Tournament: All | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Feel free to contact me about anything, whether before a round or if you have any questions about a position I read. I'm reachable at all but I check texts and Facebook messages the most. I'm willing to meet whatever interps you have if you just contact me before round. 

Also, Debate should be fun and safe for all of us- please let me know if there is something that would be triggering/upsetting to you and I will not read it.

Phone - (713)454-3778
Facebook - Tess Welch
Email - bammytess8@gmail.com

Also check my any of my teammates' wikis for other broken positions.

Tournament: All | Round: 2 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
For some reason, past 2N strategies seem to tell people a lot about the type of negative debater I am. Everything I disclose is something I would have read in the 1N. So seeing as how you can't go new in the 2 - the stuff on my wiki would all be free game for what I go for in the 2N. 

(note: idk why this is super important to the aff that you want to read, but whatever helps.)

Tournament: All | Round: 3 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
0 means cites that arent actually cites
1 means cites that are theory / interps and shells and stuff
2 means eveything else that isn't resolutional

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cypress Woods CJ | Judge: Kris Wright
1
A) Counter Interpretation: The negative alternative should have the same actor as the affirmative unless it would be contradictory to the literature. 

B) I meet:

C) K education 

2
A) Counter Interpretation: The negative alternative should have the same actor as the affirmative if it is not unconditional or if they read more than one alternative. 

B) I meet:

C) Solves offense

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: Octas | Opponent: Westwood RS | Judge: Mario Shields, Lawrence Zhou, Garrett Telfer

1. Calls for concrete solutions in debate through state action replicates the colonial context in two ways. First, law enforcement is literally predicated on the colonial situation. This is not an ontology claim, rather that supporting law enforcement supports their right to rule in a colonized territory. Second, their use of debate as a site of educating students into the correct “moral reflexes” of the state is simply an extension of the colonial state making law enforcement easier. FANON:
   “The Wretched of the Earth” by Frantz Fanon Translated by Richard Philcox  UH-DD
   “The colonized world is a
   AND
   the colonized subject.” (Pg. 3-4)

2. Analytic

3. Analytic

4. Analytic 

5. THEIR FOCUS ON STATE ROLEPLAYING SHIELDS US FROM RESPONSIBILITY FOR OUR CONTRIBUTIONS TO PAIN AND SUFFERING
DELGADO, CHARLES INGLIS THOMSON PROFESSOR OF LAW @ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, 91 (RICHARD, SYMPOSIUM: THE CRITIQUE OF NORMATIVITY: ARTICLE: NORMS AND NORMAL SCIENCE: TOWARD A CRITIQUE OF NORMATIVITY IN LEGAL THOUGHT, 139 U. PA. L. REV. 933, APRIL)

Normativity may be
AND
make a claim on us.

Tournament: All | Round: 4 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A) Interp - All debaters with awareness and access to the NDCA 16-17 LD Wiki, located at “hsld.debatecoaches.org”, must disclose all broken positions on said wiki at least 30 minutes before the round or provide their own accessible contact information. All disclosure must occur on one’s own wiki page including the tags citation, and first and last three words of each card. 

B) Violation - 

C) Reasons to Prefer - 

1. small school inclusivity 

Bietz ’10:
Bietz, Mike. “The Case for Public Case Disclosure.” NFL Rostrum, Vol. 84, Issue 9. May 2010. https://nationalforensicleague.org/DownloadHandler.ashx?File=/userdocs/publications/05-201020Complete20Rostrum.pdf
Big teams already get
AND
have the resources to travel as much.

2. Educational benefits 

    a)

    b)

3. Engagability 

D) Implication

     (changes)

Tournament: Strake Jesuit | Round: 5 | Opponent: Clement HS NK | Judge: Becca Traber
Debaters should read substantively justified frameworks grounded in a normative starting point to combat and understand pre-fiat oppression. Consistency with the best liberation strategy for the oppressed requires a debate where we explain what this oppression is, how we react to it, and why it’s the only relevant impact. You literally say you shouldn’t waste time justifying why oppression is bad.
To clarify, my argument is not that we should debate whether or not oppression is bad but that debating the justifications is inescapable from solving oppression.

Net Bens:
First, saying oppression is bad without normatively justifying it is insufficient. Connecting theory to the real world is key to produce social change. A non-reflective theory only reinforces stereotypes, turns their performance.

Smith and Eaton:
Smith and Eaton“Role of reflection and praxis in community-based learning and social justice work” by Toby Smith and Marie Eaton  http://cielearn.org/wp-content/themes/ciel/docs/Praxis_Social20Justice202-10.pdf
“If reflection is an
AND
text and our lives. ”

Second, their use of educational spaces as a sites of empowerment places the judge into the role of the authoritarian adjudicator who molds students in accordance to a particular political end. This kills any conception of critical citizenship and turns their performance. 

Rickert:
Rickert Rickert, Thomas. ""Hands Up, You're Free": Composition in a Post-Oedipal World." JacOnline Journal
“An example of
AND
produced in class.” (299-300)

Third, their unquestionable model to oppression that justifies itself through self-reference ensures a rigid vision of resistance where the judge prescribes the student an imperialist model of education – turns their performance. 

Rickert 2:
Rickert 2 Rickert, Thomas. ""Hands Up, You're Free": Composition in a Post-Oedipal World." JacOnline Journal
“This essay will employ
AND
to serve the other” (48)

Rickert 1 and 2 Outweigh:
A. Analytic
B. Analytic

Fourth, it destroys critical discussion if assumptions like those about oppression being bad are not justified. 

Foucault ‘84:
Foucault, Michel. "Polemics, Politics and Problematizations." In Essential Works of Foucault, edited by Paul Rabinow. Vol. 1 "Ethics". The New Press, 1998.

In the serious play of questions
AND
by definition denied. 

This turns links to RW Advocacy:
a
b
c

This all impacts back to their ROB:
a
b 

Which means drop the debater.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Apple Valley KA | Judge: Travis Fife
A. Interp – The advocacy text defended by the affirmative in the 1AC must constitute an enactable policy. 

B. Violation – 

1. Didn’t say resolved at the beginning of the plan – don’t know if the plan is passed or not. No reason why can we can solve if it doesn’t passed or not.
   2. The aff didn’t spec normal means – they have all the time in the world to – we don’t know what the plan does.
   3. They said reserve the right to clarify – plan shouldn’t be open to revision, there’s no 1AR in real life.
   4. They said will instead of shall which makes the plan uncertain.
   Bishop ’11:
   Bishop ’11 (Keith P, California Commissioner of Corporations and Interim Savings and Loan Commissioner, Current Partner at Allen Matkin’s Corporate Law, “When Shall/ Will/ Must/ May We Meet Again?,” California Corporate Law, November 29th, 2011, http://calcorporatelaw.com/2011/11/when-shallwillmustmay-we-meet-again/, TW)
   Since it is hard
   AND
   will be.
   5. They don’t spec nuclear energy in reactors which means they ban all nuclear energy which means they ban  the sun which is nonsensical since you can’t ban a country from the sun.

C. Standard
Advocacy Skills 

D. Implication
Advocacy Skills is a voter - 

No RVI's

Drop the Debater 

Competing Interpretations

Tournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Stony Point EW | Judge: Samuel Rinkacs
- said the "U.S." instead of the United States of America, I don't know what that means Unhappy Seals? Also acronymns can't limit qualified immunity

- said "qual immunity" and not qualified immunity, qual immmunity isn't a thing and isn't even topical and they don't even define it

Tournament: Strake Jesuit | Round: 5 | Opponent: Clement HS NK | Judge: Becca Traber
Virtue ethics is not abstraction. Its focus on character instead of rule following is necessary to overcome the abstraction flaw.
SILVIA:
“VIRTUE ETHICS AND COMMUNITARIANISM” by Rui Silva, University of the Azores DD
“But what went wrong with
AND
approaches to ethics.” (2-3)

To clarify. 

Particularism is key to combatting oppression- root cause claims fail to understand specific instances of oppression and cannot guide action.

Pappas:
Gregory Fernando Pappas Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice”, The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016.
The pragmatists’ approach
AND
not otherwise appreciate.15

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus AT | Judge: Michael Harris
1) When we don’t account for probability, the worrying of the magnitude of worst case scenarios would surround us. If there’s less than one percent chance of something happening then that means an aff ballot could lead to the same impact. Three implications:

a. It leads to policy stagnation
FRIED
“Absoluteness means that
AND
 of this interpretation.”

Analytic 

b. Analytic 

c. Analytic

Tournament: Strake Jesuit | Round: 4 | Opponent: Texas Academy of Math  Science MX | Judge: Alexander Yoakum
1 - Analytic
2 - Analytic
3 - Coherentism is blatantly circular.
Rasmussen-Lippert  
Rasmussen-Lippert, Kasper. Deontology, responsibility, and equality. Museum Tusculanum Press, 2005.. 

Third, there is
AND
justified in themselves.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Anderson IS | Judge: Rachana Kolli
Their attempt to resist oppression through pedagogy only functions to reaffirm domination between teachers and students by enforcing a specific vision of resistance. True resistance requires one to be equally opened to contestation, or risk pedagogical imperialism.

RICKERT:
(Thomas, “"Hands Up, You're Free": Composition in a Post-Oedipal World”, JacOnline Journal,)

“This essay will
AND
to serve the other” (48)

Tournament: Strake RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Park MC | Judge: Neel Yereni, Kyle Fennessy
Everything occurs in a broader context, so a view of action as a unity is infinitely regressive.  
Herman :
Herman, Barbara, Griffin Professor of Philosophy at UCLA. The Practice of Moral Judgment, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.

Because the object
AND
in what she does.

Tournament: Strake RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Park MC | Judge: Neel Yereni, Kyle Fennessy

1. We can only see reasons through he perspective of the individual agent, we can’t detach value or ends from the individual perspective, so we can’t extract some kind of universal perspective.
   Nagel:
   Thomas Nagel, "Agent-Relativity and Deontology," The View From Nowhere: New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp, 164- 185.

Most of the things
AND
qualification as an impersonal value.

2. We need not accept the reasons that others give us—no need to universalize. Gibbard:
Gibbard, Allan. Morality as Consistency in Living: Korsgaard's Kantian Lectures, Ethics 110 (October 1999): 140 –164.

You can obligate me,
AND
that precludes egoism?

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Winston Churchill WC | Judge: JP Fulger
TURN Genealogy entrenches us back into the subjective mindset it tries to get rid of
Ashenden 1:
Ashenden, Senior lecturer in sociology at Birbek university, and Owen, Lecturer in politics at the University of Southampton, 99 Samantha and David, Foucault Contra Habermas: Recasting the Dialogue between Genealogy and Critical Theory, (Sage Publications) pp. 62-63

Foucault's fateful turn
AND
hegemony of subject-centred reason.

TURN Genealogy encounters a perf con, it can only ensure the validity of the geneology by withholding critical analysis.
Ashenden 2:
Ashenden 2 , Senior lecturer in sociology at Birbek university, and Owen, Lecturer in politics at the University of Southampton, 99 Samantha and David, Foucault Contra Habermas: Recasting the Dialogue between Genealogy and Critical Theory, (Sage Publications) pp. 62-63

 This genealogical detour,
AND
counterdiscourse of modernity. 

Turn- Their prioritization representations and historicity is problematic since it ignores the oppression being faced in the status quo.
KAUFMAN  
Taft-Kaufman, 95 - Professor, Department of Speech Communication And Dramatic Arts, Central Michigan University – 1995 (Jill, “Other ways: Postmodernism and performance praxis,”  The Southern Communication Journal, Vol.60, Iss. 3;  pg. 222)

In its elevation
AND
material objects and bodily subjects.

Link turns your access to the role of the ballot, emphasis on using history to “bring subjugated knowledge to light” abstracts away from oppression and destroys movements

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Anderson IS | Judge: Rachana Kolli
Offense:
Using the particular to inform the universal is key. Critique versus racist ideology is hopeless. Only the NC allows change because a common and binding feature is present. 

PENSKY:
“The Cambridge Companion to Habermas” by Stephen K. White 1995
“The universalist  
AND
their own interest.”

2. Connecting text to the real world is key to produce social change. A “straight away” revolutionary approach is doomed since it lacks self-reflection. Refusal to engage in theory turns their argument. 

SMITH and EATON:
“Role of reflection and praxis in community-based learning and social justice work” by Toby Smith and Marie Eaton  http://cielearn.org/wp-content/themes/ciel/docs/Praxis_Social20Justice202-10.pdf

“If reflection is an
AND
between text and our lives. ”

3. The Kantian subject is the embodied subject—universalizability is essential to mutual recognition of others. 

FARR:
Arnold Farr (prof of phil @ UKentucky, focusing on German idealism, philosophy of race, postmodernism, psychoanalysis, and liberation philosophy). “Can a Philosophy of Race Afford to Abandon the Kantian Categorical Imperative?” JOURNAL of SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY, Vol. 33 No. 1, Spring 2002, 17–32.

“One of the most popular
AND
other moral agents. 

Defense:

1. Analytic 

2. There is nothing good or bad about endorsing certain ideas. All ideas have been misused or applied to do horrible things. Ideas are not bad; people are bad.
WOOD:  
“Kantian Ethics” By Allen W. Wood.

“Often, criticisms of Kant
AND
that people do.”

3. Analytic

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Anderson IS | Judge: Rachana Kolli
Native American is wrong—indigenous communities prefer tribal names.  
Berry 07
Berry, 07 a Cherokee writer and producer of the website All Things Cherokee
Christina Berry, “American Indian versus Native American” http://www.infoplease.com/spot/aihmterms.html

In the end,
AND
it is used.

Tournament: University of Houston | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cypress Woods CJ | Judge: Reese Grayson, Neel Yerneni, Mohammad Ullah
Framing issue for the round. Fiat is a losery. THERE’S NO REASON TO VOTE AFF – THEY CAN’T ARTICULATE ANY LINKAGE BETWEEN THEIR PRESCRIPTIONS AND PRACTICAL, WORLDLY EFFECTS. So, representation disads definitely outweigh.
SCHLAG, PROFESSOR OF LAW @ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, 90 (PIERRE, STANFORD LAW REVIEW, NOVEMBER)

In fact, normative
AND
normative advice into effect.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Eric Melin
There’s no reason to vote aff – the ac doesn’t have any practical, worldy effects.
Schlag ‘90:
PROFESSOR OF LAW @ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, 90 (PIERRE, STANFORD LAW REVIEW, NOVEMBER)

In fact, normative legal
AND
normative advice into effect.

Their performances exonerates us from our contributions to material pain and suffering.
Delgado 1:
DELGADO, CHARLES INGLIS THOMSON PROFESSOR OF LAW @ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, 91 (RICHARD, SYMPOSIUM: THE CRITIQUE OF NORMATIVITY: ARTICLE: NORMS AND NORMAL SCIENCE: TOWARD A CRITIQUE OF NORMATIVITY IN LEGAL THOUGHT, 139 U. PA. L. REV. 933, APRIL)

Normativity may be more
AND
make a claim on us.

Tournament: University of Houston | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cypress Woods CJ | Judge: Reese Grayson, Neel Yerneni, Mohammad Ullah
Util cannot make claims of what is permissible and what isn’t in debate because it is based on the consequences of the action, so nothing is intrinsically bad. This makes debate unsafe because literally anything could be justified if it appeals to net better consequences, so anything from rape to child murder is a ok if it saves us from the utils. The intent-foresight distinction is key.
ANSCOMBE:
Modern Moral Philosophy.

Now the consequentialist
AND
does so-and-so.

ANALYTIC

And, util was used to justify atrocities like slavery, holocausts, and the killing of millions – this supercharges the safety critique and only perpetuates the logic that justified the enslavement of the black body en masse.
Anderson n.d:

Kerby Anderson, no date, Kerby Anderson is president of Probe Ministries International. He holds masters degrees from Yale University (science) and from Georgetown University (government) “Utilitarianism:  The Greatest Good for the Greatest Number”, http://www.probe.org/site/c.fdKEIMNsEoG/b.4224805/k.B792/Utilitarianism_The_Greatest_Good_for_the_Greatest_Number.htm

There are also a number of
AND
to judge the action itself.

And, the prima facie role of the ballot is to maintain the safety of the debate space – it’s a voting issue since the judge can’t evaluate who is winning under a framework if you exclude others.
Teehan:

Ryan Teehan NSD staffer and competitor from the Delbarton School – NSD Update comment on the student protests at the TOC in 2014.
“Honestly, I don't think
AND
unsafe for certain people.”

Outweighs fairness – analytic

Tournament: University of Houston | Round: 3 | Opponent: Katy Taylor AS | Judge: Nina Kalluri
A) Interp - On the January-February 2-16-2017 NSDA topic, all affirmatives may not defend a constitutional amendment to restrict a form of speech that is currently ruled constitutionally protected. 

B) Violation - 

C) Standards - 

1. Moving Targets -
   2. Stable Ground -  
   3. Real World - 

D) Implication 

DTD and No RVI's
1 -
2 -
3 -
4 -

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: Octas | Opponent: Westwood RS | Judge: Mario Shields, Lawrence Zhou, Garrett Telfer
The structural position of the slave is not defined by liberalist notions of alienation and oppression, where one perceives a loss of one’s humanity. Through social death, natal alienation, and gratuitous violence, the slave relation grounds a social economy that produces a relationless object. This reduces the slave’s being to being-for-the-captor where suffering is instead due to fungibility and accumulation.
AARONS:
“NO SELVES TO ABOLISH: AFROPESSIMISM, ANTI-POLITICS AND THE END OF THE WORLD” By K. Aarons, 29 February 2016  UH-DD

“From a practical or
AND
reduced to a being-for-the-captor.” 

Implications:
A. Analytic

B. Analytic

The social economy of the slave relation gave rise to an epidermalised construction of Blackness where objecthood is inscribed at the level of appearance itself. The relationless objecthood of Black flesh becomes the means by which the subjecthood of Humanity is defined and contributes to the symbolic death of blackness.
AARONS 2:
“NO SELVES TO ABOLISH: AFROPESSIMISM, ANTI-POLITICS AND THE END OF THE WORLD” By K. Aarons, 29 February 2016  UH-DD
“Far from disappearing
AND
objecthood of Black flesh.”

Here is our link- Black and non-black affirmative identity politics reaffirms antiblack structures. Non-black identity politics humanizes the inclusion of identities, but this requires a racialized distancing towards a civil society to provide a grammar of coherence for non-black suffrage. As for black bodies, the attempt to humanize the black subject is structurally impossible and can only whiten antiblack suffrage.
AARONS 3:
“NO SELVES TO ABOLISH: AFROPESSIMISM, ANTI-POLITICS AND THE END OF THE WORLD” By K. Aarons, 29 February 2016  UH-DD
“Modernity is therefore
AND
fact only deepen it.” 

Do not allow them to claim material oppression outweighs. This itself is the product of white supremacy and white leftism by reaffirming a politics of humanism and independently ignoring black autonomous revolt in visions of resistance.
AARONS 4:
“NO SELVES TO ABOLISH: AFROPESSIMISM, ANTI-POLITICS AND THE END OF THE WORLD” By K. Aarons, 29 February 2016  UH-DD
“For over a decade
AND
racism in the US.”

The alternative is self-abolition as a method of negative identity politics. This is the only paradigmatic approach towards the end of humanity that does not ignore the multiplicities of non-black identities. Through self-abolition, non-black suffrage can be articulated in a grammar that is not necessarily predicated on antiblack violence. This creates the possibility for coalition movements of true fugitivity that escape the logic of civil society.
AARONS 5:
“NO SELVES TO ABOLISH: AFROPESSIMISM, ANTI-POLITICS AND THE END OF THE WORLD” By K. Aarons, 29 February 2016  UH-DD
“I take it to be a libertarian axiom
AND
cartographies to pursue it.”

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 3 | Opponent: Winston Churchill WC | Judge: JP Fulger
Reforms never happen despite theory because the biopolitical state has risen above traditional modes of social control to control information itself. Its cybernetic apparatus obsessed with knowing everything they can about the revolutionary population prevents any reform,
Invisible Committee 9’
(Call) The Coming Insurrection is an anonymous book published in 2009 online. “Invisible Committee” is the name the anonymous authors gave themselves https://tarnac9.wordpress.com/texts/the-coming-insurrection/

Here a new weapon of crowd dispersal,
AND
Cold War – or Third World War.”

Next are the links
A) Their promotion of discourse makes our movements vulnerable and visible, we’ll just get crushed,
Invisible Committee 2

In a demonstration, a union
AND
we’ll be crushed in no time.

B)  Vocal objections to power force resistance onto terrains controlled by the government, ensuring it is coopted,
 Invisible Committee 3
“let's disappear” Istanbul, June 2013.

After reading that, one has a slightly
AND
features of its adversary. 

C) Micropolitics and performances of resistance do nothing and prevent us from solving pernicious SYSTEMS of oppression – generalization from your act fails and makes things worse,
Invisible Committee 4  
“let's disappear” Istanbul, June 2013.
The radical defining him
AND
And one hasn’t changed anything.

D) performative resistance is either hopelessly isolated and does nothing or succeeds according to a publicity I reject, allowing the biopolitical state to easily predict and eliminate any change it might have,
Invisible Committee 5  :
The Invisible Committee. The Cybernetic Hypothesis. 2001

When you're a writer, poet
AND
a certain casual manner. 

The alternative is white noise. That’s a politics that deprives the biopolitical state of the information it needs to flourish,
INVISIBLE COMMITTEE 6:
The Invisible Committee. The Cybernetic Hypothesis. 2001

From the cybernetic perspective,
AND
taking place. Fog makes revolt possible.

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Lake Travis KE | Judge: Lawrence Zhou, Aisha Banway, Erick Berdugo

1. The affirmative’s focus on social norms in the construction of identity is a counterproductive starting point. We relate meaning to our experiences from social norms but these are simply deterritorialized views of the world that do not allow us to see beyond the border. We must embrace new meaning beyond the border of what is socially institutionalized.
   KYNČLOVÁ 4 :
   Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

“Further, Slotkin’s theoretical
AND
and struggle for recognition.” (2)

2. The affirmatives orientation towards identity politics is trapped within dualistic epistemologies that reinforce the very structures they seek to destroy. The polarization of identity politics destroys any progress. This is terminal defense to AFF solvency.
ANZALDUA:
Anzaldúa, Gloria. The Gloria Anzaldúa Reader. Duke University Press, 2009. UH-DD

“I've been thinking
AND
long-term visions of social justice?” (Pg. 301-302) 

Multiple Impacts: 

Antiblackness cannot account for the unique experiences racially black folks experience. We understand that blackness is a structure that creates similar conditions for black individuals but individuals are ontologically asymmetrical. This determines each individuals’ orientation towards anti-black structures. They will only homogenize.
YOUNG:
“Inclusion and Democracy” Iris Marion Young  UH-DD
“From these failings =
AND
among which we choose.’” (99-102)

2. Oppression manifest itself because of dualistic distinctions that normalize epistemologies of difference. The division between our consciousness and subconsciousness further normalizes these views. Border bridging allows us to reclaim our subconscious and reverse norms of domination.
TAMDIGIDI:
Mohammad H., Prof. @ U. Mass-Boston, “I Change Myself, I Change the World”: Gloria Anzaldua’s Sociological Imagination in Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza”, Humanity and Society, 2008, p. JSTOR

“All major concepts in Anzaldua's thought,=
AND
our culture, our languages, our thoughts..” 

3. Dualisms propagate border violence. The border is a zone of difference which makes possible violence in the borderland. Rigid distinctions between epistemological systems of thinking cannot account for hybridity. Embracing the borderland resist colonial domination within epistemology and ethics itself.
KYNCLOVA:
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD
“The border functions as a
AND part of a civil war within representation” (xiv).” (2)

Our critic is not abstract theory. The epistemology of binaries creates categories of normality within both sides of the dualism. This subjugates the lived experiences of those who can’t fit neither side of the border and universalizes an epistemically false interpretation of the world.
KYNCLOVA 2:
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

“The physical presence
AND
methodology of Borderlands/La Frontera.” 

The alternative is to endorse Nepantla. This is an epistemological starting point that recognizes the exclusion of the borderland. This creates the possibility of bridging the subconscious-conscious duality that keeps the mestiza a prisoner by recuperating the possibility of a space in between.
ZACCARIA:
PAOLA ZACCARIA Living in El Lugar of Transformations, Translating Vision into Writing UH-DD

“In my opinion all
AND
in process of nepantla-translation. 

Our criticism is not a theorizing of a world without distinctions, we don’t think we get rid of the reality of blackness, rather we are a methodology to reverse the colonization of our forms of thinking about distinctions, which have been reduced to epistemologies that stigmatize the possibility of new forms of becoming.
KYNCLOVA 3:
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

 “Anzaldúa’s aim is not
AND
as well as collective psychological dimension.” (11-12) 

The judge should adopt Nepantla pedagogy. Outweighs counter judge obligations– the need to construct debate through a singular axis rein trenches borders and epistemological colonialism in education. This is specifically true for normalizing pedagogies that assume themselves to be true without normative groundwork.
ABRAHAMS:
Abraham, S. (2014). A Nepantla pedagogy: Comparing Anzaldúa’s and Bakhtin’s Ideas for pedagogical and social change. Critical Education, 5(5). University of Georgia  UH-DD

“Nepantla is the site
AND
frame our educational research (Gonzalez-Lopez, 2006; Keating, 2006).”

Tournament: Strake RR | Round: 1 | Opponent: Woodlands College Park JZ | Judge: Becca Traber, Breann Smith
The border is a zone of difference which makes possible violence in the borderland. Rigid distinctions between epistemological systems of thinking cannot account for hybridity. Embracing the borderland resist colonialism within epistemology itself.
KYNČLOVÁ 1 :
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

“The border functions  
AND
civil war within representation” (xiv).” (2)

Our approach is not purely grounded in the theoretical. The epistemology of binaries creates categories of normality within both sides of the dualism. This subjugates the lived experiences of those who can’t fit neither side of the border.
KYNČLOVÁ 2 :
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

“The physical presence of
AND
methodology of Borderlands/La Frontera.” (3-4)

The United States is founded on rugged individualism made possible by the colonial gaze of manifest destiny. This sets up the stage for borders and inevitable violence towards those in the borderland.
KYNČLOVÁ 3 :
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

“On the metaphorical level,  
AND
in my presence (156).” (7) 


The affirmative’s focus on social norms in the construction of identity is a counterproductive starting point. We relate meaning to our experiences from social norms but these are simply deterritorialized views of the world that do not allow us to see beyond the border. We must embrace new meaning beyond the border of what is socially institutionalized.
KYNČLOVÁ 4 :
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

“Further, Slotkin’s theoretical
AND
and struggle for recognition.” (2)

Prohibition reinscribes domination
Ball n.d:
Ball n.d (Anna, University of Manchester, “Writing in the Margins: Exploring the Borderlands in the Work of Janet Frame and Jane Champion,” Borders and Boundaries, Esharp Issue 5, n.d. http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_41163_en.pdf, TW)

How might the border,
AND
defended, fought over. (2002, p.198)

The alternative is to embrace NEPANTLA as a starting point for an epistemology that recognizes the exclusion of the borderland through dualisms. This creates the possibility of bridging the object-subject duality that keeps the mestiza a prisoner by recuperating the possibility of a space in between that allows us to theorize about new forms of becoming and productive epistemologies.
Zaccaria:
PAOLA ZACCARIA  Living in El Lugar of Transformations, Translating Vision into Writing  UH-DD

“In my opinion all
AND
multicultural/mestizo/nepantla translationscapes.” (186-191) 

The role of the ballot is to adopt Nepantla pedagogy. Outweighs their role of the ballot  – their unquestionable starting point of needing to construct debate through a singular axis rein trenches borders and epistemological colonialism in education.  
Abraham:
Abraham, S. (2014). A Nepantla pedagogy: Comparing Anzaldúa’s and Bakhtin’s Ideas for pedagogical and social change. Critical Education, 5(5). University of Georgia  UH-DD

“Nepantla is the site of
AND
school pedagogies and frame our educational research (Gonzalez-Lopez, 2006; Keating, 2006).”

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cypress Woods CJ | Judge: Kris Wright
The affirmatives orientation towards identity politics ie is trapped within dualistic epistemologies that reinforce the very structures they seek to destroy. The polarization of identity politics destroys any progress. This is terminal defense to AFF solvency.
ANZALDUA:
Anzaldúa, Gloria. The Gloria Anzaldúa Reader. Duke University Press, 2009. UH-DD

“I've been thinking
AND
long-term visions of social justice?” (Pg. 301-302) 

Multiple Impacts: 

1. Antiblackness cannot account for the unique experiences racially black folks experience. We understand that blackness is a structure that creates similar conditions for black individuals but individuals are ontologically asymmetrical. This determines each individuals’ orientation towards anti-black structures. They will only homogenize.
   YOUNG:
   “Inclusion and Democracy” Iris Marion Young  UH-DD

“From these failings =
AND
among which we choose.’” (99-102)

2. Oppression manifest itself because of dualistic distinctions that normalize epistemologies of difference. The division between our consciousness and subconsciousness further normalizes these views. Border bridging allows us to reclaim our subconscious and reverse norms of domination.
TAMDIGIDI:
Mohammad H., Prof. @ U. Mass-Boston, “I Change Myself, I Change the World”: Gloria Anzaldua’s Sociological Imagination in Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza”, Humanity and Society, 2008, p. JSTOR

“All major concepts in Anzaldua's thought,=
AND
our culture, our languages, our thoughts..” 

3. Dualisms propagate border violence. The border is a zone of difference which makes possible violence in the borderland. Rigid distinctions between epistemological systems of thinking cannot account for hybridity. Embracing the borderland resist colonial domination within epistemology and ethics itself.
KYNCLOVA:
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD
“The border functions as a
AND part of a civil war within representation” (xiv).” (2)

Our critic is not abstract theory. The epistemology of binaries creates categories of normality within both sides of the dualism. This subjugates the lived experiences of those who can’t fit neither side of the border and universalizes an epistemically false interpretation of the world.
KYNCLOVA 2:
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

“The physical presence
AND
methodology of Borderlands/La Frontera.” 

The alternative is to endorse Nepantla. This is an epistemological starting point that recognizes the exclusion of the borderland. This creates the possibility of bridging the subconscious-conscious duality that keeps the mestiza a prisoner by recuperating the possibility of a space in between.
ZACCARIA:
PAOLA ZACCARIA Living in El Lugar of Transformations, Translating Vision into Writing UH-DD

“In my opinion all
AND
in process of nepantla-translation. 

Our criticism is not a theorizing of a world without distinctions, we don’t think we get rid of the reality of blackness, rather we are a methodology to reverse the colonization of our forms of thinking about distinctions, which have been reduced to epistemologies that stigmatize the possibility of new forms of becoming.
KYNCLOVA 3:
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa’s Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies Online, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD

 “Anzaldúa’s aim is not
AND
as well as collective psychological dimension.” (11-12) 

The judge should adopt Nepantla pedagogy. Outweighs counter judge obligations– the need to construct debate through a singular axis rein trenches borders and epistemological colonialism in education. This is specifically true for normalizing pedagogies that assume themselves to be true without normative groundwork.
ABRAHAMS:
Abraham, S. (2014). A Nepantla pedagogy: Comparing Anzaldúa’s and Bakhtin’s Ideas for pedagogical and social change. Critical Education, 5(5). University of Georgia  UH-DD

“Nepantla is the site
AND
frame our educational research (Gonzalez-Lopez, 2006; Keating, 2006).”

Tournament: Colleyville | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Lake Travis KE | Judge: Lawrence Zhou, Aisha Banway, Erick Berdugo
Calls for concrete solutions in debate through state action replicates the colonial context in two ways. First, law enforcement is literally predicated on the colonial situation. This is not an ontology claim, rather that supporting law enforcement supports their right to rule in a colonized territory. Second, their use of debate as a site of educating students into the correct “moral reflexes” of the state is simply an extension of the colonial state making law enforcement easier. FANON:
“The Wretched of the Earth” by Frantz Fanon Translated by Richard Philcox  UH-DD
“The colonized world is a
AND
the colonized subject.” (Pg. 3-4)

Calls for the state based on its inevitability in Zanotti and reasonableness reinforces the colonial situation. They are the colonizer trying to decolonize by reinforcing the myth of the same structures that propagate the colonial situation in the first place. FANON 2:
“The Wretched of the Earth” by Frantz Fanon Translated by Richard Philcox  UH-DD
“As soon as the colonized
AND
vomit them up.” (Pg. 8) 

Calls for innate human dignity and social ontology as a warrant for why oppression is bad reinforces the colonial situation and replicates their own abstraction impacts in two ways. First, innate human dignity is an ideal experienced exclusively by the colonizer. The colonized only know of silencing the colonizer. Second, their abstract approach to human dignity ignores the role of the colonizer who will not accept equal coexistence. FANON 3:
“The Wretched of the Earth” by Frantz Fanon Translated by Richard Philcox  UH-DD
“Such an occurrence
AND
substitute for reality.” (Pg. 8-10)

Tournament: Strake RR | Round: 3 | Opponent: Lake Highland Park MC | Judge: Neel Yereni, Kyle Fennessy
Brandenburg v. Ohio U.S. Supreme Court decision maintains that seditious speech is protected by the First Amendment so long as it does not indicate an "imminent" threat.  But, seditious speech is never compatible with an omnilateral will and must be restricted. The intent requires the right to destroy the state, which justifies the annihilation of all rights.

VARDEN 2:
"A Kantian Conception of Free Speech" by Helga Varden Chapter from: "Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World" edited by Deirdre Golash 2010  LM-DD

"To understand Kant's
AND
a public crime (6: 331)." (52)

Tournament: Strake Jesuit | Round: 4 | Opponent: Texas Academy of Math  Science MX | Judge: Alexander Yoakum
Concede the value:

The standard is consistency with universal freedom.

First, an agent's will acts on a law that it gives to itself. If pleasure were a law to you, then you would straight-away do the pleasurable act, but since you're autonomous, you can reason about taking the action. Thus a condition of action is that the will is self-determined.

KORSGAARD:

"Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant" by Christine M. Korsgaard LW-DD
"Now I'm going to argue that that sort of willing is impossible. The
AND
identification with the principle of choice on which you act." (123)

And, a rational will must set ends within a system of reciprocal constraints. Anything else justifies that someone could impede your ability to achieve your end in the first place, which also means reason constrains end-based frameworks.

SIYAR:

Jamsheed Aiam Siyar: Kant's Conception of Practical Reason. Tufts University, 1999 LW-DD
"Recall that insofar as I represent a rationally determined end, I represent it
AND
as I represent it as constraining my actions." (80-81)

Second, Analytic

Third, Analytic

Impact Calc: Analytic 

Freedom implies an innate right to determine the course of your actions. In the state of nature, might rather than right governs these judgements. Absent of a public authority, rights violations are inevitable.

VARDEN:

"A Kantian Conception of Free Speech" by Helga Varden Chapter from: "Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World" edited by Deirdre Golash 2010  LM-DD
"The first important distinction between Kant and much contemporary liberal thought issues from Kant's
AND
rather than as subject to anyone's arbitrary choices." (46-47) 

And, the Brandenburg v. Ohio U.S. Supreme Court decision maintains that seditious speech is protected by the First Amendment so long as it does not indicate an "imminent" threat.  But, seditious speech is never compatible with an omnilateral will and must be restricted. The intent requires the right to destroy the state, which justifies the annihilation of all rights.

VARDEN 2:

"A Kantian Conception of Free Speech" by Helga Varden Chapter from: "Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World" edited by Deirdre Golash 2010  LM-DD
"To understand Kant's condemnation of seditious speech, remember that Kant, as mentioned
AND
, it is a public crime (6: 331)." (52) 

And, a public authority interpretation of Kantianism escapes objections of idealism by recognizing that freedom is not protected under idealized private constraints.

VARDEN 3:

"A Kantian Conception of Free Speech" by Helga Varden Chapter from: "Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World" edited by Deirdre Golash 2010  LM-DD
"The second related distinction between Kant and much contemporary liberal thought concerns Kant's explicit
AND
citizens' interactions is necessary for rightful interaction on this view." (47)

Tournament: University of Houston | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cypress Woods CJ | Judge: Reese Grayson, Neel Yerneni, Mohammad Ullah
The standard is consistency with universal freedom.
First, an agent's will acts on a law that it gives to itself. If pleasure were a law to you, then you would straight-away do the pleasurable act, but since you're autonomous, you can reason about taking the action. Thus a condition of action is that the will is self-determined.
KORSGAARD:

"Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant" by Christine M. Korsgaard LW-DD
"Now I'm going to argue that that sort of willing is impossible. The
AND
identification with the principle of choice on which you act." (123)

And, a rational will must set ends within a system of reciprocal constraints. Anything else justifies that someone could impede your ability to achieve your end in the first place, which also means reason constrains end-based frameworks.
SIYAR:

Jamsheed Aiam Siyar: Kant's Conception of Practical Reason. Tufts University, 1999 LW-DD
"Recall that insofar as I represent a rationally determined end, I represent it
AND
as I represent it as constraining my actions." (80-81)

Second, Analytic

Third, Analytic

Impact Calc: Analytic 

Contention:

Freedom implies an innate right to determine the course of your actions. In the state of nature, might rather than right governs these judgements. Absent of a public authority, rights violations are inevitable.
VARDEN:

"A Kantian Conception of Free Speech" by Helga Varden Chapter from: "Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World" edited by Deirdre Golash 2010  LM-DD
"The first important distinction between Kant and much contemporary liberal thought issues from Kant's
AND
rather than as subject to anyone's arbitrary choices." (46-47) 

And, the Brandenburg v. Ohio U.S. Supreme Court decision maintains that seditious speech is protected by the First Amendment so long as it does not indicate an "imminent" threat.  But, seditious speech is never compatible with an omnilateral will and must be restricted. The intent requires the right to destroy the state, which justifies the annihilation of all rights.
VARDEN 2:

"A Kantian Conception of Free Speech" by Helga Varden Chapter from: "Freedom of Expression in a Diverse World" edited by Deirdre Golash 2010  LM-DD
"To understand Kant's condemnation of seditious speech, remember that Kant, as mentioned
AND
, it is a public crime (6: 331)." (52)

Tournament: University of Houston | Round: Octas | Opponent: Cypress Woods CJ | Judge: Reese Grayson, Neel Yerneni, Mohammad Ullah
CP Text: Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech for guest presenters. 

Analytic
.

Tournament: Strake Jesuit | Round: 5 | Opponent: Clement HS NK | Judge: Becca Traber
Universal rules fail. Any application of rules can never be verified because rules are indeterminate, as they require prior knowledge to understand them, which can never be the basis for truth. 

KRIPKE:
“Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language” by Saul A. Kripke Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts 1982 DD
“Normally, when we conside
AND
have the same schmolor if . . .” (17-20)

And, this means ethics cannot be apriori, but rather established through community norms. Virtues are inter-subjectively normative. We disagree in specific instances, but this does not deny that these norms are binding of our communities. Virtue ethics recognizes that complexity is required, and shifts the ethical question to one of character. The context informs what it means to be virtuous. 

LEIBOWITZ:
PARTICULARISM IN ARISTOTLE’S NICOMACHEAN ETHICS * Uri D. Leibowitz University of Nottingham (Forthcoming in The Journal of Moral Philosophy)  DD
“Following Burnyeat (1980), I understand
AND
resolve the conflict.” (7-14)

Thus the standard is appealing to virtuous character clarified by the moral complexities of specific situations.  

Prefer additionally- 

States must promote virtuous decision-making. The alternative cannot guide action in all cases.

SILVIA:
“VIRTUE ETHICS AND COMMUNITARIANISM” by Rui Silva, University of the Azores DD
“The second distinctive trait
AND
of virtue ethics:” (3-4)  

Virtues are constitutive of action. Our passions provide a necessary orientation towards the good. 

KORSGAARD:
“How to be an Aristotelian Kantian Constitutivist” Christine M. Korsgaard  DD
“On this interpretation,
AND
constitutive of her will.” (26-27) 

Finally, the standard is not ends based:
A. Analytic  
B. Analytic
C. Analytic
D. Analytic 

Offense
First, any negates even within their specific instance.  When an agent wills any of an instance, they assume a sufficient reason for the action, but no single reason can account for the legitimacy of the ban because reasons cannot be extended universally, as per the framework. Any would undermine the moral complexities that necessitate certain individuals to own handguns, which is necessary for virtuous decision making in the first place. 

Second, The structure of reason is holistic. A reason to take an action in one case need not be a reason in another. This means reasons for actions must be in reference to the particular action. 

Dancy
“Ethics Without Principles” by Jonathan Dancy 2004 DD
“But there are forms of holism
AND
of the combination.” (7-9)

Even if the aff has a particular scenario, there is always particularities within their instance.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol HX | Judge: Tyrell VanWinkle
The right to housing is a tool of the neoliberal welfare state to control and focuses on housing as a form of money for compliance in the system 

Rolnik ’13:
Rolnik ’13 (Raquel, “Late Neoliberalism: The Finacialization of Homeownership and Housing Rights,” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2013, vol 37, issue 3, pg 1058-1066, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2427.12062/full, TW)

The commodification of
AND
crisis and its perspectives.

Discourse based within the assumptions of state are the very roots that catalyzed the violence of the libidinal economy – Their framing within the resolutional call for the United States to hold an obligation only represents the constant management, consolidation, and protections that make it impossible solve such violence. 

Harman ‘6:
Harman, 06. (Chris, editor of International Socialism Journal and, before that, of Socialist Worker, and a leading figure in the Socialist Workers   Party, September 26th, 2006, “The state and capitalism today”, http://www.isj.org.uk/?id=234) BY

The state may be
AND
are capitalist forces.

Cap created poverty – not the other way around – only the alt’s starting point of the root cause of the res can solve. The aff focuses on easily identifiable flashpoints of systemic violence through surface issues such as the right to housing which is ensures that violence’s repetition in the future and prevents confrontation with cap.

Zizeck ‘8:
Zizek, 08  (Slavoj, a cocaine hobo, 2008, “Violence”, p 1-4) BY

If there is a unifying
AND
towards its victims.

Legacies of violence produced by capitalism are rooted within the project of public housing towards class struggles. 

Bouie ’14:
Bouie, 14. Jamelle Bouie is a former staff writer at The Daily Beast. His reporting and analysis has appeared in The American Prospect, The Nation, The Atlantic, CNN.com, and The Washington Post. He covers campaigns and elections, as well as policy and public opinion. He is based in Washington, D.C. You can follow Jamelle on Twitter at @jbouie. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/03/13/how-we-built-the-ghettos.html BY

Yesterday, apropos of
AND
poverty—we built that.

The capitalist system values only one thing, capital, everything else is drained of its very essence to make capital. Even we have no value in this system.

Cockburn ’09:
Cockburn 2009 (Alexander Cockburn, Editor of counterpunch magazine, “Is This the End of Capitalism?” http://endofcapitalism.com/about/, SF)

While the US government
AND
not be any planet left.

Capitalism is driven by a constant and rapid desire for production and capital, do nothing and negate the production complex of capitalism. Only this inaction is enough to slow down the speeding train of capitalism that makes change seem inevitable. 

Zizek ’12:
Zizek ‘12 (Slavoj, Foremost Slovenian psychoanalyst, “Less Than Nothing: Hegel and the Shadow of Dialectical Materialism,” 2012, http://rebels-library.org/files/less_than_nothing.pdf, AC)

Returning to Rand,
AND
saved the world.”81

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol HX | Judge: Tyrell VanWinkle
T/ Empirically American government intervention in housing always fails.

Sladick and Michel ’16:
Sladick and Michel ’16 (Claudia, A Member of the Young Leaders Program at the Heritage Foundation, Norbert, Researcher on Housing Finance, Research Fellow for the Heritage Foundation in financial regulations, “Government Intervention in Housing Has Always Been Bad: Here’s Why Today Is No Different,” December 12 2016, http://dailysignal.com/2016/12/12/government-intervention-in-housing-has-always-been-bad-heres-why-today-is-no-different/, TW)

Ever since the federal
AND
destructive financial policies.

Tournament: TFA State | Round: 2 | Opponent: Southlake Carrol HX | Judge: Tyrell VanWinkle
T/ RTH is co-opted by gentrification 

Ponder ’16:
Ponder ’16 (Emily, “Gentrification and the Right to Housing: How Hip Becomes A Human Rights Violation,” Southwestern Journal of International Law, Vol 22, pg 359-383, 2016, http://www.swlaw.edu/pdfs/lawjournal/22_2ponder, TW)

Although many low-income
AND
to adequate housing.' 4 2

Tournament: UT | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Thompkins AG | Judge: Nolan Burdett

Courts ineffective spaces for social change. Lures Social Movements into an arena where they will lose.

Southwort 99:

Ann, Associate Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University, The Boston Public Interest Law Journal, Spring, 8 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 469
Two persistent criticisms from the left are that lawyers fail to understand, or refuse
AND
resources away from more effective strategies, and leaves larger social change undone.

Courts fail to enforce. Lack of compliance motivating resources.

Rosenberg '08:

Rosenberg '08 (Gerald N, "The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Really Bring About Social Change: Second Edition," University of Chicago Press, September 15 2008, https://www.scribd.com/doc/23598246/The-Hollow-Hope-Can-Courts-Bring-About-Social-Change-Second-Edition, TW)
The third constraint on courts involves implementation. In the environmental area this constraint is
AND
the best-intentioned judicial decisions may hurt rather than help the environment.

Legal reforms do not solve – they only make us complacent in the police state.

Freeman '14:
Freeman '14 (Ademo, "Understanding, Surviving, and Resisting the Police State," Cop Block, May 2014, http://www.copblock.org/54420/understanding-surviving-and-resisting-the-police-state/, TW)
We now live
AND
what YOU do.

Legal reform empowers the police state.

Collins '14:
Collins '14 (Misty, ~the Vice President of In These Times board and a community organizer and journalist in Chicago,~ "When Police 'Reforms' Only Legitimize Police Abuses," In These Times, http://inthesetimes.com/article/17427/when_police_reforms_only_legitimize_police_abuses, December 2014, TW)
While these actions
AND
of the police role."

Tournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kempner AB | Judge: Sahil Maherali
The United States Federal Government should abolish the qualified immunity doctrine for police officers. To clarify, there should be strict liability.
Bernick 15:
Bernick '15 (Evan, "To Hold Police Accountable Don't Give Them Immunity," fee.org)
Simply put, qualified immunity has to go. It should be replaced with a
AND
officers currently enjoy with a realistic avenue for the vindication of constitutional rights.

Tournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Stony Point EW | Judge: Samuel Rinkacs
Assume all evidence bracketed for grammar and transition 

Counter-plan text: We, the United States, should abolish the police, or every warranted law employee of a civil police force in the US.

Smith 15:
Mychal Denzel Smith, 4-9-2015, "Abolish the Police. Instead, Let's Have Full Social, Economic, and Political Equality.," Nation, https://www.thenation.com/article/abolish-police-instead-lets-have-full-social-economic-and-political-equality/**
 You abolish it. In 1964, Malcolm X told the students of Oxford
AND
the maintenance of white supremacy and inequality. It's a world worth imagining.

The 1AC sees police as redeemable. There is no such thing as the "good cop".

Eyre 12:
Pete Eyre, 1-23-2012, "There Are No Good Cops," Cop Block, http://www.copblock.org/12300/there-are-no-good-cops/**
Don't email me about your best friend from high school who you swear is a
AND
be able to look back and study the Great Amerikan Police-State.

Without police in the street, there was less crime

King '14:
Justin King" A bottom-up approach for real and diverse reporting. We seek to establish a space where the people are the journalists and a venue where independent journalism moves forward on a larger and more truthful scale "NYPD Cops Stop Patrolling Streets, Crime Rates Begin Falling; Traffic Violations Down 94. December 31, 2014   http://theantimedia.org/terrified-nypd-cops-stop-work-city-plunge-chaos/, AL 
The NYPD made the move after two cops were killed in reprisal for Eric Garner's
AND
going to go into a dangerous situation for you or your loved ones.

Tournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kempner AB | Judge: Sahil Maherali
The AC requires court cases to get justice – that means plaintiffs have to pay.
Lawyers.com n.d:

Lawyers n.d. (Lawyers n.d., "What are 'Costs' in Civil Lawsuits," Lawyers.com, n.d. http://research.lawyers.com/court-costs-in-civil-lawsuits.html, TW)
No matter what kind of case you're involved in, a civil lawsuit can be
AND
the actual costs incurred, thereby reducing the amount of its net recovery.

The more money, more justice is how the aff works – only a liberation strat for the rich.
Higdon '10:

Higdon '10 (Woodrow L, This reporter, after leaving law enforcement, became a civil litigation investigator, consultant, and expert witness, for more than twenty years, and the civil and criminal legal systems are not what the average citizen thinks they are. The public corruption and it's cover up in San Diego County is a perfect example of how easy it is for law enforcement to obstruct and manipulate the criminal and civil legal systems. "A Two Year Investigation: Police Corruption Cover Up Thru Civil Litigation Abuse and Manipulation; The Rule Of Law; A Public Corruption Lie," GTI News, March 2010, http://www.gtinewsphoto.com/PUBLIC-CORRUPTION-COVER-UP-THRU-CIVIL-LITIAGTION.html, TW)
The so called "Civil and Criminal Justice Systems" in the United States,
AND
of the most effective public corruption cover up tools available to public agencies.

The foundation of police violence is capitalism – you can’t reform the police.
Mitrani ‘14:
Mitrani ’14 (Sam, An Associate Professor Of History At The College Of Dupage, Phd From The University Of Illinois At Chicago In 2009 and His Book The Rise Of The Chicago Police Department: Class And Conflict, 1850-1894, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, 12-29-2014, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/, TW)
In most of the liberal discussions
AND
or came anywhere close to that ideal. (For that matter.)

The capitalist system values only one thing, capital, everything else is drained of its very essence to make capital. Even we have no value in this system.
Cockburn '09:

Cockburn 2009 (Alexander Cockburn, Editor of counterpunch magazine, "Is This the End of Capitalism?" http://endofcapitalism.com/about/, SF)
While the US government quickly gave out trillions of dollars to banks and corporations facing
AND
path of endless growth, there soon might not be any planet left.

Capitalism is driven by a constant and rapid desire for production and capital, do nothing and negate the production complex of capitalism. Only this inaction is enough to slow down the speeding train of capitalism that makes change seem inevitable.
Zizek '12:

Zizek '12 (Slavoj, Foremost Slovenian psychoanalyst, "Less Than Nothing: Hegel and the Shadow of Dialectical Materialism," 2012, http://rebels-library.org/files/less_than_nothing.pdf, AC)
Returning to Rand, what is problematic is her underlying premise: that the only
AND
exactly those which might have saved the world."81

Tournament: UT | Round: Triples | Opponent: Westwood SN | Judge: Clement Agho Otoghile
The AC requires court cases to get justice – that means plaintiffs have to pay.
Lawyers.com n.d:

Lawyers n.d. (Lawyers n.d., "What are 'Costs' in Civil Lawsuits," Lawyers.com, n.d. http://research.lawyers.com/court-costs-in-civil-lawsuits.html, TW)
No matter what kind of case you're involved in, a civil lawsuit can be
AND
the actual costs incurred, thereby reducing the amount of its net recovery.

The more money, more justice is how the aff works – only a liberation strat for the rich.
Higdon '10:

Higdon '10 (Woodrow L, This reporter, after leaving law enforcement, became a civil litigation investigator, consultant, and expert witness, for more than twenty years, and the civil and criminal legal systems are not what the average citizen thinks they are. The public corruption and it's cover up in San Diego County is a perfect example of how easy it is for law enforcement to obstruct and manipulate the criminal and civil legal systems. "A Two Year Investigation: Police Corruption Cover Up Thru Civil Litigation Abuse and Manipulation; The Rule Of Law; A Public Corruption Lie," GTI News, March 2010, http://www.gtinewsphoto.com/PUBLIC-CORRUPTION-COVER-UP-THRU-CIVIL-LITIAGTION.html, TW)
The so called "Civil and Criminal Justice Systems" in the United States,
AND
of the most effective public corruption cover up tools available to public agencies.

The foundation of police violence is capitalism – you can’t reform the police.
Mitrani ‘14:
Mitrani ’14 (Sam, An Associate Professor Of History At The College Of Dupage, Phd From The University Of Illinois At Chicago In 2009 and His Book The Rise Of The Chicago Police Department: Class And Conflict, 1850-1894, "Stop Kidding Yourself: The Police Were Created to Control Working Class and Poor People," LAWCHA, 12-29-2014, http://lawcha.org/wordpress/2014/12/29/stop-kidding-police-created-control-working-class-poor-people/, TW)
In most of the liberal discussions
AND
or came anywhere close to that ideal. (For that matter.)

The capitalist system values only one thing, capital, everything else is drained of its very essence to make capital. Even we have no value in this system.
Cockburn '09:

Cockburn 2009 (Alexander Cockburn, Editor of counterpunch magazine, "Is This the End of Capitalism?" http://endofcapitalism.com/about/, SF)
While the US government quickly gave out trillions of dollars to banks and corporations facing
AND
path of endless growth, there soon might not be any planet left.

Capitalism has proliferated into the structures we know today that continue to increase control of individuals. Capitalism fuels global warming, multiple wars of accumulation, loss of land, and income stratification.

The only way to solve this is for a full rejection of capitalism, to say no more, the intensity of the structure of capitalism in our lives is too heavy to allow it to continue in anyway.

Tournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Stony Point EW | Judge: Samuel Rinkacs

Aff isn't try or die – its try and then die with the aff since they waste vital resources and shift reform focus to the wrong place

Rosenberg ~1~:

Rosenberg '08 (Gerald N, "The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Really Bring About Social Change: Second Edition," University of Chicago Press, September 15 2008, https://www.scribd.com/doc/23598246/The-Hollow-Hope-Can-Courts-Bring-About-Social-Change-Second-Edition, TW)
In contrast to this conclusion, it might be suggested that throughout this book I
AND
and momentum that had changed laws nationwide dissipated in celebration of court victory.

Court action moves us to unsuccessful and insufficient reform and mobilizes the enemy.

Rosenberg ~2~:

Rosenberg '08 (Gerald N, "The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Really Bring About Social Change: Second Edition," University of Chicago Press, September 15 2008, https://www.scribd.com/doc/23598246/The-Hollow-Hope-Can-Courts-Bring-About-Social-Change-Second-Edition, TW)
It is in the case then there is another important way in which courts affect
AND
, of course, is far from the aim of those who litigate. 

Courts prevent grassroots success.

Rosenberg ~3~:

Rosenberg '08 (Gerald N, "The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Really Bring About Social Change: Second Edition," University of Chicago Press, September 15 2008, https://www.scribd.com/doc/23598246/The-Hollow-Hope-Can-Courts-Bring-About-Social-Change-Second-Edition, TW)
Third, supporters if Constrained Court view note, as Scheingold (1974) points
AND
many significant social reform claims, and lessens the chances of popular mobilization.

Tournament: UT | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Kinkaid JY | Judge: Kim Hsun, Chris Castillo, Barrett Baker

Deconstructive logic is constitutive of metaphysics. All concepts, identities, and judgements are constructed in opposition to their negative. There can be no conception of good without bad, friendship without betrayal, promises without promise breaking. Ontological violence is foundational to any ethical or political framework.

HÄGGLUND:

"THE NECESSITY OF DISCRIMINATION DISJOINING DERRIDA AND LEVINAS" MARTIN HÄGGLUND  UH-DD
"Derrida targets precisely this logic of opposition. As he argues in Of Grammatology
AND
is in the service of perpetrating the better." (46-48) 

And, deconstructive logic is a criticism of ideal starting points. The logic of opposition is incompatible with universal starting points that do away with violence.

HÄGGLUND 2:

"THE NECESSITY OF DISCRIMINATION DISJOINING DERRIDA AND LEVINAS" MARTIN HÄGGLUND  UH-DD
"A~n~ possible objection here is that we must strive toward an
AND
paradigm for what better debating entails, which necessarily discriminates between various interpretations. 

Thus, the standard is consistency with deconstructive logic. To clarify, violations of deconstructive logic entail the construction of judgements as pure and without the necessity of an oppositional negative.

Independently prefer:

First, ethics requires answering the question of responsibility otherwise agents can always question why they are subject to the rule i.e "I know that a certain principle is moral, but why should I care about acting morally." However, any conception of ethical responsibility is rooted in deconstructive logic.

HÄGGLUND 3:

"THE NECESSITY OF DISCRIMINATION DISJOINING DERRIDA AND LEVINAS" MARTIN HÄGGLUND  UH-DD
"For the same reason, Derridaʼs notion of "infinite responsibility" should not
AND
responsibility is but another name for the necessity of discrimination." (56)

Second, ethical relationships are mediated through radical alterity. The other is always undecidable and carries the possibility of annihilating me, yet this very condition is necessary to have any relationship whatsoever. This requires a violent opening to ethics.

HÄGGLUND 4:

"THE NECESSITY OF DISCRIMINATION DISJOINING DERRIDA AND LEVINAS" MARTIN HÄGGLUND  UH-DD
"Thus, Derrida articulates a double argument concerning the relation between self and other
AND
, a prohibition necessarily extends a particular judgement to the realm of purity.

Contention:

ANALYTICAL

Tournament: UT | Round: Triples | Opponent: Westwood SN | Judge: Clement Agho Otoghile

Legal reform causes grey holes—piecemeal reform is legal legitimation without meaningful legal constrains; that's terminal defense to the AFF.

Feldman '15

Leonard Feldman, Associate Professor of Political Science Ph.D. University of Washington. Department of Political Science "Police Violence and the Legal Temporalities of Immunity" Hunter College, CUNY. 2015 AL
The advantage of Dyzenhaus' "legal grey holes" concept over the concept of "
AND
even as fully consistent with norms of due process, reasonableness and equality. 

Historically QI court cases that attempt to further sound civil rights litigation, end up expanding protection for police officers. Layering temporalities, creating legal time frames, and replacing bright line rules with balancing tests prove how immunity reform creates larger legal indeterminacy. Turns case –  aff furthers indeterminacy

Feldman 2

Leonard Feldman, Associate Professor of Political Science Ph.D. University of Washington. Department of Political Science "Police Violence and the Legal Temporalities of Immunity" Hunter College, CUNY. 2015 AL
My argument in this section is that the Supreme Court has created a legal grey
AND
determination of "qualified immunity," which I discuss in the next section.

Legal reforms hurt social justice– starting from the perspective of legal solutions forecloses the political imagination and hampers radical solutions—turns the aff

Kandaswamy '12

Priya Kandaswamy, Associate Professor Women's, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Mills College "THE OBLIGATIONS OF FREEDOM AND THE LIMITS OF LEGAL EQUALITY" SOUTHWESTERN LAW REVIEW Vol. 41, pg 265, 1/21/2012
Despite a vast array of critiques that have elucidated the ways in which the U
AND
could look like and locate legal interventions in relation to this broader vision. 

Reject the aff's faith in the law's ability to solve social problems in favor of critical analysis of the laws purported objectivity and its violent exclusion of alternative perspectives.

Singer '84

Joseph William Singer Associate Professor of Law, Boston University. B.A., Williams College 1976; M.A., Harvard University 1978; J.D., Harvard Law School 1 981 "The Player and the Cards: Nihilism and Legal Theory," Yale Law Journal (94 Yale L.J. 1), The Yale Law Journal Company, Inc. November, http://www.jstor.org/stable/796315 AL
 What shall we do then about legal theory? I think we should abandon
AND
live together. We are going to have to answer that question ourselves.

We ought to prioritize movements for deconstructive resistance over blind faith in legal studies. Only the alt can effectively contest domestic cultures of violence.

Hirst '15

Hirst, Aggie She, Lecturer in International Politics @ City University London, "Derrida and Political Resistance: The Radical Potential of Deconstruction" Globalizations, Vol. 12.1 http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7127/1/Hirst_DerridaPoliticalResistance.pdf
There are many manifestations of the practical consequences of deconstructive resistance across a range of
AND
commitments, dealing with difference in terms and contexts other than the familiar.

Tournament: UT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Stony Point EW | Judge: Samuel Rinkacs

Courts ineffective spaces for social change. Lures Social Movements into an arena where they will lose.

Southwort 99:

Ann, Associate Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University, The Boston Public Interest Law Journal, Spring, 8 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 469
Two persistent criticisms from the left are that lawyers fail to understand, or refuse
AND
resources away from more effective strategies, and leaves larger social change undone.

Courts fail to enforce. Lack of compliance motivating resources.

Rosenberg '08:

Rosenberg '08 (Gerald N, "The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Really Bring About Social Change: Second Edition," University of Chicago Press, September 15 2008, https://www.scribd.com/doc/23598246/The-Hollow-Hope-Can-Courts-Bring-About-Social-Change-Second-Edition, TW)
The third constraint on courts involves implementation. In the environmental area this constraint is
AND
the best-intentioned judicial decisions may hurt rather than help the environment.

Tournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kempner AB | Judge: Sahil Maherali
Courts ineffective spaces for social change. Lures Social Movements into an arena where they will lose.
Southwort 99:
Ann, Associate Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University, The Boston Public Interest Law Journal, Spring, 8 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 469
Two persistent criticisms
AND
social change undone.

Courts fail to enforce. Lack of compliance motivating resources.
Rosenberg ’08:
Rosenberg ’08 (Gerald N, “The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Really Bring About Social Change: Second Edition,” University of Chicago Press, September 15 2008, https://www.scribd.com/doc/23598246/The-Hollow-Hope-Can-Courts-Bring-About-Social-Change-Second-Edition, TW)
The third constraint =
AND
than help the environment.

Tournament: UT | Round: Triples | Opponent: Westwood SN | Judge: Clement Agho Otoghile
Courts ineffective spaces for social change. Lures Social Movements into an arena where they will lose.
Southwort 99:
Ann, Associate Professor of Law, Case Western Reserve University, The Boston Public Interest Law Journal, Spring, 8 B.U. Pub. Int. L.J. 469
Two persistent criticisms
AND
social change undone.

Tournament: UT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kempner AB | Judge: Sahil Maherali
Stable police reform that solves the AFF and more is happening right now – though keeping the squo is key.
Kaste 9/22:
Kaste 9/22 (Martin, "Police Reform Is Happening, But It's Hard To Track," NPR.org, September 22 2016, NPR.org, http://www.npr.org/2016/09/22/495023234/police-reform-is-happening-but-its-hard-to-track, TW)
"Clearly the high-profile agencies ... the ones that have experienced challenges and
AND
honest about the fact that we're also asking them to take more risks.

The AFF is a ruse of solvency thinking limiting qualified immunity will "fix" the police. The plan directly conflicts with the on-going reform,  and kills it entirely.
Leeuwen '16:
Leeuwen '16 (Sean Van, the Vice President of the Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs, "Political Rushes to Judgement Hurt Public Safety," June 2016, http://myemail.constantcontact.com/Political-rushes-to-judgement-hurt-public-safety.html?soid=1119707513166andaid=CRn2kcb0hI0, TW)
Mosby's decision to bury multiple officers under an avalanche of criminal charges was perhaps politically
AND
they be accountable for rendering legal opinions the Supreme Court determines are wrong?

Cross Apply Leeuwen 16 on the AC as a turn, aff stops police from actively policing.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Anderson IS | Judge: Rachana Kolli

Graetz '12:

Graetz, Geordan. "Uranium Mining and Indigenous Peoples: The Role of SIA." 32 nd Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment. January 06, 2012. Web. August 12, 2016. .
 Despite past experiences,
AND
their indigenous stakeholders.

Outweighs their claims since:
1) Analytic
2) Analytic

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Holy Cross BZ | Judge: Travis Fife
CP Text: Countries ought to prohibit the production and proliferation of nuclear weapons. 

ICAN ’16:
ICAN ’16 (International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, “Arguments for Nuclear Abolition,” 2016, http://www.icanw.org/why-a-ban/arguments-for-a-ban/, TW)

The abolition of
AND
miscalculation or accidents.

1. Analytic
   2. Analytic

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lynbrook HW | Judge: Kyle Fennessy, Drew Marshall, Sunay Nanavati

Counterplan Text: The three regions of Belgium should prohibit the production of nuclear power. The Federal Government of Belgium should devolve authority over nuclear power to the regions. Status is unconditional.

Analytic

In the context of environmental regulation, provinces regulate decisions and have input.
Gayard 13 Gregoire Gayard (Centre Thucydide – Analyse et recherche en relations internationales Université Panthéon-Assas), "How Regions Contribute to Belgium's International Climate Policy: A Comparison of Belgian and Canadian Multi-Level Climate Politics," 2013
In practice, Belgium's
AND
of the coordination.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lynbrook HW | Judge: Kyle Fennessy, Drew Marshall, Sunay Nanavati
Early closure leads to blackouts Khan 12~if !supportFootnotes~~1~~endif~:
Belgium has temporarily
AND
 end of this year.

Belgium relies on nuclear power
NWA~if !supportFootnotes~~2~~endif~:
Electricity production in
AND
plants shut down.

Extinction – collapses information superhighway

IEEE 7 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc, "Reliability and Blackouts," 4-25-2007)
"Without electrical power,
AND
blackout in its history ~6~.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lynbrook HW | Judge: Kyle Fennessy, Drew Marshall, Sunay Nanavati

Nuclear power is a strong source of US presence in the region-three warrants. Cultice 6/20

Curt Cultice, 6/20/16, "New Opportunities for U.S. Companies in Belgium's Civil Nuclear Energy Industry ," US Dept of Commerce,http://www.power-eng.com/articles/npi/print/volume-9/issue-3/nucleus/new-opportunities-for-u-s-companies-in-belgium-s-civil-nuclear-energy-industry.html,
Generally speaking, the country's
AND
to enter the market.

Analytic 

Analytic 

Squo solves- Belgium has increased security at plants significantly. CPI  3/11

Center For Public Integrity (Winner of 2014 Pulitzer Prize), 3/11/2016, Belgium orders immediate security upgrade at its nuclear sites, https://www.publicintegrity.org/2016/03/11/19417/belgium-orders-immediate-security-upgrade-its-nuclear-sites
Just weeks after publicly
AND
being dispatched to the sites at 140.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Lynbrook HW | Judge: Kyle Fennessy, Drew Marshall, Sunay Nanavati

The plan is a massive violation of energy federalism – each region has constitutional jurisdiction over nuclear power
Belgian Federal Government 16 "The powers of the Regions," Official Belgium government website, 2016
Regions have powers in
AND
in those fields.

Belgian federalism is key to EU cohesion – Flemish and Wallonian tensions are high and any additional violation of federalism triggers the impact
Sotirovic 14 Vladislav B. Sotirović (Associate professor,  Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Faculty of Politics and Management, Institute of Political Sciences), "Belgium's Multicultural Society: "Federalism Laboratory" of European Integration," Global Research, 11/22/2014
Belgium not so often attracts
AND
and multicultural Ukraine?

EU collapse causes global depression and warming
Strahan 10/13/11
~http://www.davidstrahan.com/blog/?p=1300
 David Strahan is an award-winning investigative journalist and documentary film-maker who specializes business and energy. For a decade he reported and produced extensively for the BBC's Money Programme and Horizon strands. He is also the author of The Last Oil Shock: A Survival Guide to the Imminent Extinction of Petroleum Man, published by John Murray, and continues to write, broadcast and consult on energy. He is a trustee of the Oil Depletion Analysis Centre, fellow of the RSA, and an honorary researcher at the Aon Benfield UCL Hazard Research Centre.~

 The climate always
AND
uncontrollable global warming.  

Global warming is real and causes extinction.

Flournoy 12

Don Flournoy 12, Citing Feng Hsu, PhD NASA Scientist @ the Goddard Space Flight Center and Don is a PhD and MA from UT, former Dean of the University College @ Ohio University, former Associate Dean at SUNY and Case Institute of Technology, Former Manager for University/Industry Experiments for the NASA ACTS Satellite, currently Professor of Telecommunications @ Scripps College of Communications, Ohio University, "Solar Power Satellites," January 2012, Springer Briefs in Space Development, p. 10-11
In the Online Journal of Space Communication , Dr. Feng Hsu, a  NASA
AND
simply too high for us to take any chances" (Hsu 2010 ).

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Christopher Columbus AT | Judge: Michael Harris
The aff’s fixation with saving humanity’s inevitable and imminent collapse makes us complacent on a breaking bridge only doomed for destruction.
Cohen ’12:
Cohen ’12 ( Tom, Literary, Cultural and Media Studies Professor at the University of Albany, “Murmurations – ‘Climate Change’ and the Defacement of Theory,” Telemorphosis: Theory in the Era of Climate Change, Vol 1, http://quod.lib.umich.edu/o/ohp/10539563.0001.001/1:3/~-~-telemorphosis-theory-in-the-era-of-climate-change-vol-1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext, TW)

Warnings regarding the
AND
that is accelerating.

The motion-picture of humanity is an apocalyptic film – it doesn’t finish with a happily ever after – a mindset change to an eco-pessimist view allows for us to encounter and understand differently. No longer should we try and repair the fairy tale of progress.
Ginn ’15:
Ginn ’15 (Franklin, lecturer in human geography at the University of Edinburgh, PhD from King’s College in London, Institute of Geography, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh “When Horses Won’t Eat: Apocalypse and the Anthropocene,” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 105(2) 2015, pp. 1–10  2015 by Association of American Geographers Initial submission, November 2013; revised submissions, May and July 2014; final acceptance, August 2014 Published by Taylor and Francis, LLC. https://franklinginn.files.wordpress.com/2015/02/ginn-2015-apocalypse-and-the-anthropocene-aag.pdf, TW)

If the anxieties of
AND
to unruly earth forces.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Holy Cross BZ | Judge: Travis Fife
Nuclear power is on the rise – key for many countries’ climate change goals, prohibitions on nuclear power kill nuclear energy.
 Scoblic ’08:
Scoblic ’08 (J.Peter, Executive Editor of New Republic, “Nuclear Spring,” New Republic, Vol 238:7, April 2008, https://newrepublic.com/article/62164/nuclear-spring, TW)

The Middle East is
AND
 of Concerned Scientists.

When nuclear power production stops, fossil fuels are burned instead.
Nordhaus, and Rothrock ’16:
Nordhaus, Ted, and Ray Rothrock. "Without Nuke Power, Climate Change Threat Grows: Column." USA Today. Gannett, 15 July 2016. Web. 11 Aug. 2016. HT

If there is
AND
on without them.

Nuclear power significantly slows down global warming, we need to shift right now.
Conca ’15:
Conca ’15 (James, Environmental scientist specializing in energy-related research, disposal methods, and environmental cleanup, and Trustee of the Herbert M. Parker Foundation, member of the Sierra Club, Greenpeace, the EDF, and the NRDC, “What About Nuclear Power Isn’t Good?,” Forbes, 08-07-15, http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2015/07/07/what-about-nuclear-power-isnt-good/#43d567b34805, TW)

In addition, the
AND
last 40 years.

Global warming causes severe, extreme weather and disproportionately harms minorities.
NWF n.d.
Bracketed for grammar
NWF n.d. (National Wildlife Fedaration, “Global Warming and Extreme Weather,” NWF, n.d., https://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats-to-Wildlife/Global-Warming/Global -Warming-is-Causing-Extreme-Weather.aspx, TW)

Global warming is
AND
and lost productivity.

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Eric Melin

Aff just leads to another shift in technology which is comparatively worse since we view renewables as infinite

Alt can't solve the environment

Story 11 —- BA, Boston College 2004 MA, Fordham University, 2007   (David, "NATURE, NIHILISM, AND LIFE IN HEIDEGGER AND NIETZSCHE:  NATURALISTIC METAPHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS", Proquest)trepka
While Heidegger's ambitious overhaul of the Western philosophical tradition is in many ways of a
AND
projects in the late 1920s and never works out a coherent philosophical biology. 

Environmental tech is inevitable and not using it is worse – letting be only continues ecological damage and inequality – concrete policy actions solve.

Levy 99

Levy 99 (Neil Levy, Deputy Director (Research) of the Oxford Centre for Neuroethics, PhD @ Centre for Critical Theory at Monash, "Foucault's Unnatural Ecology", in "Discourses of the Environment," ed. Eric Darier, 1999)
If the 'technological fix' is unlikely to be more successful than strategies of limitation
AND
and of those with whom we share this planet, will be decided?

Not even Heiddeger can explain what the alt does

Acumensch. "
Hyperborea: Heidegger Wrong On Technology." Hyperborea: Heidegger Wrong On Technology. Hyperborea, 8 Oct. 2007. Web. 28 June 2014.
It has occurred to me that Heidegger was deeply wrong about technology. He identifies
AND
of technology, as evidenced by the last quarter of the 20th Century.

Standing reserve of technology not permanent—reform can lead to positive change and progress

=====Tabachnick 7=====
~David Edward, "Heidegger's Essentialist Responses to the Challenge of Technology" Canadian
AND
rather than an active program of reform" (1999: 184).

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 5 | Opponent: Apple Valley KA | Judge: Travis Fife

1. In the world of the AC Jordan is reliant on oil and gas and on their neighbors for energy.
   Banks 1:
   Banks ’13 (John P, Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy, Energy Security and Climate Initiative, “Why Jordan Is Building Two New Nuclear Power Plants, Brookings On The Record, March 8 2013, https://www.brookings.edu/on-the-record/why-jordan-is-building-two-new-nuclear-power-plants/, TW)
   Amman is believed
   AND
   in Washington DC.

2. Jordan needs an energy source to keep up with the demand – nuclear energy good for the econ and the enviro.
Banks 2:
Banks ’13 (John P, Nonresident Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy, Energy Security and Climate Initiative, “Why Jordan Is Building Two New Nuclear Power Plants, Brookings On The Record, March 8 2013, https://www.brookings.edu/on-the-record/why-jordan-is-building-two-new-nuclear-power-plants/, TW)
John Banks: Well, first
AND
 imported fossil fuels.

3. Nuclear power solves water scarcity in Jordan and renewables aren’t good.
Ammon News ‘13:
Ammon News ’13 (Ammon News, “Why Jordan Needs Nuclear Power,” Ammon News: Voice of the Silent Majority, November 19 2013, http://en.ammonnews.net/article.aspx?articleno=23623#.WANvseArK00, TW)
Jordan imports 96
AND
Jordan 2 billion dollars.
Neg solves for water scarcity advantage

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Anderson IS | Judge: Rachana Kolli
In order for an action to be moral, it must be first willed universally: 

1. An agent’s will acts on a law that it gives to itself. If pleasure were a law to you, then you would straightaway do the pleasurable act, but since you’re autonomous, you can reason about taking the action. Thus a condition of action is that the will is self-determined. 

KORSGAARD:
“Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant” by Christine M. Korsgaard
“It remains to
AND
which you act.” (120-123)

And, only universally willing can be self-determined. 

KORSGAARD 2:
“Self-Constitution in the Ethics of Plato and Kant” by Christine M. Korsgaard
“The second step is
AND
action of something within him.” (123-124)

Analytic 

2. Actions are expressions of an agent’s reasoning from their end to the means, which unifies their action into a cohesive movement as opposed to fragmented steps.
ROEDL:
Sebastian Roedl.  Prof. Of Philosophy, University of Leipzig.  “Two Forms of Practical Knowledge and Their Unity” in  Ford and Hornsby, Eds. Essays on Anscombe's Intention (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2011) 239.

“We can give a
AND
of her nexus.” 

Analytic 

Analytiic
 
Thus, the sufficient negative burden is to prove that prohibiting the production of nuclear power cannot be willed as a universal principle. 

Contention:
No empirical object is intrinsically valuable. Their value lies only in relationship to rational agency.
KANT:
Immanuel Kant founder of analytic philosophy “Critique of Pure Reason” 1781
“We have therefore
AND
we can coerce everyone else. 

Analytic

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Holy Cross BZ | Judge: Travis Fife
CP: Countries should repeal legislation that provides liability insurance for the nuclear power industry, like the Price Anderson Act. 

CP is mutually exclusive since:

1. Analytic
   2. Analytic 

Liability insurance creates subsidies for the NP industry
Heyes ’02:
What is the cost of federal liability protection for nuclear power? Determining thePrice of Price-Anderson BY ANTHONY HEYES University of London http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/regulation/2002/10/v25n4-8.pdf, AL

Here is a
AND
additional insurance premiums.

The root cause of nuclear accidents is the lack of corporate accountability  
Boyd ’04:
Contact: Michele Boyd (202) 454-5134 “Price-Anderson Act: The Billion Dollar Bailout for Nuclear Power Mishaps” Public Citizen. Updated September 2004 https://www.citizen.org/documents/Price20Anderson20Factsheet.pdf, AL

Nuclear operators are
AND
a terrorist attack.

Getting rid of liability insurance increases safety standards
Heyes ’02:
What is the cost of federal liability protection for nuclear power? Determining the Price of Price-Anderson BY ANTHONY HEYES University of London http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/regulation/2002/10/v25n4-8.pdf, AL

There seems little
AND
sorts of contexts.

Empirically proven- all other industries lack insurance and have more accountability  
Kehoe ’86:
Kehoe, Keiki. Keiki Kehoe is director of the nuclear accountability and insurance project with the Environmental Policy Institute, a public policy research and lobbying organization."WHO SHOULD PAY FOR NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS; MAKING INDUSTRY SHOULDER ALL THE COSTS." New York Times 15 June 1986. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 9 Sept. 2016. URL http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/NewsDetailsPage/NewsDetailsWindow?disableHighlighting=falseanddisplayGroupName=NewsandcurrPage=andscanId=andquery=andprodId=OVICandsearch_within_results=andp=OVICandmode=viewandcatId=andlimiter=anddisplay-query=anddisplayGroups=andcontentModules=andaction=eandsortBy=anddocumentId=GALE7CA176357001andwindowstate=normalandactivityType=andfailOverType=andcommentary=andsource=Bookmarkandu=j101907002andjsid=53f6d0e74d24407c74fd24d0c56e7f50, AL 

Companies that cause
AND
Congress to decide?

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 2 | Opponent: Holy Cross BZ | Judge: Travis Fife

Libertarianism NC

I negate,

Governments are designed to protect individual freedoms. Liberty is a crucial component for humans to be moral agents, it is inalienable characteristic of our humanity.

Ripstein '09:

Ripstein '09 (Arthur, ~Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto, Associate editor of Philosophy and Individual Affairs,~ "Force and Freedom," President and Fellows of Harvard University Press, 2009, TW)

You are independent
AND
of his humanity.10

Thus the best criterion for the round is respecting liberty. 

Contention One Prohibitions on production of nuclear power violates liberty.

Subpoint A). Prohibitions aren't justified based on the possibility for something bad to happen – otherwise we would have nothing left.

Block and Block 2k:

Block and Block 2k (Walter and Matthew, "Toward a Universal Libertarian Theory of Gun (Weapon) Control: a Spatial and Geographical Analysis," Ethics, Place and Environment, Vol 3, No 3, pg 289-298, 2000, http://www.walterblock.com/wp-content/uploads/publications/theory_gun_control.pdf, TW)

In contrast, were a
AND
squarely upon the plaintiff.

Subpoint B). Nuclear power is not an aggressive or immoral activity – no matter personal opinions it cannot be banned.

Casey '12:

Casey '12 (Gerard, "Libertarian Anarchy: Against the State," Bloomsbury Publishing, 2012, https://books.google.com/books?id=lUESBwAAQBAJanddq=libertarianism+on+prohibition+on+nuclear+powerandsource=gbs_navlinks_s, TW)

It should now be
AND
be subject of legal prohibition.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 4 | Opponent: Anderson IS | Judge: Rachana Kolli
CP Text: "Each indigenous community should be allowed to decide for themselves if they want to prohibit the production of nuclear power with in the territory commonly known as ‘the United States’.” 

The CP competes on net benefits and is mutually exclusive.
 - Analytic  

1. The AC uses the state, CP doesn’t but instead looks the community leaders

The state is racist – even if the aff is a good idea its due to selfishness.
Feagin:
Feagin 2k (Joe, Professor of Sociology at the University of Florida, the Presidant of the American Sociological Association, “Racist America: Roots, Currents Realities and Future Reparations,” TW)

The liberal wing
AND
for large-scale protest.

2. Analytic

3. Analytic 

4. CP consults the community whereas the aff speaks for them which furthers oppression.

Alcoff :
Linda Martín Alcoff (Dept of Philo, Syracuse University) “The Problem with Speaking for Others” Cultural Critique (Winter 91-92)

Feminist discourse is
AND
anthropological discursive practice. 

5. CP recognizes the indigenous peoples as the rightful owners of the territory. We give back the land. 

Churchill 96’Ward 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 85-90)

The question which
AND
or Africa or wherever.”

Tournament: St Marks | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola DW | Judge: Eric Melin

The border is a zone of difference which makes possible violence in the borderland. Rigid distinctions between epistemological systems of thinking cannot account for hybridity. Embracing the borderland resist colonialism within epistemology itself.

KYNČLOVÁ:

Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa's Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies ~Online~, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD
"The border functions as a sign that represents the region of U.S
AND
part of a civil war within representation" (xiv)." (2)

Our approach is not purely grounded in the theoretical. The epistemology of binaries creates categories of normality within both sides of the dualism. This subjugates the lived experiences of those who can't fit neither side of the border.

KYNČLOVÁ:

Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa's Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies ~Online~, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD
"The physical presence of the border that separates the prosperity of the United States
AND
composition and methodology of Borderlands/La Frontera." (3-4)

The affirmatives focus on acknowledging difference in search for ethics reifies the binaries that make invisible violence done in borderlands of dualisms. Only a theory that recognizes becoming in the borderland and the struggle of recognition in doing so can solve.

KYNČLOVÁ:
Tereza Jiroutová Kynčlová, « Elastic, Yet Unyielding: The U.S.-Mexico Border and Anzaldúa's Oppositional Rearticulations of the Frontier », European journal of American studies ~Online~, Vol 9, No 3 | 2014, document 3, Online since 23 December 2014, connection on 17 August 2016. URL : http://ejas.revues.org/10384 ; DOI : 10.4000/ Special Issue: Transnational Approaches to North American Regionalism  UH-DD
"Demarcation lines, separation lines, dividing lines, boundaries, frontiers, borders
AND
process of negotiation, becoming, and struggle for recognition." (2)

Prohibition reinscribes domination

Ball n.d:

Ball n.d (Anna, ~University of Manchester,~ "Writing in the Margins: Exploring the Borderlands in the Work of Janet Frame and Jane Champion," Borders and Boundaries, Esharp Issue 5, n.d. http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_41163_en.pdf, TW)
How might the border, a spatial construct, be linked to cultural identity?
AND
contested, defended, fought over. (2002, p.198)

Nuclear Power is socially constructed in "packages" of cultural meaning—this creates a rigid dualism.

Wagenaar 11:

Wagenaar, H. Meaning in Action: Interpretation and Dialogue in Policy Analysis. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2011. Print.
Although "frame" and "framing" have become standard terms in policy analysis
AND
-friendly, low-energy life style; Public Accountability, which  

The alternative is to embrace NEPANTLA as a starting point for an epistemology that recognizes the exclusion of the borderland through dualisms. This creates the possibility of bridging the object-subject duality that keeps the mestiza a prisoner by recuperating the possibility of a space in between that allows us to theorize about new forms of becoming and productive epistemologies.

Zaccaria:

PAOLA ZACCARIA  Living in El Lugar of Transformations, Translating Vision into Writing  UH-DD
"In my opinion all these transformational performances which speak of agency also relate to
AND
of as multicultural/mestizo/nepantla translationscapes." (186-191) 

The role of the ballot is to adopt Nepantla pedagogy. Outweighs their role of the ballot  – their unquestionable starting point of needing to construct debate through a singular axis rein trenches borders and epistemological colonialism in education.

Abraham:

Abraham, S. (2014). A Nepantla pedagogy: Comparing Anzaldúa's and Bakhtin's Ideas for pedagogical and social change. Critical Education, 5(5). University of Georgia  UH-DD
"Nepantla is the site of transformation. The place where different perspectives come into
AND
our educational research (Gonzalez-Lopez, 2006; Keating, 2006)."