Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Syed Tahir | Judge: Nick Albertazzi

1AC

I affirm the resolution. Plan: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.

To clarify, here’s a comprehensive list of things the First Amendment does not permit –obscenity, expression that causes injury, and remarks that cause violence

Ruane 14 (Kathleen Anne Ruane – Legislative Attorney. Her report was published by the Congressional Research Service, which is a branch of government, "Freedom of Speech and Press: Exceptions to the First Amendment", https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/95-815.pdf,pgs. 1-5, EmmieeM)
The First Amendment to the united States Constitution provides that "Congress shall make no 

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constitutes a "true threat," and not against mere "political hyperbole." 

Framework

The standard is maximizing expected wellbeing as contextualized by impacts on case

Util is axiomatically true - all value stems from experienced wellbeing. Harris 10

Sam Harris 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."
I believe that we will increasingly understand good and evil, right and wrong, 

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, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values. 

Moral uncertainty means we default to preventing extinction under any ethical framework

BOSTROM 11
(2011) Nick Bostrom, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford Martin School and Faculty of Philosophy
These reflections on moral uncertainty suggest~s~ an alternative, complementary way of 

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value. To do this, we must prevent any existential catastrophe. 

Innovation

Restrictions on free speech are rapidly increasing, destroying the educational environment

Slater 16 (Tom Slator – editor of this book (it’s a collection of essays from many different people). He also wrote the introduction from which this was cut. Deputy Editor of Spiked, runs Free Speech University Ratings, and has written for The Times/The Telegraph/Independent, "Unsafe Space: The Crisis of Free Speech on Campus", pgs. 2 - 3, https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=vdP7CwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PP1anddq=college+speech+restrictions+risingandots=YBNOvRNy1Tandsig=BmpSFkTJts9QsI1YcDAjxmB6dpQ~~#v=onepageandq=college20speech20restrictions20risingandf=false, EmmieeM)
Over the past few years, campus censorship has reached epidemic levels. In 2015

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dwell on the easy arguments and defend only the most socially acceptable targets. 

This hamstrings innovation —- universities require free exchange of knowledge as a pre-requisite to education and regulations risk transforming academies into authoritarian structures

ACTA 13 (American Council of Trustees and Alumni – independent non-profit that is focused on maintaining academic freedom and accountability among US colleges. "Free to Teach, Free to Learn: Understanding and Maintaining Academic Freedom in Higher Education", pgs. 23-25, http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED560924.pdf, EmmieeM)
The primary function of a university is to discover and disseminate knowledge by means of 

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be left to the informal processes of suasion, example, and argument. 

Free speech on public colleges is a key internal link to scientific discovery —- campus speech restrictions allows for worse forms of coercion that skews data and a culture of open debate is key to advancement

Economist 16 ("Under Attack", "The Inconvenient Truth", http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21699909-curbs-free-speech-are-growing-tighter-it-time-speak-out-under-attack, EmmieeM)
Intolerance among Western liberals also has wholly unintended consequences. Even despots know that locking 

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Win the argument without resorting to force. And grow a tougher hide. 

Constant innovation in the chemical industry is key to check emerging diseases

NRC 2002, ~National Research Council Committee on Challenges for Chemical Sciences in the 21st century "National Security and Homeland Defense" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK114822/)//a-berg
Many drugs are produced by either chemical synthesis or biosynthetic processes. Recent advances in 

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them for their biological activities or functions also remains a challenge to industry.

Absent innovation, new pathogens guarantee extinction —- decreasing biodiversity means spread between hosts is easier which checks empirics and generic defense

Yule ‘13
(et al; Jeffrey V. Yule – Herbert McElveen Professor of Applied and Natural Sciences  At the School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Published April 2^nd – Humanities 2013, 2, 147–159; doi:10.3390/h2020147)
Since the 1940s, humans in industrialized nations have been relatively sheltered from the threat 

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not, and the potential failure of our species has considerable biological implications.

Competitiveness is key to US dominance – we need to keep innovating faster to ensure economic prosperity and hegemony

Segal 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations
~Adam, Foreign Affairs, "Is America Losing Its Edge?" November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html~~
The United States' global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new 

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, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home.

Loss of competitiveness results in great power conflict—retrenchment makes war inevitable and ensures the US would be dragged in

Khalilzad 11 — Zalmay Khalilzad, Counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, served as the United States ambassador to Afghanistan, Iraq, and the United Nations during the presidency of George W. Bush, served as the director of policy planning at the Defense Department during the Presidency of George H.W. Bush, holds a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago, 2011 ("The Economy and National Security," National Review, February 8^th, Available Online at http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/print/259024, Accessed 02-08-2011)
Today, economic and fiscal trends pose the most severe long-term threat to 

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leading the world toward a new, dangerous era of multi-polarity.

Terror

Colleges can serve as unique places that prevent people from becoming trapped in echo chambers, but college censorship is ruining that —- students are becoming more extremist, less understanding, and convinced that they are at war with an evil "Other"

Lukianoff no date (Greg Lukianoff – attorney and CEO at the Foundation of Individual Rights in Education (FIRE); published in Wall Street Journal, LA Times, NY Times, Washington Post, and many others; has appeared on CBS Evening News, NBC’s Today Show, and many others,"How Colleges Create the ‘Expectation of Confirmation’", "Polarization and the Thickening Walls of Our Echo Chamber" – "Can College Help Break Down the Expectation of Confirmation?", http://www.soamcontest.com/content/how-colleges-create-expectation-confirmation, EmmieeM)
In his 2008 book, The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-

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to the bold questioning and uncomfortable discussions that intellectual and societal innovation demands. 

Freedom of expression allows extremist viewpoints to be challenged through debate, which demonstrates their flaws and de-motivates others from adopting them — speech bans only lead to hostility, divided communities, and push-back, which exacerbates terrorism

Lombardi 15 (Marco Lombardi – member of the Italian Team for Security, Terroristic Issues, and Managing Emergencies, which is a research department in the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan, "Countering Radicalisation and Violent Extremism Among Youth to Prevent Terrorism", https://books.google.com/books?id='kAoBgAAQBAJandpg=PA3andlpg=PA3anddq=preventing+free+discussion+leads+to+extremismandsource=blandots=TJ8fW6700zandsig=Lz4MWuGl6LkEYxy5RdXBDrCAxfUandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwiq56aDsvTQAhUS1GMKHRNUBC4Q6AEIXzAN~~#v=onepageandq=preventing20free20discussion20leads20to20extremismandf=false , pgs. 3- 4, EmmieeM)
First, we should carefully calibrate prevention activities and avoid catch-all, indiscriminate 

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law enforcement or secret services because this would discredit and ultimately sabotage them.          

This is especially pertinent in the case of colleges – students are much more likely to be recruited or adopt extremist views

Borum 5 (Randy Borum – Professor and Director of Intelligence Studies in the School of Information and Academic Coordination for Cybersecurity at the University of Southern Florida; Chuck Tilby – member of the Police Department, "Anarchist Direct Action: A Challenge for Law Enforcement", "Recruitment, pg. 214, http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1552andcontext=mhlp'facpub, EmmieeM)
It should not be surprising to learn that jails and prisons are major recruiting sites 

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to be young, energetic, and idealistic with time available to act.  

Lone wolf attackers are a unique threat – harder to track due to no required communication and much more deadly due to lack of constraints

Simon 13 (Jeffrey Simon – runs a terror and security consulting company; former RAND analyst; UCLA lecturer; published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, Foreign Policy, The Journal of Terrorism and Political Violence, The Columbia Journal of World Business, and The New York Times, "Lone Wolf Terrorism: Understanding the Growing Threat", https://books.google.com/books?hl=enandlr=andid=MQxRCwAAQBAJandoi=fndandpg=PA3andots=w6d3tqK3hqandsig=zd9pzTPhaC2w5xBQPm1Uc3FSDHc~~#v=onepageandqandf=false,
pgs. 4, EmmieeM)  
With the lone wolf terrorist threat growing and 

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dangerous because sometimes they can be mentally unstable, yet still very effective. 

Currently, the biggest terrorist threat to the US is white supremacist lone wolves —- they kill more Americans than jihadists and show more desire to use WMDs

Blair 14 (Charles P. Blair, Senior Fellow on State and Non-State Threats for the Federation of American Scientists who teaches classes on terrorism and WMD technology at John Hopkins University and George Mason University, "Looking clearly at right-wing terrorism," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 9 June 2014, http://thebulletin.org/looking-clearly-right-wing-terrorism7232, *fc)
Five years ago the US Department of Homeland Security’s Homeland Environment Threat Analysis Division released 

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exaggerated, but neither should it be suppressed for political or ideological reasons. 

Dispersion of technology enables lone wolf terrorists to access chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons (CBURNs) – the impact will be mass casualties and unprecedented disruption of financial and social systems

Ackerman and Pinson 14 ~Gary A. ,Director of the Special Projects Division at the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland, Lauren E., Senior Research/Project Manager at START and PhD student at Yale University, "An Army of One: Assessing CBRN Pursuit and Use by Lone Wolves and Autonomous Cells," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 26, Issue 1, 2014~
The first question to answer is whence the concerns about the nexus between CBRN weapons 

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well influence the weapon selection of lone actor jihadists in Western nations. 19   

Solvency

Censoring hate speech entrenches racism —- extremists get to look like martyrs, offensive terms are re-coded and then normalized, and it abstracts from material change. Also, attempts to censor something empirically make it more appealing and leads to greater publication

Heinze 16 (Eric Heinze – Professor of Law and Humanities at the University of London, "Hate Speech and Democratic Citizenship", "The Prohibitionist Challenge", pgs. 149-152, https://books.google.com/books?id=UJJyCwAAQBAJandpg=PA150andlpg=PA150anddq=censoring+hate+speech+helps+the+right-wing+martyrandsource=blandots=aVdz0PZticandsig=prvOZgxAtkhebwxC7EDhcb6HDicandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwj0xaWXofLQAhXEwlQKHcqWDwUQ6AEIIjAB~~#v=onepageandq=censoring20hate20speech20helps20the20right-wing20martyrandf=false, EmmieeM)
American oppositionists have lacked domestic empirical evidence of ineffectiveness, available on the continent, 

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still-unconquered, non-viewpoint-punitive territory within public discourse. 

The constitutive obligation of the state is to protect citizen interest—individual obligations are not applicable in the public sphere. Goodin 95

Robert E. Goodin. Philosopher of Political Theory, Public Policy, and Applied Ethics. Utilitarianism as a Public Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 1995. p. 26-7
The great adventure of utilitarianism as a guide to public conduct is that it avoids 

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thus understood is, I would argue, a uniquely defensible public philosophy.

Independently, the ability to handle differing opinion is the most important internal link to competitiveness —- prevents workplace apathy and encourages diverse perspectives on issues

Viljoen 15 (Rica Viljoen - Adjunct Faculty at Henley Business School – Africa, "Inclusive Organizational Transformation: An African Perspective on Human Niches and Diversity of Thought", "2.8 Conclusion", https://books.google.com/books?id=WDE3DAAAQBAJandpg=PA46andlpg=PA46anddq=the+ability+to+handle+opposing+views+is+critical+forandsource=blandots=Zf3rT7MKovandsig=gtUj7Y8AxKh-TPNlCrT6ebbJ9Gsandhl=enandsa=Xandved=0ahUKEwjqqsus-tjQAhVB5mMKHb4ICiAQ6AEIHDAA~~#v=onepageandq=the20ability20to20handle20opposing20views20is20critical20forandf=false , pgs. 45-46, EmmieeM)
The integral inclusivity framework presented in Figure 2.2 depicts how, through the 

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diversity dynamics that typically may negatively impact on organizational behaviour, are optimized. 

Death is the worst form of evil since it destroys the subject itself.

Paterson 03 – Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island (Craig, "A Life Not Worth Living?", Studies in Christian Ethics.
Contrary to those accounts, I would argue that it is death per se that 

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the person, the very source and condition of all human possibility.82