Tournament: All | Round: Quads | Opponent: All | Judge: All
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Tournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Academy of the Holy Angels | Judge: Jeffrey Richards

1AC Yale Round 1

Framework

The role of the ballot is to vote for the debater who provides the best methodology to resist nuclear colonialism. Prefer:

1. Traditional political frameworks fail to attain social recognition – a specific focus on disadvantaged populations is needed

Cousins et al '13, Elicia Cousins, Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta, "Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice: A Mixed-Methods Study of Risk, Vulnerability, and the Victim Experience," Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project, 2013
This study examines the social cost of nuclear power by focusing on the vulnerability of
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that protect these populations from further harm without necessarily increasing costs to government. 

2. Native Americans are largely excluded from the Anti-Nuclear power debate – discussion now is key

Churchill 97 Ward LeRoy Churchill (an American author and political activist; he was a professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado Boulder from 1990 until 2007). A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust And Denial In The Americas 1492 To The Present. 1997. HW. https://books.google.com/books?id=1AbmOu-FRisCandpg=PA361andlpg=PA361anddq=native+americans+should+ban+nuclear+powerandsource=blandots=UKNkSfrOyWandsig=0a9yh_xSRMJXE7AK8rzWMkzy710andhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjIhYrwzd_OAhVC3mMKHZ9KDXcQ6AEIOzAE~~#v=onepageandqandf=false
166. While the great weight of this has fallen on Native North America (
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minimal to nonexistent, even among the dominant society's self-styled radicals. 

3. Pedagogy is inherently political – this demands constant methodological critique

Trifonas '03, PETER PERICLES TRIFONAS. PEDAGOGIES OF DIFFERENCE: RETHINKING EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE/ RoutledgeFalmer. New York, London. 2003. Questia.
Just as objective social reality exists not by chance, but as the product of
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, a decolonizing pedagogy addresses both the means and the ends of schooling. 

Plan

Thus, Plan Text: Native Americans should ban the production of nuclear power

Endres 1, Danielle Endres (2009), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studie
If the rhetoric of nuclear colonialism is designed to exclude American Indian nations from deliberation
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emerge from nuclear colonialism. Ultimately, the policies and discourse of nuclear colonialism 

The aff is topical – mining and disposal of uranium is part of nuclear power

WNA '16, World Nuclear Association, "The Nuclear Fuel Cycle," World Nuclear Association 2016, http://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/introduction/nuclear-fuel-cycle-overview.aspx
The nuclear fuel cycle is the series of industrial processes which involve the production of
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Collectively these steps are known as the 'back end' of the fuel cycle.

Contention 1 is Colonialism

Nuclear colonialism through nuclear waste production continues the genocide of Native people

Smith '12, Brendan Smith, 3-18-2012, "Nuclear Colonialism," nuclearhistorymatters, https://nuclearhistorymatters.wordpress.com/2012/03/18/nuclear-colonialism/
Nuclear colonialism was a featured term in this chapter by Dr. Kuletz, and
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Paiute see their ancestral homeland, the state sees a nuclear waste depository.

Empirics prove disproportionate targeting of Natives

PSR no date, Physicians for Social Responsibility, "Dirty, Dangerous and Expensive: The Truth About Nuclear Power," http://www.psr.org/resources/nuclear-power-factsheet.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/
The nuclear industry seeks to revitalize itself by manipulating the public's concerns about global warming
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nuclear energy and nuclear weapons is arguably the greatest danger of nuclear power.

Pollution of Native lands are the largest source of birth defects and poor health

Lynch 14 Michael J. Lynch (University of South Florida, FL, Department of Criminology, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences). "Native American People, Environmental Health and Justice Issues." Green Criminology. 10 March 2014. HW. http://greencriminology.org/glossary/native-american-people-environmental-health-and-justice-issues/
Native Americans face a number of environmental hazards and health issues that have been imposed
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that environmental injustice that Native lands were targeted for nuclear waste disposal sites. 

Colonial methods allow for maximum violence – this isn't some power tagged impact card – the method used by the colonizer allows for the justification of violence unprecedented

Mbembe '03, Achille Mbembe, "Necropolitics," Duke University Press, 2003, https://www.dartmouth.edu/~~lhc/docs/achillembembe.pdf
If the relations between life and death, the politics of cruelty, and the
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of Hegel's Phenomenology of the Spirit: its simultaneous idealism and apparent inhumanity.

Prohibition is key – Native communities are paid large sums of money in order to allow waste dumping – this gives the usfg leverage to claim the deals are "legitimate" when in fact they just retrench structural violence

Kamps '01, Kevin Kamps (Nuclear Waste Specialist), "Environmental Racism, Tribal Sovereignty and Nuclear Waste," Nuclear Information Resource Service, February 15, 2001, http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pfsejfactsheet.htm
Targeting a tiny, impoverished Native American community, already so disproportionately overburdened with toxic
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been dumped yet, Bullcreek says PFS is already ripping her community apart.

Only the Aff solves, safe storage will still cause landfill leakage

Brook 98 Daniel Brook (Professor at University of California, Davis; PhD in sociology), "Environmental Genocide: Native Americans and Toxic Waste," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Vol. 57, No. 1. January 1998. pp. 105-113. HW. http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3487423.pdf
Unfortunately, it is a sad but true fact that "virtually every landfill leaks
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their earnings at the expense of health, safety, and the environment.

Contention 2 is Inherent Sovereignty

Specific discussion in the Aff is key – the colonizer uses strategic silence to ensures natives don't have a voice in discussion of nuclear energy

Endres 2, Danielle Endres (2009), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studie
In addition to outlining a decision calculus that shifts the burden of proof in a
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continuing a system of nuclear colonialism and avoiding discussion of American Indian sovereignty.

And, sovereignty as defined by the usfg is colonialist – they get to choose when they follow the rules because they created them

Endres 3, Danielle Endres (2009), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studie
Colonialism in all its forms is dependent on the discursive apparatus that sustains it.
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is always defined as dependent on and subordinate to the US federal government.

The Aff recognizes Native American lands as possessing inherent sovereignty – this transcends the political and is a necessary step to substantive change

Endres 4, Danielle Endres (2009), "The Rhetoric of Nuclear Colonialism: Rhetorical Exclusion of American Indian Arguments in the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Siting Decision," Communication and Critical/Cultural Studie
Indigenous resistance over the years has created cracks in the system of resource colonialism,
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to colonization through a constitutive redefinition of sovereignty that supersedes the political definition.

Prohibition is the only way to achieve environmental justice – promotion of sovereignty by the state only extends colonialism

Thorpe 97 Grace Thorpe (tribal judge and health commissioner for the Sac and Fox Nation of Oklahoma. She also serves as a resident and directs the National Environmental Coalition of Native Americans). "Our Homes are not Dumps: Creating Nuclear-Free Zones." NRC. 20 November 1997. HW. http://lawschool.unm.edu/nrj/volumes/36/4/12_thorpe_dumps.pdf
According to recent reports, they have also held negotiations with the Mescalero to become
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the ground. If it was ever removed, it would bring evil.

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: Lexington NB | Judge: 

Framework

The role of the ballot and judge is to vote for the debater who best reduces structural violence through their side's respective policy option. I advocate progressive consequentialism is the method of weighing.

1. Utopian ideal theory causes inaction making ethics impossible

Vorobej 16 Mark Vorobej (Professor of Philosophy at McMaster University). "Structural Violence." The Concept of Violence. 2016. HW. https://books.google.com/books?id=c86jCwAAQBAJandpg=PA125andlpg=PA125anddq=consequentialism+structural+violenceandsource=blandots=Bftfu6pvrJandsig=zcoe6vllS7TRNG8p_aqvd7xbV7Iandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjemuTC1f_NAhUF6yYKHbXTBcAQ6AEIKDAB~~#v=onepageandqandf=false
Furthermore, because violence is virtually everywhere, it follows that we can never entirely
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strategy for reducing violence, and producing the greatest possible amount of good.

And, alternative role of the ballots create unreciprocal layers where the round becomes about what we should be debating about. This kills clash due to structural barriers and causes prep disparities. Further, arguing over terms of the debate destroys topical education and incentivizes preclusion. Topic education outweighs – it's a prerequisite for understanding the violence that affects status quo groups.

2. Focusing on action that attempts to maximize outcomes always fails to combat oppression – only through evaluating policies can solve

Tessman 09 Lisa Tessman (Professor of Philosophy and Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies at Binghamton University). "Ethical Reasons and Political Commitments." Feminist Ethics and Social and Political Philosophy: Theorizing the Non-Ideal. 2009. HW. http://www.springer.com/us/book/9781402068409
One concern here has to do with the status of non-idealist work as
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and be ethically transformed by, the knowledge that such discoveries make possible.

And, engaging in politics through progressive consequentialism is key to real world education, otherwise experiences of oppression are abandoned.

3. Ethical viewpoints are always skewed by status quo forms of violence – progressive consequentialism is the only resolvable strategy to combat oppression

Vorobej 16 Mark Vorobej (Professor of Philosophy at McMaster University). "Structural Violence." The Concept of Violence. 2016. HW. https://books.google.com/books?id=c86jCwAAQBAJandpg=PA125andlpg=PA125anddq=consequentialism+structural+violenceandsource=blandots=Bftfu6pvrJandsig=zcoe6vllS7TRNG8p_aqvd7xbV7Iandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjemuTC1f_NAhUF6yYKHbXTBcAQ6AEIKDAB~~#v=onepageandqandf=false
Furthermore, given that we ourselves are mired in violence, it's likely that our
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are the only thing that matters, from the moral point of view.

Resolvability is a prerequisite – arbitrary disputes are complicit in violence because they allow oppression to continue. Root cause arguments negate understanding about broader structures, and causes irresolvable clashes where violence is arbitrarily assigned. True root causes are impossible because violence can be manifested in any structure.

Plan

Plan Text: The Republic of China should prohibit the production of nuclear power.

Engbarth '16, Dennis Engbarth, 8-12-2016, "TAIWAN: Polls Harken End of Nuclear Power," IPS News, http://www.ipsnews.net/2016/01/taiwan-polls-harken-end-of-nuclear-power/
"The KMT is fond of stating that nuclear energy is cheap, but this
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that the government will be compelled to revive nuclear power," Shieh warned.

Prohibition is key – restrictions are too lax and lead to political uncertainty

EDN '16, Economic Daily News, 8-15-2016, "Leaving nothing to chance with Lungmen," No Publication, http://www.taiwantoday.tw/fp.asp?xItem=201276andamp;CtNode=423
However, Taipower's continuous mishaps and uncertainty over the construction progress has made all concerned
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other considerations, there can be nothing left to chance. (SDH)

German phase out model is normal means, but will shift what decommissioning mechanism we used if ask in cx to prevent friv theory debates which kill topic lit

WNN '16, World Nuclear News Source "Proposal for financing German nuclear phase-out." WNN, April 2016.
Following the Fukushima accident in March 2011, the government of German Chancellor Angela Merkel
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phase-out," said Vattenfall senior vice president for markets Stefan Dohler.

Advantage One is Meltdowns

Taiwan gets hit by frequent earthquakes – reactor locations are in danger of being hit by Tsunamis

Mining Awareness '16, Mining Awareness, "Taiwan 6.4 M Earthquake Reminder: Ring of Fire is Exceptionally Bad Location for Nuclear Power Station," Feb 2016, https://miningawareness.wordpress.com/2016/02/06/taiwan-6-4-m-earthquake-reminder-ring-of-fire-is-exceptionally-bad-location-for-nuclear-power-stations/
Like Japan, Taiwan is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire and is an
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International Journal 09/2011; 5(3):403-407.)

Taiwanese plants are not immune to natural disaster – they're worse prepared than Japan

Lin '11, I-Fan Lin, 3-12-2011, "Taiwan: Country's Nuclear Power Plants Are High Risk · Global Voices," Global Voices, https://globalvoices.org/2011/03/16/taiwan-countrys-nuclear-power-plants-are-high-risk/
Indeed, the risk of nuclear power plants hit by an earthquake in Taiwan is
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not immune to the natural forces that destroyed the Fukushima nuclear power plant.

They also store waste in their plants – Taiwan's plants are functionally dirty bombs waiting to be detonated by an earthquake

Nunns '12, Cain Nunns, 3-7-2012, "Taiwan's nuclear nightmare?," Public Radio International, http://www.pri.org/stories/2012-03-07/taiwans-nuclear-nightmare
"All of our reactors are on the coast. We straddle the Ring of
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be impossible to evacuate Taipei in time if an accident were to occur.

Taiwan is small, the impact enormous – high impact and high probability

Taipei Times '15, Taipei Times, 4-24-2015, "EDITORIAL: Quake should prompt energy rethink," Taipei Times, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2015/04/24/2003616641/2
The strongest earthquake of the year, magnitude 6.3, struck on Monday
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that occurred at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in Japan.

Nuclear disaster would kill millions – experts agree that evacuation is impossible

Chan and Chen '11, Chan, C. and Chen, Y. "A Fukushima-Like Nuclear Crisis in Taiwan or a Nonnuclear Taiwan?" East Asian Science, Technology and Society: an International Journal 5.3 (2011): 403-407. Project MUSE. Web. 13 Aug. 2016. https://muse.jhu.edu/.
About 2 million people would have to be evacuated if a 20 km evacuation zone
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one at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant were to happen in Taiwan.

Advantage Two is Natives

Taiwan dumps waste on its native

Marsh et al '93, Duncan R. Marsh, Edgar (Jun-Yi) Lin, Pi-yao Lin, 3-28-1993, "Orchid Island: Taiwan's Nuclear Dumpsite," No Publication, https://www.wiseinternational.org/nuclear-monitor/387-388/orchid-island-taiwans-nuclear-dumpsite
The history of the Orchid Island nuclear waste depository is fraught with governmental deception of
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minority people. It is racial discrimination in practice on a national level.

This is not a lone case – part of a continued history of violence against Natives where they are bought out with large sums of money making – kills sovereignty and perpetuates structural violence

Adams '09, Jonathan Adams, Global Post, 5-21-2009, "," Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/20/taiwan-nuclear-waste-stor_n_189110.html/span
NANTIAN VILLAGE, Taiwan — They tried sending it to North Korea. They tried
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just the small village that likely stands to profit most from the plan. 

Waste barrels are in terrible conditions – hurts local communities

Chung '05, Hui-Yun Chung, Dec 16 2005, "Hui-Yun Chung page,Orchid Island," American University, http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/orchid-waste.htm
Taiwan's nuclear reactors are all threatened by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, typhoons
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deformed fish on the beach. The residents are scared and feel helpless.

Empirics prove radiation is affecting Orchid Islanders

Chung '05, Hui-Yun Chung, Dec 16 2005, "Hui-Yun Chung page,Orchid Island," American University, http://www1.american.edu/ted/ice/orchid-waste.htm
Any nuclear leak from the nuclear waste will be a fatal damage to people who
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this kind of deformed fish near the sea off Orchid Island as well. 

There's not enough room for nuclear waste in Taiwan – ban is key

Ferry '15, Tim Ferry, 9-15-2015, "Phasing Out Nuclear Power in Taiwan," Taiwan Business TOPICS, http://topics.amcham.com.tw/2015/09/phasing-out-nuclear-power-in-taiwan/
The day of reckoning for Taiwan's nuclear power sector might actually come a good deal
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term storage into effect, and long­term storage remains a dream.