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+**Advocacy:** |
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+ |
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+**Police misconduct is increasing now–this is the new “war on citizens.”** |
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+ |
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+Global Research News 15 |
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+Global Research News, The Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), Independent Research and Media Organization based in Montreal, Registered Non-profit Organization in Quebec, Canada, Book Publisher, Supporter of Humanitarian Projects, Think Tank on Economic and Geopolitical Issues, “Increasing Police Brutality: Americans Killed by Cops Now Outnumber Americans Killed in Iraq War,” Global Research, October 28, 2015. DY |
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+The increase in police brutality in this country... |
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+AND |
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+...“epidemic of police brutality” sweeping the nation. |
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+ |
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+**Thus, the advocacy: The United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers. I reserve the right to clarify, so no theory violations until they check in CX since we could’ve had an educational debate.** |
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+ |
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+**Aff gets RVIs on I meets and counter-interps because (A), 1AR time skew means I can’t cover theory and still have a fair shot on substance. (B), No risk theory gives neg a free source of no risk offense, which allows them to moot the 1AC.** |
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+ |
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+**Aff gets reasonability on T because good is good enough. If I don't make it hard for them to win, don't vote on T. I’ll defend neg’s definition of the topic as long as it doesn’t affect 1AC offense.** |
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+ |
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+**Misconduct Advantage:** |
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+ |
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+**Rolling back qualified immunity holds police officers accountable–that solves misconduct.** |
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+ |
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+Wright 15 |
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+Sam Wright, Public Interest Lawyer, Focuses on Nonprofits and Government, Brooklyn Law School, “Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity,” Breaking Media Inc., Above the Law, November 3, 2015. DY |
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+As usual, I’ve not buried the lede:... |
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+AND |
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+...we should push to make it happen. |
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+ |
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+**Scenario 1 is Soft Power:** |
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+ |
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+**U.S. soft power is declining now—the only question is whether it’ll rebound soon.** |
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+ |
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+Lehmann 16 |
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+Jean-Pierre Lehmann, Contributor at Forbes, Professor of International Political Economy at IMD, Funding Director of The Evian Group at IMD, University of Oxford, Georgetown University, “The Collapse Of US Soft Power - Global Impacts,” Forbes, April 28, 2016. DY |
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+Recent events and developments – from the 2003... |
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+AND |
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+...said: horror vacui – nature abhors a vacuum! |
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+ |
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+**And, the continued lack of accountability for police misconduct hurts U.S. soft power.** |
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+ |
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+Lam 16 |
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+Andrew Lam, Editor at New America Media in San Francisco, Previously a Writer at the Huffington Post, Author of "Birds of Paradise Lost," "East Eats West: Writing in Two Hemispheres," "Perfume Dreams: Reflections on the Vietnamese Diaspora,” Graduate from the University of California, Berkeley, San Francisco State University, “Police brutality undermines Uncle Sam's image abroad,” ShanghaiDaily, July 14, 2016. DY |
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+Soft power is undermined. Abroad, the lack... |
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+AND |
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+...with its racism head on, change won't come. |
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+ |
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+**And, soft power is necessary for transnational cooperation–that solves climate change.** |
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+ |
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+Nye 04 |
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+Joseph Samuel Nye, Jr. Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard, Previous Dean of Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, “Soft Power and American Foreign Policy,” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 119, Issue 2, pg. 255, Summer 2004. DY |
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+Because of its leading edge in the... |
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+AND |
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+...the foreign policy tasks that we face. |
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+ |
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+**And, soft power and climate change are real–the Paris Agreement proves that U.S. soft power was integral in leading climate initiatives–every five years is crucial.** |
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+ |
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+Jacquet and Jamieson 16 |
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+Jennifer Jacquet, Environmental Studies Professor at New York University, and Dale Jamieson, Professor of Environmental Studies and Philosophy at New York University, “Soft but significant power in the Paris Agreement,” NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE, Volume 6, July 2016. DY |
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+The Paris Agreement ultimately rests more on... |
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+AND |
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+...objectives of the Paris Agreement a reality. |
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+ |
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+**And, climate change causes extinction–it turns war, econ, and disease–it’s a conflict amplifier.** |
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+ |
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+Sharp and Kennedy 14 |
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+Robert Sharp, Associate Professor, The UAE National Defense College Associate Dean for Academic Programs and College Quality Assurance Advisor, Previously served as Assistant Professor of Strategic Security Studies at the College of International Security Affairs (CISA) in the U.S. National Defense University (NDU), Washington D.C. and then as Associate Professor at the Near East South Asia (NESA) Center for Strategic Studies, National Defense University, and Edward Kennedy, Renewable Energy and Climate Change Specialist, Worked for the World Bank and the Spanish Electric Utility ENDESA on Carbon Policy and Markets, “Climate Change and Implications for National Security,” International Policy Digest, August 22, 2014. DY |
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+Our planet is 4.5 billion years old.... |
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+AND |
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+...the intelligence community and to focus policy. |
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+ |
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+**Scenario 2 is Racism:** |
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+ |
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+**The police kill more black people than any other race–they always get off scot-free.** |
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+ |
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+Wong 15 |
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+Kathleen Wong, Branded Content Writer at Mic, New York University, “10 Police Brutality Statistics That Are Absolutely Shocking,” News.Mic, December 9, 2015. DY |
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+"We live in a time and space... |
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+AND |
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+...1,000 by the end of the year. |
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+ |
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+**And, no indemnification–civil lawsuits makes systemic reform through departmental demands and public outcry.** |
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+ |
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+Geller and Toch 96 |
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+William A. Geller, Research Attorney, American Bar Foundation; J.D., Former Director of The Chicago Law Enforcement Study Group, and Hans Toch, Professor of Psychology in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Albany, Fellow of the American Psychology Association and the American Society of Criminology, “Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force,” Yale University Press, 1996. DY |
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+By contrast, The civil law, because of... |
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+AND |
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+...harm is not likely to be repeated. |
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+ |
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+**Framework:** |
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+ |
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+**Revisionary intuitionism is true and concludes util. All ethical theories are derived from intuition, but non-utilitarian intuitions are scope insensitive, making them cognitively biased.** |
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+ |
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+Yudkowsky 08 |
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+Eliezer Yudkowsky, Co-Founder of the Machine Intelligence Research Institute, American Artificial Intelligence Researcher, American Writer and Blogger, “The ‘Intuitions’ Behind ‘Utilitarianism,’” LessWrong, January 28, 2008. DY |
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+I see the project of morality as... |
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+AND |
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+...many utilitarians, and many things left undone. |
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+ |
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+**Thus, the standard is maximizing happiness.** |
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+ |
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+**Prefer the standard because util is the only moral framework accessible to policy-makers.** |
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+ |
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+Goodin 90 |
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+Robert Goodin, Professor of Government, University of Essex, Australian National Defense University, “THE UTILITARIAN RESPONSE,” p. 141-2, 1990. |
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+My larger argument turns on the proposition... |
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+AND |
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+...all – to choose general rules or conduct. |
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+ |
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+**Role of the Ballot:** |
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+ |
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+**State action is inevitable–deliberation on policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate.** |
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+ |
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+Coverstone 05 |
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+Alan Coverstone, Masters in Communication from Wake Forest, Longtime Debate Coach, Montgomery Bell Academy, “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact,” National Communication Association Annual Conference, November 15, 2005. DY |
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+An important concern emerges when Mitchell describes... |
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+AND |
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+...voter and participatory abstention in America today. |
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+ |
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+**Extinction First U/V:** |
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+ |
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+**Everyday risk evaluation means magnitude times probability–means existential threat operates on a higher level of impact calculus.** |
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+ |
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+Rees 08 |
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+Sir Martin J. Rees, Professor of Cosmology and Astrophysics and Master of Trinity College at the University of Cambridge, Astronomer Royal and Visiting Professor at Imperial College London and Leicester University, Director of the Institute of Astronomy, Research Professor at Cambridge, “‘Global Catastrophic Risks,’ Edited by Nick Bostrom and Milan M. Cirkovic,” Published by Oxford University Press, pp. x-xi, 2008. DY |
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+These concerns are not remotely futuristic - we... |
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+AND |
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+...special attention from scientists, policy-makers and ethicists. |
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+ |
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+**And, we have an obligation to ensure the survival of future generations—that’s key to basic fairness and giving our lives meaning.** |
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+ |
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+Cerruti 14 |
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+Furio Cerruti, Professor of Political Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Florence, Adjunct Professor at the Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Visiting Professor at Harvard University, The Universit´e de Paris 8, The Humboldt Universit ¨at zu Berlin, The London School of Economics, and Political Science, China Foreign Affairs University, Beijing, and Stanford University in Florence, “Humankind’s First Fundamental Right: Survival,” Constellations International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory, 2014. DY |
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+I have explained elsewhere9 why survival rather... |
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+AND |
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+...in a wider transgenerational covenant of solidarity. |
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+ |
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+**And, extinction destroys any chance at having a future of freedom–that’s the internal link to all moral value.** |
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+ |
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+Jonas 96 |
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+Hans Jonas, German-born Philosopher, Previously the Alvin Johnson Professor of Philosophy at the New School for Social Research in New York City, “Mortality and Morality: A Search for Good After Auschwitz,” pp. 111-112, 1996. DY |
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+With this look ahead at an ethics... |
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+AND |
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+...the end of our essay on ontology. |