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Cites
Entry
Date
0 - Contact Info
Tournament: any | Round: 1 | Opponent: any | Judge: any My email is levensoneve@gmail.com, but I don't always get email notifications so Facebook messaging is more reliable (facebook username = my name).
9/10/16
1 We K
Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: PV Peninsula JL | Judge: Bistagne, Scoggin, Steele Reject the aff because of his use of ‘we’ in place of first personal singular pronouns such as I, my, or third person singular pronouns corresponding to gender identity.
The word “we” when used to apply to a single person references the “royal we” and is used to dominate and marginalize oppressed groups. Noël ‘94 (Lise Noël “Intolerance: The Parameters of Oppression” McGill-Queen’s University Press. 1994) "Sometimes the oppressed ... language of objectivity."
My argument is NOT that my opponent identifies in any way – but that the obscuring of such identities destroys our ability to deconstruct sexist oppression.
This is a reason to negate!
Examining discourse is necessary to uncover and challenge systems of power. This precludes all other impacts, we can only approach knowledge once we untangle it from regimes of power. Bleiker ‘03 (Discourse and Human Agency Roland Bleiker1 School of Political Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QID 4072, Australia. E-mail: bleiker@mailbox.ug.edu.an Contemporary Political Theory, 2003, 2, (25–47) r 2003 Palgrave Macmillan Ltd 1470-8914/03 $15.00) "‘It is within ... thereby becomes improbable.’"
2. Fiat is illusory – when you sign your ballot Congress isn’t spurred to action. However, the things we endorse as people do make a difference since it affects how we actually see and live in the world.
In round discourse matters —you are an educator – drop the flow. Vincent ‘13 (Christopher Debate Coach, former college NDT debater “Re-Conceptualizing Our Performances: Accountability In Lincoln Douglas Debate” "Charles Mills argues ... community could have."
10/30/16
1 - Abstraction DA
Tournament: UPS | Round: 5 | Opponent: Palo Alto BH | Judge: Cameron Allen Your method of criticism causes over abstraction – over reliance on theory reproduces the social relations you criticize Bryant 13: Bryant, Levi R. "The gravity of things: An introduction to onto-cartography." (2013). JL – Jackson not Jonas "Attentiveness to signifying ... within those networks."
1/7/17
1 - Black Nihilism
Tournament: Voices | Round: 4 | Opponent: Carmel Valley Independent KL | Judge: Michael OKrent The hope for progress is a lie predicated on and reproducing anti-black violence. Warren Warren, Calvin L. "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope." CR: The New Centennial Review 15.1 (2015): 215-248. "Perverse juxtapositions structure ... to black suffering."
The politics of hope ignores that politics is inherently anti-black, the dream of progress through the political is cruel optimism enables anti-black violence. Warren Warren, Calvin L. "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope." CR: The New Centennial Review 15.1 (2015): 215-248. "To speak of ... the problem itself."
The only alternative is political apostasy and abandoning the politics of hope. Self-abandonment of the political is the only appropriate response to anti-black structures of violence. Warren Warren, Calvin L. "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope." CR: The New Centennial Review 15.1 (2015): 215-248. "For West and Brogdon, ... and spiritual practice."
The Role of the Ballot is to challenge racism, it’s a prior question. Memmi Memmi 2k MEMMI Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165 "The struggle against ... stakes are irresistible."
1/14/17
1 - Black Nihilism K
Tournament: Voices | Round: 4 | Opponent: Carmel Valley Independent KL | Judge: Michael OKrent The hope for progress is a lie predicated on and reproducing anti-black violence. Warren Warren, Calvin L. "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope." CR: The New Centennial Review 15.1 (2015): 215-248. "Perverse juxtapositions structure ... to black suffering."
The politics of hope ignores that politics is inherently anti-black, the dream of progress through the political is cruel optimism enables anti-black violence. Warren Warren, Calvin L. "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope." CR: The New Centennial Review 15.1 (2015): 215-248. "To speak of ... the problem itself."
The only alternative is political apostasy and abandoning the politics of hope. Self-abandonment of the political is the only appropriate response to anti-black structures of violence. Warren Warren, Calvin L. "Black Nihilism and the Politics of Hope." CR: The New Centennial Review 15.1 (2015): 215-248. "For West and Brogdon, ... and spiritual practice."
The Role of the Ballot is to challenge racism, it’s a prior question. Memmi Memmi 2k MEMMI Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ Unv. Of Paris Albert-; RACISM, translated by Steve Martinot, pp.163-165 "The struggle against ... stakes are irresistible."
1/7/17
1 - Decadence DA
Tournament: UPS | Round: 5 | Opponent: Palo Alto BH | Judge: Cameron Allen The Aff asks us to simply trust their identity. Such moves discount evidence and reduce epistemology to the value we are demanded to place in our sympathies with the authority of the person. When “performing evidence” substitutes for evidence, the appearance of legitimacy dooms the pursuit of knowledge and propagates decadence. Lewis Gordon—professor at philosophy, African and Judiac Studies at University of Connecticut Storrs—2006 (Disciplinary Decadence: Living Thought in Trying Times, p 28-29) "A striking feature ... of perennial truths."
Decadence allows the colonization of methods, thinking, and destroys the possibility of a decolonized ethics of the oppressed to overturn—turns case and no solvency. Lewis Gordon 14—professor of philosophy, African and Judiac Studies at the University of Connecticut—2014 (“Disciplinary Decadence and the Decolonization of Knowledge,” Africa Development 39.1: 81-92, 88). "The first is ... face a similar fate"
1/7/17
1 - Ideal Theory K
Tournament: UPS | Round: 4 | Opponent: Michael Fitzgerald | Judge: Central Valley NM The affs approach to answering the question of “ought” presumes access that the black thinker does not have – The world is framed by white supremacy, and black ethical deliberation is censored in favor of abstract white philosophy. Curry ’13, (Curry, Tommy J. doctor in Associate Professor of Philosophy, Affiliated Professor of Africana Studies, Texas A and M University In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical. 2013.FT) "Ought implies a ... idea of ethics."
The black thinker cannot ought to do something under a veil of morality given to use by the world framed by white supremacy. Morality is contingent upon black demise, so when we say we value morality, we are valuing a system of morality constituted by European anthropology that needs black death in order to survive. Their starting point cannot include our concerns. Ideal theory is a tool of exclusion by white academia. Mills: Mills, Charles Caribbean philosopher from Jamaica. He is known for his work in social and political philosophy, particularly in oppositional political theory as centered on class, gender, and race “Ideal Theory as Ideology” Hypatia, Volume 20 (Number 3). Summer 2005. FT "Finally, consider the ... the status quo."
The alternative is an anti-ethical paradigm - this situates normativity on a focus towards material lived experiences - vote neg to reject the colorblind mindset of the 1AC that only re-entrenches domination. Dr. Tommy J. Curry 13, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Texas AandM, "In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical", 2013 FT "Anti-ethics; the ... nigger-souls, is totalizing."
The role of the ballot is to vote for the debate who best discursively and methodologically challenges oppression. Each decision made by both debaters and judges matter – they perpetuate the exclusionary nature of debate – accessibility is a multiplier for all other impacts
1/7/17
1 - Orwell K
Tournament: Voices | Round: 4 | Opponent: Carmel Valley Independent KL | Judge: Michael OKrent WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF 1984, NEWSPEAK REPLACED OLDSPEAK ALONG WITH YOUR FREEDOM AND RIGHTS. LINGUISTIC DECADENCE HAS LEAD TO ORWELL’S WORST NIGHTMARE.
Your criticism is devoid of actual meaning, it just uses ambiguous terms to puff up its legitimacy: bindingness, universizable George Orwell, 1946 http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit/ Politics and the English language "MEANINGLESS WORDS. In certain kinds of ... reactionary, bourgeois, equality."
Impact is the justification and defense of nearly every past, present, and future instances of oppression. Orwell George Orwell, 1946 http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit/ Politics and the English language "In our time, ...of one's brain."
ALT – Orwell George Orwell, 1946 http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit/ Politics and the English language i. Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print. ii. Never use a long word where a short one will do. iii. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. iv. Never use the passive where you can use the active. v. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent. vi. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.
1/14/17
1 - Plan Flaw Should
Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: PV Peninsula JL | Judge: Bistagne, Scoggin, Steele Should is a plan flaw -- should is subjective, means it’s not a law, aff doesn’t do anything. Alla ‘15 Alla English Teacher “Difference between ought to and should!” 02/06/2015. http://www.myenglishteacher.eu/question/difference-between-ought-to-and-should/ "SHOULD and OUGHT ... to stop here."
Vote neg—it’s impossible to debate an aff that does nothing and it’s not in your jurisdiction to vote for a policy that can never actually exist—hurts education and real-world applicability.
10/30/16
1 - Theory against CPs must only be warranted through structural skews
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley HS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig A. Interpretation – Theory against counterplans must only warrant abuse through structural skews, rather than substantive unfairness or substantively uneducational practices. To clarify – you can run theory against a counterplan if it grants the neg more routes to the ballot or puts nibs on the aff, but you can’t run theory if there is not great ground on it, not as much literature on it, its not predictable, etc.
B. Pre-emptive shell
C. Standards
1) Substantive Clash
D. Voter: fairness and education
2/5/17
1 - Wounded Attachments K
Tournament: UPS | Round: 5 | Opponent: Palo Alto BH | Judge: Cameron Allen Using identity as the basis for political action precludes finding the solidarity necessary to effectuating change in a wider community Bhambra and Margree ‘10 (Gurminder K. and Victoria, University of Warwick and University of Brighton, " Identity Politics and the Need for a ‘Tomorrow’,” Economic and political Weekly, April 2010, Volume xlv, Issue 15) "1 Exclusionary Politics It ... see Holmwood 1995)."
Politicized identities need to be defined in terms of a future they aspire to- not violence that has been actuated against them. This is the most productive model of politics, avoids a politics of fetishization, and foments a future with less violence Bhambra and Margree 10 (Gurminder K. and Victoria, University of Warwick and University of Brighton, " Identity Politics and the Need for a ‘Tomorrow’,” Economic and political Weekly, April 2010, Volume xlv, Issue 15) "In what follows ... Lynn Hankinson Nelson."
1/7/17
JanFeb - Constitutionally Protected T Interp
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JI | Judge: Sujay Singh A. Interpretation: The affirmative must only eliminate restrictions on constitutionally protected speech – they cannot fiat or gain offense from removing a speech regulation that’s constitutional. Constitutionally protected speech is limited by exceptions created by the Supreme Court – its protected unless there’s a specific exemption in play.
Tournament: CPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carmel Valley Independent KL | Judge: Shania Hunt To negate is defined "as to deny the existence, evidence, or truth of." ((http://www.dictionary.com/browse/negate))
Thus the burden of proof is on the affirmative to demonstrate an obligation to change speech codes.
I value institutional obligations. A functional ought is the only way to have a coherent system of value. Smith summarizes Thompson (ON NORMATIVITY MICHAEL SMITH https://www.princeton.edu/~msmith/mypapers/On20Normativity.pdf) brackets in original "Thomson argues for by the elimination of alternatives. Something's being a good K1 can't just amount to its being good and a K1 because, if it did, it would follow from something's being a good K1 and its being a K2 that it is a good K2, whereas that does not follow: a good tennis player who plays chess need not be a good chess player (pp.3-6). The obvious diagnosis, here, is that judgements of goodness are made relative to the kind in question: a good K is good qua K. Thomson then argues for (ii) on the grounds that, when we unpack the idea of something's being good qua K, what we discover is that "being a K … must itself set the standards that a K has to meet if it is to be good qua K" (p.21). This is what it is for K to be a goodness-fixing kind. Being a chess player, for example, itself sets the standards for being a good chess player, so being a chess player is a goodness-fixing kind."
And universities aren't moral actors. A precondition to moral action is intentionality; individuals aren't responsible for actions they're not capable of being aware that they are taking. However, a college itself cannot have moral intentions since: a) They are made up of many people who all possess different viewpoints and have no unified consciousness b) colleges are only structures with positions that are constantly changing. Thus any non-functional interpretation makes the resolution illogical - we can only use ethics to evaluate moral actors.
The function of colleges is to provide effective education. Petrache '14 (An opinion article by Horia I. Petrache, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202 February 22, 2014) "College is called ... College does that."
Thus I contend that speech codes are necessary for colleges to be consistent with their function to educate. There are well established checks for academic speech - we need to give universities the ability to set policies otherwise libertarian interference causes our education system to collapse. Byrne '04 (J. Peter Byrne, "THE THREAT TO CONSTITUTIONAL ACADEMIC FREEDOM", Journal of College and University Law 2004 JL) "As a lawyer ... more libertarian values."
We need restrictions on academic speech for effective education - eg we wouldn't want a physics professor who claimed that the world was flat or an anthropologist who argued in favor of racism.
12/18/16
JanFeb - Education NC
Tournament: UPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michael Curry | Judge: Mount Vernon GP Framework
Because the word ought in the resolution implies a moral obligation, I value morality.
My value criterion, or means by which to achieve morality is, promoting education.
2) Education is a college’s primary obligation: The function of colleges is to provide effective education. Petrache ‘14 (An opinion article by Horia I. Petrache, Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN 46202 February 22, 2014) "College is called ... College does that."
And prefer impacts linking back to education and only evaluate the consequences of any given action since features besides outcomes that we might view as morally relevant are impossible to evaluate since they’re always underdetermined by our sense data and thus unknowable. For instance, no amount of experience can let me decide between my intuitions about reality and the possibility that I’m living in the Matrix, so theories about motives, intentions, or other qualities which I might take to be morally relevant are always underdetermined, giving us no guide to moral judgment except observable end states.
Contention 1 – Speech Codes Key to Education
Thus I contend that speech codes are necessary for colleges to be consistent with their function to educate. Speech rules are key to having valuable academic discourse – overlooking peer review, academic standards, etc in the name of free speech destroys education. Byrne ‘04 (J. Peter Byrne, "THE THREAT TO CONSTITUTIONAL ACADEMIC FREEDOM", Journal of College and University Law 2004 JL) "As a lawyer ... more libertarian values."
We need restrictions on academic speech for effective education – eg we wouldn’t want a physics professor who claimed that the world was flat or an anthropologist who argued in favor of racism.
1) Students don’t learn if they can just blabber off opinions. Posner ‘15 (Posner, Eric. "Universities Are Right—and Within Their Rights—to Crack Down On Speech And Behavior." Slate. February 12, 2015. Web. December 07, 2016. http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2015/02/universit y_speech_codes_students_are_children_who_must_be_protected.html.) "Lately, a moral ... serves pedagogical ends."
2) Students need to learn discipline and the ability to relate to society. Byrne 2 (Peter Byrne, "THE THREAT TO CONSTITUTIONAL ACADEMIC FREEDOM", Journal of College and University Law 2004 JL) "While government at ... the same epithet."
Contention 2 – productive school environment outweighs free speech
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Harvard Westlake JI | Judge: Sujay Singh A. Counterplan Text: Colleges and Universities ought to allow all constitutionally protected speech in student publications except for hate speech
B. Competition: CP competes via mutual exclusivity – I limit hate speech but the aff allows all speech in publications
C. Net Benefits: Publications are a source of hate on campus – it’s been used to promote platforms for hating, like holocaust denial. Foxman ‘10 (Abraham H. Foxman National Director Anti-Defamation League, Fighting Holocaust Denial in Campus Newspaper Advertisements A Manual for Action Revised: May 2010) "Holocaust denial is ... in this effort."
Hate speech leads to a genocidal increase in crimes against marginalized groups. Greenblatt ‘15 Jonathan Greenblatt, When Hateful Speech Leads to Hate Crimes: Taking Bigotry Out of the Immigration Debate, Huffington Post, 8/21/15, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jonathan-greenblatt/when-hateful-speech-leads_b_8022966.htmlLADI "When police arrived ... the ball rolling."
Hate speech chills campus behavior – this turns her civic engagement impact!! Tsesis ‘10 (Tsesis, Alexander. "Burning Crosses On Campus: University Hate Speech Codes." Connecticut Law Review 617. 2010. Web. December 05, 2016. http://lawecommons.luc.edu/facpubs/131/.) "Allowing students or ... or instigate violence."
Underview Delay, Severance and intrinsicness perms are voting issues, they explode aff ground by granting the 1AR access to an infinite number of policy options and kill stable advocacy by letting the aff kick out of all links to disadvantages. Ground is key to fairness because equal access to offense determines access to the ballot. Stable advocacy is key to fairness because I can’t engage their arguments if they keeps changing them. Cross apply the voter from the T
2/5/17
JanFeb - Holocaust Denial PIC
Tournament: CPS | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Samee Ziaee Counterplan Text: except for explicit advocacy by faculty members that denies the existence of the Holocaust
Holocaust denial still persists – with survivors growing elderly, anti-semitism is on the rise – academics have a unique responsibility to protect the truth at all costs. Yonover 96 Yonover, Geri J. "Anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial in the academy: A tort remedy." Dick. L. Rev. 101 (1996): 71. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/dlr101anddiv=11andid=andpage=BWSWJ "Yet, the Anti-Defamation ... Jews are overwhelming."13"
Academic denial is uniquely harmful – wrapping the message with the cloak of scholarly work and “academic freedom” makes their message uniquely dangerous. People no longer have to look to the KKK to justify hatred, they can just look to their teacher Yonover 96 Yonover, Geri J. "Anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial in the academy: A tort remedy." Dick. L. Rev. 101 (1996): 71. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/dlr101anddiv=11andid=andpage=BWSWJ "No more than ... the First Amendment.34"
Holocaust denial is group defamation and causes direct harm to those affected by the Holocaust. Depictions of Jews as evil permitted the Holocaust to happen Yonover 96 Yonover, Geri J. "Anti-Semitism and Holocaust denial in the academy: A tort remedy." Dick. L. Rev. 101 (1996): 71. http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/dlr101anddiv=11andid=andpage=BWSWJ "If Elie Wiesel ... Supreme Court holdings."
12/18/16
JanFeb - Neoliberalism K
Tournament: CPS | Round: 1 | Opponent: Carmel Valley Independent KL | Judge: Shania Hunt The Constitution serves a social role by shaping the way we conceive of proper life through written law. Their legal approach limits the political imaginary, putting precedence over the struggle of the commons. Ollman 04: Bertell Ollman (professor of politics at NYU; received his D.Phil. at Oxford University in 1967; has taught at the University of the West Indies and been a Visiting Professor at Oxford and Columbia Universities; Since 1970, he has given about 250 lectures on different aspects of Marxist theory in a dozen countries), “Toward a Marxist Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.” 2004. https://www.nyu.edu/projects/ollman/docs/us_constitution.php SF "What still needs ... never be understood."
The Constitution’s writing was undemocratic and made for economic elites – its emphasis on self-ownership as the basis of rights inscribes neoliberalism. Beard 13: Charles Beard (Associate professor of politics at Columbia University), “An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States”. 1913. http://thenewschoolhistory.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Beard_An_Economic_Interpretation_of_the_Consti.pdf SF "The movement for ... in their scope."
We have reached a tipping point – neoliberalism is no longer able to control its spiral into disaster. Massive structural violence and extinction are inevitable without a fundamental rethinking of the current system. Farbod 15 Faramarz Farbod (PhD Candidate @ Rutgers, Prof @ Moravian College), Monthly Review, http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2015/farbod020615.html, 6-2) LADI recut SF "Global capitalism is ... of no return."
The alternative is the use of the commons as the social source of value. The class infused rules of the Constitution enclose moral rule, opposition to neoliberalism requires global politics that reject citizen lines. Carroll 10: William Carroll (Founding director of the Social Justice Studies Program at the University of Victoria). “Crisis, movements, counter-hegemony: in search of the new.” Published November 2010. Accessed 12/25/14. http://interfacejournal.nuim.ie/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Interface-2-2-pp.168-198-Carroll.pdf SF "MST exemplifies a ... to decommodify labour."
Neoliberalism’s logic is reified in educational spaces; we must reclaim education so students can imagine radical solutions. Thus, the role of the ballot, as an academic pedestal, is to vote for whoever best interrogates neoliberalism. Giroux 15: Henry A. Giroux (American and Canadian scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy in the United States, he is best known for his pioneering work in public pedagogy), “Beyond Dystopian Visions in the Age of Neoliberal Authoritarianism”, Truthout, 11/4/2015. http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/33511-beyond-dystopian-visions-in-the-age-of-neoliberal-authoritarianism SF "If neoliberal authoritarianism ... locally and globally."
12/18/16
JanFeb - Race K
Tournament: Harvard Westlake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kinkaid JY | Judge: Kathy Bond Their faith in deliberation - that we should ‘convince the racist’ - is grounded in color-blind paternalism. It places faith in white virtue and imposes a burden that results in antiblack violence. Look to his second contention!! Delgado and Yun ‘94: (Richard Delgado and David H. Yun, Pressure Valves and Bloodied Chickens: An Analysis of Paternalistic Objections to Hate Speech Regulation, 82 Cal. L. Rev. 871 (1994)FT) "Regulation, 82 Cal. L. Rev. 871 (1994) ... for educating others?"
Alt The alternative is to destroy and demystify the concept of the white man and white virtue— we are an anti-ethical approach that calls out the free speech excuse for what it is: an excuse for racism. Requires rejecting the aff Dr. Tommy J. Curry ‘13, Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Texas AandM, "In the Fiat of Dreams: The Delusional Allure of Hope, the Reality of Anti-Black Violence and the Demands of the Anti-Ethical", 2013 RG "Anti-ethics; the call ... nigger-souls, is totalizing."
ROB The role of the ballot is to vote for the debate who best methodologically challenges structural violence. Smith ‘13: (Elijah Smith. “A Conversation in Ruins: Race and Black Participation in Lincoln Douglas Debate.” Vbriefly. September 6, 2013FT) "At every tournament ... students cannot escape."
Underview: Delay, Severance and intrinsicness perms are voting issues, they explode aff ground by granting the 1AR access to an infinite number of policy options and kill stable advocacy by letting the aff kick out of all links to disadvantages. Ground is key to fairness because equal access to offense determines access to the ballot. Stable advocacy is key to fairness because I can’t engage their arguments if they keeps changing them. Fairness is a voter- it’s constitutive of any competitive activity and drop the debater- the only way to compensate from the time skew of devastating short arguments is a loss.
1/15/17
JanFeb - Race K v2
Tournament: Berkeley | Round: 1 | Opponent: Harvard-Westlake ALa | Judge: Miriam Leany Links and Impacts 1) The 1ACs intellectualization of free speech to problematize the activism of students ignores the real struggles people of color and other minorities face every day. By immediately criticizing marginalized people for their tactics, you give an easy out to discard discussion of the issues they face. Cornett ‘15 SARAH CORNETT (The editor of the Whitman College student-run weekly newspaper, The Pioneer); Friday, December 04, 2015; “Racism on Campus - Not Free Speech - Is the Real Story: Mainstream Media Are Missing the Mark”; http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/33904-racism-on-campus-not-free-speech-is-the-real-story-mainstream-media-are-missing-the-markBWSWJ "As the clip ... to stop there.""
2) Claims of “free speech” are just a right wing power grab – speech has never been free but that doesn’t stop dominant power structures from using it to protect repugnant viewpoints while censoring others at the same time Jacobs ‘15 Ron Jacobs; NOVEMBER 16, 2015; “Shove Your Free Speech in Their Face”; http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/11/16/shove-your-free-speech-in-their-face/BWSWJ "Recently, the US ... make it heard."
3) Their faith in deliberation - that we should ‘convince the racist’ - is grounded in color-blind paternalism. It places faith in white virtue and imposes a burden that results in antiblack violence. Delgado and Yun ‘94: (Richard Delgado and David H. Yun, Pressure Valves and Bloodied Chickens: An Analysis of Paternalistic Objections to Hate Speech Regulation, 82 Cal. L. Rev. 871 (1994)FT) "Regulation, 82 Cal. L. ... for educating others?"
Turns case – analytic
Alt The alternative is to reject the constitution as an excuse for racism. The alt ruptures the myth of white virtue: they are not simply ignorant or looking to play ‘devil’s advocate.’ The alternative creates the platform necessary to define freedom and equality substantively not formally. Matsuda ‘93 Mari Matsuda (Law Professor at the William S. Richardson School of Law at the University of Hawaii). “Words that Wound: Critical Race The- ory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment.” Westview Press. 1993. HW. https://books.google.com/books/about/Words_that_Wound.html?id=Mllj8BuAlJYC "One of the ... in the fields."
ROB The role of the ballot is to vote for the debate who best methodologically challenges structural violence. Smith ‘13: (Elijah Smith. “A Conversation in Ruins: Race and Black Participation in Lincoln Douglas Debate.” Vbriefly. September 6, 2013FT) "At every tournament ... students cannot escape."
Discourse in round matters —the judge is an educator Vincent 13 – (Christopher Debate Coach, former college NDT debater “Re-Conceptualizing Our Performances: Accountability In Lincoln Douglas Debate”
"Charles Mills argues ... community could have."
Underview Delay, Severance and intrinsicness perms are voting issues... analytic
2/18/17
JanFeb - Revenge Porn PIC
Tournament: CPS | Round: 4 | Opponent: Harker SS | Judge: Samee Ziaee Counterplan Text: “Public colleges and universities in the United States ought to expand the view of sexual violence violations to include revenge pornography as harassment and restrict it accordingly.” Rennison and Addington ‘14 is the solvency advocate Callie Rennison (associate professor in the School of Public Affairs at the University of Colorado Denver) and Lynn Addington (associate professor in the Department of Justice, Law and Criminology, School of Public Affairs at American University in Washington, DC), “Violence Against College Women: A Review to Identify Limitations in Defining the Problem and Inform Future Research” Trauma, Violence, and Abuse. July 2014. Vol. 15, no. 3. Pgs. 159-169. http://tva.sagepub.com/content/15/3/159.full#sec-11 SF "The current violence ... significant emotional harm)."
The counterplan competes through mutual exclusivity; the aff defends all constitutionally protected speech and revenge pornography is federally protected under the first amendment. ACLU v. Arizona gives the best precedent. Harrison ‘15 Anne Harrison (Student Writer for the Journal of Gender, Race and Justice), “Revenge Porn: Protected by the Constitution?” The Journal of Gender, Race and Justice. Vol 18. February 2015. https://jgrj.law.uiowa.edu/article/revenge-porn-protected-constitution SF "Because the anti-revenge-porn ... and historical images.”"
Revenge porn is the Internet evolution of stalking and begets real stalking. It is constitutively psychological harassment. Robertson ‘15 Hope Robertson (3L student at Campbell Law School), “The Criminalization of Revenge Porn” Campbell Law Observer. July 21, 2015. http://campbelllawobserver.com/the-criminalization-of-revenge-porn/ SF "With the advancement ... on the websites."
Revenge Pornography is inherently sexist – there is no debate. Filipovic ’13 Jill Filipovic (Journalist) “’Revenge Porn’ Is About Degrading Women Sexually and Professionally.” The Guardian, 2013. Accessed 11/10/14. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/28/revenge-porn-degrades-women SF "Society sees it ... and harming them."
Don’t let them say free speech good; discursive objectification of women on college campuses takes away their speech. Turns case. Pinar ‘12: William F. Pinar (American educator, curriculum theorist and international studies scholar; has taught at LSU, Colgate, Columbia, and Ohio State), “The Gender of Violence on Campus” Published in Gendered Futures in Higher Education: Critical Perspectives for Change. Edited by Becky Ropers-Huilman. Feb 1, 2012. SUNY Press SF "The culture of ... more stupid questions.”"
1) Field Context Fourth Circuit Judge Francis Dominic Murnaghan in US v Atkins United States v. Atkins, 872 F.2d 94, 96 (4th Cir.1989), “OPINION: *95 Murnaghan”, Circuit Judge, http://mtweb.mtsu.edu/cewillis/Hermeneutics/US20v20Atkins.pdfBWSWJ "Thus, considering the ... should be affirmed."
Basler ‘02 Tracey A. Basler, 2002, NEW ENGLAND LAW REVIEW: Vol. 37:1, p 147-182, “Does “Any” Mean “All” or Does “Any” Mean “Some”? An Analysis of the “Any Court” Ambiguity of the Armed Career Criminal Act and Whether Foreign Convictions Count as Predicate Convictions” BWSWJ "Analysis of the ... not just some."
2) Ground Eckert ‘16 Bennett Eckert “Topic Analysis by Bennett Eckert.” Champion Briefs: Jan/Feb 2017. 2016. "This is potentially ... the whole resolution."
Voters
2/5/17
NovDec - Biopower K
Tournament: Damus | Round: 1 | Opponent: Loyola RBe | Judge: Panny Shan The law is a tactic used by governments to construct relations and behavior. It is a tool by which the government exerts and abuses its power.
Berman ’01 Berman, Paul Schiff (2001) "Telling a Less Suspicious Story: Notes Toward a Non-Skeptical Approach to Legal/Cultural Analysis," Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities: Vol. 13: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yjlh/vol13/iss1/4 "Over the past ... discourse and practice."
Murphy and Radsan ‘09 (Richard, ATandT Professor of Law – Texas Tech University School of Law, and Afsheen John, Professor – William Mitchell College of Law; Assistant General Counsel – Central Intelligence Agency, “Due Process and Targeted Killing of Terrorists,” Cardozo Law Review, November, 32 Cardozo L. Rev. 405, Lexis) "In addition, the ... is most necessary."
Biopower perpetuates racism and genocide. The greatest historical atrocities were a product of biopolitics. Khaled ’13 Institutional Racism and Biopower Posted on April 8, 2013 by Philip Khaled Brennan in Biopolitics "This is not, ... human life it"
The alternative is to resist biopower and reject the aff.
Questioning biopolitics is necessary to formulate a resistance culture capable of toppling the current biopolitical system. Lilja ’14 Mona Lilja and Stellan Vinthagen (2014) Sovereign power, disciplinary power and biopower: resisting what power with what resistance?, Journal of Political Power, 7:1, 107-126, DOI: 10.1080/2158379X.2014.889403 "As stated above, ... (or international) movement"
The roll of the ballot is to minimize government intervention and reduce bio-political power. Three reasons:
Biopower is bad because exploits the body so that the entity can gain power. By seeping into all aspects of life bio-power slowing grants the entity in charge total control over all aspects of life. Perron and Fluet 2 Ame ́lie Perron (BScN RN; PhD Student, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada), Carol Fluet (BScN RN Masters Student, Faculte des Sciences Infirmie`res Universite ́ de Montre ́al, Montre ́al, Quebec, Canada), and Dave Holmes (PhD RN Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada); “Nursing Theory And Concept Development Or Analysis: Agents Of Care And Agents Of The State: Bio-Power And Nursing Practice;” School of Nursing, University of Ottawa; Journal of Advanced Nursing; pg. 536-544; Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; July 22, 2004; https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amelie_Perron2/publication/7859507_Agents_of_care_and_agents_of_the_state_Bio-power_and_nursing_practice/links/00b4953c4363a5e9d5000000.pdf "Bio-power or power ... to nursing practice."
And the discussion of bio-political power in and of itself helps to fight against it since it fights back against the entity with the power. A truly bio-political system would seep its way into ones mind and suppress their speech meaning that calling out an entity’s bio-politics fights against it.
11/6/16
NovDec - Child Abuse CP
Tournament: Damus | Round: 6 | Opponent: PV Peninsula IG | Judge: Adam Bistagne The United States ought to limit qualified immunity for all police officers except child abuse investigators.
The counterplan is competitive because you can’t limit qualified immunity for ALL police officers and give an exception to child abuse investigators
Qualified Immunity is the only way to ensure investigators can do their job effectively and protect children Sailer Christina B Sailer, "Qualified Immunity for Child Abuse Investigators: Balancing the Concerns of Protecting our Children from Abuse and the Integrity of the Family Note 29 Journal of Family Law 1990-1991," No Publication, http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/branlaj29anddiv=46andid=andpage= "Qualified immunity does ... in its lawfulness.""
Investigators need Qualified Immunity to be able to make the best decisions in high stress situations Sailer Christina B Sailer, "Qualified Immunity for Child Abuse Investigators: Balancing the Concerns of Protecting our Children from Abuse and the Integrity of the Family Note 29 Journal of Family Law 1990-1991," No Publication, http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/branlaj29anddiv=46andid=andpage= "The extensive coverage ... or her actions."
Qualified Immunity ensures that investigators and the families are considered in the process of investigation and child protection Sailer Christina B Sailer, "Qualified Immunity for Child Abuse Investigators: Balancing the Concerns of Protecting our Children from Abuse and the Integrity of the Family Note 29 Journal of Family Law 1990-1991," No Publication, http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/branlaj29anddiv=46andid=andpage= "The important factor ... consideration and protection."
"The Crime Decline ... most prodigious incarcerator."
Threat of litigation is high and harms police morale. Rosen ‘05 Michael M. Rosen (Attorney in San Diego at Fish and Richardson PC, an intellectual property law firm; JD, Harvard Law). “A Qualified Defense: In Support of the Doctrine of Qualified Immunity in Excessive Force Cases, With Some Suggestions for its Improvement.” 35 Golden Gate U. L. Rev. (2005). http://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/ggulrev/vol35/iss2/2
"This effect dovetails ... of dangerous suspects."
Crime inherently causes poverty- multiple levels to solve for. Lippman, ‘91. (Theo, author of Spiro Agnew’s America and Editor at the Baltimore Sun. March 30, 1991.) DOA: 7/6/15. BALTIMORE SUN. “Poverty Doesn’t cause crime. Crime Causes Poverty.” Retrieved from: http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-03-30/news/1991089022_1_cost-of-crime-poverty-fight-crime JW "POVERTY DOESN'T cause ... or replacing property.""
Poverty is the deadliest form of structural violence – it is equivalent to an ongoing nuclear war. Gilligan, 96’ James, Former Director of Mental Health for the Massachusetts Prison System, Violence, p. JW "In other words, ... throughout the world."
11/6/16
NovDec - Elections DA
Tournament: Damus | Round: 6 | Opponent: PV Peninsula IG | Judge: Adam Bistagne Clinton is winning 50 of the popular vote --- turns congress blue and prevents claims that the election is rigged Parnes and Fabian, 10/19/16 Amie and Jordan, “Can Hillary win 50 percent of the popular vote?” http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/301696-can-hillary-win-50-percent-of-the-popular-vote, article downloaded 10/19/16 "Hillary Clinton is ... him do more."
Trump takes advantage of controversy on the police, plan is viewed as an attack on them and flock to trumps campaign of law and order Shephard 7/8 Alex, July 8 2016, “Donald Trump is trying to have it both ways on police brutality.”, https://newrepublic.com/minutes/134969/donald-trump-trying-ways-police-brutalityBWSWJ "Donald Trump is ... is any different."
Put away your uniqueness take outs – yes she’ll win but that’s not enough, a landslide is crucial for positive change Krugman, 10/14/16 Nobel prize winner and Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (Paul, The New York Times, “The Clinton Agenda,” Factiva, JMP) "It ain't over ... she can be."
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Newark Science BA | Judge: Rebecca Kuang Supreme Court has retreated from protecting minority rights now: PETER D. EHRENHAFT, 2012 Senior Counsel, Harkins Cunningham, LLP, Wake Forest Journal of Law and Policy, Spring 2012, “WHAT WOULD WARREN SAY NOW--CAN BROWN AND BAKER BE RECONCILED?” 2 Wake Forest J. L. and Pol'y 321, Lexis/Nexis, rwg) bracketed for clarity "More than a ... was all about. n13"
Litigation deflects attention for other strategies of social change that are more effective at solving the case—this turns their case and then some: Van Schaack, 2004 Assistant Prof. of Law @ Santa Clara University School of Law, Vanderbilt Law Review, November, 2004, (Beth, 57 Vand. L. Rev. 2305; Lexis, rwg) "Although litigation can ... the targeted country."
Court decisions are flypaper Human rights litigation has a flypaper effect—it attracts litigants to the courts and undermines social change: Van Schaack, 2004 Assistant Prof. of Law @ Santa Clara University School of Law, Vanderbilt Law Review, November, 2004, (Beth, 57 Vand. L. Rev. 2305; Lexis, rwg) "Indeed, practitioners of ... and economic problems. n9"
Litigation on human rights issues threatens to derail processes of social change: Van Schaack, 2004 Assistant Prof. of Law @ Santa Clara University School of Law, Vanderbilt Law Review, November, 2004, (Beth, 57 Vand. L. Rev. 2305; Lexis, rwg) "A focus on ... for social change."
Courts cause backlash against social movements: turning the case: Idit Kostiner, 2003, Jurisprudence and Social Policy Program, University of California, 2003 “Evaluating Legality: Toward a Cultural Approach to the Study of Law and Social Change”, June, http://www.blackwell synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/1540-5893.3702006, rwg "Following Scheingold's argument ... for social reform."
2) Individual court decisions cause civil rights demonstrations to decrease James T. Patterson, 2001 Ford Foundation Professor of History, Brown University, 2001 “The Troubled Legacy of Brown v. Board,” http://wwics.si.edu/topics/pubs/ACF236.pdf "Rosenberg and others ... after the decision."
Courts demobilize social protest: James T. Patterson 2, 2001 Ford Foundation Professor of History, Brown University, 2001 “The Troubled Legacy of Brown v. Board,” http://wwics.si.edu/topics/pubs/ACF236.pdf "It is the .. forth concrete gains."
11/20/16
NovDec - Legal Realism K
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 1 | Opponent: Newark Science BA | Judge: Rebecca Kuang Any possibility of progress through the rule of law invests in a myth. The law is not neutral but inherently political; acceptance of the rule of law makes you complicit in the state’s oppression. Hasnas 95 John Hasnas (associate professor, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University). “The Myth of the Rule of Law.” Wisconsin Law Review. 1995. http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/MythWeb.htm
"In his novel ... rule of law."
The state wants you to believe in the “rule of law” so that it can ensure its authority is unquestioned—this props up an oppressive power structure where state violence is conducted in the name of “impartial application of the law” Hasnas 95 John Hasnas (associate professor, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University). “The Myth of the Rule of Law.” Wisconsin Law Review. 1995. http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/MythWeb.htm
"IX. It is worth ... to the state."
Ignoring the rule of law’s violent underside fuels Eurcentric imperialism and the violence that comes with it. This turns aff. Dossa 99 Shiraz, Department of Political Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, “Liberal Legalism: Law, Culture and Identity,” The European Legacy, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 73-87,1
"Law's imperial reach, ... the native Other."
Legal reform is a palliative measure that sutures superficial instances of white supremacy while amplifying their underlying causes. Her own author agrees! Spade 13 Dean, Associate Professor of Law at Seattle University School of Law. “Intersectional Resistance and Law Reform” (Summer 2013), Signs vol. 38 no. 4, University of Chicago Press
"Critical race theory ... Fair Economy 2006)."
The alternate is embracing law’s indeterminacy. The rule of law only has coercive power when people think it objectively protects them. Objective law is a paradox with subjective application. Hasnas 95 John Hasnas (associate professor, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University). “The Myth of the Rule of Law.” Wisconsin Law Review. 1995. http://faculty.msb.edu/hasnasj/GTWebSite/MythWeb.htm
"Let us assume ... the particular case."
The role of the ballot is to endorse the discourse that most authentically represents underlying power –micropolitics are key to real, macro change while fiat removes the self from our discussion. Which means my ROB is a logical prereq to hers! Nayar 99 bracketed for ableist language. Jayan Nayar (School of Law, University of Warwick), Transnat'l L. and Contemp. Probs. 599, Fall, 1999 SF "The "world," as ... "technologies" of ordering."
11/20/16
NovDec - Limit T
Tournament: Damus | Round: 3 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Jeremy Rosen A. Interpretation:
According to dictionary.com to limit means to restrict by or as if by establishing limits (usually followed by to): http://www.dictionary.com/browse/limit
That refers only to a total prohibition, not any action that has the consequence of decreasing the applicability of qualified immunity Caiaccio 94 (Kevin T., “Are Noncompetition Covenants Among Law Partners Against Public Policy?”, Georgia Law Review, Spring, 28 Ga. L. Rev. 807, Lexis) "The Howard court ... equal a prohibition. 143"
Tournament: Glenbrooks | Round: 3 | Opponent: Munster MY | Judge: Carlos Taylor *bracketed for inclusive language*
The new generation LGBTQ+ movement is working with community-based solutions, moving away from the flare of courts. Lazare October 13th Sarah Lazare is a staff writer for AlterNet, A former staff writer for Common Dreams. “Meet 5 Movement Leaders Across the U.S. Fighting for LGTBQ Issues on the Ground.” Alternet. October 13, 2016. http://www.alternet.org/lgbtq/meet-5-movement-leaders-across-us-fighting-lgtbq-issues-ground ""We've gotten dragged ... as a community.”"
Court civil rights victories act as fly paper drawing other social movements into the court to focus on litigation strategies Rosenberg ‘08 Gerald N., University of Chicago political science and law professor, Ph.D. from Yale University, member of the Washington, D.C. bar, The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring about Social Change?, p. 427 "If this is ... illusion of change."
This is specifically true for LGBTQ+ movements. Schacter ’06 Jane S. Schacter* James E. and Ruth B. Doyle-Bascom Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin Law School; Edwin A. Heafey, Jr. Visiting Professor of Law, Stanford Law School, 2005-2006; A.B., University of Pennsylvania, 1980; J.D., Harvard University, 1984. Drake Law Review Summer "There is an ... own caricatured qualities."
Courts wreck movements: Judicial review produces divide and conquer Becker ‘93 Mary, Prof of Law @ University of Chicago Law School; 64 U. Colo. L. Rev. 975 ln "Binding judicial review ... and conquer" strategy."
Perceived victories cause mass movement deflation Rosenberg 2 Gerald N., University of Chicago political science and law professor, Ph.D. from Yale University, member of the Washington, D.C. bar, The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change?, p. 422-423 "In contrast to ... relax their efforts."
LGBTQ+ Rights are crucial to avoid mass structural violence.
Tatchell ’89 Peter Tatchell - is a British human rights campaignerbest known for his work with LGBT social movements, was selected as Labour Party Parliamentary candidate for Bermondsey. “Gay Liberation is Central to Human Emancipation.” Peter Tatchell.net. However, note at the bottom: “An edited version of this article was published in "Labour Briefing", 1989. See also "Beyond lesbian and gay rights", Interlink. May /June 1989.” http://www.petertatchell.net/masculinity/gay_liberation.htm "Lesbian and gay ... oppression and subjugation"
11/20/16
SeptOct Consult CP
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Chaminade CP JB | Judge: Adam Torson A. Counterplan Text: Countries ought to enter prior, binding, and meaningful consultation with Indigenous groups about policy on nuclear energy production and implement any policies arising from that discussion. B. Competition: The CP is both functionally and textually competitive, it does not necessarily entail a ban on the production of energy. C. Net Benefits: 1) The Counterplan ensures individualized solutions based on the what groups want, rather than speaking for them. This ensures the best policies are implemented for Natives and solves the aff. ( EDWARD K. THOMAS, 1995 (PRESIDENT CENTRAL COUNCIL OF THE TLINGIT AND HAIDA INDIAN TRIBES OF ALASKA, May 18, 1995,http://www.archive.org/stream/biataskforcehear00unit/biataskforcehear00unit_djvu.txt) BIA task force : hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on to focus on the report and recommendations of the Joint Tribal BIA/DOI Reorganization Task Force, May 18, 1995, Washington, DC United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- )) "The govemment-to- ... bad for them." 2) Consultation empirically includes groups as full members of the process – The aff just perpetuates exclusion of indigenous people from the decision-making process. ( WENDELL CHINO, 1995 (MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE, HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE, May 18, 1995,http://www.archive.org/stream/biataskforcehear00unit/biataskforcehear00unit_djvu.txt) BIA task force : hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on to focus on the report and recommendations of the Joint Tribal BIA/DOI Reorganization Task Force, May 18, 1995, Washington, DC United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- )) "The Joint Tribal ... the recommendations presented."
9/18/16
SeptOct Give Back the Land K
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 5 | Opponent: Chaminade CP JB | Judge: Adam Torson The affirmative is an attempt by the state to appease indigenous people while willfully ignoring that the state’s existence is contingent on colonialist domination. The kritik is not a question of mutual exclusivity, but one of priorities. Failing to address colonialist expansion on indigenous lands as a FIRST PRIORITY ensures further imperialist domination kills solvency and turns case. (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 520 – 530) "I’ll debunk some ... order on non-Indians." Positing the law as a savior of indigenous Americans willfully ignores the brutal colonialist relationship between it and Native Americans. Calling on the law to help them while ignoring the legacy of colonialism paints Native Americans as helpless and in need of white salvation. (J.D. Harvard Law School, Professor University of Arizona's James E. Rogers College of the Law, serving as the E. Thomas Sullivan Professor of Law and American Indian Studies and Director of the Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy Program. (Robert A. Jr.* “‘THE PEOPLE OF THE STATES WHERE THEY ARE FOUND ARE OFTEN THEIR DEADLIEST ENEMIES’: THE INDIAN SIDE OF THE STORY OF INDIAN RIGHTS AND FEDERALISM” Citation: 38 Ariz. L. Rev. 981 1996, accessed via Hein Online) "The question which ... on attaining it?" Environmental destruction of Native lands is inevitable without control of title to land.Jacques 3 – et al – Ph.D. University of Central Florida—AND—SHARON RIDGEWAY—Ph.D. Grinnell College and the University of Iowa—AND—RICHARD WITMER—Ph.D. Grinnell College. (Peter Federal Indian Law and Environmental Policy: A Social Continuity of Violence, 18 J. Envtl. L. and Litig. 223) "Currently, federal Indian ... end to institutionalized."
9/18/16
SeptOct - Belgium Taxes DA
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough SD | Judge: Shania Hunt Rapid shutdown of nuclear plants requires huge resources – trades off with funding for waste management. IEA 16 "According to the ... 1 and 2 at Doel."
Nuclear power key to revenue generation – taxes. IEA 16 "In 2008, the ... investments, also financially."
Turns case – increases likelihood of dirty bomb. Rubin and Schreuer 16 "Asked on Thursday ... of Belgium’s power."
Revenues are used to fund renewables – no wind or solar without government subsidies. WNA 16 "In May 2010, ... of renewables input."
10/28/16
SeptOct - Coal DA Oppression
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley HS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig Banning nuclear power causes a switch to fossil fuels, specifically coal. Weart 12 Spencer R. Weart After receiving a doctorate in physics and astrophysics, Spencer Weart worked on solar physics before he turned to the study of the history of science. From 1974 until his retirement in 2009, he was director of the Center for History of Physics at the American Institute of Physics. He has published numerous papers and books, including The Discovery of Global Warming and The Rise of Nuclear Fear, which was published last year. “Shunning Nuclear Power Will Lead to a Warmer World” 26 MAR 2012. http://e360.yale.edu/feature/shunning_new_nuclear_power_plants_will_lead_to_warmer_world/2510/ "These blows to ... burning terrify me."
That’s by far the most likely scenario:
A) Empirically proven – Germany’s phase-out caused an increase in coal. Kharecha and Hansen 13 Dr. Pushker A. Kharecha and Dr. James E. Hansen Professors and associate director/Director at Earth Institute, Columbia University “Response to Comment on “Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power”” Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (12), pp 6718–6719 RY "These issues are ... fired power plants."
B) Electric energy isn’t interchangeable – fossil fuels are the only option after phase-out. Kharecha and Hansen 13 Dr. Pushker A. Kharecha and Dr. James E. Hansen Professors and associate director/Director at Earth Institute, Columbia University “Response to Comment on “Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power”” Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (12), pp 6718–6719 RY "Sovacool et al.1 begin ... base load power."
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Kris Kaya Claims that all countries must remove nuclear energy paints the other as an irrational actor. The aff is a colonial imposition by the western world on other countries Biswas 14 Biswas, Shampa. Prof of PoliSci @ Whitman, Nuclear Desire: Power and the Postcolonial Nuclear Order. Minneapolis, US: Univ Of Minnesota Press, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web. 8 August 2016. Premier "How does this ... from those pursuits?"
Fossil Fuels are an imperialist strategy—nuclear power plants provide countries with energy sovereignty. IIASAA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; pp. 325-384 Premier "Launching or expanding ... country’s electricity sector."
The alternative is to reject the affirmative’s imperialist and colonialist construction of nuclear power - imperialism makes lives disposable and justifies war as a perpetual means of control for the state. Kelly Kelly 2010. (M.G.E. Lecturer in Philosophy at Middlesex University and author of The Political Philosophy of Michel Foucault (Routledge, 2008). “International Biopolitics: Foucault, Globalisation and Imperialism” http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/3887/1/Theoria_-_final.pdf "Our account is ... of the outside."
The role of the ballot is rejecting imperialism Sachs 03 Aaron Sachs, “The Ultimate "Other": Post-Colonialism and Alexander Von Humboldt's Ecological Relationship with Nature”, History and Theory, December 2003, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3590683 "There is no... process of colonization."
9/11/16
SeptOct - Consult CP v 2
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 6 | Opponent: West Des Moines Valley HS | Judge: Chetan Hertzig A. Counterplan Text: Countries ought to enter prior, binding, and meaningful discussion with Indigenous groups about policy on nuclear energy production and implement any policies arising from that discussion. If the result is that the natives want to still have nuclear power plants, then the aff actor ought to retrofit existing nuclear reactors in the United States to use thorium based nuclear power technology and bury any nuclear waste under the ocean seabed.
B. Competition: The CP is both functionally and textually competitive, it does not necessarily entail a ban on the production of energy.
C. Net Benefits:
The Counterplan ensures individualized solutions based on the what groups want, rather than speaking for them. This ensures the best policies are implemented for Natives and solves the aff Thomas EDWARD K. THOMAS, 1995 (PRESIDENT CENTRAL COUNCIL OF THE TLINGIT AND HAIDA INDIAN TRIBES OF ALASKA, May 18, 1995, http://www.archive.org/stream/biataskforcehear00unit/biataskforcehear00unit_djvu.txt) BIA task force : hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on to focus on the report and recommendations of the Joint Tribal BIA/DOI Reorganization Task Force, May 18, 1995, Washington, DC United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ) "The govemment-to-...bad for them."
Consultation empirically includes groups as full members of the process – The aff just perpetuates exclusion of indigenous people from the decision-making process. Chino WENDELL CHINO, 1995 (MESCALERO APACHE TRIBE, HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS UNITED STATES SENATE, May 18, 1995, http://www.archive.org/stream/biataskforcehear00unit/biataskforcehear00unit_djvu.txt) BIA task force : hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, on to focus on the report and recommendations of the Joint Tribal BIA/DOI Reorganization Task Force, May 18, 1995, Washington, DC United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ) "The Joint Tribal...the recommendations presented."
Switching to thorium reactors prevents the need for more uranium mining. Clark Clark, 09 Thorium nuclear power Switching from uranium to thorium as our primarily nuclear fuel could lead to cheaper, safer and more sustainable nuclear power, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/13/manchester-report-nuclear "The uranium that ... consumes each year."
And, it causes an immediate cessation of mining. Barton Charles, retired counselor, writes for Energy From Thorium, “The Liquid Fluoride Thorium Paradigm,” http://www.theoildrum.com/node/4971/ "LFTR(s) are 100-...the greenhouse effect."
And, eliminating nuclear power doesn’t solve – only thorium eliminates current uranium and toxic waste stockpiles. Rhodes February, Professor Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), “Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy”, http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html "There is much... civilization is poised."
This system would pose a solution to nuclear waste disposal without harming minority or poor communities. Hollister ‘16 bracketed: Charles D. Hollister and Steven Nadis, “Burial of Radioactive Waste under the Seabed,” Scientific American, acc. Aug. 9, 2016, 1997 https://www.uvm.edu/~pbierman/classes/gradsem/2008/radwaste.pdf "Although some ambitious ... idea of sub-"
Using subsea burial will solve the problem of disposing with nuclear waste. Hollister 2 Charles D. Hollister and Steven Nadis, “Burial of Radioactive Waste under the Seabed,” Scientific American, acc. Aug. 9, 2016, 1997 https://www.uvm.edu/~pbierman/classes/gradsem/2008/radwaste.pdf "What is more,... disposal in 1973."
And the CP solves for environmental injustice since there are no people or animals under the ocean floor.
Underview – Delay, Severance and intrinsicness perms
2/5/17
SeptOct - EU CP
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough SD | Judge: Shania Hunt The member states of the EU should 1. re-write the proposed ‘radioactive waste directive’ to bury waste in shallow sites, 2. stop reprocessing spent nuclear fuel, 3. improve the economics of nuclear by setting a floor price for the ETS, 4. regulate fossil fuels, and 5. stop subsidizing research into nuclear fusion and put funds towards thorium reactors.
Tindale is the solvency advocate. Stephen Tindale, Director of The Alvin Weinberg Foundation, co-founder of the organisation Climate Answers and Associate Fellow at the Centre for European Reform, “Europe Needs Nuclear Power,” from the book “Green, Safe, Cheap: Where Next for EU Energy Policy?” September 2011 "The EU will ... promote nuclear power."
10/28/16
SeptOct - EU Parternship CP
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lynbrook HH | Judge: Sierra Inglet A. CP Text: Ukraine will stop the import of all Russian state owned nuclear power and will stop accepting funding of all materials or funding from Russian nuclear power plants, but will retain the right to produce nuclear power form other exporters. Blomme ‘15 Brian Blomme (Climate and energy communications manager for Greenpeace International), Count on the nuclear industry to have strange things happen, 7/7/15, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/nuclear-reaction/Rosatom-Finnish-nuclear-project/blog/53456/ "There's more. Mikhail ... clean-energy future."
B. Competition: CP is mutually exclusive. Ukraine doesn’t ban and net benefits.
Tournament: Voices | Round: 2 | Opponent: La Canada AZ | Judge: Scott Phillips A. Counterplan text: aff actor ought to 1) prohibit the production of nuclear power by ending all production and shutting down all existing plants. 2) Use current subsidies and funding for nuclear to develop renewable energy 3) Implement a carbon tax starting at $25 per metric ton
And the greenpeace plan also includes a carbon tax – we need to hold fossil fuels accountable. McKibben MCKIBBEN, KLEIN, GREENPEACE CALL FOR GLOBAL CARBON TAX NOW Blog Entry by RP Siegel in Corporate Social Responsibility Thursday, December 17, 2015 - 2:30pm, http://www.justmeans.com/blogs/mckibben-klein-greepeace-call-for-global-carbon-tax-now “(3BL Media/Justmeans) - While … product is causing."
Even in the worst scenarios, a carbon tax would be a major driver of clean tech and shrink the fossil fuel industry. Kaufman NOAH KAUFMAN, MICHAEL OBEITER, AND ELEANOR KRAUSE, "PUTTING A PRICE ON CARBON: REDUCING EMISSIONS", https://www.wri.org/sites/default/files/Putting_a_Price_o"n_Carbon_Emissions.pdf, Copyright 2016 World Resources Institute “Both cap-and-… the United States.”
B. Competition - Competes a) via mutual exclusivity – The aff phases it out whereas we end it now which are functionally different advocacies, and b) via net benefits
C. Solvency –
No econ DA to the CP – renewables are already far cheaper than alternatives – Amin Adnan Z. Amin, IRENA Director-General, "The Falling Costs of Renewable Energy: No More Excuses", 11/30/2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/adnan-z-amin/post_10557_b_8600240.html Historically, cost was … to delay action.
Coal communities are hurting now and will continue to fall apart without the tax. Neuhauser Alan Neuhauser, "The Best Thing for Coal Country: A Coal Tax?", April 11, 2016, at 1:15 p.m., http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2016-04-11/the-best-thing-for-coal-country-a-coal-tax Alan Neuhauser covers law enforcement and criminal justice for U.S. News and World Report. He also contributes to STEM and Healthcare of Tomorrow, and previously reported on energy and the environment. You can follow him on Twitter or reach him at aneuhauser@usnews.com. “The best way … help rebuild it.”
Underview – Delay, Severance and intrinsicness perms are voting issues, they explode aff ground by granting the 1AR access to an infinite number of policy options and kill stable advocacy by letting the aff kick out of all links to disadvantages. Ground is key to fairness because equal access to offense determines access to the ballot. Stable advocacy is key to fairness because I can’t engage his arguments if he keeps changing them. Fairness is a voter- it’s constitutive of any competitive activity and drop the debater- the only way to compensate from the time skew of devastating short arguments is a loss.
10/30/16
SeptOct - France Econ DA
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 1 | Opponent: Marlborough SD | Judge: Shania Hunt France has declared a state of economic emergency – threatens EU recession. Zeronian ‘16 "As investor sentiment ... 2008 financial crisis."
France is too reliant on nuclear power to ban it – Hollande’s broken promises prove. Broomby ‘14 "The Fukushima disaster ... France's electricity output."
Eurozone decline causes global economic collapse Kreitner ‘11 "Daniel Knowles of ... of the name."
Econ collapse leads to escalating instability and nuke war. Harris and Burrows ‘09 "Increased Potential for ... more dog-eat-dog world."
Independently, high energy prices create energy poverty for already poor households. Lomborg ‘14 "Britain’s environmentalists proudly ... rising fuel bills."
Energy poverty creates hostilities between wealthy and poor people that causes conflict and mass structural violence. Aigbe ‘14 "On April 15 2013, ... indirect at best."
10/28/16
SeptOct - IFR CP
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Kris Kaya A. insert actor here should regulate the production of nuclear power, requiring plants to be built under the Integral Fast Reactor model
Lynas, Mark (2014-11-22). Nuclear 2.0: Why A Green Future Needs Nuclear Power (Kindle Locations 193-197). Kindle Edition. "Chernobyl did not happen... radiation shielding needed."
Lynas, Mark (2014-11-22). Nuclear 2.0: Why A Green Future Needs Nuclear Power (Kindle Locations 193-197). Kindle Edition. "The numbers are in ... in fast reactors."
9/11/16
SeptOct - Japan Coal DA
Tournament: Meadows | Round: Octas | Opponent: PV Peninsula JL | Judge: Bistagne, Scoggin, Steele Japan is slowly turning back to nuclear power – 4 reactors are restarted, 22 more are filed for restart. NEI August 2016 Nuclear Energy Institute, August 11, 2016 “Ikata 3 to Resume Operation Aug. 15” http://www.nei.org/News-Media/News/Japan-Nuclear-Update SHSAM "Shikoku Electric Power ... have been filed."
A prohibition of nuclear power in Japan means more coal power plants and carbon emissions – new nuclear plants are key to stopping climate disruption and propel the growth of clean energy. Shipley ‘16 David (The senior editor responsible for Bloomberg View’s editorials) March 10th “Japan's Careful Return to Nuclear Power” Bloomberg https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-03-10/japan-s-careful-return-to-nuclear-power SHSAM Bracketed for efficiency "Before Fukushima led ... its responsibilities seriously."
Coal outweighs huge - 4,000 times more people than nuclear power. Roos ’11 (Jerome Roos, The Breakthrough Institute (researcher), "Coal Kills 4,000 Times More People Per Unit of Energy than Nuclear" 4/11/11 http://thebreakthrough.org/archive/coal_kills_4000_times_more_peo) "When you actually ... people than nuclear."
Coal usage undermines movements for environmental justice – controls the internal link to AC impacts. Bell "In addition to ... and physical health (Bell, 2009, 2010a)."
Educators and academic spaces have a unique obligation to resist the oppression caused by coal – its key to including marginalized voices. Bell 2 "This system of ... the world burns (p. 79, cited in Pellow, 2007, p. 35)"
10/30/16
SeptOct - Nebel T
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Kris Kaya A. Interpretation: If a debater is going to read a plan at the first tournament of a topic, then they must disclose their plan text if asked before the round
9/11/16
SeptOct - Price Shocks DA
Tournament: Meadows | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Green Valley KD | Judge: Bistagne, Hunt, Conrad Electricity prices are on the decline but extremely volatile – maintaining stable prices is key Lincoln 16 (Mileka, reporter, “Electric bills down about 30 thanks to low gas prices,” January 21, 2016, http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/31028240/electric-bills-down-about-30-due-to-lowest-oil-prices-in-13-years) "Last year, demand ... future," said Bonham."
Increased electricity prices collapses the steel industry VELJ 2K (Villanova Environmental Law Journal, 11 Vill. Envtl. L.J. 161, “STEEL INDUSTRY WATCH OUT! THE KYOTO PROTOCOL IS LURKING”) "In addition to .. with steel components. 190"
10/30/16
SeptOct - T
Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pingry AG | Judge: Carlos Taylor A is the interpretation: Nuclear energy is defined by the American Heritage Science Dictionary as “Electricity generated by a nuclear reactor.”
9/17/16
SeptOct - Theory interp
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 2 | Opponent: Immaculate Heart DD | Judge: Kris Kaya A. Interpretation: If a debater is going to read a plan at the first tournament of a topic, then they must disclose their plan text if asked before the round
9/11/16
SeptOct - Thorium CP
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula DJ | Judge: Scott Philips A. Counterplan Text: The Insert AFF actor will switch nuclear reactors to thorium-based fuels. Hadhazy ‘14 Adam Hadhazy, “Why Aren't We Using Thorium in Nuclear Reactors?” Discover Magazine. 5/7/2014. http://discovermagazine.com/2014/june/3-ask-discover
B. analytic
C. Thorium prevents accidental meltdowns. Warmflash ‘15 David Warmflash, “Thorium Power is a Safer Nuclear Energy” Discover Magazine. 1/16/2015. "To keep the ... reaction would stop."
Throrium solves nuclear waste, mining accidents, and nuclear proliferation. Warmflash 2 David Warmflash, “Thorium Power is a Safer Nuclear Energy” Discover Magazine. 1/16/2015. "Thorium‘s power has ... out the task."
9/11/16
SeptOct - Thorium CP v 2
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 3 | Opponent: Loyola AO | Judge: Nick Steele A. CP Plan Text: The aff actor ought to retrofit existing nuclear reactors in India to use thorium based nuclear power technology.
Switching to thorium reactors prevents the need for more uranium mining. Clark Thorium nuclear power Switching from uranium to thorium as our primarily nuclear fuel could lead to cheaper, safer and more sustainable nuclear power, The Guardian, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/jul/13/manchester-report-nuclear "The uranium that ... consumes each year."
It causes an immediate cessation of mining Barton Charles, retired counselor, writes for Energy From Thorium, “The Liquid Fluoride Thorium Paradigm,” http://www.theoildrum.com/node/4971/ "LFTR(s) are 100-300 ... the greenhouse effect."
Only thorium eliminates current uranium and toxic waste stockpiles - eliminating nuclear power doesn’t solve. Rhodes February, Professor Chris Rhodes is a writer and researcher. He studied chemistry at Sussex University, earning both a B.Sc and a Doctoral degree (D.Phil.); rising to become the youngest professor of physical chemistry in the U.K. at the age of 34. A prolific author, Chris has published more than 400 research and popular science articles (some in national newspapers: The Independent and The Daily Telegraph) He has recently published his first novel, "University Shambles" was published in April 2009 (Melrose Books), “Hopes Build for Thorium Nuclear Energy”, http://oilprice.com/Alternative-Energy/Nuclear-Power/Hopes-Build-for-Thorium-Nuclear-Energy.html "There is much ... civilization is poised."
Thorium prevents accidental meltdowns. Warmflash ‘15 David Warmflash, “Thorium Power is a Safer Nuclear Energy” Discover Magazine. 1/16/2015. "To keep the ... reaction would stop."
Throrium solves nuclear waste, mining accidents, and nuclear proliferation. Warmflash 2 David Warmflash, “Thorium Power is a Safer Nuclear Energy” Discover Magazine. 1/16/2015. "To keep the ... reaction would stop." "Thorium‘s power has ... out the task."
10/29/16
SeptOct - Ukraine Dependency DA
Tournament: Meadows | Round: 6 | Opponent: Lynbrook HH | Judge: Sierra Inglet Banning nuclear power causes a switch to fossil fuels, specifically coal. Weart ‘12 Spencer R. Weart After receiving a doctorate in physics and astrophysics, Spencer Weart worked on solar physics before he turned to the study of the history of science. From 1974 until his retirement in 2009, he was director of the Center for History of Physics at the American Institute of Physics. He has published numerous papers and books, including The Discovery of Global Warming and The Rise of Nuclear Fear, which was published last year. “Shunning Nuclear Power Will Lead to a Warmer World” 26 MAR 2012. http://e360.yale.edu/feature/shunning_new_nuclear_power_plants_will_lead_to_warmer_world/2510/ "These blows to ... burning terrify me."
That’s by far the most likely scenario:
A) Empirically proven – Germany’s phase-out caused an increase in coal. Kharecha and Hansen ‘13 Dr. Pushker A. Kharecha and Dr. James E. Hansen Professors and associate director/Director at Earth Institute, Columbia University “Response to Comment on “Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power”” Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (12), pp 6718–6719 RY "These issues are highlighted ... fuel-fired power plants."
B) Electric energy isn’t interchangeable – fossil fuels are the only option after phase-out. Kharecha and Hansen 2 Dr. Pushker A. Kharecha and Dr. James E. Hansen Professors and associate director/Director at Earth Institute, Columbia University “Response to Comment on “Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power”” Environ. Sci. Technol., 2013, 47 (12), pp 6718–6719 RY "Sovacool et al.1 begin their ... base load power."
3 Impacts 1) Warming Warming is getting worse – we need to cut emissions or we’ll cross a critical threshold – global scientific consensus. Harvey ‘13 Harvey 13 Fiona, Guardian Environment Reporter, IPCC climate report: human impact is 'unequivocal', September 27 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/sep/27/ipcc-climate-report-un-secretary-general "World leaders must ... before taking climate"
Warming is the highest risk of extinction and outweighs nuke war, terror, and other impacts. Deibel ‘07 Terry L. Deibel former professor of foreign affairs strategy at the National War College “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft” Cambridge University Press. 2007. "Finally, there is ... on this planet."
2) Turns the advantage - Natural gas is the worst form of Russian Expansionism. Hermant ‘14 (ABC's Moscow correspondent from 2010-13. He returned in March 2014 to cover the Ukraine crisis from Moscow and Kiev. (Norman, “Russia's natural gas is Vladimir Putin's political and economical weapon,” ABC Australia, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-16/natural-gas-is-putins-political-and-economical-weapon/5394030) "For Vladimir Putin, .... the European fabric.¶"
3) Coal burning spurs nuclear prolif. Turns their advantage. Rhodes and Beller 2000 Rhodes and Beller, nuclear engineer, Los Alamos and nuclear issues expert, 2K (The need for nuclear power, Foreign Affairs, February) "Nuclear proliferation is ... from the ash."
10/30/16
SeptOct - Warming DA
Tournament: Loyola | Round: 3 | Opponent: Peninsula DJ | Judge: Scott Philips Warming is getting worse - we need to cut emissions or we’ll cross a critical threshold. Harvey ‘13 Harvey 13 Fiona, Guardian Environment Reporter, IPCC climate report: human impact is 'unequivocal', September 27 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/sep/27/ipcc-climate-report-un-secretary-general "World leaders must ... before taking climate"
Warming causes extinction – need to act now. McCoy ’14 McCoy ’14: (Dr. David McCoy et al., MD, Centre for International Health and Development, University College London, “Climate Change and Human Survival,” BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL v. 348, 4—2—14, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2510, ) "The Intergovernmental Panel ... are non-negotiable.”
Nuclear energy solves climate change and decrease air pollution – outweighs any externalities. Jogalekar ’13 *bracketed*: Ashutosh Jogalekar. “Nuclear power may have saved 1.8 million lives otherwise lost to fossil fuels, may save up to 7 million more.” Scientific American. April 2, 2013FT "Nuclear power is ... be remembered for."
A 4 degree increase turns every impact¬- we won’t be able to adapt. Roberts 13 David, citing the World Bank Review’s compilation of climate studies, “If you aren’t alarmed about climate, you aren’t paying attention” http://grist.org/climate-energy/climate-alarmism-the-idea-is-surreal/ "We know we’ve ... with every passing decade."
by the elimination of alternatives. Something's being a good K1 can't just amount to its being good and a K1 because, if it did, it would follow from something's being a good K1 and its being a K2 that it is a good K2, whereas that does not follow: a good tennis player who plays chess need not be a good chess player (pp.3-6). The obvious diagnosis, here, is that judgements of goodness are made relative to the kind in question: a good K is good qua K. Thomson then argues for (ii) on the grounds that, when we unpack the idea of something's being good qua K, what we discover is that "being a K … must itself set the standards that a K has to meet if it is to be good qua K" (p.21). This is what it is for K to be a goodness-fixing kind. Being a chess player, for example, itself sets the standards for being a good chess player, so being a chess player is a goodness-fixing kind."