Tournament: x | Round: Finals | Opponent: x | Judge: x
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Tournament: NDCA | Round: 6 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake EE | Judge: Achten

1AC

Human subjects are constituted or "interpellated" by language – we are subjects in society because we can be recognized by others. With this recognition comes a vulnerability to language – the possibility that words can injure us. But the social construction of subjects relies on the unpredictable, autonomous ways that language can act on its own and misfire. The attempt to limit the injurious effects of language therefore also limits the ability of language to make subjects recognizable in society.

-example – ability to re-appropriate terms like "queer" to constitute selves
-
Butler 97 ~Judith, Prof of gender studies @ Berkeley, A politics of
AND
yet been legitimated, and hence producing legitimation in new and future forms.

Independently, this deterministic understanding of speech is based on the view that hate speech is conduct rather than speech. The idea that such conduct can enact injury from its mere utterance is central to the persecution of queer folks and the assault on reproductive rights because it legitimizes the claim that the mere existence of queer people or legal abortion is injurious to the conservative identity.

Butler 97 ~Judith, Prof of gender studies @ Berkeley, A politics of the performative, Princeton Review Press~ CS
What hate speech does, then, is to constitute the subject in a subordinate
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conditions are graphically registered in urban African-American popular musical genres. 17

These regulations identify a culpable subject to be punished, ignoring the ways in which the social field structures the possibility of hate speech to begin with, localizing power relations to the site of the utterance. This "linguistification" of power downplays institutional violence

Butler 97 ~Judith, Prof of gender studies @ Berkeley, A politics of the performative, Princeton Review Press~ CS
Recent proposals to regulate hate speech on campus, in the workplace, and in
AND
effectively dissimulated by the "subject" who speaks the speech of hate.

Disciplinary power have threatened the possibility of a free subject – it's time for our political theory and praxis to be truly liberatory. Unfortunately, critiques of liberalism that demand protection from injurious speech have foreclosed this very possibility. Our primary resistance to oppression has taken a form that secretly colludes with oppression because it constructs injury as intrinsic to identity. Regulations on speech assume that hate speech is violent because it represents the historical injury that constitutes a group's experience, which treats that suffering as inescapable and intrinsic.

Brown 5 ~Wendy, Prof @ UC Berkeley, states of injury, pg 20-23, Princeton Review Press~ CS
A progressive politics of freedom responds to the Right's monopoly on positive discourses of freedom
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so forms an important clement of legitimacy tor the antidemocratic dimensions of liberalism. 

Thus The Role of the ballot is to vote for the debater best realizes the autonomous subject

This logic reinscribes exclusion and forecloses the possibility for transformational social change. By inscribing historical injury in a group's identity, the group forms a wounded attachment to its own suffering which prevents it from imagining and acting to realize a future free of that injury.

Bhambra 10—U Warwick—AND—Victoria Margree—School of Humanities, U Brighton (Identity Politics and the Need for a 'Tomorrow', http://www.academia.edu/471824/Identity_Politics_and_the_Need_for_a_Tomorrow_)
2 The Reification of Identity We wish to turn now to a related problem within
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to the identity being foreclosed through its attention to past-based grievances.

Thus, the plan text: Public colleges and universities within the united states ought to remove all current restrictions on speech

Exploiting the gap between language and social reality opens up the possibility for subversion. Performances intrinsic to our identities can unravel the underlying structures that perpetuate exclusion, and perverse that notion only makes things worse

Butler 97~Judith, Prof of gender studies @ Berkeley, A politics of the performative, Princeton Review Press~ CS
Thus a statement may be made that, on the basis of a grammatical analysis
AND
that speaking against the other, confounding the performative power of the threat.

Subverting and contesting language is crucial – the injurious power of speech occurs precisely because traditional linguistics fails to describe it. Vote affirmative to explore linguistic agency, it is the only way to retain and create a value to life, challenging what makes hateful speech so injurious in the first place.

Butler 97~Judith, Prof of gender studies @ Berkeley, A politics of the performative, Princeton Review Press~ CS
Linguistic survival" implies that a certain kind of surviving takes place in language.
AND
do we account for the specific kind of injury that language itself performs?

Tournament: Cal RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake EE | Judge: Kukreja, Alston

1AC r 1

1AC

Contention 1 is death:

The university is DEAD. With the advent of the neoliberal order, State Crackdowns are what stifle any possibility for change – Free speech zones on college campuses marginalize and criminalize any threat to the order. Protests are reduced simply to media spectacles, incapable of producing change

Elmer 8 (Greg Elmer, associate professor of communication and culture at Ryerson University, PhD in communication from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, director of the Infoscape Research Lab at Ryerson University, Andy Opel, associate professor of communication at Florida State University, PhD in mass communication from the University of North Carolina, member of the International Communication Association, November 2008, "Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future," pages 29-41)
SHORTLY AFTER THE LARGE-SCALE PROTESTS against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in
AND
political compliance as it is a technique for reducing actual risks and dangers.

Anti-Neoliberal movements are rising now – student protests are the leaders to this cultural shift – WTO teach-ins prove.

Gibson 15 ~(Robert, editor-in-chief of US Uncut. His work has been published in The Guardian, NPR, Al Jazeera America, Salon, and the Washington Post) America's Next Wave of Student Protests Takes Aim at Capitalism, U.S. Uncut 12-7-2015~ AT
After an historic year of campus activism, a new movement is building on college
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answer will be. But our goal is to make that conversation happen."

This is not going to be a debate about whether cap is good or bad, Rather this is a debate about our ability to Contest Cap. It is through this process of ideological hegemony that the vestige of neoliberalism sustains itself, a practice as old as modernity itself.

Panitch 13 ~(Leo, Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science at York University and editor of the Socialist Register ; and Sam Gindin) "The Making of Global Capitalism" Conclusion. Jan 31, 2013~ AT
Although the institutions of the European Union have more constitutional authority than other international organizations
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approval – which now appeared most dysfunctional for the management of global capitalism. 

Contention 2 is acceleration:

We will isolate 2 impacts.

First, Agency. This rationalist paradigm strips individuals of genuine political choice – a neoliberal political paradigm is presented as the only option because it is supposedly the most cost-efficient one. This depoliticization of economic policy reduces politics to a choice between two managers of the same policy preferences that are immune to questioning, dementing what it means to be a moral agent itself.

Hay 06 ~Colin, Professor of Political Analysis at University of Sheffield "The normalizing role of rationalist assumptions in the institutional embedding of neoliberalism" Tandf Online 21 Aug 2006~ AT
The 'disaffection' of previously engaged citizens from the democratic process is a key theme
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neoliberalism (at least in Britain) on stylized rationalist assumptions. Accordingly,

Second is extinction. The ideological commitment to neoliberalism makes structural collapse and mass inequality inevitable.

Bednarz 13 ~(Dan, Sociologist, has worked in academic public health, Associate Director of the Center for Public Health Practice at the University of Pittsburgh, has lectured at the university level in business strategy, organizational studies, sociology, and policy analysis) "Power, Identity and Social Change as We Enter Degrowth" Health After Oil, August 12~ AT
Almost all contemporary governments are ignoring or misinterpreting economic contraction, resource scarcities and biophysical
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vested interests, and the implicit threats of surveillance and state sanctioned violence.

Contention 3 is the solution

Education is increasingly driven by neoliberal forces – Student protests are crucial and have been used to decouple academia from the corporation through linking with larger social movements and fueling them.

Giroux 2 (Henry A. Giroux, "Neoliberalism, Corporate Culture, and the Promise of Higher Education", 2002, published by President and Fellows of Harvard College, https://geoggingclub.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/2002-giroux-neoliberalism-corporate-culture-and-the-promise-of-higher-education.pdf** ) Tristan Shaughnessy
Educators and students need to join with community people and social movements around a common
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... for the shape and function of the university curricula today. "120

Students should protest in higher education – they will constitute the next generation in challenging neoliberalism throughout their life and these protests will generate larger social movements that can challenge neoliberalism
Delgado and Ross 16 – Sandra Delgado (doctoral student in curriculum studies at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada) and E. Wayne Ross (Professor in the Faculty of Education at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada), "Students in Revolt: The Pedagogical Potential of Student Collective Action in the Age of the Corporate University" 2016 (published on Academia.edu)

As students' collective actions keep gaining more political relevance, student and university movements also establish themselves as spaces of counter-hegemony (Sotiris, 2014). Students are constantly opening new possibilities to displace and resist the commodification of education offered by mainstream educational institutions. As Sotiris (2014) convincingly argues, movements within the university have not only the potential to subvert educational reforms, but in addition, they have become "strategic nodes" for the transformation of the processes and practices in higher education, and most importantly for the constant re-imagination and the recreation of "new forms of subaltern counter-hegemony" (p. 1). The strategic importance of university and college based moments lays precisely in the role that higher education plays in contemporary societies, namely their role in "the development of new technologies, new forms of production and for the articulation of discourses and theories on contemporary issues and their role in the reproduction of state and business personnel." (p.8) Universities and colleges therefore, have a crucial contribution in "the development of class strategies (both dominant and subaltern), in the production of subjectivities, (and) in the transformation of collective practices" (p.8) The main objective of this paper is to examine how contemporary student movements are disrupting, opposing and displacing entrenched oppressive and dehumanizing reforms, practices and frames in today's corporate academia. This work is divided in four sections. The first is an introduction to student movements and an overview of how student political action has been approached and researched. The second and third sections take a closer look at the repertoires of contention used by contemporary student movements and propose a framework based on radical praxis that allows us to better understand the pedagogical potential of student disruptive action. The last section contains a series of examples of students' repertoires or tactics of contention that exemplifies the pedagogical potential of student social and political action. An Overview of Student Movements Generally speaking, students are well positioned as political actors. They have been actively involved in the politics of education since the beginnings of the university, but more broadly, students have played a significant role in defining social, cultural and political environments around the world (Altbach, 1966; Boren, 2001). The contributions and influences of students and student movements to revolutionary efforts and political movements beyond the university context are undeniable. One example is the role that students have played in the leadership and membership of the political left (e.g. students' role in the Movimiento 26 de Julio - M-26-7 in Cuba during the 50's and in the formation of The New Left in the United States, among others). Similarly, several political and social movements have either established alliances with student organizations or created their own chapters on campuses to recruit new members, mobilize their agendas in education and foster earlier student's involvement in politics2 (Altbach, 1966; Lipset, 1969). Students are often considered to be "catalysts" of political and social action or "barometers" of the social unrest and political tension accumulated in society (Barker, 2008). Throughout history student movements have had a diverse and sometimes contradictory range of political commitments. Usually, student organizations and movements find grounding and inspiration in Anarchism and Marxism, however it is also common to see movements leaning towards liberal and conservative approaches. Hence, student political action has not always been aligned with social movements or organizations from the political left. In various moments in history students have joined or been linked to rightist movements, reactionary organizations and conservative parties (Altbach, 1966; Barker, 2008). Students, unlike workers, come from different social classes and seemly different cultural backgrounds. As a particularly diverse social group, students are distinguished for being heterogeneous and pluralists in their values, interests and commitments (Boren, 2001). Such diversity has been a constant challenge for maintaining unity, which has been particularly problematic in cases of national or transnational student organizations (Prusinowska, Kowzan, and Zielińska, 2012; Somma, 2012). To clarify, social classes are defined by the specific relationship that people have with the means of production. In the case of students, they are not a social class by themselves, but a social layer or social group that is identifiable by their common function in society (Stedman, 1969). The main or central aspect that unites student is the transitory social condition of being a student. In other words, students are a social group who have a common function, role in society or social objective, which is "to study" something (Lewis, 2013; Simons and Masschelein, 2009). Student movements can be understood as a form of social movement (LuesherMamashela, 2015). They have an internal organization that varies from traditionally hierarchical structures, organizational schemes based on representative democracy with charismatic leadership, to horizontal forms of decision-making (Altbach, 1966; Lipset, 1969). As many other movements, student movements have standing claims, organize different type of actions, tactics or repertoires of contention, 3 and they advocate for political, social or/and educational agendas, programs or pleas.

Student protests have an awesome ability to spread and spark change through social media, which channels change into the minds of millions – also solves racist inequality

Curwen 15 Thomas Curwen. (2015). What's different about the latest wave of college activism. latimes.com. Retrieved 14 January 2017, from http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-campus-unrest-20151118-story.html AS
Although some of the strategies may seem familiar, it is the speed and the urgency of today's protests that are different. "What is unique about these issues is how social media has changed the way protests take place on college campuses," said Tyrone Howard, associate dean of equity, diversity and inclusion at UCLA. "A protest goes viral in no time flat. With Instagram and Twitter, you're in an immediate news cycle. This was not how it was 20 or 30 years ago." Howard also believes that the effectiveness of the actions at the University of Missouri has encouraged students on other campuses to raise their voices. "A president stepping down is a huge step," he said. "Students elsewhere have to wonder, 'Wow, if that can happen there, why can't we bring out our issues to the forefront as well?'" Shaun R. Harper, executive director of the University of Pennsylvania's Center for the Study of Race and Equity in Education, agrees. The resignation of two top Missouri administrators, Harper said, showed students and athletes around the country that they have power they may not have realized before. The protests show "we're all together and we have the power to make the change we deserve," said Lindsay Opoku-Acheampong, a senior studying biology at Occidental. "It's affirming," said Dalin Celamy, also a senior at the college. "It lets us know we're not crazy; it's happening to people who are just like you all over the country." Celamy, along with other students, not only watched the unfolding protests across the country, but also looked to earlier protests, including an occupation of an administrative building at Occidental in 1968. Echoes of the 1960s in today's actions are clear, said Robert Cohen, a history professor at New York University and author of "Freedom's Orator," a biography of Mario Savio, who led the Free Speech Movement at UC Berkeley in the 1960s. "The tactical dynamism of these nonviolent protests and the public criticism of them are in important ways reminiscent of the 1960s," Cohen said. "Today's protests, like those in the '60s, are memorable because they have been effective in pushing for change and sparking dialogue as well as polarization." Although the targets of these protests are the blatant and subtle forms of racism and inequity that affect the students' lives, the message of the protests resonates with the recent incidents of intolerance and racial inequity on the streets of America. There is a reason for this, Howard said. Campuses are microcosms of society, he said, and are often comparable in terms of representation and opportunity. "So there is a similar fight for more representation, acceptance and inclusion." The dynamic can create a complicated and sensitive social order for students of color to negotiate. "Latino and African American students are often under the belief if they leave their community and go to colleges, that it will be better," Howard said. "They believe it will be an upgrade over the challenges that they saw in underserved and understaffed schools. But if the colleges and universities are the same as those schools, then there is disappointment and frustration." In addition, Howard said, when these students leave their community to go to a university, they often feel conflicted. "So when injustice comes up," he said, "they are quick to respond because it is what they saw in their community. On some level, it is their chance to let their parents and peers know that they have not forgotten the struggle in the community." On campuses and off, Harper, of the University of Pennsylvania center, finds a rising sense of impatience among African Americans about social change. "As a black person, I think black people are just fed up. It's time out for ignoring these issues," he said. While protests in the 1960s helped create specific safeguards for universities today, such as Title IX, guaranteeing equal access for all students to any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance, a gap has widened over the years between students and administrators over perceptions of bias. Institutions often valued for their support of free speech find themselves wrestling with the prospect of limiting free speech, but to focus on what is or isn't politically correct avoids the more important issue, Cohen said: whether campuses are diverse enough or how to reduce racism. Occidental student Raihana Haynes-Venerable has heard criticism that modern students are too sensitive, but she argues that subtle forms of discrimination still have a profound effect. She pointed to women making less than men and fewer minorities getting jobs as examples. "This is the new form of racism," she said.

Contention 4 is framing

The Role of the Ballot is to assume the role of an academic fighting neoliberalism to reclaim the academy and higher education – a critical pedagogy will promote an awesome democratic society, decoupling academia from the hell-bent normative.

Henry A. Giroux | Public Intellectuals Against the Neoliberal University. (2016). Truthout. Tuesday, October 29, 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2016, from http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/19654-public-intellectuals-against-the-neoliberal-university) AS
Increasingly, as universities are shaped by an audit culture, the call to be
AND
with others, and transform, when necessary, the world around them.

Every instance of capitalism is key-Viewing capitalism as a series of contradictions allows us to find small spaces of disengagement, moving beyond the logic of "alternatives"

Wilson 12 ~Amanda DiVito Wilson (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada). "Beyond Alternative: Exploring the Potential for Autonomous Food Spaces." Antipode Vol. 45 No. 3 2013 ISSN 0066-4812, pp 719–737~ AJ
In light of the limitations of existing responses, what seems to be required is
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be the focus for an invigorated economic politics" (2003:127).

And the aff is prior question, revealing our choice in the neoliberal paradigm and deconstructing its rationalist assumptions are a prerequisite to generating any solution

Hay 06 ~Colin, Professor of Political Analysis at University of Sheffield "The normalizing role of rationalist assumptions in the institutional embedding of neoliberalism" Tandf Online 21 Aug 2006~ AT
however depoliticized and normalized neoliberalism has become, it remains a political and economic choice
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of the re-animation of a worryingly disaffected and disengaged democratic culture.

Tournament: CPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harker Lfu | Judge: Daniel Park

1ac r 1

The advantage is militarism

Free speech zones are a sham – rather than creating a space for speech, they confine dissent to overlooked corners of university campuses, where it is no longer effective. This regime of restrictions on free speech uses military tactics to suppress open debate and political dissent, an extension of the state’s extralegal violence in the War on Terror

Elmer 8 (Greg Elmer, associate professor of communication and culture at Ryerson University, PhD in communication from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, director of the Infoscape Research Lab at Ryerson University, Andy Opel, associate professor of communication at Florida State University, PhD in mass communication from the University of North Carolina, member of the International Communication Association, November 2008, "Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future," pages 29-41)
SHORTLY AFTER THE LARGE-SCALE PROTESTS against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in 

AND

political compliance as it is a technique for reducing actual risks and dangers.

Public colleges deploy a militarized strategy to prevent dissent – they ensure the continuity of militarism by criminalizing opposition to it

Neoliberalism, Militarization, and the Price of Dissent:  Policing Protest at the University of California Farah Godrej. Edited by Piya Chatterjee and Sunaina Maira. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 2014. AS
I have offered here a particular window into the ways in which the interests, 

AND

of neoliberal privatization requires that dissent continue, despite its high "price."

Militarism produces abhorrent violence – the fear of a phantom threat results in a limitless war against limitless enemies – only reconfiguring empire from within is politically effective

McClintock 9—chaired prof of English and Women’s and Gender Studies at UW–Madison. MPhil from Cambridge; PhD from Columbia (Anne, Paranoid Empire: Specters from Guantánamo and Abu Ghraib, Small Axe Mar2009, Issue 28, p50-74)
By now it is fair to say that the United States has come to be 

AND

"a catastrophic and catalyzing event—like a new Pearl Harbor." 12 

Dissent represents a threat to American militarism – the fear of dissent is rooted in a militaristic ideological framework that defines anyone who questions American values as a traitor and a threat.

Chatterjee and Maira | Introduction of Imperial University: Academic Repression and Scholarly Dissent. Minneapolis, US: Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web. Introduction by Piya Chatterjee and Sunaina Maira. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 2014. 2 December 2016. AS
Academic Containment: State warfare and militarism have shored up deeply powerful notions of patriotism

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that "advocacy for social change" was a professional risk for academics.

The impact is endless warfare—the fear of protest as "domestic insurgency" results in a new politics of military urbanism that extends warfare into the battlespace, with no beginning or end, and where everyone is a target.

Graham 12, Professor of Cities and Society at Newcastle University, January 2012, "When Life Itself is War: On the Urbanization of Military and Security Doctrine," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 36.1, pgs. 136 - 155
The first key feature of the new military urbanism is the way it normalizes new 

AND

advance of civil or criminal offences being proven (see Amoore, 2009). 

Plan text: Public colleges and universities should extend free speech zones to their entire campus.

Rod Kackley | Arizona Shuts Down College Campus Free Speech Zones in the Name of Free Speech. (2016). News and Politics. Retrieved 9 December 2016, from https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/2016/05/30/arizona-shuts-down-college-campus-free-speech-zones-in-the-name-of-free-speech/ Rod Kackley is an award-winning radio and print journalist who covers statehouse news from around the nation for PJ Media. He is also a novelist who has recently launched The St. Isidore Collection, a psychological thriller series, which begins with the novel "A Wicked Plan: Book 1 From the St. Isidore Collection." AS
State Rep. Anthony Kern said he handed out materials as part of a church 

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court finds that the university or community college has restricted the student’s speech.

Student Protest in Campuses specifically allows for the instigation of dissent and questioning of the Military Industrial Complex within the departments in the University that fuel the war—Vietnam War proves

Tilly et. al. Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, Charles Tilly. (1999). How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press. AS
The Anti-Vietnam War Movement and Science Although the United States had been involved 

AND

have ignored these protests. Yet that is not how the story unfolded. 

Free Speech zones stifle free speech and make it ineffective, cause more disruption, and allows for schools to selectively choose what speech is acceptable—squo shows no sign of stopping these zones even with court rulings that deem them unconstitutional

David Hacker, It's Time to End Public University Speech Zones, JURIST-Hotline, May 21, 2014, http://jurist.org/hotline/2014/may/david-hacker-speech-zones.php. David J. Hacker serves as senior legal counsel with Alliance Defending Freedom at its Sacramento, California Regional Service Center, where he leads litigation efforts to uphold the constitutionally protected rights of Christian students, faculty and staff at public universities across the nation. He joined Alliance Defending Freedom in 2005 and earned his J.D. from Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri. AS
Free speech zones on public university campuses sound wonderful in the abstract—a special 

AND

—and let students participate freely in the "marketplace of ideas."

Militarism through war structures all inequalities—not the other way around

John Horgan, Director of the Center for Science Writings at the Stevens Institute of Technology, 2012, The End of War, Chapter 5, Kindle p. 1600-1659
Throughout this book, I’ve examined attempts by scholars to identify factors especially conducive for 

AND

healthcare and education, an improved legal and political system—work for peace

The AFFs method is workable – we pose problems, study them scientifically, and then propose contingent solutions based on the political atmosphere – this procedure inspires critical thinking and bolsters decision-making because it inspires multiple questions and mechanisms to measure and test them to arrive at optimal outcomes

Bennet, Poli Sci Prof @ Penn State, 12 (Sara, "Guide to the Scientific Study of International Processes," John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Published. pp. 63-72)
*Scientific Study of International Politics = SSIP
Why is generalization or generalizability important

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of evidence, hypothesis, and testing, there should be no difference.

Debate about arcane legal details are crucial to the short-term survival of oppressed populations

Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010)
While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 

AND

going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive.

Debate’s focus shouldn’t solely be the production of ethical subjectivities.  Rather, taking stances on global issues is necessary to develop accountability to global violence.

David CHANDLER, Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, ‘9 ~"Questioning Global Political Activism," in What is Radical Politics Today? Ed. Jonathan Pugh, 2009, p. 81-84~
Today more and more people are ‘doing politics’ in their academic work. This 

AND

understand, critique and ultimately overcome the practices and subjectivities of our time.

Tournament: Golden Desert | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lynbrook SL | Judge: Fahey

1AC r 2

Advantage 1 is  insert edgy title

The student anti-militarism movement is back and growing – but colleges are cracking down. Ending the crackdown is key to the survival of the movement.

SW 5 ~(Socialist Workers) Cracking down on student protests, International Socialist Review10-7-2005~ AT
CAMPUS ADMINISTRATORS are cracking down on student activists who stand up against the presence of
AND
HCC and GMU students have a more powerful movement that's got their back."

In attempt to stifle the anti-war movement, the militarized state has cracked down on resistance to militarism – free speech zones criminalize and marginalize political protests into media spectacles incapable of effectuating change – policing tactics reinforce the violent logic of pre-emption that underlies global warfare

Elmer 8 (Greg Elmer, associate professor of communication and culture at Ryerson University, PhD in communication from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, director of the Infoscape Research Lab at Ryerson University, Andy Opel, associate professor of communication at Florida State University, PhD in mass communication from the University of North Carolina, member of the International Communication Association, November 2008, "Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future," pages 29-41)
SHORTLY AFTER THE LARGE-SCALE PROTESTS against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in
AND
political compliance as it is a technique for reducing actual risks and dangers.

Militarism requires dissent to be suppressed in colleges and universities to be criminalized – it is part and parcel of the state’s dissemination militarization of education and society at large

Godrej 14 Neoliberalism, Militarization, and the Price of Dissent:  Policing Protest at the University of California Godrej Farah. Edited by Piya Chatterjee and Sunaina Maira. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 2014. AS
I have offered here a particular window into the ways in which the interests,
AND
of neoliberal privatization requires that dissent continue, despite its high "price."

The impact is endless warfare—the fear of protest as "domestic insurgency" results in a new politics of military urbanism that extends warfare into the battlespace, with no beginning or end, and where everyone is a target.

Graham 12, Professor of Cities and Society at Newcastle University, January 2012, "When Life Itself is War: On the Urbanization of Military and Security Doctrine," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 36.1, pgs. 136 - 155
The first key feature of the new military urbanism is the way it normalizes new
AND
advance of civil or criminal offences being proven (see Amoore, 2009).

Advantage 2 is insert another edgy title

Colleges are the missing link in the expanding counter-movement to militarism – campus anti-war activism has failed to materialize, but is necessary to support broader global movements and turn the tide against the culture of US militarism

Harding and Kershner 11 ~(Scott Harding School of Social Work, University of Connecticut; and Seth Kershner, Simmons College) "Just say No": Organizing Against Militarism in Public Schools" Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare Vol. 38  Iss. 2 (2011)~ AT
Discussion Counter-recruitment demands that its activists perform the same sorts of functions normally
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also bolster global defenses against militarism at a time of increasingly global war.

It’s try or die for the global resistance – a brutal eruption of warfare and fascistic violence will soon engulf the globe – but the conditions are ripe for an equally powerful opposition movement to prevent global catastrophe

Socialist Equality Party (Uk) 16 ~(Socialist Equality Party (Uk), ) For A New Socialist Movement Against Militarism, Austerity And War, International Committee Of The Fourth International 11-14-2016~ AT

1. The Third National Congress of the Socialist Equality Party (UK) endorses
   AND
   the eradication of poverty and the raising of human culture to new heights.

Student protest on campuses specifically allows for the instigation of dissent and questioning of the Military Industrial Complex within the departments in the University that fuel the war—Vietnam War proves  means we solve

Tilly et. al. Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, Charles Tilly. (1999). How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press. AS
The Anti-Vietnam War Movement and Science Although the United States had been involved
AND
have ignored these protests. Yet that is not how the story unfolded.

Anti-war activism is alive and larger than ever – social media technologies and movement miscibility allow movements to gain wider audiences and challenge US militarism broadly – now is the key time for the movement to flourish

Vasi 06 ~Ion Bogdan Vasi (2006) The New Anti-war Protests and Miscible Mobilizations, Social Movement Studies, 5:2, 137-153~ AT
Mobilization against war has been one of the most visible forms of collective action in
AND
mobilization and to focus further research on the fluid processes of miscible mobilizations.

Thus, we defend that public colleges and universities in the united states ought not to restrict constitutionally protected speech

Advantage 3 is framing

Prioritize the ethical enframing of of the plan—Preventing our slide into a deeply violent and antidemocratic state requires rethinking the role of educators as engaged citizens and public intellectuals. The judge has an ethical obligation to resist the militarization of reason.

Giroux 13 ~Henry A. Giroux, Department of English and Cultural Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Neoliberalism’s War Against Teachers in Dark Times. Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 13(6) 458– 468. © 2013 SAGE Publications Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1532708613503769 csc.sagepub.com~ SW 12/14/15
The tragic deaths of 26 people shot and killed at Sandy Hook Elementary School in
AND
citizenship" (Nussbaum, 2009; also see, Nussbaum, 2010).

Debate about arcane legal details are crucial to the short-term survival of oppressed populations

Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010)
While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism
AND
takes on supreme significance in courts, politics, and regulatory agencies. It

Tournament: Berkeley | Round: Octas | Opponent: Palo Alto CF | Judge: Overing, Lallas, Kadie

The adv is Great Power war

The student anti-military movement is back and growing – but colleges are cracking down. Ending the crackdown is key to the survival of the movement.

SW 5 ~(Socialist Workers) Cracking down on student protests, International Socialist Review10-7-2005~ AT
CAMPUS ADMINISTRATORS are cracking down on student activists who stand up against the presence of 

AND

HCC and GMU students have a more powerful movement that's got their back."

In attempt to stifle the anti-war movement, the militarized state has cracked down on resistance to militarism – free speech zones criminalize and marginalize political protests into media spectacles incapable of effectuating change – policing tactics reinforce the violent logic of pre-emption that underlies global warfare

Elmer 8 (Greg Elmer, associate professor of communication and culture at Ryerson University, PhD in communication from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, director of the Infoscape Research Lab at Ryerson University, Andy Opel, associate professor of communication at Florida State University, PhD in mass communication from the University of North Carolina, member of the International Communication Association, November 2008, "Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future," pages 29-41)
SHORTLY AFTER THE LARGE-SCALE PROTESTS against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in 

AND

political compliance as it is a technique for reducing actual risks and dangers.

Colleges are the missing link in the expanding counter-movement to militarism – campus anti-war activism has failed to materialize, but is necessary to support broader global movements and turn the tide against the culture of US militarism

Harding and Kershner 11 ~(Scott Harding School of Social Work, University of Connecticut; and Seth Kershner, Simmons College) "Just say No": Organizing Against Militarism in Public Schools" Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare Vol. 38  Iss. 2 (2011)~ AT
Discussion Counter-recruitment demands that its activists perform the same sorts of functions normally 

AND

also bolster global defenses against militarism at a time of increasingly global war.

It’s try or die for the global resistance – a brutal eruption of warfare and fascistic violence will soon engulf the globe – but the conditions are ripe for an equally powerful opposition movement to prevent global catastrophe

Socialist Equality Party (Uk) 16 ~(Socialist Equality Party (Uk), ) For A New Socialist Movement Against Militarism, Austerity And War, International Committee Of The Fourth International 11-14-2016~ AT

1. The Third National Congress of the Socialist Equality Party (UK) endorses 

AND

the eradication of poverty and the raising of human culture to new heights.

Thus the plan text: Public colleges and universities in the united states should remove all restrictions on constitutionally protected speech

Solvency

Vietnam protests solved the war and were built out of campuses – other claims are based on Pentagon propaganda – the movement can spread to the mainstream within 3 years

Tom Hayden 15 ~The Forgotten Power Of The Vietnam Protest,andnbsp;1965-1975, Submitted To The Conference On The "Vietnam War Then And Now, Assessing The Critical Lessons" Nyu Center, Washington Dc, April 29-May 1, 2015~ AT
The 1965-75 peace movement reached a scale which threatened the foundations of the 

AND

never gathered for a reunion. Our differences were too great to reunite. 

Anti-war activism is alive and larger than ever – social media technologies and movement miscibility allow movements to gain wider audiences and challenge US militarism broadly – now is the key time for the movement to flourish

Vasi 06 ~Ion Bogdan Vasi (2006) The New Anti-war Protests and Miscible Mobilizations, Social Movement Studies, 5:2, 137-153~ AT
Mobilization against war has been one of the most visible forms of collective action in 

AND

mobilization and to focus further research on the fluid processes of miscible mobilizations.

Framing:

The aff makes unlimited assumptions they can critique, which is unpredictable and too broad and vague to engage – evaluating the plan’s hypothetical enactment provides a stable basis for engagement and preserves topic education

Focused debates about militarism holds policymakers accountable

Ewan E. Mellor 13, Ph.D. candidate, Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, 2013, "Why policy relevance is a moral necessity: Just war theory, impact, and UAVs"
This section of the paper considers more generally the need for just war theorists to 

AND

the public engagement and political activism that are necessary for democratic politics.52

The aff is a contingent demand on the state that seeks to reform it from within. Totalizing demonizations of power and government ignore complexities and uncertainties within power – exploiting these uncertainties from within challenges power and is more effective than simple rejection

Laura Zanotti 13, associate professor of Political Science at Virginia Tech., Ph.D. from the University of Washington in 2008 and joined the Purdue University faculty in 2009. "Governmentality, Ontology, Methodology: Re-thinking Political Agency in the Global World", originally published online 30 December, Sage
Unlike positions that adopt governmentality as a descriptive tool and end up embracing the liberal 

AND

position leads not to apathy but to hyper- and pessimistic activism.’’84 

Efforts at change can and must use dominant ideology by exposing its internal contradictions to create change

Kimberle Crenshaw 88, Law @ UCLA, "RACE, REFORM, AND RETRENCHMENT: TRANSFORMATION AND LEGITIMATION IN ANTIDISCRIMINATION LAW", 101 Harv. L. Rev. 1331, lexis
One wonders, however, whether a demand for shelter that does not employ rights 

AND

supra note 136, at I-32. ¶ FOOTNOTE 142 ENDS.

alienating ourselves from politics inevitably crushes movements for change and has empirically failed

Boggs 97 ~Carl, National University, Los Angeles, Theory and Society, "The great retreat: Decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America", December, Volume 26, Number 6~
The decline of the public sphere in late twentieth-century America poses a series 

AND

of those universal, collective interests that had vanished from civil society.

Tournament: CPS | Round: Semis | Opponent: Havard Westlake EE | Judge: x

1ac

The student anti-militarism movement is back and growing – but colleges are cracking down. Ending the crackdown is key to the survival of the movement.

SW 5 ~(Socialist Workers) Cracking down on student protests, International Socialist Review10-7-2005~ AT
CAMPUS ADMINISTRATORS are cracking down on student activists who stand up against the presence of 

AND

HCC and GMU students have a more powerful movement that's got their back."

In attempt to stifle the anti-war movement, the militarized state has cracked down on resistance to militarism – free speech zones criminalize and marginalize political protests into media spectacles incapable of effectuating change – policing tactics reinforce the violent logic of pre-emption that underlies global warfare

Elmer 8 (Greg Elmer, associate professor of communication and culture at Ryerson University, PhD in communication from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, director of the Infoscape Research Lab at Ryerson University, Andy Opel, associate professor of communication at Florida State University, PhD in mass communication from the University of North Carolina, member of the International Communication Association, November 2008, "Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future," pages 29-41)
SHORTLY AFTER THE LARGE-SCALE PROTESTS against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in 

AND

political compliance as it is a technique for reducing actual risks and dangers.

Colleges are the missing link in the expanding counter-movement to militarism – campus anti-war activism has failed to materialize, but is necessary to support broader global movements and turn the tide against the culture of US militarism

Harding and Kershner 11 ~(Scott Harding School of Social Work, University of Connecticut; and Seth Kershner, Simmons College) "Just say No": Organizing Against Militarism in Public Schools" Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare Vol. 38  Iss. 2 (2011)~ AT
Discussion Counter-recruitment demands that its activists perform the same sorts of functions normally 

AND

also bolster global defenses against militarism at a time of increasingly global war.

It’s try or die for the global resistance – a brutal eruption of warfare and fascistic violence will soon engulf the globe – but the conditions are ripe for an equally powerful opposition movement to prevent global catastrophe

Socialist Equality Party (Uk) 16 ~(Socialist Equality Party (Uk), ) For A New Socialist Movement Against Militarism, Austerity And War, International Committee Of The Fourth International 11-14-2016~ AT

1. The Third National Congress of the Socialist Equality Party (UK) endorses 

AND

the eradication of poverty and the raising of human culture to new heights.

Independently – Militarism requires dissent to be suppressed in colleges and universities to be criminalized – it is part and parcel of the state’s dissemination militarization of education and society at large

Godrej 14 Neoliberalism, Militarization, and the Price of Dissent:  Policing Protest at the University of California Godrej Farah. Edited by Piya Chatterjee and Sunaina Maira. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 2014. AS
I have offered here a particular window into the ways in which the interests, 

AND

of neoliberal privatization requires that dissent continue, despite its high "price."

Thus, I advocate that public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech.

Contention 2 is Solvency

Student protest on campuses specifically allows for the instigation of dissent and questioning of the Military Industrial Complex within the departments in the University that fuel the war—Vietnam War proves

Tilly et. al. Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, Charles Tilly. (1999). How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press. AS
The Anti-Vietnam War Movement and Science Although the United States had been involved 

AND

have ignored these protests. Yet that is not how the story unfolded. 

Anti-war activism is alive and larger than ever – social media technologies and movement miscibility allow movements to gain wider audiences and challenge US militarism broadly – now is the key time for the movement to flourish

Vasi 06 ~Ion Bogdan Vasi (2006) The New Anti-war Protests and Miscible Mobilizations, Social Movement Studies, 5:2, 137-153~ AT
Mobilization against war has been one of the most visible forms of collective action in 

AND

mobilization and to focus further research on the fluid processes of miscible mobilizations.

Contention 3 is framing

Militarism through war structures all inequalities—not the other way around

John Horgan, Director of the Center for Science Writings at the Stevens Institute of Technology, 2012, The End of War, Chapter 5, Kindle p. 1600-1659
Throughout this book, I’ve examined attempts by scholars to identify factors especially conducive for 

AND

healthcare and education, an improved legal and political system—work for peace

Debate about arcane legal details are crucial to the short-term survival of oppressed populations

Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010)
While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 

AND

to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive.

Tournament: HW | Round: 6 | Opponent: Brentwood EL | Judge: Ivens-Duran

1ac r 6

*1ac

Chapter 1 is Militarism:

The student anti-militarism movement is back and growing – but colleges are cracking down. Ending the crackdown is key to the survival of the movement.

SW 5 ~(Socialist Workers) Cracking down on student protests, International Socialist Review10-7-2005~ AT
CAMPUS ADMINISTRATORS are cracking down on student activists who stand up against the presence of 

AND

HCC and GMU students have a more powerful movement that's got their back."

In attempt to stifle the anti-war movement, the militarized state has cracked down on resistance to militarism – free speech zones criminalize and marginalize political protests into media spectacles incapable of effectuating change – policing tactics reinforce the violent logic of pre-emption that underlies global warfare

Elmer 8 (Greg Elmer, associate professor of communication and culture at Ryerson University, PhD in communication from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, director of the Infoscape Research Lab at Ryerson University, Andy Opel, associate professor of communication at Florida State University, PhD in mass communication from the University of North Carolina, member of the International Communication Association, November 2008, "Preempting Dissent: The Politics of an Inevitable Future," pages 29-41)
SHORTLY AFTER THE LARGE-SCALE PROTESTS against the World Trade Organization in Seattle in 

AND

political compliance as it is a technique for reducing actual risks and dangers.

Colleges are the missing link in the expanding counter-movement to militarism – campus anti-war activism has failed to materialize, but is necessary to support broader global movements and turn the tide against the culture of US militarism

Harding and Kershner 11 ~(Scott Harding School of Social Work, University of Connecticut; and Seth Kershner, Simmons College) "Just say No": Organizing Against Militarism in Public Schools" Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare Vol. 38  Iss. 2 (2011)~ AT
Discussion Counter-recruitment demands that its activists perform the same sorts of functions normally 

AND

also bolster global defenses against militarism at a time of increasingly global war.

It’s try or die for the global resistance – a brutal eruption of warfare and fascistic violence will soon engulf the globe – but the conditions are ripe for an equally powerful opposition movement to prevent global catastrophe

Socialist Equality Party (Uk) 16 ~(Socialist Equality Party (Uk), ) For A New Socialist Movement Against Militarism, Austerity And War, International Committee Of The Fourth International 11-14-2016~ AT

1. The Third National Congress of the Socialist Equality Party (UK) endorses 

AND

the eradication of poverty and the raising of human culture to new heights.

Thus, I advocate that public colleges and universities ought not restrict any constitutionally protected free speech.

Chapter 2 is Solvency:

Student protest on campuses specifically allows for the instigation of dissent and questioning of the Military Industrial Complex within the departments in the University that fuel the war—Vietnam War proves

Tilly et. al. Marco Giugni, Doug McAdam, Charles Tilly. (1999). How Social Movements Matter. University of Minnesota Press. AS
The Anti-Vietnam War Movement and Science Although the United States had been involved 

AND

have ignored these protests. Yet that is not how the story unfolded. 

Here’s more on the successful Vietnam counter-recruitment tactics:

Harding and Kershner 11 ~(Scott Harding School of Social Work, University of Connecticut; and Seth Kershner, Simmons College) "Just say No": Organizing Against Militarism in Public Schools" Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare Vol. 38  Iss. 2 (2011)~ AT
It is within this context of deeply embedded militarism that the practice of counter-

AND

contribution to their goal of contesting the vocational visions promoted by military recruiters. 

Anti-war activism is alive and larger than ever – social media technologies and movement miscibility allow movements to gain wider audiences and challenge US militarism broadly – now is the key time for the movement to flourish

Vasi 06 ~Ion Bogdan Vasi (2006) The New Anti-war Protests and Miscible Mobilizations, Social Movement Studies, 5:2, 137-153~ AT
Mobilization against war has been one of the most visible forms of collective action in 

AND

mobilization and to focus further research on the fluid processes of miscible mobilizations.

Chapter 3 is Framing:

Contingent demands like the aff are the best way to avoid abstraction and are key to creating real change and driving away the reigning ideology

Bryant 12 (levi, prof of philosophy at Collins college, Critique of the Academic Left, http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/)
The problem as I see it is that this is the worst sort of abstraction 

AND

. Instead we prefer to shout and denounce. Good luck with that.

Debate about arcane legal details are crucial to the short-term survival of oppressed populations

Arkles et al 10 (Gabriel Arkles, Pooja Gehi and Elana Redfield, The Role of Lawyers in Trans Liberation: Building a Transformative Movement for Social Change, Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 8 Seattle J. Soc. Just. 579, Spring / Summer, 2010)
While agenda-setting by lawyers can lead to the replication of patterns of elitism 

AND

going to continue to have to navigate government agencies and organizations to survive.

Vote aff – no trial and error approach with existential risks and a chance of escalation

Bostrom 02 (Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford, "Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards," Journal of Evolution and Technology, Volume 9, Number 1, Available Online at http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html, Accessed 07-04-2011, JG)
Our approach to existential risks cannot be one of trial-and-error. 

AND

action and to bear the costs (moral and economic) of such actions

Tournament: Mineapple | Round: Octas | Opponent: Syosset AM | Judge: Murphy,Quioroz, Nicol

1ac

The 1ac is here to tell a story and this round marks the beginning. Post 9/11 America relies on agents of surveillance that are dedicated to the extermination of the other under a humanitarian guise. this logic of risk management in combination with preventionist functions to assign us all the status of enemy— We are no longer reduced to bare life. All life has become bare.

Van Munster, 5/28/2014 – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, "The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule", Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 146-152) CS
A direct parallel, then, can be drawn between Agamben's notion of the camp
AND
elevation from homo sacer to an autonomous subject is only a secondary move. 

Police Practices ARE the sovereign — by instituting a mechanisms of self regulation we promote a violent form of subjectivization that renders all life null

Van Munster, 5/28/2014 – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, "The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule", Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 141) CS
Douglas, independent scholar, 2009 – (Jeremy, "Disappearing Citizenship: surveillance and the state of exception", published in Surveillance and Society Vol 6, No 1, p. 34-35 http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3402/3365) CS
Yet what emerges is, on the one hand, a theory of the top
AND
in terms of "bare life" and "the state of exception". 

Indeterminacy is our internal link—The lynchpin of the polices power comes from qualified immunity-it absolves the sovereign from accountability in unknowability as a tactic to curb citizen agency

De Stefan 16, Lindsey ~J.D. Candidate, 2016, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey.~, ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850  CS
Of course, the most outwardly evident and alarming problem with qualified immunity jurisprudence has
AND
no means 'clearly establish' that Brosseau's conduct violated the Fourth Amendment."1

The advent of these structures represents the cessation of our moral agency to the state—complacency in these mechanisms means that structures within the law like qualified immunity serve to diffuse conflict between citizens and the state- trapping us into a neverending cycle of endorsing violent subjectivities

Hassel 85
 Hassel, Diana. (Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Newark. Assistant United States Attorney, Southern District of New York) "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"  CS Missouri Law Review 1999 Current qualified immunity doctrine serves as a means to diffuse conflict. Without a clear rule that some kinds of civil rights harms will not be redressed, there is minimal pressure for change. This "hiding of the ball" quality of qualified immunity is why, in spite of many expressions of dissatisfaction with the system, there had been little effective rallying for change. The reason the discontent of the participants in this system has not led to a significant change is that the terms of the debate are defined by the immunity system rather than by the fundamental question of the extent of rights and liabilities in civil rights actions. The civil rights remedial scheme organized around qualified immunity thus has an inherently self-preserving or stabilizing quality. It allows for tinkering at the margins, but fundamental recasting of the terms of the debate is unlikely. My assertion that qualified immunity has a camouflaging effect on civil rights law is supported by a large body of scholarship that explores legal regimes that define reality in a way that limits the ability of the participants in the system to change it.'27 These scholars argue that when a legal system is accepted as being the only available way to organize an activity and thus seems inevitable, the legal system encourages acceptance of the status quo. 28 The insights gained by scholars working in this area are helpful to apply to the qualified immunity standard in order to explore its hold on the civil rights imagination. This analysis maps out the way a doctrine such as qualified immunity can develop into an obstacle to the very aims it professes to accomplish.
Those forms of biopolitical control generate the groundwork for racism and eugenics —- invisibility outweigh
AND
one hand and reduce political subjects to the naked life of homo sacer . 

Plan text

Thus we will defend the ethic of the USFG eliminating the the "clearly established" standard, which holds that police officers are entitled to qualified immunity as long as the law they broke was not clearly established

Sam Wright 15 ~(Sam Wright, public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government) Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity, Above the Law 11-3-2015~ LADI
Despite the fact that it doesn't appear to be supported by evidence, FBI Director
AND
show that that conduct's illegality has already been clearly established in the courts? 

Framing

The 1ac is not a plan it's a genealogical investigation of the way in which qualified immunity and doctrines writ large will function . The debate isn't about consequences, its about debating the way in which normative legal thought functions in modernity

Mills 8 (Catherine Mills is currently an ARC Future Fellow and Associate Professor of Bioethics in the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University. I was previously employed at University of Sydney, Australia, and have been Lecturer in Philosophy at University of New South Wales, and the Australian National University. I completed a PhD in Philosophy at the Australian National University.  My main research interests lie in the areas of biopolitics and bioethics.  "Playing with Law: Agamben and Derrida on Postjuridical Justice", The Agamben Effect p. 23-24) CS
To return to my starting point more can now be said of the idea of
AND
can study have no rightful end, it does not even desire one."

This is important- the inevitable framework shitstorm in the 1nc presmises their deliberation on the language of the state—call for the card, we do that

Also solves their kritiks, we view the law as more than just ends —- it is part of a slow unraveling of normative legality that will create a better vocabulary to discuss sovereign violence

Agamben, 2005 – professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris (Giorgio, "The State of Exception", pg. 63) CS
In the Kafka essay, the enigmatic image of a law that is studied but
AND
that absolutely cannot be appropriated or made juridical (Benjamin 1992, 41).

Theory is a form of ideological punishment that strives to tame unruly subjects, erasing their value in the process

Call '2 (Lewis Call, Associate Professor of History @ Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, "Postmodern Anarchism", pg 44-47, wcp)
Nietzsche's pseudoanarchistic critique of law and custom reaches its zenith in the second essay of
AND
opposition to the restrictive cultural and political consensuses enforced by modem liberal states.

This is also a linguistic claim, the role of the debate is a mediation of ideologies, the way in which we present arguments governs the interaction in itself, the 1AC controls the internal link to them

Lundberg 12 —- ‎Professor and Communication Strategies Consultant (Christian, Lacan in Public, Published by The University of Alabama Press, Project Muse)trepka
On Resistance: The Dangers of Enjoying One's Demands The demands of student revolutionaries and
AND
and productivity of frustrated demand as part and parcel of antagonistic democratic struggle.

Tournament: GBX | Round: 3 | Opponent: PCDS PW | Judge: Stuttgen

1ac

1ac—abhorrent history

The 1ac is here to tell a story and this round marks the beginning. Post 9/11 America relies on agents of surveillance that are dedicated to the extermination of the other under a humanitarian guise. this logic of risk management in combination with preventionist functions to assign us all the status of enemy— We are no longer reduced to bare life. All life has become bare.

Van Munster, 5/28/2014 – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, "The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule", Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 146-152) CS
A direct parallel, then, can be drawn between Agamben's notion of the camp
AND
elevation from homo sacer to an autonomous subject is only a secondary move. 

Police Practices ARE the sovereign — by instituting a mechanisms of self regulation we promote a violent form of subjectivization that renders all life null

Van Munster, 5/28/2014 – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, "The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule", Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 141) CS
Douglas, independent scholar, 2009 – (Jeremy, "Disappearing Citizenship: surveillance and the state of exception", published in Surveillance and Society Vol 6, No 1, p. 34-35 http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3402/3365) CS
Yet what emerges is, on the one hand, a theory of the top
AND
in terms of "bare life" and "the state of exception". 

Indeterminacy is our internal link—The lynchpin of the polices power comes from qualified immunity-it absolves the sovereign from accountability in unknowability as a tactic to curb citizen agency

De Stefan 16, Lindsey ~J.D. Candidate, 2016, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey.~, ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850  CS
Of course, the most outwardly evident and alarming problem with qualified immunity jurisprudence has
AND
no means 'clearly establish' that Brosseau's conduct violated the Fourth Amendment."1

The advent of these structures represents the cessation of our moral agency to the state—complacency in these mechanisms means that structures within the law like qualified immunity serve to diffuse conflict between citizens and the state- trapping us into a neverending cycle of endorsing violent subjectivities

Hassel 85
 Hassel, Diana. (Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Newark. Assistant United States Attorney, Southern District of New York) "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"  CS Missouri Law Review 1999 CS
 Current qualified immunity doctrine serves as a means to diffuse conflict. Without a
AND
one hand and reduce political subjects to the naked life of homo sacer . 

1ac—advocacy text

Thus we will defend the ethic of the united states federal government eliminating the the "clearly established" standard, which holds that police officers are entitled to qualified immunity as long as the law they broke was not clearly established

Sam Wright 15 ~(Sam Wright, public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government) Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity, Above the Law 11-3-2015~ LADI
Despite the fact that it doesn't appear to be supported by evidence, FBI Director
AND
show that that conduct's illegality has already been clearly established in the courts? 

1ac—framing

The 1ac is not a plan it's a genealogical investigation of the way in which qualified immunity and doctrines writ large will function . The debate isn't about consequences, its about debating the way in which normative legal thought functions in modernity

Mills 8 (Catherine Mills is currently an ARC Future Fellow and Associate Professor of Bioethics in the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University. I was previously employed at University of Sydney, Australia, and have been Lecturer in Philosophy at University of New South Wales, and the Australian National University. I completed a PhD in Philosophy at the Australian National University.  My main research interests lie in the areas of biopolitics and bioethics.  "Playing with Law: Agamben and Derrida on Postjuridical Justice", The Agamben Effect p. 23-24) CS
To return to my starting point more can now be said of the idea of
AND
can study have no rightful end, it does not even desire one."

This is important- the inevitable framework shitstorm in the 1nc presmises their deliberation on the language of the state—call for the card, we do that

Also solves their kritiks, we view the law as more than just ends —- it is part of a slow unraveling of normative legality that will create a better vocabulary to discuss sovereign violence

Agamben, 2005 – professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris (Giorgio, "The State of Exception", pg. 63) CS
In the Kafka essay, the enigmatic image of a law that is studied but
AND
that absolutely cannot be appropriated or made juridical (Benjamin 1992, 41).

Theory is a form of ideological punishment that strives to tame unruly subjects, erasing their value in the process

Call '2 (Lewis Call, Associate Professor of History @ Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, "Postmodern Anarchism", pg 44-47, wcp)
Nietzsche's pseudoanarchistic critique of law and custom reaches its zenith in the second essay of
AND
opposition to the restrictive cultural and political consensuses enforced by modem liberal states.

Statist societies are defined by exclusion – any subject faces the constant threat of being declared bare life, which means the kritik is a prerequisite to any moral theory

Robinson '11 (Andrew, Political Theorist, Activist Based in the UK and research fellow affiliated to the Centre for the Study of Social and Global Justice (CSSGJ), University of Nottingham, "Giorgio Agamben: The State and the Concentration Camp", January 7th, https://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-the-state-and-the-concentration-camp/, wcp)
Agamben defines sovereignty mainly in terms of exclusion or exception. Sovereignty is constitutive of
AND
outside normal laws – the refugee detention and border control regime for example.

Tournament: GBX | Round: 5 | Opponent: Holy Cross TL | Judge: Rahman

1ac

The 1ac is here to tell a story and this round marks the beginning. Post 9/11 America relies on agents of surveillance that are dedicated to the extermination of the other under a humanitarian guise. this logic of risk management in combination with preventionist functions to assign us all the status of enemy— We are no longer reduced to bare life. All life has become bare.

Van Munster, 5/28/2014 – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, "The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule", Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 146-152) CS
A direct parallel, then, can be drawn between Agamben's notion of the camp
AND
elevation from homo sacer to an autonomous subject is only a secondary move. 

Police Practices ARE the sovereign — by instituting a mechanisms of self regulation we promote a violent form of subjectivization that renders all life null

Douglas, independent scholar, 2009 – (Jeremy, "Disappearing Citizenship: surveillance and the state of exception", published in Surveillance and Society Vol 6, No 1, p. 34-35 http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3402/3365) CS
Yet what emerges is, on the one hand, a theory of the top
AND
in terms of "bare life" and "the state of exception". 

Indeterminacy is our internal link—The lynchpin of the polices power comes from qualified immunity-it absolves the sovereign from accountability in unknowability as a tactic to curb citizen agency

De Stefan 16, Lindsey ~J.D. Candidate, 2016, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey.~, ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850  CS
Of course, the most outwardly evident and alarming problem with qualified immunity jurisprudence has
AND
no means 'clearly establish' that Brosseau's conduct violated the Fourth Amendment."1

The advent of these structures represents the cessation of our moral agency to the state—complacency in these mechanisms means that structures within the law like qualified immunity serve to diffuse conflict between citizens and the state- trapping us into a neverending cycle of endorsing violent subjectivities

Hassel 85
 Hassel, Diana. (Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Newark. Assistant United States Attorney, Southern District of New York) "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"  CS Missouri Law Review 1999 CS
 Current qualified immunity doctrine serves as a means to diffuse conflict. Without a
AND
one hand and reduce political subjects to the naked life of homo sacer . 

I advocate nonviolence

Hart 12 ~(Kelly Rivera Hart, Reverend) What Is Nonviolence?, No Publication September 2012~ AT
Our Working Definition: "Nonviolence is a powerful method to harmonize relationships among people
AND
reach of persuasive efforts (though their effects may not be immediately visible). 

Thus we will defend the ethic behind the united states federal government eliminating the the "clearly established" standard, which holds that police officers are entitled to qualified immunity as long as the law they broke was not clearly established. Our argument is that the ideology behind this action is consistent with good ethical principles

Sam Wright 15 ~(Sam Wright, public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government) Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity, Above the Law 11-3-2015~ LADI
Despite the fact that it doesn't appear to be supported by evidence, FBI Director
AND
show that that conduct's illegality has already been clearly established in the courts? 

The 1ac is not a plan it's a genealogical investigation of the way in which qualified immunity and doctrines writ large will function . The debate isn't about consequences, its about debating the way in which normative legal thought functions in modernity

Mills 8 (Catherine Mills is currently an ARC Future Fellow and Associate Professor of Bioethics in the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University. I was previously employed at University of Sydney, Australia, and have been Lecturer in Philosophy at University of New South Wales, and the Australian National University. I completed a PhD in Philosophy at the Australian National University.  My main research interests lie in the areas of biopolitics and bioethics.  "Playing with Law: Agamben and Derrida on Postjuridical Justice", The Agamben Effect p. 23-24) CS
To return to my starting point more can now be said of the idea of
AND
can study have no rightful end, it does not even desire one."

Any kritik debate boils down to a question of sequencing—the affirmative resolves the legitimization of that violence while the other ideology can address the metaphysical underpinnings

Dean 15
Jodi, professor in the political science department @ Hobart and William Smith Colleges,  Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, Vol. 27, Issue 3, 2015, "SYMPOSIUM: CRAFTING COMMUNISM Red, Black, and Green," Taylor and Francis Online
In "The Party and Communist Solidarity," I urge communists to take up again
AND
relate to ourselves as comrades, as solidary members of a fighting collective.

Also solves their kritiks, we view the law as more than just ends —- it is part of a slow unraveling of normative legality that will create a better vocabulary to discuss sovereign violence

Agamben, 2005 – professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris (Giorgio, "The State of Exception", pg. 63) CS
In the Kafka essay, the enigmatic image of a law that is studied but
AND
that absolutely cannot be appropriated or made juridical (Benjamin 1992, 41).

Tournament: GBX | Round: 7 | Opponent: AHSDR AD | Judge: Zhou
1ac
The 1ac is here to tell a story and this round marks the beginning. Post 9/11 America relies on agents of surveillance that are dedicated to the extermination of the other under a humanitarian guise. this logic of risk management in combination with preventionist functions to assign us all the status of enemy— We are no longer reduced to bare life. All life has become bare.
Van Munster, 5/28/2014 – Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS) and teaches security studies at the Department of Political Science, University of Southern Denmark (Rens, "The War on Terrorism: When the Exception Becomes the Rule", Danish Institute for International Studies, p. 146-152) CS
A direct parallel, then, can be drawn between Agamben's notion of the camp
AND
elevation from homo sacer to an autonomous subject is only a secondary move. 

Police Practices ARE the sovereign — by instituting a mechanisms of self regulation we promote a violent form of subjectivization that renders all life null
Douglas, independent scholar, 2009 – (Jeremy, "Disappearing Citizenship: surveillance and the state of exception", published in Surveillance and Society Vol 6, No 1, p. 34-35 http://library.queensu.ca/ojs/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/3402/3365) CS
Yet what emerges is, on the one hand, a theory of the top
AND
in terms of "bare life" and "the state of exception". 

Indeterminacy is our internal link—The lynchpin of the polices power comes from qualified immunity-it absolves the sovereign from accountability in unknowability as a tactic to curb citizen agency
De Stefan 16, Lindsey J.D. Candidate, 2016, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey., ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850  CS
Of course, the most outwardly evident and alarming problem with qualified immunity jurisprudence has
AND
no means 'clearly establish' that Brosseau's conduct violated the Fourth Amendment."1

The advent of these structures represents the cessation of our moral agency to the state—complacency in these mechanisms means that structures within the law like qualified immunity serve to diffuse conflict between citizens and the state- trapping us into a neverending cycle of endorsing violent subjectivities
Hassel 85
 Hassel, Diana. (Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law. B.A. 1979, Mount Holyoke College; J.D. 1985, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Newark. Assistant United States Attorney, Southern District of New York) "Living a Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity"  CS Missouri Law Review 1999 CS
 Current qualified immunity doctrine serves as a means to diffuse conflict. Without a
AND
one hand and reduce political subjects to the naked life of homo sacer . 

I advocate nonviolence
Hart 12 (Kelly Rivera Hart, Reverend) What Is Nonviolence?, No Publication September 2012 AT
Our Working Definition: "Nonviolence is a powerful method to harmonize relationships among people
AND
reach of persuasive efforts (though their effects may not be immediately visible). 

Thus we will defend the ethic behind the united states federal government eliminating the the "clearly established" standard, which holds that police officers are entitled to qualified immunity as long as the law they broke was not clearly established. Our argument is that the ideology behind this action is consistent with good ethical principles
Sam Wright 15 (Sam Wright, public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government) Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity, Above the Law 11-3-2015 LADI
Despite the fact that it doesn't appear to be supported by evidence, FBI Director
AND
show that that conduct's illegality has already been clearly established in the courts? 

The 1ac is not a plan it's a genealogical investigation of the way in which qualified immunity and doctrines writ large will function . The debate isn't about consequences, its about debating the way in which normative legal thought functions in modernity
Mills 8 (Catherine Mills is currently an ARC Future Fellow and Associate Professor of Bioethics in the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University. I was previously employed at University of Sydney, Australia, and have been Lecturer in Philosophy at University of New South Wales, and the Australian National University. I completed a PhD in Philosophy at the Australian National University.  My main research interests lie in the areas of biopolitics and bioethics.  "Playing with Law: Agamben and Derrida on Postjuridical Justice", The Agamben Effect p. 23-24) CS
To return to my starting point more can now be said of the idea of
AND
can study have no rightful end, it does not even desire one."

Any kritik debate boils down to a question of sequencing—the affirmative resolves the legitimization of that violence while the other ideology can address the metaphysical underpinnings
Dean 15
Jodi, professor in the political science department @ Hobart and William Smith Colleges,  Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society, Vol. 27, Issue 3, 2015, "SYMPOSIUM: CRAFTING COMMUNISM Red, Black, and Green," Taylor and Francis Online
In "The Party and Communist Solidarity," I urge communists to take up again
AND
relate to ourselves as comrades, as solidary members of a fighting collective.

Also solves their kritiks, we view the law as more than just ends —- it is part of a slow unraveling of normative legality that will create a better vocabulary to discuss sovereign violence
Agamben, 2005 – professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris (Giorgio, "The State of Exception", pg. 63) CS
In the Kafka essay, the enigmatic image of a law that is studied but
AND
that absolutely cannot be appropriated or made juridical (Benjamin 1992, 41).

Tournament: MinneApple | Round: 1 | Opponent: Collegiate KY | Judge: Murphy

The advantage is Military Urbanism

We begin the 1ac with a story of terror— In an effort to fulfill modernity's foundational conquest, the marketized control of life itself, military doctrine invades the cityscape. Discplinary mechanisms are now the hallmark of civil society, blurring the ethical calculus of all by integrating into urban structures

Clement 12
(Matthew, doctoral candidate in sociology at the University of Oregon, "Neoliberalism, Imperialism, and the Militarization of Urban Spaces", Monthly Review, Vol. 64, Issue 5, http://monthlyreview.org/2012/10/01/neoliberalism-imperialism-and-the-militarization-of-urban-spaces)
Meanwhile, the militarization of cities around the world, in both the core and
AND
of urban and social life, blending invisibly with it" (91).

Policing is unique, — as the disciplinarians of the urban cityscape, they utilize overarching claims of terror to  blur the line between military violence and peacekeeping, legitimating the use of violence as a form of neocolonization

KRASKA 09 professor and senior research fellow, college of justice and strategy @ Eastern Kentucky University 2009  (Peter, "Militarization and Policing – It's Relevance to 21st Century Police",  Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Vol 1, Issue 4, p.1-2 note://// indicates par. breaks) CS
Simplicity is comforting. Modernity's basic dichotomies such as fact/value, private/
AND
police institution, the activity of policing, crime control, and warfare.

Indeterminacy is our internal link—The lynchpin of the polices power comes from qualified immunity-it absolves the sovereign from accountability in unknowability as a tactic to curb citizen agency

De Stefan 16, Lindsey ~J.D. Candidate, 2016, Seton Hall University School of Law; B.A., Ramapo College of New Jersey.~, ""No Man Is Above the Law and No Man Is Below It:" How Qualified Immunity Reform Could Create Accountability and Curb Widespread Police Misconduct" (2017). Law School Student Scholarship. Paper 850. http://scholarship.shu.edu/student_scholarship/850  CS
Of course, the most outwardly evident and alarming problem with qualified immunity jurisprudence has
AND
no means 'clearly establish' that Brosseau's conduct violated the Fourth Amendment."1

The advent of these structures represents the cessation of our moral agency to the state—complacency in these mechanisms means that structures within the law like qualified immunity serve to diffuse conflict between citizens and the state- trapping us into a neverending cycle of endorsing violent subjectivities

Hassel 85
 Hassel, Diana. (Associate Professor, Roger Williams University School of Law
AND
can develop into an obstacle to the very aims it professes to accomplish. 

The impact is endless warfare—-the security state has resulted in a new politics of military urbanism that extends warfare into the battlespace, with no beginning or end, and where everyone is a target.

Graham 12, Professor of Cities and Society at Newcastle University, January 2012, "When Life Itself is War: On the Urbanization of Military and Security Doctrine," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 36.1, pgs. 136 – 155, AJX
 The first key feature of the new military urbanism is the way it normalizes
AND
advance of civil or criminal offences being proven (see Amoore, 2009).

And this doctrine calls for the end of the public sphere – the collapse of citizen agency necessitates violent forms of moral conceptions demanding the extermination of the other

Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois '4
(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn)
(Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in
AND
including the house gun and gated communities; and reversed feelings of victimization).

Plan Text

Thus the plan text: The USFG should Remove the "clearly established" standard, which holds that police officers are entitled to qualified immunity as long as the law they broke was not clearly established

Sam Wright 15 ~(Sam Wright, public interest lawyer who has spent his career exclusively in nonprofits and government) Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity, Above the Law 11-3-2015~ LADI
Despite the fact that it doesn't appear to be supported by evidence, FBI Director
AND
show that that conduct's illegality has already been clearly established in the courts? 

Solvency

Solves indeterminacy—Eliminating the standard removes the cloak that veils police brutality, providing a solid ground for civil rights legislation confronts the heart of police avoiding the problems and is key to creating change

Hassel 99 Hassel, Diana. "Living A Lie: The Cost of Qualified Immunity." Missouri Law Review Vol 64 Issue 1. 1999. Web. October 06, 2016. http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3402andcontext=mlr. CS
The emphasis that qualified immunity places on the reasonableness of the defendant's actions rather than
AND
us peace, but it keeps from us the tools required for reform.

Also solves issues of brutal policing, forces the government to train and select better

Fallon and Meltzer 91. R. D. (Harry M. Cross Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, University of Washington; Pro- fessor of Law, Harvard University.  Professor of Law, Harvard University.) Harvard Law Review. June 1991 CS
 A body of official immunity law could easily be founded on the enduring,
AND
cost-avoiding measures, such as improved training and personnel selection.518

Framing

Rather than attempting to eliminate use of the law, you should adopt a politics of playing with the law —- switch it from sacred to toy —- in the context of this debate round that means using hypothetical implementation to deactivate the law—we control the internal link to every epistemology since the debate comes down to resisting the violence of the soverign

Mills 8 (Catherine Mills is currently an ARC Future Fellow and Associate Professor of Bioethics in the Centre for Human Bioethics at Monash University. I was previously employed at University of Sydney, Australia, and have been Lecturer in Philosophy at University of New South Wales, and the Australian National University. I completed a PhD in Philosophy at the Australian National University.  My main research interests lie in the areas of biopolitics and bioethics.  "Playing with Law: Agamben and Derrida on Postjuridical Justice", The Agamben Effect p. 23-24) CS
To return to my starting point more can now be said of the idea of
AND
can study have no rightful end, it does not even desire one."

Also solves their kritiks, we view the law as more than just ends —- it is part of a slow unraveling of normative legality that will create a better vocabulary to discuss sovereign violence

Agamben, 2005 – professor of philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris (Giorgio, "The State of Exception", pg. 63) CS
In the Kafka essay, the enigmatic image of a law that is studied but
AND
that absolutely cannot be appropriated or made juridical (Benjamin 1992, 41).

Tournament: Voices RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: West Valley JW | Judge: Steele

1AC

Top Level

====Nuclear power is a corporate sham – we are fed a narrative that presents it as the inevitable future because of its cost-efficiency – when in fact nuclear power is neither cost-effective nor safe – this fixation on profit is the root cause of environmental destruction====
Martin et. Al 84
(The main authors are Jill Bowling, Brian Martin, Val Plumwood and Ian Watson, with important contributions from Ray Kent, Basil Schur and Rosemary Walters. Strategy against nuclear power http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/86sa.html)
Why was the nuclear option taken? Nuclear power is not an automatic or inevitable
AND
oppose nuclear power effectively requires addressing the structures in which it is embedded.

This rationalist paradigm strips individuals of genuine political choice – a neoliberal political paradigm is presented as the only option because it is supposedly the most cost-efficient one. This depoliticization of economic policy reduces politics to a choice between two managers of the same policy preferences that are immune to questioning.

Hay 06 ~Colin, Professor of Political Analysis at University of Sheffield "The normalizing role of rationalist assumptions in the institutional embedding of neoliberalism" Tandf Online 21 Aug 2006~ AT
The 'disaffection' of previously engaged citizens from the democratic process is a key theme
AND
neoliberalism (at least in Britain) on stylized rationalist assumptions. Accordingly, 

Impact

Neolib itself is not intrinsically bad – but an ideological commitment to it that is seen as beyond question certainly is – clinging to this dying system results in civilization collapse and structural violence

Bednarz 13 ~(Dan, Sociologist, has worked in academic public health, Associate Director of the Center for Public Health Practice at the University of Pittsburgh, has lectured at the university level in business strategy, organizational studies, sociology, and policy analysis) "Power, Identity and Social Change as We Enter Degrowth" Health After Oil, August 12~ AT
Almost all contemporary governments are ignoring or misinterpreting economic contraction, resource scarcities and biophysical
AND
vested interests, and the implicit threats of surveillance and state sanctioned violence.

Solvency

Thus, I advocate a repoliticization of economic policy that begins with a country-wide opposition and boycott to the production of nuclear power.

Personal political action is key – this act of defiance affirms the power of individual choice in the face of market forces that attempt to quell personal agency

Robert V. Kozinets and Jay Handelman (1998) ,"Ensouling Consumption: a Netnographic Exploration of the Meaning of Boycotting Behavior", in NA - Advances in Consumer Research Volume 25, eds. Joseph W. Alba and J. Wesley Hutchinson, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 475-480.
Boycotting as Morally Transforming Behavior A new dimension extending beyond boycotting's functional image as a
AND
on alt.punk.straight-edge, 02/09/1997

And the aff is prior question, revealing our choice in the neoliberal paradigm and deconstructing its rationalist assumptions are a prerequisite to generating any solution

Hay 06 ~Colin, Professor of Political Analysis at University of Sheffield "The normalizing role of rationalist assumptions in the institutional embedding of neoliberalism" Tandf Online 21 Aug 2006~ AT
however depoliticized and normalized neoliberalism has become, it remains a political and economic choice
AND
of the re-animation of a worryingly disaffected and disengaged democratic culture.

Framing

The Role of the judge is to vote  for the debater that best deconstructs neoliberal norms.

The role of the ballot is to endorse the approach that best challenges the normalization of neolib. The debate should focus not on the consequences of the aff advocacy, but on what ideology the advocacy affirms. You should vote aff not because a boycott of nuclear power causes a decrease in neoliberalism, but because a boycott represents an ideological challenge to neolib.

This is the only viable strategy to resist coorporatization – using the debate space to question the ideological foundations of neolib is necessary to challenge it

Giroux, PhD, 2005
(Henry A., College Literature, Volume 32, No. 1, p. 10)
Such efforts must be understood as part of a broader attempt not only to collectively
AND
as the model for organizing all facets of everyday life (Henwood 2003).

And this is preferable to policy education—Criticism comes first – acting as advisors to policy-makers prevents a true intellectual space

Steele, 10 – Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Kansas
(Brent, Defacing Power: The Aesthetics of Insecurity in Global Politics pg 130-132, dml) ~gender/ableist language modified with brackets~
When facing these dire warnings regarding the manner in which academic-intellectuals are seduced
AND
a place fit for human habitation" (~1964~ 2006: 233). 

Refusal to question neoliberalism spills over to the real world—our refusal to question market norms imbues norms of fairness  and education with neoconservative ideology

Giroux 4 (Henry, professor of Cultural Studies at McMaster University, "Public Pedagogy and the Politics of Neo-liberalism: making the political more pedagogical" Policy Futures in Education, Volume 2, Number 3 and 4, 2004)
At this point in American history, neo-liberal capitalism is not simply too
AND
last 30 years, particularly under the ruthless administration of George W. Bush