Tournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge: Judy
A. Interpretation: Debaters must disclose all previously defended positions on the NDCA 16-17 LD wiki. The disclosure summaries/tags, full citations, and the first three and last three words from each piece of evidence.

Tournament: All | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge: Judy
Email: Boalsj@gmail.com
Phone: 952-388-8483
Facebook: John Boals
Pronouns: He/Him/His or They/Them/Theirs

If you're frantically trying to contact me at a tournament about something on my wiki please shoot me a text otherwise, email or facebook is probably the best way to contact me.

I firmly believe in making debate as accessible as possible and as such I will try to give a trigger warning before each round but if there is anything on my wiki that you don't feel safe debating please let me know.

If you are trying to re-cut something from my wiki but don't have access to a source let me know and ill send you the pdf.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Conal | Judge: idk

I value Justice

Metaphysical violence is invevitable-All concepts, identities, and judgements are constructed in opposition to their negative. There can be no conception of good without bad, friendship without betrayal, promises without promise breaking. Justice should be focused on minimizing this ontological violence.

Hagglund 04 ~Martin. "The necessity of discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas." diacritics 34.1 (2004): 40-71.~
"Derrida targets precisely this logic of opposition. As he argues in Of Grammatology
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is in the service of perpetrating the better." (46-48)

And, Metaphysical violence is inescapable, the best we can hope for is some reduction. This means ideal theory fails-it attempts to ascribe a universal starting point to resolve that fundamental violence.

Hagglund 2 ~Martin. "The necessity of discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas." diacritics 34.1 (2004): 40-71.~
"An possible objection here is that we must strive toward an ideal origin or
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idea of absolute peace is the idea of absolute violence." (49)  

Second, ethics requires answering the question of responsibility otherwise agents can always question why they are subject to the rule i.e "I know that a certain principle is moral, but why should I care about acting morally." However, Absolute responsibility to the other fails, if I attempt to be hospitable to the other I inherently sacrifice my hospitality to the other other.

Hagglund 3 ~Martin. "The necessity of discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas." diacritics 34.1 (2004): 40-71.~
"For the same reason, Derridaʼs notion of "infinite responsibility" should not
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responsibility is but another name for the necessity of discrimination." (56)

And, ethical relationships are mediated through radical alterity. The other and the self are intertwined in an undecidable relationship that always already carries the possibility of annihilation, yet this very condition is necessary to have any relationship whatsoever.

Hagglund 4 ~Martin. "The necessity of discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas." diacritics 34.1 (2004): 40-71.~
 "Thus, Derrida articulates a double argument concerning the relation between self and
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it in Politics of Friendship 122/143." (Pg. 52) 

Attempts at a reduction of metaphysical violence and an ethic of democratic responsibility towards the other requires refusal to foreclose possible futures. We never know who or what the other is and can therefore never know what they will require. However, democracy itself is inherently contradictory and requires that same metaphysical violence. This necessitates a conception of democracy as always to-come in which we create forms of struggle that result in material changes to include the other.

Matthews 13 ~, Daniel (Daniel Matthews is a PhD candidate at the Birkbeck Law School, University of London where he teaches Contract Law), "The Democracy To Come: Notes on the Thought of Jacques Derrida." Critical Legal Thinking. N.p., 16 Apr. 2013. Web. 12 Dec. 2016.~
In order to elaborate on this deceptively simple phrase I want to assess democracy in
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, it points to a promise of change in the here and now.

Thus the standard is consistency with democracy-to-come.

Contention One: A struggle for democracy-to-come requires free speech.

Free speech is key to a categorical openness towards the future, any restriction of speech is an attempt to foreclose a possible future which result in metaphysical violence.

Fritsch 02 ~Matthias. "Derrida's democracy to come." Constellations 9.4 (2002): 574-597.~
If my demonstration that Derrida affirms a stronger link is correct, however, it
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identity and meaning to a structurally open-ended repetition from the future.

Free speech is key to resolve democracy's autoimmune logic.

Fritsch 2 ~Matthias. "Derrida's democracy to come." Constellations 9.4 (2002): 574-597.~
With this mention of the institutionally guaranteed right to free speech, we have moved
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rule out responsibility as the relation to the otherness of the other.13

Contention Two: Free speech is key to forms of critical engagement necessary to create a more inclusive democracy.

====Higher education is increasingly being invaded by militaristic capitalism that attempts to squash dissent and destroy criticism.====
Giroux 15 ~Henry. "Higher Education and the Promise of Insurgent Public Memory." Truthout. N.p., 03 Mar. 2015. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.~
While the post-9/11 attacks have taken an even more dangerous turn
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in which corporate culture and education merge in order to produce literate consumers. 

An openness towards new forms of learning is key to a critical pedagogy which opens up space for democracy to come.

Giroux 11 ~Henry. "Occupy Colleges Now: Students as the New Public Intellectuals." Truthout. N.p., 21 Nov. 2011. Web. 13 Dec. 2016.~
Finding our way to a ~better~ more humane future demands a new politics
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cultural conditions that are essential both to their future and to democracy itself.

Tournament: Blake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Oakwood EP | Judge: Loren Eastlund

Phenomenal introspection shows that morality requires the maximization of well-being. Sinhababu:

Neil Sinhababu (Associate Professor at the National University of Singapore). "The epistemic argument for hedonism." 2012. JY.
Pleasure" here refers to the hedonic tone of experience. Having pleasure consists in
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favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism.

Rules can be justified on utilitarian grounds when case-by-case calculations lead to worse outcomes. Rawls

John Rawls, "Two Concepts of Rules," The Philosophical Review 64 (1955): 3-32.
Rules are pictured as defining a practice. Practices are set up for various reasons
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rules define a practice and are themselves the subject of the utilitarian principle.

And, just because the rule is justified on utilitarian grounds doesn't mean that agents are free to decide whether to follow the rule on utilitarian grounds. Rawls 2:

Indeed, the point
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not open to her.

Thus the standard is rule utilitarianism, which means following the set of rules whose general application maximize well-being.

The affirmative thesis is that any unconstitutional speech restrictions on public colleges weaken the norm of protecting free speech, thus violating the rule that maximizes benefits.

Speech codes are prominent in the squo. Burleigh:

Nina Burleigh (national politics correspondent at Newsweek). "The Battle Against 'Hate Speech' On College Campuses Gives Rise To A Generation That Hates Speech." Newsweek. 5/26/16. JY.
More than half of America's colleges and universities now have restrictive speech codes. And
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using the word wetback in class while explaining its use as a pejorative.

And, speech codes that prohibit discriminatory speech are a restriction on protected speech. FIRE:

Foundation for Individual Rights Education (FIRE was founded in 1999 by University of Pennsylvania professor Alan Charles Kors and Boston civil liberties attorney Harvey Silverglate). State of the Law: Speech Codes. Accessed 12/8/16. JY.
In case after case, courts across the country have unequivocally and uniformly held speech
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unseemly or offensive are unconstitutionally overbroad." ~Full opinion included in Appendix.~

Thus, I advocate that public colleges and universities in the US ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech.

Speech restrictions cause a chilling effect that is empirically verified and causes spillover to views on the First Amendment. Lukianoff:

Greg Lukianoff (attorney and president of Foundation for Individual Rights in Education). "Speech Codes: Alive and Well, 10 years later." Huffington Post. 10/15/13. JY.
In my 2012 book,
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at their ultimate peril.

This chilling effect is powerful and threatens campus discourse. Friedersdorf:

Conor Friedersdorf. The Glaring Evidence That Free Speech Is Threatened on Campus. The Atlantic. 3/4/16. JY.
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/the-glaring-evidence-that-free-speech-is-threatened-on-campus/471825/
To sum up: free speech
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the future will thank them.

The right to free speech is indivisible and speech restrictions necessarily spill over. Friedersdorf:

Conor Friedersdorf. The Lessons of Bygone Free-Speech Fights. The Atlantic, 12/10/15. JY.
http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/what-student-activists-can-learn-from-bygone-free-speech-fights/419178/
But Professor Gale argued that
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battles suggest they were correct.

Viewing hate speech as a harm exception creates perverse incentives and justifies broad restrictions, as there is no principled way to determine what speech is harmful. Epstein:

Richard Epstein (professor of law at NYU). "Free Speech and sexual harassment at Yale." Newsweek. 10/27/16. JY.
But the harm principle
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selective definition of harm.

Only a strong norm of content neutrality can protect marginalized voices. Speech restrictions can only solve oppression if there is a public consensus against hate speech. But weakening the norm leads to worse oppression if public opinion shifts. Gates:

Henry Louis Gates (W.E.B. Du Bois Professor of the Humanities at Harvard University, Director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University). "Let Them Talk." The New Republic. September 20, 1993. JY.
At first blush, this is
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norm of content-neutrality.

This is empirically confirmed- speech restrictions are implemented in racist ways. ACLU:

American Civil Liberties Union. "Hate speech on campus." Accessed 12/14/16. JY.
Aren't speech codes on college
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of any persons, we'll be next." 

First, censorship kills discussion and political engagement, turning universities into left-wing bubbles. Lukianoff:

Greg Lukianoff (attorney and president of Foundation for Individual Rights in Education). Unlearning Liberty: Campus Censorship and the End of American Debate (p. 28). Encounter Books. Kindle Edition.
Without free speech and discussion,
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making the problem worse.

Lack of critical discussion causes echo chambers, leading to epistemic closure and Trump. Kristof:

Nicholas Kristof (NYT columnist). "The Dangers of Echo Chambers." New York Times. 12/11/16. JY.
I share apprehensions about
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jumped since his election.

Second, it undermines education and the search for truth. Free discourse is essential to knowledge generation. Speech restrictions come from epistemic arrogance. Pinker:

Steven Pinker (professor of psychology at Harvard). "Why free speech is fundamental." Boston Globe. 1/27/15. JY.
MORE THAN two centuries
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doubtless including some we hold today.

Finally, freedom of speech guards against tyranny and must be protected in every instance. Pinker:

Steven Pinker (professor of psychology at Harvard). "Why free speech is fundamental." Boston Globe. 1/27/15. JY.
A third reason that free
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of opinion in a democracy.

American commitment to free speech sets an example to the world. Pinker:

Steven Pinker (professor of psychology at Harvard). "Three Reasons Free Speech Matters." Foundation for Economic Education. 2014. JY.
It may seem outlandish
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a worrisome development.

Tournament: Emory | Round: 2 | Opponent: Stuyvesant KF | Judge: Devane Murphy

Professionalization 1AC (7:30)

Status quo education policies kill value to life through a neoliberal logic of accumulation whereby students become containers to be filled leaving us powerless to resist oppression. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the best liberation strategy for the oppressed within higher education.

Freire 2k ~Paulo., Brazilian educator and philosopher who was a leading advocate of critical pedagogy, Pedagogy of the oppressed. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2000.~
A careful analysis of the teacher-student relationship at any level, inside or
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the poles of the contradiction so that both are simultaneously teachers and students.

The university is head management in this reduction of life to a precoded process. Academia is a machine that produces meaning according to the logic of capitalism. This process of precoded learning fosters regimes of social death centered around managing the possibilities of resistance.

Occupied UC Berkeley 09 ~Anonymous student who took part in the UC Berkely protests "The Necrosocial." Anti-Capital Projects. N.p., 9 Nov. 2009. Web. 05 Dec. 2016.~
Being president of the University of California is like being manager of a cemetery:
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of student life, is the management of our consent to social death.

Student protests on campus are little more than attempts to put band-aids on bullet holes. The university is funded by and founded by the same neoliberal anti-black forces that constitute society. Attempts at finding a home within academia assume a level of inclusivity that only exists to sustain profit.

Kelley 16 ~, Gary B. Nash Professor of American History at UCLA, Robin DG. "Black Study, Black Struggle." The Boston Review (2016).~
While students on various campuses have done everything from addressing racial incidents to criticizing university
AND
students; 3) that universities divest from prisons and invest in communities.

Regardless of physical location blackness speaks before the body itself. Idolizing the political change behind black speech is only possible in a space where radical black community is housed. A space that allows for social life within a broader regime geared towards the production of social death.

Brady 12 ~Nicholas. "Louder Than the Dark: Toward an Acoustics of Suffering", http://www.thefeministwire.com/2012/10/louder-than-the-dark-towards-an-acoustics-of-suffering/~~
Discourse on race normally focuses on the material and the visual, but the video
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lives, black life, matters until the final, paradigmatic quiet comes.

Thus we affirm that public colleges and universities ought not restrict constitutionally protected speech as a method of undercommoning the university. Our affirmation opens up space for black social life within regimes of social death through maroonage in the university. Liberation occurs through a fugitive existence within but not of the university in which we as students steal the intellectual labor of the university and bring it back to our communities. Limitations on speech necessarily limit both how theft occurs and what materials can be stolen.

Harney and Moten 09 ~Stefano, and Fred Moten. Stefano Harney is Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University. Fred Moten is Professor Ph.D. UC Berkeley.  "The university and the Undercommons."The Edu-factory Collective: towards an (2009).~
"To the university I'll steal, and there I'll steal," to borrow from
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. And it is at the same time, the only possible act.

Speech codes and safe spaces treat oppression as a personal problem and obfuscates the over-arching structures that legitimate those forms of linguistic violence in the first place. The violence of systemic racism does not begin or end at the university gates and only through a strategy of communal resistance can individuals find space to eviscerate their trauma.

Kelley 2 ~, Gary B. Nash Professor of American History at UCLA, Robin DG. "Black Study, Black Struggle." The Boston Review (2016).~
So, one can easily see why the language of trauma might appeal to black
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remaining wary of a culture that reduces structural oppression to misunderstanding and psychology?

The Undercommons is a space that undercuts the professionalization of the university. Rather than accept codification into the system or rebel against it, we choose to scam the system, to invade the enemy home base and steal the training manual if only to better plot against it.

Harney and Moten 09 ~Stefano, and Fred Moten. Stefano Harney is Professor of Strategic Management Education at Singapore Management University. Fred Moten is Professor Ph.D. UC Berkeley.  "The university and the Undercommons."The Edu-factory Collective: towards an (2009).~
The maroons know something about possibility. They are the condition of possibility of the
AND
, as far as it can, unprofessional behavior at its most obvious.

Fugitivity is not simply opposition or transgression to the social but, rather, functions in a zone of indeterminacy that disrupts the relationship between knowledge and resistance—it is through this space of unintelligibility that blackness can find social life within social death.

Moten 08 ~UC Riverside Department of English professor, 2008 (Fred, "The Case of Blackness," Criticism, Vol. 50, No. 2, Spring 2008, p. 178-179, ProjectMUSE)
I'll begin with a thought that doesn't come from any of these zones, though
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sense—of things when subjects are engaged in the representation of objects.

Tournament: Minneapple RR | Round: 2 | Opponent: Valley TG | Judge: Panel

1AC

Part One is Framework

As students participating in political debates we must put disability at the center of our discussion– this is central to change the way that disability is represented and conceived. Thus the role of the ballot is to vote for the debater that provides the best liberation method for the oppressed. The role of the judge is to endorse the best disability scholarship.

Bérubé 03 (Michael, Paterno Family Professor in Literature at Pennsylvania State University, "Citizenship and Disability", Spring)
It is striking, nonetheless, that so few leftists have understood disability in these
AND
, which is to say, for the good of all of us.

Part Two is Inherency

====Courts currently allow qualified immunity, even when police violate the rights of disabled people under the Americans with Disabilities Act.  This ensures that cannot get reparations for civil rights violations under the ADA.====
Auner 16 ~Thomas J. "For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests." Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49.1 (2016): 335.~
To succeed in a section 1983 claim, the plaintiff must prove that someone acting
AND
local governments, rendering the barriers of qualified and municipal immunity inapplicable.79

And, qualified immunity isn't even a legitimate legal defense currently under the ADA - it is an ableist obfuscation of the law.

Gildin 99 ~Gary S. "Dis-qualified Immunity for Discrimination against the Disabled." U. Ill. L. Rev. (1999): 897.~
The courts that have allowed a qualified immunity defense to be erected by government officials
AND
immunity defense that Congress did not intend for actions under the Acts. 19

Part Three is the Plan

Resolved: The Supreme Court of the United States should limit qualified immunity by adopting the Ninth Circuit's decision on Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act's applicability to arrest situations in Sheehan v. City and County of San Francisco as a legal precedent for all circuits on the next available test case.

Auner 16 ~Thomas J. "For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests." Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49.1 (2016): 335.~
Excessive force claims stemming from the Fourth Amendment and section 1983 of the Civil Rights
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incentivize proper police training and provide uniform federal protections for the mentally ill.

====They continue====
The Ninth Circuit's approach to the ADA's applicability to arrest situations in Sheehan should be a model for all circuits. Holding the ADA applicable to arrest situations furthers the ADA's objectives and forces law enforcement agencies to implement improved training programs. Training programs implemented by police departments in order to comply with the ADA will likely lead to increased safety among those with mental illnesses. Thus, the Supreme Court has a duty to ensure that a mentally ill person living within in the Fifth Circuit is subject to the same federal protections as a mentally ill person living within the Ninth Circuit. In addition to making the federal law uniform, it is the right thing to do for the mentally ill.

Advantage One: Police Brutality

====Police killings of the disabled result from and in turn justify the ableist foundations of the state.====
Mack 16 – 1-6, Tracy, "Legitimizing police violence: sanism, ableism and racism" http://www.socialist.ca/node/2978
January 6, 2016 A fundamental aspect of Canada's creation, which also consistently maintains
AND
relies on and reproduces, and the capitalism system that police violence serves. 

Second, the nature of the ADA means that no compensation is possible with the existence of qualified immunity.

Gildin 99 ~Gary S. "Dis-qualified Immunity for Discrimination against the Disabled." U. Ill. L. Rev. (1999): 897.~
The legislative instruction that the Acts be broadly construed to afford relief to victims of
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is wholly inapplicable to actions for damages brought under the disability discrimination statutes.

The threat of lawsuit under the ADA has empirically resulted in inclusion and a decrease in discrimination – more litigation is key.

Auner 16 ~Thomas J. "For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests." Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49.1 (2016): 335.~
When courts deem the ADA applicable to specific situations, public and private entities typically
AND
more importantly, will tangibly improve the safety of the mentally ill. 104

And, Police departments already have specifically trained officers-the plan just forces them to use their CIT's

Auner 16 ~Thomas J. "For the Protection of Society's Most Vulnerable, the ADA Should Apply to Arrests." Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 49.1 (2016): 335.~
However, even while facing seemingly insurmountable obstacles, police departments can implement successful programs
AND
fewer mentally ill people where treatment is the better course of action.121

Advantage Two: Able-normativity

Society's desire for an ontological security facilitated a regime of ableism that MARGINALIZES and CONSTRAINS discussion about disability-in order to attain security, disability is projected onto anyone deemed physically unqualified, threatening, or abnormal.

Campbell 5 ~Fiona Kumari Senior Lecturer in Disability Studies at the School of Human Services and Social Work Griffith University (Brisbane) and Adjunct Professor in Disability Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, Legislating Disability Negative Ontologies and the Government of Legal Identities, Foucault and the Government of Disability, 108-133~ *gender modified
A system of thought . . . is founded on a series of acts of
AND
the same time, in an identical newness, in an unavoidable duality.

This produces disability as disqualifying defect – the view that disability is a sign of a lesser quality being – that results in VIOLENCE and SPILLS OVER to other forms of oppression

Siebers 09 ~Tobin, Co-Chair of the Initiative on Disability Studies and Professor of English at the University of Michigan, October 28, "The Aesthetics of Human Disqualification, pg. 3-10/AKG~
Disqualification as a symbolic process removes individuals from the ranks of quality human beings,
AND
represents at this moment in time the final frontier of justifiable human inferiority.

The 1AC is a criticism of liberal modernity—-we perform guerrilla approach to disability studies by making a radical demand and flipping the tables on the biomedical state-this challenges the idea of the abled liberal subject.

Campbell 5 (Fiona Kumari Senior Lecturer in Disability Studies at the School of Human Services and Social Work Griffith University (Brisbane) and Adjunct Professor in Disability Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, Legislating Disability Negative Ontologies and the Government of Legal Identities, Foucault and the Government of Disability, 108-133) *gender modified to avoid your shenaniganz
In order for the notion of "ableness" to exist and to transmogrify into
AND
ctions) elevated to indisputable truth-claims and rendered viable in law.

Tournament: Valley | Round: Doubles | Opponent: Scarsdale GZ | Judge: Panel

Part One is Epistemology

Examining ethical problems from an ahistoric universal position is nonsense.

Mingers 2K ~(Prof J Mingers, Warwick Business School, Warwvick University) The Contribution of Critical Realism as an Underpinning Philosophy for OR/MS and Systems, The Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 51, No. 11 (Nov., 2000), pp.~
Bhaskar's 12 (p 23) starting point is to argue, specifically against empiricism
AND
for applied science that may be more relevant to OR/MS (RRREI

And, an explanation of human behavior requires looking at historical and material conditions because our species depends on having our material needs met.

Graham 92 ~Keith, Karl Marx Our Contemporary: Social Theory for a Post-Leninist World, University of Toronto Press, 1992~
Embedded in his Preface to A Contribution to the Critiue of Political Economy there is
AND
must daily and hourly be fulfilled merely in order to sustain human life."  

It is impossible to analyze these conditions absent a social context as those in different classes will differently experience the fulfilling of their own material needs.

Jaggar 83 ~Alison M., professor of philosophy and women studies at University of Colorado - Boulder, Feminist Politics and Human Nature, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.  1983~
Both liberal and Marxist epistemologists consider that, ~I~n order to arrive
AND
, redescribed as enjoyment or justified as freely chosen, deserved or inevitable.

Part Two is the Ethical Framework

The historical production of resources has been fundamentally capitalist and has created a system of class relations to entrench the interests of the powerful.

Berger 91 ~Arthur Asa, Media Analysis Techniques, Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1991~
The bourgeoisie, according to this theory, averts class conflict by indoctrinating the proletariat
AND
to Marxist analysts, as the likelihood of a revolution seems rather distant.

Indeed, the most important method to check capitalism is to question and expose the ideology that sustains class relations, which creates a false consciousness that sustains oppression by giving it the means to justify itself. Eyerman writes:

Eyerman 81 ~Ron (Professor of Sociology), Yale. "False Consciousness and Ideology in Marxist Theory" Acta Sociologica, Vol. 24, No. 1/2, Work and Ideology (1981), pp. 43-56~
As in Gramsci's thought, the movement from false consciousness to class consciousness is one
AND
that it know the truth, which includes the necessity of social revolution.

Hence, the goal of the resolution should be to minimize oppressive ideologies because:  1) The resolution questions what we ought to do and the arbitrary oppression of groups harms them without desert, which is illegitimate under any reasonable system of ethics and 2) We epistemically should look to the experience of lived people and oppression is not desirable as evidenced by both historical and current revolutions around the globe.

Reid-Brinkley 08 (Shanara Rose Reid-Brinkley, Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Communications as well as the Director of Debate at the University of Pittsburgh,  "The Harsh Realities Of "Acting Black": How African-American Policy Debaters Negotiate Representation Through Racial Performance And Style," 2008~
To begin an investigation of these questions of race, representation and performance, I
AND
it is important to read the social actors involved and watching as embodied. 

Thus the standard and role of the judge is criticizing capitalist ideologies.

Part Three is Historical Materialism

Even before the discovery of nuclear technology, the energy sector has defined the relationship between states and systems of capitalism.

Kohso 1 (Sabu Kohso, "Radiation and Revolution," Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)
Direct confrontation with this nuclearity announces the advent of a new age; an age
AND
nuclear fission or fusion and radiation) and its shaky and tricky control. 

Nuclear energy and state interests have been always been historically linked through the passing of laws to ease their liability. The financial and environmental costs are shoved onto the working class through taxes and radiation.

Kohso 2 (Sabu Kohso, "Radiation and Revolution," Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)
Generally speaking, even when nuclear energy generation is privately funded, "~…~ the state
AND
, an invisible and expansive pyramid of the new age on a global scale

Since the advent of nuclear power, the international politics has been intertwined with nuclear politics. As long as nuclear power exists, it will define the global power structures that have come to dominate the world.

Kohso 3 (Sabu Kohso, "Radiation and Revolution," Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)
Forces that both promote and rely on nuclear power are global in nature. As
AND
—has to do with a deep crisis of the commons.
 

Part Four is The Social Movement

Thus we Affirm that Resolved: countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power as an outcropping of the global anti-nuclear movement. Our affirmation isn't simply a policy action rather it is a heuristic for our movements demands.

Our opposition movement recalls the revolutionary fervor of the Arab Spring, rejecting historically oppressive power structures in favor of affirming the lives of the oppressed. Halting the subjugation of the working class requires the rejection of the nuclear apparatus and the socioeconomic hierarchy that it has created.

Kohso 4 (Sabu Kohso, "Radiation and Revolution," Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)
To tackle this, it is necessary to have a layered scope and strategy,
AND
that is pre-personal, pre-individual, and yet singular.

Voting affirmative endorses a social critique of nuclear power. Only instrumental reform to the energy system can effectively spill over to broader systemic problems without being coopted.

Martin et. Al, 84 (The main authors are Jill Bowling, Brian Martin, Val Plumwood and Ian Watson, with important contributions from Ray Kent, Basil Schur and Rosemary Walters. Strategy against nuclear power http://www.bmartin.cc/pubs/86sa.html)
What is a strategy anyway? A strategy links the analysis of an issue with
AND
aims at interactions with existing structures in a way which goes beyond them.

The struggle to reject the nuclear apparatus is the critical front in the global struggle against oppressive ruling ideologies.

Kohso 5 (Sabu Kohso, "Radiation and Revolution," Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)
From the vantage point of the global uprisings today, the global nuclear regime is
AND
all the struggles of the people for their survival, justice and hope.

He continues:

Facing the expectation of slow death
AND
target of anti-capitalist and anti-statist objectives.

The oppression of the nuclear apparatus has infected every aspect of modern life. With the all-encompassing nature of the post-nuclear world, it has become impossible to promote human flourishing or achieve any other ethical goal without first investigating the way those actions are inextricably linked with radioactivity.

Kohso 6 (Sabu Kohso, "Radiation and Revolution," Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)
This is a new age for life itself. Simple acts of being—breathing
AND
is telling of the nature of the struggles today and in the future.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 4 | Opponent: idk | Judge: Stolte

It is estimated that 10 of the Japanese population writes haiku as a means of expressing feeling.  Marking particular days with a seasonal word that is traditionally used in the format is a hallmark of the style.  After the disaster that took place at Fukushima, a new word was created "Genpatsu-ki", which is used to mark nuclear power day.  In this spirit, I present the affirmative case and I am resolved in affirmation of the resolution.

The first meditation is "Curie Day: the thistle is said to be the flower for abandoning faith"

Nuclear technology is more unique than any other technology that has ever been utilized.  It is an attempt to completely sever ourselves from nature.  We no longer need the energy that comes from the sun, and instead, we try to recreate the sun itself. This constitutes a technological ordering which separates from our relationship with nature.

Kokubun 13 ~Address delivered at Asian Frontiers Forum: "Questions Concerning Life and Technology after 311", National Taiwan University, May 30th, 2013.~
Heidegger had great insight into the potential danger of the nuclear power, which is
AND
of controlling ~...~ betrays the inability of human beings to overcome this power".

Aside from our direct separation from nature by setting ourselves apart from it, people and our environment become enframed as items to be used in all stages in the production of nuclear energy.

Kinsella 07 ~, William J. '~Associate Professor, Department of Communication NC State. PhD in Communication, Information and Library Studies from Rutgers University. Heidegger and Being at the Hanford Reservation: Standing Reserve, Enframing, and Environmental Communication Theory', Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 1: 2, 2007~
People, too, became part of the standing reserve of resources for plutonium production
AND
in 1943, Bohr concluded that the Manhattan project had done exactly that.

The second meditation: "Only wreckage left in my hometown, the mountain laughs"

The enframing created by nuclear power production ensures humanity treats the world around us as mere objects  and the world as a standing reserve to be conquered. Humanity appears to only encounter that which it controls or is of its own creation, leaving individuals estranged from true Being.

Kinsella 07 ~, William J. '~Associate Professor, Department of Communication NC State. PhD in Communication, Information and Library Studies from Rutgers University . Heidegger and Being at the Hanford Reservation: Standing Reserve, Enframing, and Environmental Communication Theory', Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 1: 2, 194 — 217 2007~
Heidegger believed that the reduction of nature to a standing reserve alienates us not only
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a more primal truth. (Heidegger, 1977a, p. 28)

The loss of relation to the true nature of being is the worst fate that could befall the human race.

Caputo 93 ~John D. "Demythologizing Heidegger." Indiana University Press. Bloomington, IN 1993. Page Number: 141.~
The thinker is menaced by a more radical threat, is endangered by a more
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, things have ceased to be things, have sunk into indifferent nothingness.

Questions of ontology, being and reality precede all other evaluations. All modes of thought and decision-making presuppose ontological assumptions, which make up the reasons for actions.

Dillon 99 ~,Michael Prof of Politics- University of Lancaster, 1999. Moral Spaces p. 97-98~
Heirs to all this, we find ourselves in the turbulent and now globalized wake of its confluence. As Heidegger-himself an especially revealing figure of the deep and mutual implication of the philosophical and the political4-never tired of pointing out, the relevance of ontology to all other kinds of thinking is fundamental and inescapable. For one cannot say anything about any-thing that is, without always already having made assumptions about (it) the is as such. Any mode of thought, in short, always already carries an ontology sequestered within it. What this ontological turn does to other-regional-modes of thought is to challenge the ontology within which they operate. The implications of that review reverberate through-out the entire mode of thought, demanding a reappraisal as fundamental as the reappraisal ontology has demanded of philosophy. With ontology at issue, the entire foundations or underpinnings of any mode of thought are rendered problematic. This applies as much to any modern discipline of thought as it does to the question of moder-nity as such, with the exception, it seems, of science, which, having long ago given up the ontological questioning of when it called itself natural philosophy, appears now, in its industrialized and corporatized form, to be invulnerable to ontological perturbation. With its foundations at issue, the very authority of a mode of thought and the ways in which it characterizes the critical issues of freedom and judgment (of what kind of universe human beings inhabit, how they inhabit it, and what counts as reliable knowledge for them in it) is also put in question. The very ways in which Nietzsche, Heidegger, and other continental philosophers challenged Western ontology, simultaneously, therefore reposed the fundamental and inescapable difficulty, or aporia, for human being of decision and judgment. In other words, whatever ontology you subscribe to, knowingly or unknowingly, as a human being you still have to act. Whether or not you know or acknowledge it, the ontology you subscribe to will construe the problem of action for you in one way rather than (or) another. You may think ontology is some arcane question of philosophy, but Nietz-sche and Heidegger showed that it intimately shapes not only a way of thinking, but a way of being, a form of life. Decision, a fortiori political decision, in short, is no mere technique. It is instead a way of being that bears an understanding of Being, and of the fundaments of the human way of being within it. This applies, indeed applies most, to those mock -innocent political slaves who claim only to be technocrats of decision making.
And hence, meditation three, "Alive, I now assure myself under the cherry blossoms"

I affirm that Resolved: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power. I do not affirm the resolution as a policy statement because that type of problem-solution thinking is exactly what I'm criticizing, rather I affirm the resolution as a question of thought, something to meditate on. It is in the resoluteness of being resolved that we can recapture the ability to act free of calculative thought.

Pezze 06 ~Barbara Dalle Pezze The Centre for the Humanities and Medicine, The University of Hong kong. PhD in Philosophy— the University of Hong Kong "Heidegger on Gelassenheit," Minerva - Internet Journal of Philosophy 10 (2006): 94-122~
Let us pause for a moment to consider a possible misunderstanding. It could appear
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that- which-regions, to remain open towards the openness itself.

This type of affirmation is a push to embrace gelassenheit. "Releasement towards things" and "openness to the mystery" is a higher action that means we do not demand answers to our problems – we wait and reconsider our relationship with the world and to be able to embrace true Being.

Pezze 2 ~Barbara, PhD in Philosophy U of Hong Kong, "Heidegger on Gelassenheit", Minerva 10:94-122~
When we think meditatively we do not project an idea, planning a goal towards
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is telling of the nature of the struggles today and in the future.

Tournament: Valley | Round: 5 | Opponent: Harrison RP | Judge: Chris Castillo

Framework

The resolution asks what governments ought to do, which implies the value of morality.  Phenomenal introspection shows that morality requires the maximization of well-being.  Sinhababu:

Neil Sinahababu (National University of Singapore). "The epistemic argument for hedonism." 2012. JY.
Pleasure" here refers to the hedonic tone of experience. Having pleasure consists in
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favors the kind of universal hedonism that supports utilitarianism, not egoistic hedonism.

And, all governmental actions and inactions are choices that should be judged based on their outcomes, and thus overall good should be how their actions are judged. Sunstein and Vermeule:

Cass Sunstein (professor of jurisprudence at U Chicago Law School) and Adrian Vermeule (professor of law at U Chicago Law School). "Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs." Stanford Law Review, December 2005.
In our view, any effort to distinguish between acts and omissions goes wrong by
AND
the distinction between authorizing murder and failing to prevent it would become thin.

Furthermore, Consequences are the only morally relevant thing because they're the only form of value we can experience. Harris 10

Harris 10 ~Sam, 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."~
Here is my (consequentialist) starting point: all questions of value (right
AND
, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values.

Thus, the standard is maximizing expected utility, meaning that we should provide the greatest amount of pleasure and least amount of suffering possible for the most people.

Inherency

Contention I is Inherency.

Jordan is currently planning on building nuclear reactors.  Once financing is secured, they will begin construction.  Ghazzal in 16:

Mohammad Ghazal, "Jordan seeking funds for first nuclear power plant — official", Jordan Times, 8/20/16.  http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-seeking-funds-first-nuclear-power-plant-—-official
Jordan's first nuclear power plant could be operational by 2025, if sufficient financing is
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will be able to operate the first reactor by 2025," he noted.

Plan

Thus the plan: The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan will prohibit the production of nuclear energy.  I reserve the right to clarify.

Daesh Advantage

Currently, Jordanian militant extremists are fighting in Syria, and they will become increasingly bold.  They will gain a foothold in Jordan, and they could threaten the stability of the Jordanian state.  Alami:

Mona Alami, French Lebanese Journalist specializing in the Middle East and regular contribute for the Carnegie Endowment's Mideast Analysis, "The New Generation of Jordanian Jihadi Fighters", Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2/18/14.  http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/54553
Jordanian fighters have come to play an important role in the protracted Syrian conflict.
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a great extent on the crackdown they face in Syria and at home.

====A nuclear plant would be an ideal target for these militants and could cause untold damage and further embolden militants.  Magid:====
Magid, Aaron. "Time to Reconsider Jordan's Nuclear Program." Middle East Institute. N.p., 20 June 2016. Web. 22 Sept. 2016.
Security risks also warrant caution in regards to the country's nuclear project. Striking a
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security environment makes the building of a nuclear plant in Jordan especially risky.  

Bolstering militant jihadists is an existential threat to all life because of their persistence, technical expertise, and increased recruitment.  Lloyd:

John Lloyd, "Islamic State has become an existential threat to the West", Reuters, 11/18/15. http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/11/18/islamic-state-has-become-a-existential-threat-to-the-west/
Third, ~Daesh~ ISIS, more than any other of the Islamist groups
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existential threat. A threat to our existence, our way of life.

Water Wars Advantage

Jordan's water situation is dire – a nuclear plant would threaten Jordan's water supply. Daly:

Daly 13 – Jun 18, John C.K., Dr. Daly received his Ph.D. in 1986 from the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London. While at the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute at Johns Hopkins University's Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, where he is currently a non-resident scholar, in 199 he founded The Cyber-Caravan, which continues today under the title, The Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst. He subsequently served as Director of Programs at the Middle East Institute in Washington DC before joining UPI as International Correspondent. "Water shortages may end Jordan's nuclear power hopes", http://www.mining.com/web/water-shortages-may-end-jordans-nuclear-power-hopes/
Fourteen years ago King Abdullah II commented, "Our Water situation forms a strategic
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Kingdom might make up its annual water deficit of 73 million cubic meters.

Even using wastewater is not an option.  It is unreliable and is needed in other sectors.  Magid:

Magid 16 – Jun 20, Aaron, is an Amman-based journalist. His articles have appeared in Foreign Affairs, Al-Monitor, and Lebanon's The Daily Star. "Time to Reconsider Jordan's Nuclear Program", Middle East Institute, http://www.mei.edu/content/article/time-reconsider-jordan-s-nuclear-program
Jordan's water scarcity is alarming, given its importance in cooling nuclear power reactors.
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have become especially sensitive after the horrific 2011 disaster at Japan's Fukushima plant. 

And further water strain would trigger war in the Middle East.  Coble:

Christopher Coble, Major in the US Marine Corps, "Water Scarcity as a Catalyst for Instability in the Jordan River Basin", 2/23/12
Instability due to rapidly decreasing sources of freshwater cannot necessarily be simplified into a battle
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the perceived illegal tapping of a water source nearly caused armed conflict.109

Water wars will escalate and threaten human survival.  Ross and McConnel:

Marc Ross and Stephen McConnel, "Forget Star Wars, Get Ready for Water Wars", Huffington Post, 1/20/16.   http://www.huffingtonpost.com/marc-ross/forget-star-wars-get-ready-for-water-wars_b_9020188.html
A great war looms, one that will rise from the most desperate circumstance:
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that will be far worse than anything we have seen in human history.

Indigenous Peoples Advantage

Currently, the indigenous peoples of the Badia region in Jordan, where the reactor is being built are seeing their traditional ways of living being eliminated because of even the possibility of a reactor coming online. Abuquadairi:

Abuqudairi, Areej. ~Roehampton University Masters, Human Rights~ "Jordan Nuclear Battle Heats Up." Al Jazeera Media Network, 14 Apr. 2014. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. CR
Beyond the economic costs, Azraq residents see plans for the twin nuclear reactors as
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even built and we are known as a 'nuclear area'", he said.

And preserving traditional ways of living in difficult environments is critical.  We'll never know what knowledge that could be key to human survival that we are giving up in terms of finding water, agriculture, and medicine that might be critical.  Once they are gone, they cannot be resurrected.  Preservation of traditional environmental knowledge is key.  Society for Ecological Research:

Society for Ecological Research and the Indigenous Peoples' Restoration Network, "Traditional Ecological Knowledge", 2016, http://www.ser.org/iprn/traditional-ecological-knowledge
The advent of the industrial revolution, cultural imperialism, and quantum leaps in technology
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conditions: as we now know, adaptation is the key to survival.

Solvency

Jordan's nuclear program is risky and doomed to failure.  Only stopping the program now eliminates the risk.

Magid:  – Jun 20, Aaron, is an Amman-based journalist. His articles have appeared in Foreign Affairs, Al-Monitor, and Lebanon's The Daily Star. "Time to Reconsider Jordan's Nuclear Program", Middle East Institute, http://www.mei.edu/content/article/time-reconsider-jordan-s-nuclear-program
Jordan's persistence in following the nuclear path, despite the many risks, is harmful
AND
it is still not too late for Amman to reevaluate its nuclear ambitions.

Tournament: Greenhill | Round: 2 | Opponent: Loyola LA | Judge: Berdugo, Erick

First is the Epistemic framework.  Examining ethical problems from an ahistoric universal position is nonsense because it is impossible.

Young 90 ~Iris Marion, professor of political science at University of Chicago, Justice and the Politics of Difference, Princeton University Press, 1990~
The ideal of impartiality is an idealist fiction.  It is impossible to adopt an
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outcome matters, unless one has a particular and passionate interest in the outcome

And, an explanation of human behavior requires looking at historical and material conditions because our species depends on having our material needs met.

Graham 92 ~Keith, Karl Marx Our Contemporary: Social Theory for a Post-Leninist World, University of Toronto Press, 1992~
Embedded in his Preface to A Contribution to the Critiue of Political Economy there is
AND
must daily and hourly be fulfilled merely in order to sustain human life."  

It is impossible to analyze these conditions absent a social context as those in different classes will differently experience the fulfilling of their own material needs.

Jaggar 83 ~Alison M., professor of philosophy and women studies at University of Colorado - Boulder, Feminist Politics and Human Nature, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield.  1983~
Both liberal and Marxist epistemologists consider that, ~I~n order to arrive
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, redescribed as enjoyment or justified as freely chosen, deserved or inevitable.

Second - The ethical framework:  Ethical systems based on concepts of duty divorced from lived experience are bankrupt. Instead, we should endorse a Eudiamonian ethic that promotes human flourishing. Brenkert 1:

Brenkert 83 ~George G. ~Marx's ethic of freedom (1983) publ. Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1983~
Accordingly, Marx avoids (certain) 'moral words' not only because their use
AND
it jettisons certain concepts traditionally identified with morality, challenges our conceptual prejudices.

This ethics answers the question of how we fulfill our telos – our goals for living based on our experience. For example, a musician is judged by their ability to perform music, the essence of being a musician. Ethics thus must foster the development of the essence of what it is to be human, meaning, the advancement of freedom that allows for human flourishing

Kain 92 ~Phillip ~Marx And Aristotle: Nineteenth-Century German Social Theory And Classical Antiquity. George E. McCarthy "Aristotle, Kant and the Ethics of a Young Marx." 1992 Pp. 216-217~
Marx's concepts of objectification and of species essence involve view of freedom that in many
AND
relation but one that realizes our essence, and thus must be universalizable.

Thus the standard is the promotion of human flourishing.

Oppression is anti-flourishing because it's the denial of an individual's freedom to pursue their essence. In terms of Eudiamonian ethics, individual acts are not relevant, instead, it focuses on how fundamental social arrangements such as class relations either promotes, or oppresses an individual's ability to flourish. Indeed, the historical production of resources has been fundamentally capitalist and has created a system of class relations to entrench the interests of the powerful by which creating a false consciousness that sustains oppression by giving it the means to justify itself. Eyerman.

Eyerman 81 ~Ron ~Professor of Sociology, Yale. "False Consciousness and Ideology in Marxist Theory" Acta Sociologica, Vol. 24, No. 1/2, Work and Ideology (1981), pp. 43-56~

As in Gramsci's thought, the movement from false consciousness to class consciousness
AND
that it know the truth, which includes the necessity of social revolution.

My argument is not centered on whether or not capitalism is good or bad as a means of production, and it would be extra-topical to discuss that.  Rather, my argument is that we can examine how capitalism shapes ideologies that are used to oppress people and the means we can challenge those ideologies to protect disadvantaged classes.

Third is the Historical Material conditions that created the global nuclear apparatus. Even before the discovery of nuclear technology, the energy sector has defined the relationship between states and systems of capitalism.

 
Kohso 1 (Sabu Kohso, “Radiation and Revolution,” Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)

Direct confrontation with
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shaky and tricky control. 

Nuclear energy and state interests have been always been historically linked through the passing of laws to ease their liability. The financial and environmental costs are shoved onto the working class through taxes and radiation.

Kohso 2 (Sabu Kohso, “Radiation and Revolution,” Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)

Generally speaking, even
AND
a global scale

Since the advent of nuclear power, the international politics has been intertwined with nuclear politics. As long as nuclear power exists, it will define the global power structures that have come to dominate the world.

Kohso 3 (Sabu Kohso, “Radiation and Revolution,” Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)

Forces that both
AND
out of it.
 

Fourth is why rejecting the nuclear ideology promotes human flourishing. This opposition movement recalls the revolutionary fervor of the Arab Spring, rejecting historically oppressive power structures in favor of affirming the lives of the oppressed. Halting the subjugation of the working class requires the rejection of the nuclear apparatus and the socioeconomic hierarchy that it has created.

Kohso 4 (Sabu Kohso, “Radiation and Revolution,” Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)

To tackle this
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, pre-individual, and yet singular.

The struggle to reject the nuclear apparatus is the critical front in the global struggle against oppressive ruling ideologies.

Kohso 5 (Sabu Kohso, “Radiation and Revolution,” Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)

From the vantage
AND
justice and hope.

He continues:

Facing the expectation
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anti-statist objectives.

The oppression of the nuclear apparatus has infected every aspect of modern life. With the all-encompassing nature of the post-nuclear world, it has become impossible to promote human flourishing or achieve any other ethical goal without first investigating the way those actions are inextricably linked with radioactivity.

Kohso 6 (Sabu Kohso, “Radiation and Revolution,” Borderlands volume 11 number 2, Special Issue: Commons, Class Struggle and the World. 2012)

This is a
AND
in the future.

Tournament: Marx | Round: 2 | Opponent: Idk | Judge: Berdugo

Framework

I affirm.

Definitions:

Dictionary.com and Oxford Dictionary agree:

"Definition of Nuclear Power." Oxford Dictionary, n.d. Web. 12 Sept. 2016. ~Note: Dictionary.com cites Oxford Dictionary in this definition, see Oxford Dictionary definition below.~ CR
Nuclear power: NOUN 1. Electric or motive power generated by a nuclear reactor.

The resolution is a question of how governments ought to act, thus the value is morality and the actor is governments.

All governmental actions and inactions are choices that should be judged based on their outcomes, and thus overall good should be how their actions are judged. Sunstein and Vermeule:

Cass Sunstein (professor of jurisprudence at U Chicago Law School) and Adrian Vermeule (professor of law at U Chicago Law School). "Is Capital Punishment Morally Required? Acts, Omissions, and Life-Life Tradeoffs." Stanford Law Review, December 2005.
In our view, any effort to distinguish between acts and omissions goes wrong by
AND
the distinction between authorizing murder and failing to prevent it would become thin.

And, the government must always deal with differing individual moral perspectives by promoting general welfare.

Woller 97 ~Woller, Gary BYU Prof., "An Overview by Gary Woller", A Forum on the Role of Environmental Ethics, June 1997, pg. 10~
Moreover, virtually all public policies entail some redistribution of economic or political resources,
AND
perhaps at times a necessary, basis for public policy in a democracy.

Consequences are the only morally relevant determination since they're the only form of value we can experience.

Harris 10 ~Sam, 2010. CEO Project Reason; PHD UCLA Neuroscience; BA Stanford Philosophy.  The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values."~
Here is my (consequentialist) starting point: all questions of value (right
AND
, therefore, consequences and conscious states remain the foundation of all values.

Therefore, the standard for morality is maximizing expected utility

Contention One: Renewables

Nuclear energy is becoming increasingly irrelevant as the cost of renewables continues to go down dramatically.  Lindon in 15.

Henry Lindon, "Study: Wind Energy and Solar Energy Beating Conventional Generation Modalities On Costs Of Production", http://sustainnovate.ae/en/industry-news/detail/study-wind-energy-solar-energy-beating-conventional-generation-modalities-o/  11/30/15.
Wind energy and solar energy are notably beating out conventional generation modalities (coal,
AND
25 just over the last year, according to the new study.

This also proves that upon a banning of nuclear energy the market would have a natural incentive to switch to renewable energy even before factoring in regulations and subsidies.

And, advancements in storage energy technology means that renewables really can provide all our energy needs and that nuclear is soon to be completely obsolete. Evans-Pitchard:

Ambrose Evans-Pitchard (International Business Editor of The Daily Telegraph). "Holy Grail of energy policy in sight as battery technology smashes the old order." The Telegraph. August 10, 2016. JY.
The world's next energy revolution is probably no more than five or ten years away
AND
be extended periods in the summer when no base-load is needed whatsoever

Although nuclear power may not release C02 during operation. The fuel mining, enrichment and construction of plants is very carbon intensive meaning nuclear energy is in no way a "clean" or "Carbon free" technology. Sovacool Writes,

Sovacool, Benjamin K. "Valuing the greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear power: A critical survey." Energy Policy 36.8 (2008): 2950-2963.
The first conclusion is that the mean value of emissions over the course of the
AND
kWh/m2 /yr and a performance ratio of 0.8)

Contention Two: Nuclear Lobbying

First, nuclear energy consumes political attention, which means that renewables and efficiency standards get less political support and intiative, further delaying a move to the radical energy efficiency we need to combat climate change..  Porritt writes,

Jonathan Porritt, Director of Forum for the Future, Why the UK must choose renewables over nuclear: an answer to Monbiot", The Guardian, 7/26/11, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2011/jul/26/george-monbiot-renewable-nuclear
The Sustainable Development Commission's 2006 report commented specifically on this: "Were it to
AND
and absolutely nothing to put efficiency at the heart of that reform process.

Furthermore, the nuclear industry engages in lobbying against renewables by portraying themselves as the only "real solution" despite the scientific evidence to the contrary. This means that arguments based on cost of renewables are often based upon a cruel lie by the industry. Cooper writes.

Mark Cooper, PhD and Senior Fellow for Economic Analysis Institute for Energy and the Environment at Vermont Law School, The Economic Failure of Nuclear Power and the Development of a Low Carbon Electricity Future: Why Small Modular Reactors are Part of the Problem, Not the Solution, May 2014, http://216.30.191.148/Cooper20SMRs20are20Part20of20the20Problem,20Not20the20Solution20FINAL2.pdf
The collapse of nuclear economics has two immediate and important implications for public policy.  
AND
of nuclear power, it is about the fundamental direction of climate policy. 

Impact: If we don't ban nuclear power, not only is it economically wasteful but it threatens the planet at large and our very ability to live here.  Auerbach writes in 15.

David Auerbach, "A child born today may live to see humanity's end, unless…" Reuters, June 18, 2015, http://blogs.reuters.com/great-debate/2015/06/18/a-child-born-today-may-live-to-see-humanitys-end-unless/
Humans will be extinct in 100 years because the planet will be uninhabitable, said
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multiplier" and is considering its potential disruptive impact across all its planning.

Contention 3: Meltdowns

Meltdowns are inevitable – other models are flawed

Max - Planck- Gesselschaft 12 –The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science is a formally independent non-governmental and non-profit association of German research institute (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Major Reactor, 5-22-2012, "Severe nuclear reactor accidents likely every 10 to 20 years, European study suggests," ScienceDaily, https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/05/120522134942.htm)
Fukushima are more likely to happen than previously assumed. Based on the operating hours
AND
earthquakes. After all, nobody had anticipated the reactor catastrophe in Japan.

It's the single greatest danger to the environment

Stapleton 9 - Richard M Stapleton Is the author of books such as Lead Is a Silent Hazard, writes for pollution issues ("Disasters: Nuclear Accidents" http://www.pollutionissues.com/Co-Ea/Disasters-Nuclear-Accidents.html)
Of all the environmental disaster events that humans are capable of causing, nuclear disasters
AND
in bones where it may either cause cancer or damage bone marrow cells. 

Biod loss causes extinction—-newest ev

Torres 16 – (Apr 11, Phil, is the founding director of the X-Risks Institute, a contributor for the Future of Life Institute, an affiliate scholar at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, and the author of The End: What Science and Religion Tell Us About the Apocalypse. His writing focuses on apocalyptic terrorism, emerging technologies, and existential risks. "Biodiversity loss: An existential risk comparable to climate change" http://thebulletin.org/biodiversity-loss-existential-risk-comparable-climate-change9329)
According to the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, the two greatest existential threats to human
AND
as one of the most significant contemporary risks to human prosperity and survival.