Tournament: Beltway | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Producing nuclear power requires agreeing to the Space Trader’s offer. On one hand, Bell describes a dystopian future. On the other, this future is shockingly similar to the current status of the United States. Bell
Derrick Bell, "Space Traders." 1992.
1 January. The... to their ships.

The AFF advocacy is to stop both symbolically and literally trading African Americans in exchange for Nuclear Power. I defend the implementation of a post-fiat policy to ban the production of nuclear energy.

We must say no to the Space Traders. Bell 2
Derrick Bell, "Space Traders." 1992.
There was a... forebears had arrived.

The ROB is to vote for the debater who best performatively and methodologically challenges Anti-Blackness. 

The debate space has failed in breaking down the structures of race by excluding discussion-now is the time for change to occur. Brinkley
Brinkley ’12 (Dr. Shanara Reed-Brinkley, An Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, where she also serves as the Director of Debate for the William Pitt Debating Union. She is a national award winner for her published work on critical theory, black feminist theory, gender, black culture and history, and hip hop culture and theory, Resistance and Debate, “An Open Letter to Sarah Spring” http://resistanceanddebate.wordpress.com/2012/11/12/an-open-letter-to-sarah-spring/)
Lack of community... or social positioning.

Science fiction completely inverts preconceived notions of black identity by radically re-imagining new possibilities of black empowerment. Womack
Womack, Ytasha. Afrofuturism: the world of Black sci-fi and fantasy culture. Chicago Review Press, 2013.
This blossoming culture... at things differently.

Racial Realism is key. Society will never rid itself of oppression, but survival politics is what’s important. Bell
Bell, Derrick. "Racial realism." Conn. L. Rev. 24 (1991): 363.
While implementing Racial... lose every round.

Space Traders’ historicity uncovers uneasy intuitions, ridding complacency. Delgado
Delgado, Richard, and Jean Stefancic. "Derrick Bell's Chronicle of the Space Traders: Would the US Sacrifice People of Color if the Price Were Right." U. Colo. L. Rev. 62 (1991): 321.
Bell's scathing skepticism... universal Good. 48.

Bell’s racial realism is very real-world. Curry
Dr. Tommy J. Curry, “We Who Must Fight in the Shade: Derrick Bell’s Philosophy of Racial Realism as the basis of a Black Politics of Disempowerment.”
This paper intends... of racist oppression. 

Passing off subjective conceptions of fairness as objective both justifies and has empirically caused exclusion within the debate space as majority white male conceptions of debate become norms creating entrance barriers. WARNER
Ede Warner Jr. is a Professor of Communications and debate coach at the University of Louisiana, "Go Homers, Makeovers or Takeovers?  A Privilege Analysis of Debate as a Gaming Simulation.” 2013.
More often than... acknowledged to date.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
VC: Mitigating Structural Violence

Structural Violence is predicated on differences that arbitrarily reduce the scope of justice. Winter and Leighton 99
Christie, D. J., R. V. Wagner, and D. DuNann Winter. "Peace, conflict and violence: Peace psychology for the 21st century." A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention 48 (2003).
Finally, to recognize... building lasting peace.

Structural violence mandates concrete discussion. Curry 14
Dr. Tommy J. Curry The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century. 2014
Despite the pronouncement... contemporary moral parameters.

Structural violence is the largest proximate cause of war- creates priming that psychologically structures escalation. Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 4
(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22)
This large and... among otherwise good.

Solutions to oppression can’t merely be the re-imposition of the logic in a different form. Friere 68
Friere 68 (“The Pedagogy of the Oppressed”, Paulo Friere, Brazilian Philosipher, 1968)
It is only when... methods of dehumanization.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should prohibit the production of nuclear power. 

Black bodies are fungible-- we place nuclear waste facilities on their land while not realizing the terrible long-term effects. Dixon 12
Dixon, "Environmental racism: Is nuclear plant causing cancer for poor black residents of Shell Bluff, Ga.?" http://thegrio.com/2012/01/25/nuclear-plants-and-cancer-epidemics-in-a-poor-black-georgia-town-environmental-racism-in-the-21st-ce/
Environmental racism occurs... know is there.

It's try or die for the Aff-- nobody will listen. Dixon 12
Dixon, "Environmental racism: Is nuclear plant causing cancer for poor black residents of Shell Bluff, Ga.?" http://thegrio.com/2012/01/25/nuclear-plants-and-cancer-epidemics-in-a-poor-black-georgia-town-environmental-racism-in-the-21st-ce/
We’ve had meetings... sold to Florida.

Nuclear power companies dump waste on Native land. NIRS 1
NIRS, "Environmental Racism, Tribal Sovereignty, and Nuclear Waste" http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pfsejfactsheet.htm
Nevadans and Utahans... past five years.

Without ending nuclear power, we destroy Natives and their land. NIRS 1
NIRS, "Environmental Racism, Tribal Sovereignty, and Nuclear Waste" http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pfsejfactsheet.htm
Having lost its... and environmental racism.

Tournament: Beltway | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
Agency is intersubjective and fluidly determined through interaction with the other. This means recognition is a precondition to all normative questions. BUTLER:
Butler, Judith. Giving an Account of Oneself.  Diacritics, Vol. 31, No. 4. (Winter, 2001), pp. 22-40
In all the... condition it supplies

However, basing a theory of recognition around identity fails. Fraser 1
Fraser, Nancy. "Recognition without ethics?." Theory, culture and society 18, no. 2-3 (2001): 21-42.
The key to... forms of communitarianism.

Instead, I conceptualize recognition is adhering to a norm of participatory parity that allows all groups to interact with each other as peers in society. Solves the harms of the identity model. Fraser 2
Fraser, Nancy. "Recognition without ethics?." Theory, culture and society 18, no. 2-3 (2001): 21-42.
For these reasons... that foster it.

Prefer additionally because the ideal of participatory parity is the only morally binding framework. Fraser
Fraser, Nancy. "Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation." Culture and economy after the cultural turn (1999): 25-52.
This account offers... of value pluralism.

Thus, I affirm that countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power as a rejection of hard power. I reserve the right to clarify.

There are two types of energy production – soft energy and hard energy. Soft energy is localized and facilitates community involvement.
Lovins, cofounder and Chief Scientist of Rocky Mountain Institute; energy advisor to major firms and governments in 65+ countries for 40+ years; author of 31 books and 600 papers; and an integrative designer of superefficient buildings, factories, and vehicles, 1976
(Amory B., “Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?”, Foreign Affairs, October Issue, Online: http://courses.washington.edu/pbaf595/Readings/Lovins_1976.pdf, Accessed September 8 – MG)
There exists today... deserves immediate explanation.

However, even if nuclear energy is safe and equally distributed, it violates care for the self because it requires a centralized political econom. This centralization obfuscates the particulars of energy policies for individuals, prevents grassroots resistance to the state and reifies current socioeconomic inequalites. LOVINS:
Amory B. Lovins, consultant physicist and British Representative of Friends of the Earth, “Energy Strategy: The Road Not Taken?” LHP RS
In contrast to... in favor of them. 

Current nuclear power plants in the U.S are unfairly distributed and disproportionality affect minorities. Squo attempts to resolve the issue are ignored because of difficulties---only the aff attempts to recognize them. COUSINS ET AL:
Elicia Cousins, Claire Karban, Fay Li, and Marianna Zapanta. “Nuclear Power and Environmental Justice:
A Mixed-Methods Study of Risk, Vulnerability, and the Victim Experience”. Carleton College, Environmental Studies Comprehensive Project Northfield, MN, USA  LHP AA
Amidst growing concerns... the United States.

And, a radical change in the politics of energy is necessary --- the nuclear power industry shapes society to force individuals to become complicit in their own exploitation. SATO:
Yoshiyuki SATO. “What kind of Philosophy is possible after Fukushima?” Digital Objects and Milieux, Tsukuba University, http://www.journaldumauss.net/spip.php?article1038  LHP AA
The desubjectification against... on natural energy.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. If the Negative proposes an alternate burden structure than the truth or falsity of the resolution, they must disclose the burden on the NDCA wiki prior to the round.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. If the negative reads multiple counterplans they must include an explicit counterplan text and competition text in each counterplan.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. Debaters may only read positions that are disclosed on the NDCA wiki prior to the round. To clarify, disclosure means full citations, tags, and the first and last three words of each card.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. The negative must only defend one ROB in the 1NR.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. The negative must defend the hypothetical implementation of a policy

Tournament: Bronx | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. If debaters read a pre-written theory shell, the interpretation must be disclosed on the NDCA wiki 24 hours prior to the round. To clarify, debaters do not have to disclose extempted interpretations, but if they have shells pre-written that they know they might read, the interpretations must be disclosed.

Tournament: Yale | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. If debaters argue for presumption, they must explicitly specify conditions under which presumption may be triggered and what the implication is.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. If the negative reads topicality, they must have disclosed the interpretation on the HSLD wiki at least 30 minutes prior to the round.

Tournament: Grapevine | Round: 1 | Opponent: Any | Judge: Any
A. If the Aff specifies how to weigh under his framework, the negative must also specify in the form of a text in the 1NC how to weigh under their framework.