Tournament: any | Round: 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any
You can contact me for my cites via my email: kraphaelson2019@bwscampus.com, or my facebook: Katie Raph. You can also check my teammates' wikis for what I might read

Tournament: any | Round: Finals | Opponent: any | Judge: any
Interpretation: negative advocacies must be unconditional unless permed.

Tournament: CPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart MC | Judge: Nick Steele
My cites aren't working so check the open source

Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Greenhill SK | Judge: Carlos Taylor
Harms
Brackets for clarity, efficiency, and ableist language.

Tessa Sheehan, a 56-year-old woman with schizoaffective disorder was shot, pepper sprayed and assaulted by the San Francisco Police Department, who knew of her disability, after she refused to cooperate with police.  Her pain will forever go remedied – The Supreme Court ruled 6-2 that police were protected by qualified immunity when they failed to accommodate disabled folks under the Americans with Disability Act. Hurley ‘15
Lawrence Hurley, “The Supreme Court Just Sided With 2 San Francisco Cops Who Shot A Mentally Ill Woman Wielding A Knife” Reuters. 5/18/15. http://www.businessinsider.com/r-us-top-court-backs-police-over-arrest-of-mentally-ill-woman-2015-5

The U.S. Supreme...go to trial.

These are not isolated incidents – empirically people with disabilities are much more likely to face arrest, discrimination, and police brutality. Auner‘16
Thomas J. Auner, For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests, 49 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 335 (2016). Available at: http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10

Violent confrontations between...the general population.38

Qualified immunity makes disabled folks open to over policing and brutality – Officers get away without facing the disastrous consequences of their actions. Auner 2
Thomas J. Auner, For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests, 49 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 335 (2016). Available at: http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10

To succeed in...by qualified immunity.73 

Qualified immunity prevents victims from accessing compensation for discrimination cases. Gildin ‘99
Gary S. Gildin Professorof Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University “DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED” 1999 U. Ill. L. Rev. 897 1999

The legislative instruction...those who discriminate.

Plan
Thus the plan text: The United States federal government ought to mandate that all circuit courts prohibit the use of the qualified immunity defense for damages brought under the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the Individuals with Disabilities Act against police officers.  
Gildin 2:
Gary S. Gildin Professor of Law, The Dickinson School of Law of the Pennsylvania State University “DIS-QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FOR DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE DISABLED” 1999 U. Ill. L. Rev. 897 1999

In his article...to be available.

Allowing plaintiffs to pursue legal remedy through disability legislation has empirically caused increased accommodations and facilities for disabled folks. Auner 3
Thomas J. Auner, For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests, 49 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 335 (2016). Available at: http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10

When courts deem...in substantial improvements.102

Police departments can change and improve interaction with people with disability – Memphis proves. Auner 4
Thomas J. Auner, For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests, 49 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 335 (2016). Available at: http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10

Similarly, police departments...course of action.121

ROB/Framing

The role of the ballot is to promote strategies for the liberation of disabled people. My role of the ballot focuses on post fiat solutions to oppressions enacted through policy – and the judge votes for the debater with the best method to combat ableism. The offense in case links to the ROB and I’m willing to clarify further in CX, so there’s no ambiguity.

Exclusion of disabled individuals is the root cause of violence.
Siebers ‘10 (Tobin, professor of English, University of Michigan, Disability Aesthetics, pgs 23-28)

Disqualification as a...justifiable human inferiority. 

The relationship between the police and disabled folks has reached a breaking point – an intense examination of the structures that separate them is required for positive change. Auner 5
Thomas J. Auner, For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests, 49 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 335 (2016). Available at: http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol49/iss1/10 BWSWJ

But this does...of mental illness.111 

Underview

1. Kritiks

Solutions to oppression need to be grounded in policy rather than abstraction. K’s must be tied to an implementable, political solution to be effective. Bryant ’12
Levi R. Bryant, Professor of Philosophy at Collin College, holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Loyola University in Chicago, 2012 (“Underpants Gnomes: A Critique of the Academic Left,” Larval Subjects—Levi R. Bryant’s philosophy blog, November 11th, Available Online at http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/11/11/underpants-gnomes-a-critique-of-the-academic-left/, Accessed 02-21-2014)

The problem as...luck with that.

Policymaking is key to political activism, which turns the k.
Coverstone ’05
Coverstone 5 MBA (Alan, Acting on Activism, http://home.montgomerybell.edu/~coversa/Acting20on20Activism20(Nov2017-2005).doc)
An important concern...in America today.

We’re not the law or state affirmation – making demands on the state and questioning current methods works outside of the political order and questions its legitimacy. Newman 10
(Saul, Reader in Political Theory at Goldsmiths, U of London, Theory and Event Volume 13, Issue 2)

There are two...and deny them

2. Theory

1. The aff gets RVI’s because of 1AR time skew, defensive responses to theory prevent me from having time to construct substantive outs. Time skew outweighs other RVI arguments on severity - I can never build an effective strategy without sufficient time. 

2. The negative must read all t and theory interps indicting the affirmative post fiat advocacy in cx, giving the aff an opportunity to concede the interp. Without checking the aff is locked into theory every round - the neg can read mutually exclusive shells- ie. Must read a plan, must not read a plan, must/must not spec decision, etc. Combatting mutually exclusive interps is key to fairness because it protects the 1AC time investment and key to education by reducing frivolous theory.

Tournament: Damus | Round: 1 | Opponent: San Marino KW | Judge: Samantha Weiss
FRAMING

Brackets for clarity, efficiency, and potentially offensive language. 

The role of the ballot is Minimizing Structural Barriers, defined as alleviating the material conditions that commit structural violence on marginalized groups. Prefer

Focusing on which ethical or philosophical ideology is best makes applicable discussion impossible, and causes debate to divorce itself from empirical realities. Instead we must ground our analysis of the resolution in real-world struggles that plague society. Curry.
Dr. Tommy J. Curry 14, “The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century”, Victory Briefs, 2014
"Despite the pronouncement... seek to address."

This turns and outweighs kritik alternatives. Abstraction divorces us from reality, destroying critical advocacy skills and tools we need to resist oppression. It also allows the problems that we criticize to be perpetuated as we ignore material conditions and constantly debate about high theory. 

2. Ethical theories that aren’t grounded in the current social context fail to analyze structural inequalities and real world issues.  Mills bracketed.
Mills, C. W. (2009), Rawls on Race/Race in Rawls. The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 47: 161–184
"Now how can...ever did arrive." 

This means the case comes before k alts – before we can have an ideal forum to talk about discourse and representations we need to solve for the disparities and oppression in the world.

3. We need to create systems that focus on strategies to stop oppression and make our ethical categorizing meaningful – otherwise people are arbitrarily excluded. Winter and Leighton.
Deborah DuNann Winter and Dana C. Leighton. Winter: Psychologist that specializes in Social Psych, Counseling Psych, Historical and Contemporary Issues, Peace Psychology. Leighton: PhD graduate student in the Psychology Department at the University of Arkansas. Knowledgable in the fields of social psychology, peace psychology, and ustice and intergroup responses to transgressions of justice) (Peace, conflict, and violence: Peace psychology in the 21st century. Pg 4-5)
"Finally, to recognize...to reduce it."

CONTENTION 1: IS THE HARMS

Police officer’s negligence due to lack of accountability perpetuates the existence of IPV. Gray
Lela Gray, J.D. Candidate, Albany Law School, 2011; B.A., University of South Florida, 2007. “Municipal Accountability in Domestic Violence: A Promising New Case,” http://www.albanygovernmentlawreview.org/Articles/Vol04_1/4.1.362-Gray.pdf
"In this paper, ... cure this problem."

Qualified immunity protects omissions—meaning that police are not liable for refusing to help survivors of IPV. Stringent evidence requirements are only further obstacles towards recourse. Bishop
Gary M. Bishop, Section 1983 and Domestic Violence: A Solution to the Problem of Police Officers' Inaction, 30 B.C.L. Rev. 1357 (1989), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr/vol30/iss5/3
"In the absence ... a fellow officer."

McFarlane:
Lauren L. McFarlane, Domestic Violence Victims v. Municipalities: Who Pays When the Police Will Not Respond, 41 Cas. W. Res. L. Rev. 929 (1991) Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol41/iss3/19
"Referring to one ... the violence themselves."

The qualified immunity doctrine allows police to claim laws are not clearly established as a way to justify lack of action in cases of IPV. Harper
Laura S. Harper, Battered Women Suing Police for Failure to Intervene: Viable Legal Avenues After Deshaney v. Winnibago County Department of Social Services , 75 Cornell L. Rev. 1392 (1990) Available at: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/vol75/iss6/4
"Should a battered ... their constitutional rights."

CONTENTION 2: IS THE ADVOCACY

Thus the plan text
Resolved: The United States federal government ought to ban the use of the qualified immunity defense in cases where officers are negligent or fail to reasonably respond in cases of IPV. I reserve the right to clarify in CX. Stein is the solvency advocate.
Kelsey Stein, journalist for AL.com, “Wrongful death lawsuit dismissed after Hoover police did not immediately enter home after woman’s fatal stabbing,” September 18, 2104, http://www.al.com/news/birmingham/index.ssf/2014/09/judge_dismisses_lawsuit_claimi.html
"The death of ... take reasonable action."

A lack of accountability for police officers empowers batterers and prevents the enforcement of IPV laws. Exceptions don’t solve. Gray 2
Lela Gray, J.D. Candidate, Albany Law School, 2011; B.A., University of South Florida, 2007. “Municipal Accountability in Domestic Violence: A Promising New Case,” http://www.albanygovernmentlawreview.org/Articles/Vol04_1/4.1.362-Gray.pdf
"However, both the ... words on a page."

Police intervention is key to break the cycle of violence—limiting qualified immunity is a push towards action.
McFarlane 2 Lauren L. McFarlane, Domestic Violence Victims v. Municipalities: Who Pays When the Police Will Not Respond, 41 Cas. W. Res. L. Rev. 929 (1991)
Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol41/iss3/19

"Prompt police intervention, ... domestic vio- lence calls.'"

The legal system is key to provide protection for survivors of IPV.
Bishop Gary M. Bishop, Section 1983 and Domestic Violence: A Solution to the Problem of Police Officers' Inaction, 30 B.C.L. Rev. 1357 (1989), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr/vol30/iss5/3
"Violence against women ... the passive officer."

CONTENTION 3 IS FRAMING

Engaging in critical discussion of IPV in our culture is key to actively creating change.  Chawla.
Tarang Chawla University of Melbourne “How we talk about domestic violence needs to change” Medium. March 26, 2015. RY
"Current conversation on...about IPV domestic violence."

 I recognize that IPV is an intersectional issue that affects all races, including but not limited to women, the LGBTQ+ community, and even men. The problem is that a vast majority of IPV targets are women which informs literature discussion. Vainik.
Citation: 91 Minn. L. Rev. 1113 2006-2007 Kiss, Kiss, Bang, Bang: How CurrentApproaches to Guns and Domestic Violence Fail to Save Women's Lives JenniferL. Vainik

"While the term...of their children."

This has multiple implications:
a. No link to intersectionality or male victimization – the AC would prevent all officers in any cases involving IPV from receiving qualified immunity. Implementation of the AC is intersectional, recognizing there are many possible instances of partner violence and I account for any literature bias in my speech act.

b. It’s comparatively better to have the AC’s discussion with evidence focusing on women then no discussion at all. Since the literature heavily focuses on harms to women, we couldn’t have a partner violence aff on this topic at all without this framing. This outweighs their kritik on severity – even if I do not fully represent every voice it’s better to at least start the discussion and give them a chance to be heard rather than perpetuating silence on partner violence.

Underviews