation: Debaters must, on the page with their name and the school they attend, disclose all taglines, full citations, and the first and last three words of the pieces of evidence read in their cases on the NDCA wiki at least one hour before the round if they have read that case before.

B~ Violation:

C~ Net Benefits:

1~ Research
Nails 13 - (Jacob ~I am a policy debater at Georgia State University. I debated LD for 4 years for Starr's Mill High School (GA) and graduated in 2012.~ "A Defense of Disclosure (Including Third-Party Disclosure)" http://nsdupdate.com/2013/a-defense-of-disclosure-including-third-party-disclosure-by-jacob-nails/) GHSGB
I fall squarely on the side of disclosure. I find that the largest advantage
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LD in the status quo doesn't incentivize better debating.
2~ Clash 

Voters:

Education
Advocacy Skills

D~ Implication: Drop the debater on theory.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley Joseph Whisler | Judge: Akash Gogate

I value justice.

Structural violence is based in moral exclusion, which is fundamentally flawed because exclusion is not based on dessert but rather on arbitrarily perceived differences.

Winter and Leighton 99 |Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter|~Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and justice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice~ "Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century." Pg 4-5 ghsVA
Finally, to recognize the operation of structural violence forces us to ask questions about
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local cultures, will be our most surefooted path to building lasting peace.

Debate should deal with questions of real-world consequences—ideal theories ignore the concrete nature of the world and legitimize oppression.

Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century", Victory Briefs, 2014, BE
Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real
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used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.

Thus, the standard is reducing structural violence.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Valley LB | Judge: Oliver Sussman, Damon Routzhan, Shania Hunt

The sketch master won't get away with it this time – their strategy of obfuscation is antithetical to an ethic of intellectual integrity.

Torson 13 (Adam, debated at Fargo South High School. He is a graduate of the University of Minnesota and has a J.D. from Hamline University in St. Paul, Minnesota. From 2004-2009 he was the director of debate at Hopkins High School (MN), "DEBATE AND THE VIRTUE OF INTELLECTUAL INTEGRITY BY ADAM TORSON," March 24, 2013, http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2013/3/debate-and-the-virtue-of-intellectual-integrity-by-adam-torson)//ghs-VA
Against Purposeful Obfuscation Too often in debate, strategy devolves into sophistry. Debaters utilize
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as a very strange outcome in any debate event worthy of the name.

Intellectual integrity comes first—there is no way any other impact precedes this.

Torson 13 (Adam, debated at Fargo South High School. He is a graduate of the University of Minnesota and has a J.D. from Hamline University in St. Paul, Minnesota. From 2004-2009 he was the director of debate at Hopkins High School (MN), "DEBATE AND THE VIRTUE OF INTELLECTUAL INTEGRITY BY ADAM TORSON," March 24, 2013, http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2013/3/debate-and-the-virtue-of-intellectual-integrity-by-adam-torson)//ghs-VA
Intellectual integrity denotes a commitment to the honest pursuit of truth through openness to evidence
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I encourage the examination of those practices through the lens of intellectual integrity.

Students need to embrace responsibility – stop trying to avoid it, you know what you did now own up to it or suffer the consequences.

Torson 13 (Adam, debated at Fargo South High School. He is a graduate of the University of Minnesota and has a J.D. from Hamline University in St. Paul, Minnesota. From 2004-2009 he was the director of debate at Hopkins High School (MN), "DEBATE AND THE VIRTUE OF INTELLECTUAL INTEGRITY BY ADAM TORSON," March 24, 2013, http://victorybriefs.com/vbd/2013/3/debate-and-the-virtue-of-intellectual-integrity-by-adam-torson)//ghs-VA
What We Can Do About It Students I encourage debaters to embrace the responsibility that
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value the habits of mind you develop for the rest of your life.

The affs use of the spikes and adoption of them as a strategic part of the 1AC ignores the historical use of actual spikes in the process of lynching African Americans, Kleiner '09

Gardner's Art through the Ages: Backpack Edition, Book D, Modern Europe and America, Fred Kleiner, Cengage Learning, Jan 20, 2009, https://books.google.com/books?id=sc0EAAAAQBAJanddq=african+americans+lynched+with+22spikes22andsource=gbs_navlinks_s
Melvin Edwards American Melvin Edwards (b. 1937) also has sought to reveal
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Americans and the continuing struggle for civil rights and an end to racism. 

All of their theoretical arguments start from an epistemological starting point of whiteness in an attempt to exclude black debate- Any endorsement of them results in a racialized debate space privileging whites.

Reid-Brinkley et al 13 (Shanara R. Reid-Brinkley, Amber Kelsie, Nicholas Brady, Ignacio Evans ~Brinkley| PhD Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union Department of Communication, University of Pittsburgh. Kelsie| M.A., Doctoral Student, Department of Communication, University of Pittsburgh. Brady| Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory, University of California, Irvine. Evans| History, Towson University~ "We Be Fresh As Hell Wit' Da Feds Watchin': A Bad Black Debate Family Responds" 06 Sunday Oct 2013 http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/)//ghs-VA
Second, we find it interesting that the trickery associated with signifyin' is considered a
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not offer a direct explanation of why the West Georgia example qualifies as signifyin'

Any attempt to conform black debate is an attempt to whiten the debate space- take a stance of inclusion of the bodies that have been excluded for so long and reject the spikes.

Reid-Brinkley 8 (Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley, University of Pittsburgh Department of Communications, "THE HARSH REALITIES OF "ACTING BLACK": HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE" 2008)ghs-VA
The stylistic norms of the policy debate community are inextricably attached to the social performance
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in other words, how the differentially colored body chooses to style itself. 

Any attempts to conform to whiteness imprisons black performance- it is an attempt to erase blackness and shut down self-empowerment.

Reid-Brinkley et al 13 (Shanara R. Reid-Brinkley, Amber Kelsie, Nicholas Brady, Ignacio Evans ~Brinkley| PhD Assistant Professor of Public Address and Advocacy Director of Debate, William Pitt Debating Union Department of Communication, University of Pittsburgh. Kelsie| M.A., Doctoral Student, Department of Communication, University of Pittsburgh. Brady| Doctoral Student, Department of Culture and Theory, University of California, Irvine. Evans| History, Towson University~ "We Be Fresh As Hell Wit' Da Feds Watchin': A Bad Black Debate Family Responds" 06 Sunday Oct 2013 http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2013/10/06/we-be-fresh-as-hell-wit-da-feds-watchin-a-bad-black-debate-family-responds/)//ghs-VA
4) It should by now be clear that Fanon does not suggest that interracial
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the depths of the earth or its expulsion from the country."~32~

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula KL | Judge: Amestoy, Monica

CP- Public colleges and universities in the United States ought to maintain and create subaltern counterpublics where white students are not allowed to speak, but remove all other restrictions on constitutionally protected speech, including free speech zones.

These spaces allow for undercommons discourse that can take place free of whiteness so revolutionary discourse does not get coopted.

Nancy Frasier 90, ~American critical theorist, feminist, and the Henry A. and Louise Loeb Professor of Political and Social Science and professor of philosophy at The New School in New York City~, "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy." Social Text- Duke University Press No. 25/26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/466240 . pp 66-68~
This argument gains additional support from the revisionist historiography of the public sphere, up
AND
unjust participatory privileges enjoyed by members of dominant social groups in stratified societies. 

The net benefit is avoiding white cooption of discourse–dominant codes of speech are used in the academy which excludes minority from the conversation even if there is free speech –we need a safe space for subaltern voices

White and Lowenthal 11, John W. White ~Professor of English Education, University of North Florida~ and Patrick R.Lowenthal ~Associate Professor Department of Educational Technology Boise State University Boise~ "Academic Discourse and Formation of an Academic Identity: Minority College students and the Hidden Curriculum", The Review of Higher Education, Volume 34, Number 2, Winter 2011. RFK
Not only do students face new and tougher academic demands at the college level,
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in cultural values (Corson, 2001; Ogbu, 1987, 2004).

AND- their notion of neoliberalism cannot not account for anti-blackness–black is the absence of value white sympolizes the totality of value there analysis fails an entire segment of the world which is the black – that means the dialogue in the world off the aff can't resolve neoliberalism becauase it doesn't account for anti-blackness which is WHY we need subaltern spaces

BARRETT 01PROF OF African American Studies U of Cal 2k1,  Lindon; "Blackness and Value"
African Americans, in sum, remain the negative resource of valuable white Americans.
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boundary symbolized in terms of skin complexion as the immanent and singular issue.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cambridge MB | Judge: Jake Davis

Text: Public colleges and universities in the United States should not restrict any constitutionally protected speech except derogatory speech that targets ethnic minorities.

CP PIC's out of racial insults — here's the solvency advocate

J. Peter Byrne 91 ~Associate Professor, Georgetown University Law Center.~, Racial Insults and Free Speech Within the University, 79 Geo. L.J. 399 (1991), http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1577, ghsBZ
This article examines the constitutionality of university prohibitions of public expression that insults members of
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fears and prejudices rather than to respect for others and informed judgment.3

Solves the aff – racial insults have no truth value but to derogate victims and undercut academic accessibility

J. Peter Byrne 91 ~Associate Professor, Georgetown University Law Center.~, Racial Insults and Free Speech Within the University, 79 Geo. L.J. 399 (1991), http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1577, ghsBZ
The university's first commitment is to truth. As argued above, the uni-
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means, for rational argument always has a privileged place in the university.

Racial insults inflict transgenerational psychological violence, create physical degeneration, and maintain cycles of poverty

Richard Delgado 82 ~J.D. University of California, Berkeley, 1974. Professor of Law, UCLA Law School.~, "WORDS THAT WOUND: A TORT ACTION FOR RACIAL INSULTS, EPITHETS, AND NAME-CALLING," Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, Vol. 17 (1982), http://ssrn.com/abstract=2000918, ghsBZ
American society remains deeply afflicted by racism. Long before slavery became the mainstay of
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other prac- tices which determine the distribution of social benefits and responsibilities. 

Laws prohibiting racial insults establish public norms and check prejudice – the aff allows rampant racial insults that perpetuate stereotyping and reinforce racist mindsets

Richard Delgado 82 ~J.D. University of California, Berkeley, 1974. Professor of Law, UCLA Law School.~, "WORDS THAT WOUND: A TORT ACTION FOR RACIAL INSULTS, EPITHETS, AND NAME-CALLING," Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, Vol. 17 (1982), http://ssrn.com/abstract=2000918, ghsBZ
Unlike most of the actions for which tort law provides redress to the victim,
AND
racial slurs is a promis- ing vehicle for the eradication of racism.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cambridge AG | Judge: Hussein, Nadia

Subaltern counterpublic spaces allow for undercommons discourse that can take place free of whiteness so revolutionary discourse does not get coopted- there needs to be spaces for brown and black students to gather, free of whiteness and racist speech but the aff gets rid of these

Nancy Frasier 90, ~American critical theorist, feminist, and the Henry A. and Louise Loeb Professor of Political and Social Science and professor of philosophy at The New School in New York City~, "Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy." Social Text- Duke University Press No. 25/26. http://www.jstor.org/stable/466240 . pp 66-68~
This argument gains additional support from the revisionist historiography of the public sphere, up
AND
unjust participatory privileges enjoyed by members of dominant social groups in stratified societies. 

The net benefit is avoiding white cooption of discourse–dominant codes of speech are used in the academy which excludes minority from the conversation even if there is free speech –we need a safe space for subaltern voices

White and Lowenthal 11, John W. White ~Professor of English Education, University of North Florida~ and Patrick R.Lowenthal ~Associate Professor Department of Educational Technology Boise State University Boise~ "Academic Discourse and Formation of an Academic Identity: Minority College students and the Hidden Curriculum", The Review of Higher Education, Volume 34, Number 2, Winter 2011. RFK
Not only do students face new and tougher academic demands at the college level,
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in cultural values (Corson, 2001; Ogbu, 1987, 2004).

Not allowing mechanisms for coping with racism causes racial battle fatigue and transgenrational, physical violence

Collins '15 (Sam PK, Jun 19th, Grassroots Journalist and Educator , "Black people aren't making things up: The science behind 'racial battle fatigue'", https://thinkprogress.org/black-people-arent-making-things-up-the-science-behind-racial-battle-fatigue-9726fcebc938~~#.tez62bnl8—ghssk)
In the early 2000s, University of Utah researcher William A. Smith coined the
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confines of the office, crippling a black person's marriage and social life.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley Joseph Whisler | Judge: Akash Gogate

Current protections against hate speech are working – on campus harrassment is decreasing nationally now.

Sutton 16 Halley Sutton, Report shows crime on campus down across the country, Campus Security Report 13.4 (2016), 9/9/16,http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/casr.30185/full LADI
A recent report released by the National Center for Education Statistics found an overall decrease
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lower than in 2001 for every category except forcible sex offenses and murder.

Expanding constitutionally protected speech sanctions hate speech – the First amendment legitimizes hatred and justifies the right to oppressive speech

Boler 04, Boler, Megan ~Megan Boler is a Full Professor in the Department of Social Justice Education, at the Ontario Institute of Studies in Education (OISE) at the University of Toronto.~. "All Speech Is Not Free: The Ethics of Affirmative Action Pedagogy." Counterpoints 240 (2004): 3-13, ghsBZ
On what basis might one justify an affirmative action pedagogy? The first justifica-
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worldviews to be shattered, in itself a pro- foundly emotionally charged experience 

More free speech fails to alter mindsets and reinscribes power dynamics – paternalistic claims that "minorities should talk back" ignore empirical analysis

Delgado and Yun '94 Richard Delgado ~Charles Inglis Thomson Professor of Law, University of Colorado. J.D. 1974, University of California, Berkeley.~ and David H. Yun ~Member of the Colorado Bar. J.D. 1993, University of Colorado. ~"Pressure Valves and Bloodied Chickens: An Analysis of Paternalistic Objections to Hate Speech Regulation." California Law Review. 1994. http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1712andcontext=californialawreview, ghsBZ
D. "More Speech"-Talking Back to the Aggressor as a Preferable Solution
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already charged with their own education, be responsible constantly for educating others? 

Hate speech inflicts psychological violence across multiple generations and millennia – also justifies mass oppression and primes society for genocide

Delgado and Stefacic '09, Richard Delgado - University Professor, Seattle University School of Law; J.D., 1974, University of California, Berkeley. Jean Stefancic – Research Professor, Seattle University School of Law; M.A., 1989, University of San Francisco. "FOUR OBSERVATIONS ABOUT HATE SPEECH." WAKE FOREST LAW REVIEW. 2009. http://wakeforestlawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Delgado_LawReview_01.09.pdf, ghsBZ
II. OBSERVATION NUMBER TWO: THE EVALUATION OF HARMS HAS BEEN INCOMPLETE One way
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at odds with the underlying rationales of a system of free expression.111

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula KL | Judge: Amestoy, Monica

BIPARTISAN revenge porn legislation on college campuses is coming now

Jamaal Abdul-Alim  16~Reporter~, "Colleges may get Help Fighting Revenge porn," http://diverseeducation.com/article/87594/, 3 October 2016. RFK
A proposed law that would punish people who publish "revenge porn" online will
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-only Facebook page to post photos of nude women who were passed out

Aff means public colleges and universities shouldn't restrict revenge porn

Goldberg 16 Erica Goldberg ~JD, Cardozo~, "FREE SPEECH CONSEQUENTIALISM," Columbia Law Review Volume 116, No. 3 April 2016 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2645869, RFK
The regulation of revenge porn presents thorny First Amendment issues, even though the speech
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threaten to undermine strong free speech protections exceptional to America's free speech regime. 

Revenge porn replicates patriarchal violence and silences victims in educational spaces

Flynn et al 16, Dr Asher Flynn, Dr Nicola Henry and Dr Anastasia Powell, "More than Revenge: Addressing the Harms of Revenge Pornography," Report of the More than Revenge Roundtable Hosted by Monash University, La Trobe University and RMIT University, Monday 22 February 2016, http://www.latrobe.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/728794/More-than-Revenge-Final-Report-Nicola-Henry.pdf, ghsBZ
Fighting Revenge Pornography in the United States Professor Mary Anne Franks Professor Franks' presentation highlight
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sexual activity and the minimising and trivialising of this form of sexual violence.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 4 | Opponent: Polytechnic JL | Judge: Jalan, Akhil

Title IX investigations are increasing now

Kingkade 16, Tyler Kingkade (Senior Editor and Reporter at The Huffington Post, based in New York, covering higher education, masculinity and sexual violence.) "There Are Far More Title IX Investigations of Colleges Than Most People Know". Huffington Post. June 16, 2016. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/title-ix-investigations-sexual-harassment_us_575f4b0ee4b053d433061b3d//ghs-mr
The growing backlog of federal Title IX investigations into colleges and universities has now topped
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a list of cases involving sexual harassment only, an official told HuffPost.

Expanding free speech creates a snowball effect that makes First Amendment defenses impossible to beat

Schauer 04, Schauer, Frederick ~David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law~. "The boundaries of the First Amendment: A preliminary exploration of constitutional salience." Harvard Law Review (2004): 1765-1809., ghsBZ
In addition to the properties of First Amendment claims that may make them less
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dissent,'68 acknowledged that the First Amendment was not totally irrelevant. 

Title IX is currently effective against harassment – this dramatically increases access to higher education.

Schauer 15,Schauer, Frederick David and Mary Harrison Distinguished Professor of Law. "The boundaries of the First Amendment: A preliminary exploration of constitutional salience." Harvard Law Review (2004): 1765-1809. http://www.feminist.org/education/TriumphsOfTitleIX.pdf//ghs-mr
The contrast between her academic landscape and mine could not be more dramatic. And
AND
, though: They have also moved into fields formerly dominated by men.

Sexual harassment replicates patriarchal violence and locks in power relationships between sexist teachers and subordinated students – victims are deprived of participation and success

Benson and Thomson, Benson, Donna J., and Gregg E. Thomson. "Sexual harassment on a university campus: The confluence of authority relations, sexual interest and gender stratification." Social problems 29.3 (1982): 236-251, ghsBZ
It is precisely this widespread confluence of authority relations, sexual interest and gender
AND
sexual harassment may remain an especially critical factor of more covert discrimination.

Tournament: Woodward | Round: 3 | Opponent: Cambridge AG | Judge: Hussein, Nadia

IT WILL NOT GET BETTER–Trayvon Martin and Renisha McBride are our generation's Emmett Till–the promise of the political has never and will never be realized for Black Americans–the American dream and the political is dependent on ever-increasing black suffering

Calvin L. Warren 15, ~Assistant Professor of American Studies, George Washington University~, ~Professor of  "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope," The New Centennial Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2015, Michigan State University Press. RFK
Perverse juxtapositions structure our relation to the Political. This becomes even more apparent and
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advances political apostasy as the only "ethical" response to black suffering.

Placing hope in the political constitutes a cruel optimism that keeps blacks chasing after a political object that only strengthens anti-black systems–they'll say "WE CAN'T DO NOTHING" but that's just a link–anti-black systems create a false binary between action and inaction that tricks blacks into continuing to trust the political

Calvin L. Warren 15, ~Assistant Professor of American Studies, George Washington University~, ~Professor of  "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope," The New Centennial Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2015, Michigan State University Press. RFK
The politics of hope, then, constitutes what Lauren Berlant would call "cruel
AND
the only "hope" for blackness in an anti- black world.

The aff's colorblind insistence on racial dialogue ignores power dimensions that structures discursive accessibility – "speaking up" only happens within the confines of whiteness and normalizes white hegemony – the idea that "good ideas" will somehow wipe out the negative ones under free speech places false hope in white people that only results in ressentiment

Warren 13, Calvin Warren (research and teaching interests are located at the intersection of contemporary continental theory (semiotics, deconstruction, postmodernism, and psychoanalysis), Afro-pessimism, Ethics, and African American History) Onticide: Toward an Afro-pessimistic Queer Theory" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Studies Association Annual Meeting, 2013ghs-mr
Teaching race literacy is necessary but difficult. In addition, authentic race dialogue is
AND
we do not describe what violence looks like, but assess its consequences.

The alternative is black nihilist political apostasy that rejects the anti-black political entirely–NO PARTIAL ATHEISM–the perm fails because it's impossible to support the political structure without participating in the ruse of false transformation and an exploited hope

Calvin L. Warren 15, ~Assistant Professor of American Studies, George Washington University~, ~Professor of  "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope," The New Centennial Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2015, Michigan State University Press. RFK
Can we reject this racist god and, at the same time, support the
AND
symbolic as inherently wicked and rejects it both as critique and spiritual practice.

Tournament: NDCA | Round: 2 | Opponent: Peninsula KL | Judge: Amestoy, Monica

A~ Interpretation: The aff must defend that all constitutionally protected speech is unrestricted by public colleges or universities. To clarify, they can't defend a restriction on only a specific type, setting, or timing of speech.

The term "any" in the res is the weak form of "any" — "not any" statements refer to "all"

Cambridge Dictionary, Cambridge Dictionary, Any, http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/quantifiers/any., ghsBZ
We use any before nouns to refer to indefinite or unknown quantities or an unlimited
AND
.  No: There are no biscuits left.  They've eaten them all.     

B~ Violation: Free speech zones necessarily entail time, place, and manner specifications

FIRE No Date, "Free Speech Zones On Campus," No Date, FIRE ~Foundation for Individual Rights in Education~, https://www.thefire.org/pdfs/5bed6be4733c1eb18e3adec122073a22.pdf, ghsBZ
On far too many campuses nationwide, universities unreasonably restrict students' expressive activities to limited
AND
The University of Southern Mississippi will provide a speaker's corner on Weathersby Lawn." 

C~ Standard:

Limits 

D~ T is a voting issue

Tournament: TFA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MC | Judge: Jake Cosio

Trump will hold off serious investigations now – political capital is key

Johnson 17 (Marcus H. Johnson, "Death By A Thousand Cuts: The Russian Story Will Erode Trump's Legitimacy," 1-11-17, https://medium.com/@marcushjohnson/death-by-a-thousand-cuts-the-russian-story-will-erode-trumps-legitimacy-6432ba6fb8f3~~#.fsbr4okbo)
The new reporting by CNN and BuzzFeed has rocked the political world, with shocking
AND
less able to carry out his agenda of racial warfare against marginalized peoples.

Republicans want to get rid of anti- discrimination standards in housing, they've already introduced 2 bills, and any action taken to make housing fairer causes political backlash which will cost political capital- historical analysis proves

Greenberg 1/27 (Zoe, Jan 27th, 2017, Research Assistant at The New York Times, Yale University, "Advocates of Fair Housing Brace for a Tough Four Years", New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/27/realestate/advocates-of-fair-housing-brace-for-a-tough-four-years.html—ghssk)
Donald J. Trump has a personal history with equal housing enforcement. A state 
AND
integration is so great that many administrations avoid any real action on it.

Deep investigation results in Trump's impeachment

Revesz 17 (Rachael Revesz, "Donald Trump and Michael Flynn could face legal action over Russia ties," 2-15-17, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-russia-michael-flynn-legal-action-possible-ties-links-a7582506.html)  
Democrats and some Republicans have called for a thorough and independent investigation into Mr Trump's
AND
the 25th Amendment; then starting a serious national conversation about possible impeachment."

That paves the way for full ACA repeal

Meisel 17 (Duncan Meisel, "How (and why) to Impeach Trump," 1-28-17, https://medium.com/@duncanwrites/how-and-why-to-impeach-trump-bd2629ac6497~~#.dmrluhq1k)
You can read the explanation of how impeachment works in the US Congress here.
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think he has nothing to offer them and be willing to cut ties.

Repeal eviscerates public health – impact is pandemics

—key to health surveillance and doctor availability
Kahn, research staff of Princeton University's Program on Science and Global Security, 12/13/16
(Laura, "Biodefense and the next presidency", http://thebulletin.org/biodefense-and-next-presidency10280)
Our current strategy, if one can call it that, is to conduct surveillance
AND
access to doctors. The health of the nation literally depends on it.

Disease spread causes extinction – globalization ensures that once a critical point is reached, circuit breakers have no effect

Darling 12 (Dirk Schulze-Makuch, professor at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Washington State University and David Darling, PhD, astronomer, quoted in "9 strange ways the world really might end," by Amy Rolph, @ http://blog.seattlepi.com/thebigblog/2012/03/18/9-strange-ways-the-world-really-might-end/?fb_xd_fragment~~#3839101=0)
The enemy within (Pandemics) Our body is in constant competition with a dizzying
AND
marsupial in Australia) the very survival of our species could be threatened.

Tournament: TFA | Round: 1 | Opponent: Tom C Clark MM | Judge: Demarcus Powell

Contention 1 – guaranteeing the right to housing requires billions of dollars, which mandates budget cuts in soft areas like social security and healthcare insurance, sinking millions into poverty

The aff's guarantee of housing increases subsidies by billions – there's no way to fulfill the right to housing without massive spending

Clark 16, Patrick Clark (news, political analysis, commentary) 7-26-2016, "Why It's So Hard to Build Affordable Housing: It's Not Affordable," Bloomberg, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-26/why-it-s-so-hard-to-build-affordable-housing-it-s-not-affordable//ghs-mr
A real estate developer wanted to increase affordable housing in Denver, trying to make
AND
National Review Institute. "That's basically how housing markets have always worked."

Increases in federal spending mandates budget tradeoffs

Sange 11, Sange, Alexandra. "House Passes New Rules For The 112th Congress." National association of community health centers. January 18, 2011. Web. February 07, 2017. http://blogs.nachc.com/washington/house-passes-new-rules-for-the-112th-congress//ghs-mr
As a part of the transition to the new Congress, the House of Representatives
AND
rule increases in revenue cannot be used to offset increases in mandatory spending.

Congress will cut soft areas first – social security, healthcare insurance, and education would be the first to go

Marans 16 Daniel Marans (general assignment reporter with a focus on politics and economic policy.), 12-9-2016, "Top House Republican Unveils Plan To Gut Social Security, "Huffington Post,http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/top-house-republican-social-security-cuts_us_584b1bb8e4b0e05aded3ff3c//ghs-mr
WASHINGTON ― President-elect Donald Trump distinguished himself on the campaign trail as the
AND
will fight any plan to replace Medicare with a voucher," he added.

Maintaining current social security programs key to keeping millions of senior citizens and minority populations out of poverty – turns case and outweighs on magnitude

CBPP 16, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, By, 10-25-2016, "Social Security Keeps 22 Million Americans Out of Poverty: A State-By-State Analysis," Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, http://www.cbpp.org/research/social-security/social-security-keeps-22-million-americans-out-of-poverty-a-state-by-state//ghs-mr
Social Security benefits play a vital role in reducing poverty in every state. WITHOUT
AND
, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

Contention 2 – government subsidies creates inferior housing, distorts the private market, and threatens another housing market crash leading to a repeat of the 2008 global recession

Housing subsidies inflate mortgage rates and overconsumption – experts estimate trillions of dollars could be lost!

Acharya et al 11, Viral V. Acharya, Matthew P. Richardson, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh and Lawrence J. White ~professors at the New York University Stern School of Business and the authors of "Guaranteed to Fail: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Debacle of Mortgage Finance."~, "Why We Should End Homeownership Subsidies," New York Times, 8-16-2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/17/opinion/why-we-should-end-homeownership-subsidies.html, ghsBZ
THE United States spends more than $100 billion annually to subsidize homeowners. Renters
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and stimulate growth and will make a real contribution to our future prosperity.

Governmental interference distorts the housing market and creates inferior, isolated housing

Peter D. Salins 98, ~Provost and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs of the State University of New York~, "Comment on Chester Hartman's "The Case for a right to housing": Housing is a right? Wrong!", Housing Policy Debate, 9:2, 1998, ghsBZ
Why a government-guaranteed housing entitlement does not make economic sense When Hartman and
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, and nonprofit sponsor-owners often fail as managers or go broke.

Housing market crash would create further wealth inequality and cause another global recession – 2008 proves

Amir Sufi 16 ~~, "Why the Housing Bubble Tanked the Economy And the Tech Bubble Didn't," FiveThirtyEight, 3-15-2016, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-the-housing-bubble-tanked-the-economy-and-the-tech-bubble-didnt/, ghsBZ
In 2000, the dot-com bubble burst, destroying $6.2
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beginning to understand that wealth inequality is crucial for understanding the broader economy.

Tournament: TFA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit MC | Judge: Jake Cosio

A~ The affirmative must guarantee all standards of the right to housing.

The right to housing includes 7 standards – international law proves

NESRI '15 (National Economic and Social Rights Initiative, copyright 2015, NESRI works to build a broad movement for economic and social rights, including health, housing, education and work with dignity, advocates for public policies that guarantee the universal and equitable fulfillment of these rights in the United States,"What is the Human Right to Housing?", https://www.nesri.org/programs/what-is-the-human-right-to-housing—ghssk)

• • What is the Human Right to Housing?  Everyone has a fundamental human
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    , and issuing general comments about the treaties or specific rights contained therein.

B~ Violation

Expanding the Fair Housing Act doesn't guarantee the right to housing

HEC 14, "FAIR HOUSING GUIDE for Landlords and Property Managers," Housing Equality Center of Pennsylvania, 2014, http://www.equalhousing.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/FairHousingGuideforLandlords.pdf, ghsBZ
Federal Fair Housing Act Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, as
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is not required to rent to current users and dealers of illegal drugs.

Standards:

Limits
Ground

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harrison RP | Judge: Chad Infante

Courts have heavy burdens now and are on the brink—one big push causes collapse of the judiciary and democracy.

Bannon 13 (Alicia Bannon, serves as counsel for the Brennan Center's Democracy Program, where her work focuses on judicial selection and promoting fair and impartial courts. Ms. Bannon also previously served as a Liman Fellow and Counsel in the Brennan Center's Justice Program. J.D. from Yale Law School in 2007, where she was a Comments Editor of the Yale Law Journal, "Testimony: More Judges Needed in Federal Courts," September 10, 2013, http://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/testimony-federal-courts-need-more-judges)//ghs-VA
While the current high level of judicial vacancies partially explains this high per-judge
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2013, so as to ensure the continued vitality of our federal courts.

Qualified immunity was created to PREVENT frivolous litigation. Aff limits that and prompts court clog

Mary Ellen Maatman 84 ~Professor of Law at Delaware Law School; B.A. from Swarthmmore College and a J.D. from University of Pennsylvania Law School~, "Harlow v. Fitzgerald: The Lower Courts Implement the New Standard for Qualified Immunity Under Section 1983," University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Volume 132, 1984, GUMM
In addition to furthering the public interest by facilitating effective government through unhampered decisionmaking
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" of such cases that followed Monroe v. Pape.7 5

QI prevents frivolous lawsuits

John P. Taddei 12 ~J.D. Northwestern University School of Law~, "Beyond Absolute Immunity: Alternative Protections for Prosecutors Against Ulitmate Liability for 1983 Suits," Northwestern University Law Review, Volume 106, Number 4, 2012, GUMM
The Court itself has acknowledged that qualified immunity is adequate to protect an official
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 to take a step back from a regime of absolute prosecutorial immunity.

Federal court clog causes collapses the federal judiciary – overburdens dockets, expansion can't keep pace

Oakley 96 (John B. Oakley, Distinguished Professor of Law Emeritus US Davis School of Law, 1996 The Myth of Cost-Free Jurisdictional Reallocation)ghs-VA
Personal effects: The hidden costs of greater workloads. The hallmark of federal justice
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would raise the most serious questions of the future course of the nation.

Separation of power solves unaccountable decisions to go to war – causes mass death

Adler 96 (David, professor of political science at Idaho State, The Constitution and Conduct of American Foreign Policy, p. 23-25)ghs-VA
The structure of shared powers in foreign relations serves to deter the abuse of power
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in comparison to those of the American people and their representatives in Congress.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit CL | Judge: Erik Legried

Legal elites involved in democratic process currently perceive the Court as legitimate
Bartels et al 15, Brandon L. Bartels, Christopher D. Johnston, Alyx Mark George Washington University, “Lawyers’ Perceptions of the U.S. Supreme Court: Is the Court a “Political” Institution?” Law and Society Review, Volume 49, Number 3 (2015), ghsBZ

Moreover, we confront the following empirical foundation: the legal elites studied in this
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define their pro- fessional identity and role as participants in the system.

Departing from stare decisis undermines court legitimacy with elites and eviscerates the social cohesion produced by the constitution
Monaghan, 88  (Henry, professor of law at Columbia University, “STARE DECISIS AND CONSTITUTIONAL ADJUDICATION”, 88 Colum. L. Rev. 723, May, lexis)

Precedent is, of course, part of our understanding of what law is.
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federal government, if not the viability of the constitutional order itself. 155

Loss of legitimacy prevents court from checking military, ensuring nuclear war.
Kellman 89, prof of law @ DePaul, 1989 (Barry Kellman, prof of law @ DePaul, Dec 1989, “JUDICIAL ABDICATION OF MILITARY TORT ACCOUNTABILITY: BUT WHO IS TO GUARD THE GUARDS THEMSELVES?” 1989 Duke L.J. 1597)

In this era of thermonuclear weapons, America must uphold its historical commitment to be
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recognizable in a millennium ushered in under the mushroom cloud of thermonuclear holocaust.

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 4 | Opponent: Strake Jesuit CL | Judge: Erik Legried

Uniqueness - the Court avoids issue creation by requiring litigants to strictly adhere to the unique facts of cases
Baird and Jacobi, 09 - *Associate Professor of Political Science at UC-Boulder AND Professor of Law at Northwestern (Vanessa and Tonja, “HOW THE DISSENT BECOMES THE MAJORITY: USING FEDERALISM TO TRANSFORM COALITIONS IN THE U.S. SUPREME COURT,” 59 Duke L.J. 183, November, lexis)

But why do Justices need to signal for cases in the future? If the
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Justices to persuade their previously unsympathetic colleagues to join them in their opinion.

The plan decides the case in advance of the arguments presented from the facts of a specific controversy – this crushes the rule of law
Colbert, 06 – professor of law at the University of Maryland (Douglas, “Coming Soon to a Court Near You - Convicting the Unrepresented at the Bail Stage: An Autopsy of a State High Court's Sua Sponte* Rejection of Indigent Defendants' Right to Counsel,” 36 Seton Hall L. Rev. 653, lexis)

Even then, an activist court's readiness to decide a question not briefed or fully
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be followed if sufficiently persuasive but which are not controlling.'" n249

This destroys the sua sponte doctrine and uniquely wrecks court legitimacy
Epstein, 98 - professor of political science and professor of law at Washington University (Lee, The Choices Justicies Make, p. 160-161)

This story suggests that a particular version of the sua sponte doctrine, namely the
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Court erodes its credibility and trespasses on the soul of the adversarial system.

Loss of legitimacy prevents court from checking military, ensuring nuclear war.
Kellman 89, prof of law @ DePaul, 1989 (Barry Kellman, prof of law @ DePaul, Dec 1989, “JUDICIAL ABDICATION OF MILITARY TORT ACCOUNTABILITY: BUT WHO IS TO GUARD THE GUARDS THEMSELVES?” 1989 Duke L.J. 1597)

In this era of thermonuclear weapons, America must uphold its historical commitment to be
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recognizable in a millennium ushered in under the mushroom cloud of thermonuclear holocaust.

Tournament: Apple Valley | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harrison RP | Judge: Chad Infante

IT WILL NOT GET BETTER–Trayvon Martin and Renisha McBride are our generation's Emmett Till–the promise of the political has never and will never be realized for Black Americans–the American dream and the political is dependent on ever-increasing black suffering

Calvin L. Warren 15, ~Assistant Professor of American Studies, George Washington University~, ~Professor of  "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope," The New Centennial Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2015, Michigan State University Press. RFK
Perverse juxtapositions structure our relation to the Political. This becomes even more apparent and
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advances political apostasy as the only "ethical" response to black suffering.

Placing hope in the political constitutes a cruel optimism that keeps blacks chasing after a political object that only strengthens anti-black systems–they'll say "WE CAN'T DO NOTHING" but that's just a link–anti-black systems create a false binary between action and inaction that tricks blacks into continuing to trust the political

Calvin L. Warren 15, ~Assistant Professor of American Studies, George Washington University~, ~Professor of  "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope," The New Centennial Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2015, Michigan State University Press. RFK
The politics of hope, then, constitutes what Lauren Berlant would call "cruel
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the only "hope" for blackness in an anti- black world.

The alternative is black nihilist political apostasy that rejects the anti-black political entirely–NO PARTIAL ATHEISM–the perm fails because it's impossible to support the political structure without participating in the ruse of false transformation and an exploited hope

Calvin L. Warren 15, ~Assistant Professor of American Studies, George Washington University~, ~Professor of  "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope," The New Centennial Review, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2015, Michigan State University Press. RFK
Can we reject this racist god and, at the same time, support the
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symbolic as inherently wicked and rejects it both as critique and spiritual practice.

Tournament: Holy Cross Round Robin | Round: 7 | Opponent: Newark Science BA | Judge: Erica Baker

Shutdown of nuclear power creates a shift to renewables

 
Shrader- Frechette ’13 (*brackets in original text, Kristin, Spring 2013 , O'Neill Family Professor, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Philosophy, at the University of Notre Dame. She has previously held senior professorships at the University of California and the University of Florida. Most of Shrader-Frechette's research work analyzes the ethical problems in risk assessment, public health, or environmental justice - especially those related to radiological, ecological, and energy-related risks.1 Shrader-Frechette has received the Global Citizenship Award, and the Catholic Digest named her one of 12 "Heroes for the US and the World", published more than 380 articles and 16 books/monographs, “Answering Scientific Attacks on Ethical Imperatives”, Ethics and the Environment, Volume 18, Number 1, Spring 2013, pg 1-17, Published by Indiana University Press, Project Muse ghssk)
Nuclear proponents like Forsberg (2011), however, disagree. They say that because
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intermittency is not a roadblock to the ethical imperative to use renewable energy.

AND- Renewables are the SINGLE BIGGEST DRIVER of African land grab

Schneider and Sorman 12, “Energy Transitions and the Global Land Rush: Ultimate Drivers and Persistent Consequences,” Elsevier Vol. 22 Issue 3, August 2012.
While the recent emergence of a global land rush has initiated large debates and conflicts
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long-term consequences for land use and struggles over access to land.

Huge multinational energy corporations are grabbing land in Africa for the renewables industry–usually through corruption

Mulubrhan Balehegn 15, is an assistant professor at the Department of Animal, Rangeland and Wildlife Sciences at Mekelle University, Ethiopia, “Unintended Consequences: The Ecological Repercussions of Land Grabbing in Sub-Saharan Africa,” Environment Magazine, 2015.
Recently, the world has witnessed a colonial-like rush and scramble for farmlands
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) reached 45 million hectares in the years between 2002 and 2009.3

These land deals are HORRIBLE–they’re corrupt, threaten food security, hurt over farmers, and are a form of neo-colonialism

 
Roy Laishley 14, Africa Renewal, Kenya, “Is Africa’s land up for grabs?” Africa Renewal: Special Edition on Agriculture 2014.
The outcries reflect the continuing impact of the continent’s history, when as recently as
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thousands of hectares of farmland are sometimes just three or four pages long.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dulles | Judge: Paul Gravley

Nuclear power is the only way to generate sufficient energy for large-scale desalination

IAEA 15 -- widely known as the world's "Atoms for Peace" organization within the United Nations family. Set up in 1957 as the world's centre for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the safe, secure and peaceful use of nuclear technologies, “New Technologies for Seawater Desalination Using Nuclear Energy,” IEAE TecDoc Series, 2015
 It is anticipated that by 2025, 33 of the world population,
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for coupling nuclear reactors and desalination systems for specific sites in the Mediterranean region

Desalination is k2 provide for the world’s growing water demands

Johnston ’15 (Chris, mAY 27TH, staffwriter the guardian on global issues, “Desalination: the quest to quench the world's thirst for water”, Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/may/27/desalination-quest-quench-worlds-thirst-water~-~-ghs//sk)
The average Briton uses 150 litres of water a day; the average American gets
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to be seen whether technological advances will be able to meet the demand.

Water shortages in developing countries reinforces poverty, famine, and structural violence – also independently the worse impact because it prevents any further progress

Cribb 10 (Julian Cribb is a Fellow of the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering. He is former Director, National Awareness for CSIRO and Science Editor of The Australian newspaper. He was national foundation president of the Australian Science Communicators (ASC), president of the National Rural and Resources Press Club, a member of CSIRO advisory committees for agriculture, fisheries and entomology.  He has served as a Director of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), the Crawford Fund, the Secretariat for International Landcare, CSIRO Publishing, the Australian Minerals and Energy Environment Foundation and the National Science and Technology Centre, Questacon. He was the creator of “Future Harvest” the global public awareness campaign for the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Cribb, Julian. “Coming Famine : The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It.” Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press, 2010. 15-6. ebrary collections. Ghs-kw)
Some observers also claim a link between food insecurity and terrorism, pointing out that
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donors may unintentionally have laid the foundation for future government failure and conflict.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dulles | Judge: Paul Gravley

Nuclear power solves greenhouse emissions now and in the future – projections show it prevents almost half of the CO2 necessary to trigger runaway warming

Kharecha and Hansen 13, Pushker A. Kharecha* and James E. Hansen NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, “Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power,” American Chemical Society, Environmental Science and Technology, 2013, ghsBZ
We calculate that world nuclear power generation prevented an average of 64 gigatonnes of CO2
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efficiency improvements and renewables, in the near-term global energy supply.

Only nuclear power solves – alternative energy growth is unaffected by phase-out but rather by state requirements and is statistically insufficient to replacing nuclear energy

Brintone and Freede 15, Samuel Brinton Master’s degree program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in nuclear engineering and the technology and policy program and Josh Freed Vice President at GMMB, a social marketing and advocacy firm, where he advised the senior leadership of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; regularly advises senior federal and state policymakers, and his work has been featured in The Washington Post, NPR, National Journal, POLITICO, The Los Angeles Times and Wired., "When Nuclear Ends: How Nuclear Retirements Might Undermine Clean Power Plan Progress," Third Way, 8-19-2015, http://www.thirdway.org/report/when-nuclear-ends-how-nuclear-retirements-might-undermine-clean-power-plan-progress, ghsBZ
Unfortunately, our models found that renewable electricity sources grow primarily to satisfy state RPS
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and natural gas plants than our existing fleet of carbon-free nuclear.

Prohibiting nuclear power necessitates coal replacement – Japan proves – greenhouse gas emissions are magnified twenty times causing cancer, mass death, and extinction

 
Baum ’15 (Seth, Oct 20th, executive director of the Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, a nonprofit think tank that Baum co-founded in 2011. Baum’s research focuses on risk, ethics, and policy questions about major threats to human civilization, including nuclear war, global warming, and emerging technologies., “Japan should restart more nuclear power plants”, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, http://thebulletin.org/japan-should-restart-more-nuclear-power-plants8817~-~-ghs//sk)
In August, a Japanese utility company restarted the Sendai nuclear power plant, sparking
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would be the best current energy option for Japan and for the world.

Warming causes racism, sexism, and extinction.

David Naguib Pellow 12, Ph.D. Professor, Don Martindale Endowed Chair – University of Minnesota, “Climate Disruption in the Global South and in African American Communities: Key Issues, Frameworks, and Possibilities for Climate Justice,” February 2012, http://www.jointcenter.org/sites/default/files/upload/research/files/White_Paper_Climate_Disruption_final.pdf
It is now known unequivocally that significant warming of the  atmosphere is occurring, coinciding
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that we must reduce our emissions  and consumption here at home in the global

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 3 | Opponent: Winston Churchill | Judge: Hank Stolte

The 1AC’s framing of terror threats reproduces national security mindsets that justify military intervention abroad

Friedman ’16 (Uri, July 2nd, *brackets for gendered language, staff writer at The Atlantic, where he covers global affairs, “What If the Terrorists Are Already Here?”, The Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/07/america-terrorism-national-security/489872/~-~-ghs//sk)
The statistics are as astounding as they are ignored: Americans are about as likely
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about the questions that you’re raising … from the perspective of homeland security.”

Framing of countries as “the other” or as “the enemy” justifies violent policy action against them

Geis and Wunderlich ’14 (Anna and Carmen, July 2014 issue, Geis is Department of Political Science, University of Magdeburg, Wunderlich is Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, “The good, the bad, and the ugly: Comparing the notions of ‘rogue’ and ‘evil’ in international politics”, Springer Link International Politics, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/ip.2014.19~-~-ghs//sk)
The identification and naming of an ‘enemy’ is an age-old element within
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towards interventionist strategies (Herrmann and Keller, 2004, p. 577).

The alternative is to reject the aff and engage in an analysis of the language behind our policymaking to rupture dominant norms

Cheeseman and Bruce ’96 Graeme Cheeseman, Sr. Lecturer @ New South Wales, and Robert Bruce Assoc. Prof in social sciences @ Curtin univ, ‘96 (Discourses of Danger and Dread Frontiers, p. 5-9, https://books.google.com/books?id=jJ3RWY-bzzsC~-~-ghs//sk)
This goal is pursued in ways which are still unconventional in the intellectual milieu of
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resistant to them, or choose not to understand them, and why?

Tournament: Heart of Texas Invitational | Round: 2 | Opponent: Edmond North CCo | Judge: Demarcus Powell

Counterplan Text: Countries should prohibit nuclear plants that do not use fluoride-based, molten, liquid salt mixtures as the primary coolant.

CP PIC's out of LFTRs and solves the case – accidents are physically impossible, plants are smaller and cheaper, create no long-term waste, and discourage nuclear terror

Martin, 12 ~May 8th, Richard, A contributing editor for Wired since 2002, he has written about energy, for Time, Fortune, The Atlantic, and the Asian Wall Street Journal, editorial director for Pike Research, the leading cleantech research and analysis firm, former Technology Producer for ABCNews.com, Technology Editor for The Industry Standard (2000-2001), and Editor-at- Large for Information Week (2005-2008), recipient of the "Excellence in Feature Writing" Award from the Society for Professional Journalists and the White Award for Investigative Reporting, Educated at Yale and the University of Hong Kong, , "SuperFuel: Thorium, the Green Energy Source for the Future", ISBN 978—0»230-116474~
SO, IF YOU WERE GOING TO DESIGN and build a new nuclear reactor from
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to run to produce electricity on a cost-per-kilowatt basis.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dulles | Judge: Paul Gravley
1NC Shell

Plan text: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power using non-modular power plants over 1000 megawatts in size.

The CP PIC’s out of small modular reactors – it’s plan minus and solves the aff’s harms.
SMR’s create safer, cleaner energy and have high potential for smaller developing countries.

Rosner and Goldberg 11, Robert Rosner and Stephen Goldberg, “Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.,” Energy Policy Institute at Chicago The Harris School of Public Policy Studies, November 2011, ghsBZ
Nuclear power occupies a unique position in the debate over global climate change as the
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analysis would be done shortly that will address the relative competitiveness of SMRs.

SMRs solve case and warming – they’re cheaper, easier and faster to make, more resistant to prolif, meltdowns, and waste mismanagement

Iyer et al 14 - Gokul Iyer, Nathan Hultman, and Steve Fetter of the School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, Son H. Kim of the Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and University of Maryland: 6 July 2014 (“Implications of small modular reactors for climate change mitigation” Elseiver Ltd. Journal of Energy Economics, p. 1, Available Online at http://www.karnteknik.se/upload/aktiviteter/medlemsaktiviteter/20151009_Staffan20Qvists20Energy20Policy.pdf, Accessed 8/8/16)IG
Achieving climate policy targets will require large-scale deployment of low-carbon energy
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loss in the infant pe- riod (Hansen et al., 2003).