Tournament: UH | Round: 3 | Opponent: errybody | Judge: arun
The actor should do the aff but restrict anti-Semitic speech through the Anti-Semitism Awareness ACT ADL

"The Anti-Semitism Awareness Act of 2016." ADL. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2016. No date no specific author (CWLC)

WHAT IS THE ... discriminatory anti-Jewish animus.

Anti-semitism is the largest manifestation of your impacts: it comes first under any interpretation of your framework ADL 2
"The Anti-Semitism Awareness Act of 2016." ADL. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2016. No date no specific author (CWLC)
Anti-Semitism is disturbingly ... all current manifestations.

There is a unique strand of anti-Semitism present in student activist movements: social progression doesn’t mean that activists get a pass: the cp instills a reasonable check

Berteaux, Anthony. "In the Safe Spaces on Campus, No Jews Allowed." The Tower. N.p., Feb. 2016. Web. 18 Dec. 2016. http://www.thetower.org/article/in-the-safe-spaces-on-campus-no-jews-allowed/ (CWLC)

excluding Jews from the ... such as Black Lives Matter.

Tournament: UH | Round: 3 | Opponent: errybody | Judge: arun
Do the aff but restrict harassment speech that does not comply with the regulations set forth by Title IX and Title IV DOJ:

U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Educational Opportunities Section April 22, 2016 Re: Title IX and Title IV Investigation of University of New Mexico https://www.justice.gov/opa/file/843901/download (CWLC)

The United States ... IX and Title IV

Tournament: UH | Round: 3 | Opponent: errybody | Judge: arun
The plan leads to more student lawsuits against universities Jensen ‘93 :
Ejner J. Jensen, Senate Assembly Chair, 2-8-1993, "The pros and cons of a policy covering hate speech," The University Record, http://ur.umich.edu/9293/Feb08'93/8.htm AD
Universities have a right ... that may be interpreted as harassment. 

Educational Malpractice suits will be filed to create accountability will turn case Lake no date : Peter F. Lake is director of the Center for Excellence in Higher Education Law and Policy at Stetson University College of Law. He is author of "Beyond Discipline: Managing the Modern Higher Education Environment," published in June by Hierophant Enterprises. Lake, Peter F. "Will Your College Be Sued for Educational Malpractice?" Stetson University Law (n.d.): n. pag. Web. http://www.stetson.edu/law/conferences/highered/archive/media/Will20Your20College20Be20Sued20for20Educational20Malpractice.pdf CJ
Moreover, in the ... meeting that goal.

Tournament: UH | Round: 3 | Opponent: errybody | Judge: arun
Title IX has led to restrictions now: the aff entails that the colleges ignore that and accept consequences  Richardson ’16:
Title IX order on campus ‘harassment’ violates rights, free speech advocates say. Bradford Richardson May 1, 2016. Washington Times

several free speech  ... weekend were unsuccessful

Violation of Title IX suits cost schools massive amounts of money, and suits are rising
The High Cost of Sexual Assaults on College Campuses By GAYLE NELSON | June 23, 2015 https://nonprofitquarterly.org/2015/06/23/the-high-cost-of-sexual-assaults-on-college-campuses/ (CWLC)
It is estimated ... sexual assault survey.

Loss of funding kills quality of education too – turns case Mitchell et all 2:
Years of cuts in state funding for public colleges and universities have driven up tuition and harmed students’ educational experiences by forcing faculty reductions, fewer courses offerings, and campus closings. These choices have made make college less affordable and less accessible for students who need degrees to succeed in today’s economy. YEARS OF CUTS HAVE MADE COLLEGE LESS AFFORDABLE AND LESS ACCESSIBLE FOR STUDENTS.Though some states have begun to restore some of the deep cuts in financial support for public two- and four-year colleges since the recession hit, their support remains far below previous levels. In total, after adjusting for inflation, funding for public two- and four-year colleges is nearly $10 billion below what it was just prior to the recession. As states have slashed higher education funding, the price of attending public colleges has risen significantly faster than the growth in median income. For the average student, increases in federal student aid and the availability of tax credits have not kept up, jeopardizing the ability of many to afford the college education that is key to their long-term financial success. States that renew their commitment to a high-quality, affordable system of public higher education by increasing the revenue these schools receive will help build a stronger middle class and develop the entrepreneurs and skilled workers that are needed in the new century. Of the states that have finalized their higher education budgets for the current school year, after adjusting for inflation:2 Forty-six states — all except Montana, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming — are spending less per student in the 2015-16 school year than they did before the recession.3 States cut funding deeply after the recession hit. The average state is spending $1,598, or 18 percent, less per student than before the recession. Per-student funding in nine states — Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina — is down by more than 30 percent since the start of the recession. In 12 states, per-student funding fell over the last year. Of these, four states — Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, and Vermont — have cut per-student higher education funding for the last two consecutive years. In the last year, 38 states increased funding per student. Per-student funding rose $199, or 2.8 percent, nationally. Deep state funding cuts have had major consequences for public colleges and universities. States (and to a lesser extent localities) provide roughly 54 percent of the costs of teaching and instruction at these schools.4 Schools have made up the difference with tuition increases, cuts to educational or other services, or both. Since the recession took hold, higher education institutions have: Increased tuition. Public colleges and universities across the country have increased tuition to compensate for declining state funding and rising costs. Annual published tuition at four-year public colleges has risen by $2,333, or 33 percent, since the 2007-08 school year.5 In Arizona, published tuition at four-year schools is up nearly 90 percent, while in six other states — Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, and Louisiana — published tuition is up more than 60 percent. These sharp tuition increases have accelerated longer-term trends of college becoming less affordable and costs shifting from states to students. Over the last 20 years, the price of attending a four-year public college or university has grown significantly faster than the median income.6 Although federal student aid and tax credits have risen, on average they have fallen short of covering the tuition increases. Tuition increases have compensated for only part of the revenue loss resulting from state funding cuts. Over the past several years, public colleges and universities have cut faculty positions, eliminated course offerings, closed campuses, and reduced student services, among other cuts. A large and growing share of future jobs will require college-educated workers.7 Sufficient public investment in higher education to keep quality high and tuition affordable, and to provide financial aid to students who need it most, would help states develop the skilled and diverse workforce they will need to compete for these jobs. Sufficient public investment can only occur, however, if policymakers make sound tax and budget decisions. State revenues have improved significantly since the depths of the recession but are still only modestly above pre-recession levels.8 To make college more affordable and increase access to higher education, many states need to supplement that revenue growth with new revenue to fully make up for years of severe cuts. But just as the opportunity to invest is emerging, lawmakers in a number of states are jeopardizing it by entertaining tax cuts that in many cases would give the biggest breaks to the wealthiest taxpayers. In recent years, states such as Wisconsin, Louisiana, and Arizona have enacted large-scale tax cuts that limit resources available for higher education. And in Illinois and Pennsylvania ongoing attempts to find necessary resources after large tax cuts threaten current and future higher education funding.

Funding cuts make colleges neoliberal paradises and ruins lower class mobility: turns case
Goldberg, Michelle. "This Is What Happens When You Slash Funding for Public Universities." The Nation. N.p., 09 July 2015. Web. 05 Jan. 2017. https://www.thenation.com/article/gentrification-higher-ed/ (CWLC)

Many of the ... saw their futures blighted.

Funding cuts cause a closing down of black colleges and community builders: damages black empowerment
Historically black colleges in financial fight for their future Institutions assert their relevance amid financial concerns, falling enrollment October 22, 2013 11:00AM ET by Dexter Mullins (CWLC)

In the last few years, ... Making It Happen."

HBCUS are bastions of racial support: it’s the best way to uplift people of color
 The Power of HBCU Magic By Nyah Hardmon Published on August 23, 2016

When you grow ... ’till the end. 

Its proven: HBCUS have large uplift rates
Historically black colleges in financial fight for their future Institutions assert their relevance amid financial concerns, falling enrollment October 22, 2013 11:00AM ET by Dexter Mullins

Questions about the ... how relevant they are."

Tournament: UH | Round: 3 | Opponent: errybody | Judge: arun
analytic fwk
Thus the standard is consistency with a system of equal and outer freedoms.
Offense:
1)  The AFF allows for hate speech McGoughLos Angeles Times’ senior editorial writer, based in Washington, D.C. He has been writing editorials for The Times since 2006. Before that, McGough worked for 30 years for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette as a reporter, editorial writer, editorial page editor and Washington correspondent, 2015
Michael, “Sorry, kids, the 1st Amendment does protect 'hate speech'”, LA Times, October 30th, Online: http://www.latimes.com/opinion/opinion-la/la-ol-colleges-hate-speech-1st-amendment-20151030-story.html

As Eugene Volokh  ... whatever college students think.
A system of equal and outer freedoms ought not tolerate hate speech Varden 1 :
On the Kantian ... behalf of all citizens.

2) The aff allows for seditious speech since it is protected by the Brandenburg v Ohio Supreme Court decision but is incompatible with the system of equal and outer freedoms Varden 2:
To understand Kant’s...a public crime (6: 331).

Tournament: UH | Round: 3 | Opponent: errybody | Judge: arun
T – Must Defend Internet Rights
A. The affirmative on the 2016-2017 Jan-Feb topic must defend that Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech on the Internet as well.
B.
C.  

1. Topic Lit – First Amendment Protections do not change based on the medium of expressions FIRE no date: FIRE. "FIRE's Guide to Free Speech on Campus - Full Text." FIRE. Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, n.d. Web. 04 Jan. 2017. https://www.thefire.org/fire-guides/fires-guide-to-free-speech-on-campus-3/fires-guide-to-free-speech-on-campus-full-text-2/#__RefHeading__2706_2128351051.
   It is this new ... evaluate it—is not. 

Internet Speech rights are the most current frontier of the free speech college debate FIRE 2:
Given the incredible ... private student speech.

2. Ground –
In fact, its core neg turn ground Garland ’12 :
Garland, Michelle Epstein. "Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange." UTennesse. Doctoral Student/Graduate Teaching Associate  at College of Communication and Information University of Tennessee, 2012. Web. 04 Jan. 2017. http://trace.tennessee.edu/ccisymposium/2012/session4/4/.
Hate mail via ... they can be anonymous.21

Vote on fairness. Education is a voter
Competing Interps
DTD
No RVI

Tournament: tfa | Round: Finals | Opponent: everyone | Judge: everyone
A: Debaters on the 2016-2017 March-April LD topic must specify via an explicit text in the 1AC the actor, policy, enforcement mechanism, funding mechanism and be backed by a solvency advocate who defends those aspects of the plan.
B: They don’t.
C:
Division of Ground:
Speccing affects your solvency - The right may be important but International Law and the US Government have historically used various modes of implementation IHRC :
CESC recognizes that…. a fundamental right of its own.

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
CP: The Aff actor will use nominal damage suits in the case of civil rights litigation
Pfander, James E. "Resolving the Qualified Immunity Dilemma: Constitutional Tort Claims for Nominal Damages." Columbia Law Review (2011): 1601-1639. (CWLC)
The suit for  ... clearly established norms.

Solves 100 of the aff and mitigates the aff entirely
Pfander, James E. "Resolving the Qualified Immunity Dilemma: Constitutional Tort Claims for Nominal Damages." Columbia Law Review (2011): 1601-1639. (CWLC)
Applying the principles  ...  addresses these concerns.

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
QI Leads to deterred policing Rosen ’05:
Rosen, Michael M. "Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, with Some Suggestions for Its Improvement, A." Golden Gate UL Rev. 35 (2005): 139. (CWLC)
It is hard to  ... respectfully treating all citizens.

Decline of active and engaged policing is driving a record spike in crime, caused by police fear of backlash
Hofstetter 16
Hofstetter, George. "Proactive Policing and the Violent Crime Rate." Proactive Policing and the Violent Crime Rate. N.p., 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?m=1119707513166andca=4a80a442-8caf-45c4-97ca-745c0f1b6f88. Premier (RECUT CWLC)

This past week,  ... levels not seen in years. 

Crime is bad Jrank
 Economic and Social Effects of Crime - Growing Interest In The Costs Of Crime, Determining Costs, The High Cost Of Crime, Community Efforts To Avoid Crime Costs - JRank Articles http://law.jrank.org/pages/12125/Economic-Social-Effects-Crime.html#ixzz4Pw7KLd1h
Crime is a major  ... reaching upward toward $1.7 trillion.

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
Indemnification is used constantly Schwartz ’14:
Schwartz, Joanna C., Police Indemnification (June 2014). 89 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 885 (2014). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2297534 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2297534 (CWLC)
The assumption that  ... officers’ liability exposure

Results are key to your solvency: Packman ’09:
The Myth of Police Misconduct Lawsuits August 9, 2009 @ 11:52 AM by David Packman

There are a lot of ...  main ways we find out about misconduct.

Winning is required for all your solvency: there’s no backlash if there was no penalty to the state Wing ’15:
Wing, Nick. "We Pay A Shocking Amount For Police Misconduct, And Cops Want Us Just To Accept It. We Shouldn't." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 29 May 2015. Web. 16 Oct. 2016. (CWLC)

The sheer size of ...  eventually pay for that misconduct.

City budgets are at the brink: Weisser nov 7
Weisser, Cybele. "State and City Budget Blues: Pressures Keep Piling up." The State. N.p., 7 Nov. 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.thestate.com/news/business/article113009143.html. (CWLC)
It's not just  ... "Someone has to be left holding the bag

Indemnification costs millions: tanks budgets: Ferguson proves Prall ’14:
Prall, Derek. "Who Pays for Police Misconduct?" Officer Indemnification Is Costing Cities $ Millions. N.p., 10 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://americancityandcounty.com/law-enforcement/who-pays-police-misconduct. (CWLC)
Cases like those of  ...  in the right direction.

Two Impacts

1 is police
Turns case cities make police more aggressive Vibes ’14:
Vibes, John. "Ferguson to Solve Budget Crisis by Ordering Their Police to Be More Aggressive." The Free Thought Project. N.p., 15 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://thefreethoughtproject.com/ferguson-police-ordered-start-writing-tickets-solve-citys-budget-crisis/#D9HXDXvtpXzikWDF.99. (CWLC)

Ferguson, Missouri – While ....revenue stream,” Zweifel said. 

Ticketing exacerbates structural inequalities Solon ’14:
Solon, Sarah. "Preying on the Poor: For-Profit Probation Edition." American Civil Liberties Union. N.p., 18 June 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. https://www.aclu.org/blog/preying-poor-profit-probation-edition. (CWLC)

Borrowing from the payday  ...  with the for-profit probation industry.
Black people are uniquely targeted exacerbates racism turns case Kopf ’16:
Kopf, Dan. "The Fining of Black America." Priceonomics. N.p., 24 June 2016. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. https://priceonomics.com/the-fining-of-black-america/. (CWLC)

In March 2010, years ... but a racial one. 

cases clog courts and end reasonable judgement: people go to prison Emshwiller ’14:
Emshwiller, John R., and Gary Fields. "Justice Is Swift as Petty Crimes Clog Courts." WSJ. Wsj.com, 30 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.wsj.com/articles/justice-is-swift-as-petty-crimes-clog-courts-1417404782. (CWLC)
For the millions of  ... to them except for bad things.”

2 is city budgets

Lack of budget destroys livelihood of the marginalized Lowrey ’16:
Lowrey, Annie. "As Automatic Budget Cuts Go Into Effect, Poor May Be Hit Particularly Hard." The New York Times. The New York Times, 03 Mar. 2013. Web. 13 Nov. 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/04/us/politics/poor-face-most-pain-as-automatic-budget-cuts-take-effect.html. (CWLC)

WASHINGTON — The $85 billion  ... annual appropriations process vv

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
Overturning a supreme court decision rarely happens and requires a test case to do so Grabianowski no date :
The U.S. Supreme Court is ... (partly due to stare decisis).

Sua Sponte describes the action of the court when it does something without tests cases Milano and Smith 1 :
Translated from its original Latin, ... issues will be adjudicated. 10 

Overturning without a test case requires sua sponte destroys court legitimacy Milani and Smith 2:
Sua sponte decisions  ... which I shall not put." 211

  Ed Grabianowski  (Ed Grabianowski is a freelance writer from Buffalo, N.Y. He previously worked as a newspaper reporter and attended school at SUNY Plattsburgh and Kansas State University. ) “10 Overturned Supreme Court Cases” (no date) http://money.howstuffworks.com/10-overturned-supreme-court-cases.htm 

  Adam A. Milani and Michael R. Smith 2002(Assistant Professor, Mercer University School of Law, Associate Professor, Mercer University School of Law; 69 Tenn. L. Rev. 245, *) PLAYING GOD: A CRITICAL LOOK AT SUA SPONTE DECISIONS BY APPELLATE COURTS* ADAM A. MILANI AND MICHAEL R. SMITH*

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
Qualified immunity is a key protection against uses of section 1983 claims to encroach on states rights and laws – immunity returns power to state courts Putnam ‘92
To place this  ...  statutory or constitutional mandate."2

The plan overturns a delicate balance of federalism: police and court power are key – especially to public health law and the medical system Hodge 98
Because of the  ... properties of the people.

Federalism turns case – it’s key to authentic democracy – government accountability, citizen involvement, and checks and balances Diamond ‘04   
Third, democracy has s ...  against the concentration and abuse of power.

   – Charles Putnam, Office of the New Hampshire Attorney General: 1992(“Defending a Maligned Defense: The Policy Bases of the Qualified Immunity Defense in Actions Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983”, Bridgeport Law Review Available at  https://www.qu.edu/prebuilt/pdf/SchoolLaw/LawReviewLibrary/26_12UBridgeportLRev665(1991-1992).pdf Accessed on 11/04/16)IG
   James G. Hodge Jr. (Professor of Public Health Law and Ethics at Arizona State University), "The Role of New Federalism and Public Health Law," Journal of Law and Health AZ

  (Larry, Professor of Political Science at Stanford, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, founding coeditor of the Journal of Democracy. Conference on Fiscal and Administrative Decentralization, “Why Decentralize Power in A Democracy?” February 12 2004. http://www.stanford.edu/~ldiamond/iraq/Decentralize_Power021204.htm AD 7/5/09) JM

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
Ought implies a moral obligation so I value morality. Moral statements are expressions of our emotive state in describing our feelings toward a particular issue.

Ayer, (Alfred Jules, Language, Truth, and Logic: Critique of Ethics and Theology, p. 107-112, 1946, JD)

We begin by  ... any assertion about them.

Thus, ethical judgments are only reflective of our emotional feelings. This means that morality escapes notions of truth and falsity as an unanalyzable concept.

Ayer 2, (Alfred Jules, Language, Truth, and Logic: Critique of Ethics and Theology, p. 107-112, 1946, JD)

We can now ... express genuine propositions.

This means the aff can never proactively prove the resolution as valid since ethical judgments only are an expression of feeling, not factual concepts.

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
A. Interpretation: If the affirmative reads a parametricized advocacy, they must have a qualified solvency advocate who advocates for every part of the plan text in the lined down text of the evidence.
B.
C.
Fiat Abuse:
Ground:

Tournament: Isidore | Round: 1 | Opponent: idk | Judge: idk
A: The aff must defend an enactable policy.
B: It’s the "Supreme Court of the United States", the United States Supreme Court doesn't exist.
1)
SCOTUS "A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court"  https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/briefoverview.aspx December 02, 2016
Constitutional Origin. Article III, §1, of the Constitution provides that "the judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The Supreme Court of the United States was created in accordance with this provision and by authority of the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789 (1 Stat. 73). It was organized on February 2, 1790.
SCOTUS 2  
The Supreme Court has a traditional seal, which is similar to the Great Seal of the United States, but which has a single star beneath the eagle's claws— symbolizing the Constitution's creation of "one Supreme Court." The Seal of the Supreme Court of the United States is kept in the custody of the Clerk of the Court and is stamped on official papers, such as certificates given to attorneys newly admitted to practice before the Supreme Court. The seal now used is the fifth in the Court's history. 

2) the aff does not use the word resolved which means without "resolved" their text is at best a draft or idea for a policy, not one that is finalized and thus ready to be enacted

C: 1) Real World education—
2) Resolvability—

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Travis | Judge: Harwood
CP switch to LFTRs

Hargraves and Moir
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors: An old idea in nuclear power gets reexamined Author(s): Robert Hargraves and Ralph Moir Source: American Scientist, Vol. 98, No. 4 (July-August 2010),
Liquid fuel thorium ... shutdown of the reactor.

Thorium solves: no waste Hargraves and Moir
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors: An old idea in nuclear power gets reexamined Author(s): Robert Hargraves and Ralph Moir Source: American Scientist, Vol. 98, No. 4 (July-August 2010),
Among the most ... power with minimal waste.

Thorium good- no radiation damage Hargraves and Moir
Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors: An old idea in nuclear power gets reexamined Author(s): Robert Hargraves and Ralph Moir Source: American Scientist, Vol. 98, No. 4 (July-August 2010),
Liquid fuel thorium ... efficiency of the liquid fuel.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Travis | Judge: Harwood
Counterplan Text: amend the RCRA to allow native sovereignty over waste Sehgal:
2011 Article 2 Indian Tribal Sovereignty and Waste Disposal Regulation A Cassidy Sehgal∗
Unlike other environmental... can protect the environment.

Solves all sovereignty claims and better than aff world for sovereignty: your coloniality claims are the basis for every impact: if the decision is autonomous you have no link to impacts: means I solve better

Net Benefit

“Fixing things” for Natives in waste turns case hard: you reify notions of oppression Gover and Walker
Kevin Gover and Jana L. Walker, Escaping Environmental Paternalism: One Tribe's Approach to Developing a Commercial Waste Disposal Project in Indian Country, 63 U. CoLo. L. REv 933 (1992)
  For tribes considering ... right to make it.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: HW WP | Judge: Theis
CP: mine saltwater
Conca '16:
MAR 24, 2016 @ 06:00 AM 8,476 VIEWSThe Little Black Book of Billionaire Secrets Is Nuclear Power A Renewable Or A Sustainable Energy Source? James Conca

But using U extracted ... humans need energy.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Lake Travis | Judge: Harwood
Framework:
(analytic)

AND reasons that we can act upon rightfully must be universalizable Engstrom:
Stephen Engstrom Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pittsburgh. Universal Legislation as a Form of Practical Knowledge.

As I mentioned... be practical knowledge.

Offense:
(analytic)

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: HW WP | Judge: Theis
A. If the affirmative defends a policy action defending a nuclear power phaseout, then it must be completed either immediately or by January 1’st 2017.

 
DA Ground
Topic Lit
Stable Advocacy
Fairness
Education

Tournament: emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: byram hills jb | Judge: nathan johnston
INTERP— The affirmative must defend the hypothetical implementation of the resolution by the United States federal government.

1. “Resolved” denotes a policy action.
   Words and Phrases ‘64 Permanent Edition
   Definition of the word ... establish by law”. 

2 - “Resolved” is legislative  
Jeff Parcher 1, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html
Pardon me if I ... to a question.   

3. the agent of the resolution is the United States federal government

C - Clash

Minoritorian becoming requires protocols of experimentation --- that necessitates topical switch side debate to begin becoming. BOGUE ’11:
Bogue, Ronald. Professor at Franklin College. “Deleuze and Guattari and the Future of Politics: Science Fiction, Protocols, and the People to Come.” 2011.
Fabulation does not ... revolutionary action and passion’.

Topical version of the aff 

The voter is the ROB—all the offense turns the AC’s link to it
jurisdiction
Competing Interpretations
DTD
No RVI