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... ... @@ -1,54 +1,0 @@ 1 -First, the purpose of debate education should be to train youth to challenge oppressive structures, not perpetuate them. Bohmer explains. 2 -Bohmer 91 “Teaching Privileged Students about Gender, Race, and Class Oppression.” Teaching Sociology, Vol. 19, No. 2 (April, 1991) pp. 154-163. 3 -Our strong emphasis ... the sociology curriculum. 4 - 5 -US legal action requires creating justice; retributivism is the best ethic of action in legal precedence. Parsley explains in 2011. 6 -Parsley 11 4-28-2011 Rethinking Legal Retribution Stephen Parsley Georgia State University http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097andcontext=philosophy_theses 7 -Michael Moore’s justification ... statute or not.”20 8 - 9 -Prefer the criterion- it’s intrinsic to human actions. The Stanford Encyclopedia explains. 10 -SEP 14 Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy '14 ("Retributive Justice" Published Jun. 18th 2014. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-retributive/) 11 -The concept of ... contested and problematic. 12 - 13 -Contention 1 is Accountability- Qualified immunity allows for police officers to justify violence and prevents survivors from receiving justice. Senkel explains. 14 -Senkel 1999 ( Tara. Attorney in New York. Civilians Often Need Protection From the Police: Let's Handcuff Police Brutality 15 N.Y.L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. 385 (1998-1999). http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=falseandhandle=hein.journals/nylshr15andpage=385andcollection=journals#) 15 -While victims of ... are exigent circumstances.237 16 - 17 -Vague requirements of QI decrease accountability for police officers and creates subjective standards for legal application. Wright explains in 2015. 18 -Wright 15 Sam Wright, "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity", Above The Law, Public Interest, 11/03/2015 19 -In order to ... — will avoid accountability. 20 - 21 -Limiting qualified immunity is essential to exposing the truths of police wrongdoings and having adequate judicial scrutiny. Bernick explains in 2015. 22 -Bernick 15 Evan Bernick, "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity", Foundation for Economic Education, 05/06/2015, https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/ 23 -The sad fact ... on the merits. 24 - 25 -Contention 2 is Precedent- Qualified immunity chills legal action against police misconduct. Chen explains in 2015. 26 -Chen 15 (Alan K. Chen is the William M. Beaney Memorial Research Chair and professor of law at the University of Denver Sturm College of Law, where he teaches courses in constitutional law, federal courts, and public interest law. An experienced civil rights litigator and former ACLU staff attorney, Professor Chen continues to do pro bono work in constitutional rights cases.) “Qualified Immunity Liming Access to Justice and Impeding Development of the Law” American Bar Association Vol. 41 No. 1 27 -A final critique ... and troubling ways. 28 - 29 -This ensures rights never get established – paving the way for continuing violations. Carter explains in 2015. 30 -Carter 15 (Tom Carter, World Socialist Website) US Supreme Court expands immunity for killer cops, International Committee of the Fourth International International Committee of the Fourth International 11-12-2015 31 - “Qualified immunity” is ... working class opposition. 32 - 33 -New rulings are key – they spill over to departmental reforms against police violence. Meltsner explains in 2016. 34 -Michael Meltsner 16 (Michael Meltsner, Matthews Distinguished Professor of Law at Northeastern and the author of The Making of a Civil Rights Lawyer, ) What it would really take to stop the killing, Boston 7-7-2016 35 -One wonders how ... equally destructive revenge. 36 - 37 -Even if unsuccessful, these lawsuits fill gaps in police departments’ reporting requirements, which results in reforms to the use of force. Schwartz explains. 38 -Schwartz 10 (Joanna C. Schwartz. Acting Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law) "WHAT POLICE LEARN FROM LAWSUITS" 33 CARDOZO L. REV. (2010) 39 -For these departments, ... internal reporting systems. 40 - 41 -Contention 3 is Reform- Discussion of reformism for qualified immunity is necessary to create tangible policy changes for civil rights law which is directly skewed under qualified immunity 42 -Hassel 99 http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3402andcontext=mlr Winter 1999 Living a Lie: e Cost of Qualified Immunity Diana Hassel professor ... needed policy debate. 43 - 44 -Reform is needed to create a stable application of qualified immunity – legal standards advocate for affirmative. Subjective legal standards are always reinstated as racist ones which collapses the order of the public. 45 -Wright 15 Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity By SAM WRIGHT 26 Comments / Nov 3, 2015 at 2:05 PM http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ 46 -Instead, police officers ... make it happen. 47 - 48 -The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. Coverstone 5. 49 -Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 50 -An important concern ... in America today. 51 - 52 -Particularism is good—root cause claims and focus on overarching structures ignore application to material injustice. Pappas 16. 53 -Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice”, The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016, BE 54 -The pragmatists’ approach ... not otherwise appreciate.15 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,54 @@ 1 +First, the purpose of debate education should be to train youth to challenge oppressive structures, not perpetuate them. Bohmer explains. 2 +Bohmer 91 “Teaching Privileged Students about Gender, Race, and Class Oppression.” Teaching Sociology, Vol. 19, No. 2 (April, 1991) pp. 154-163. 3 +Our strong emphasis ... the sociology curriculum. 4 + 5 +US legal action requires creating justice; retributivism is the best ethic of action in legal precedence. Parsley explains in 2011. 6 +Parsley 11 4-28-2011 Rethinking Legal Retribution Stephen Parsley Georgia State University http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1097andcontext=philosophy_theses 7 +Michael Moore’s justification ... statute or not.”20 8 + 9 +Prefer the criterion- it’s intrinsic to human actions. The Stanford Encyclopedia explains. 10 +SEP 14 Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy '14 ("Retributive Justice" Published Jun. 18th 2014. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-retributive/) 11 +The concept of ... contested and problematic. 12 + 13 +Contention 1 is Accountability- Qualified immunity allows for police officers to justify violence and prevents survivors from receiving justice. Senkel explains. 14 +Senkel 1999 ( Tara. Attorney in New York. Civilians Often Need Protection From the Police: Let's Handcuff Police Brutality 15 N.Y.L. Sch. J. Hum. Rts. 385 (1998-1999). http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?public=falseandhandle=hein.journals/nylshr15andpage=385andcollection=journals#) 15 +While victims of ... are exigent circumstances.237 16 + 17 +Vague requirements of QI decrease accountability for police officers and creates subjective standards for legal application. Wright explains in 2015. 18 +Wright 15 Sam Wright, "Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity", Above The Law, Public Interest, 11/03/2015 19 +In order to ... — will avoid accountability. 20 + 21 +Limiting qualified immunity is essential to exposing the truths of police wrongdoings and having adequate judicial scrutiny. Bernick explains in 2015. 22 +Bernick 15 Evan Bernick, "To Hold Police Accountable, Don't Give Them Immunity", Foundation for Economic Education, 05/06/2015, https://fee.org/articles/to-hold-police-accountable-dont-give-them-immunity/ 23 +The sad fact ... on the merits. 24 + 25 +Contention 2 is Precedent- Qualified immunity chills legal action against police misconduct. Chen explains in 2015. 26 +Chen 15 (Alan K. Chen is the William M. Beaney Memorial Research Chair and professor of law at the University of Denver Sturm College of Law, where he teaches courses in constitutional law, federal courts, and public interest law. An experienced civil rights litigator and former ACLU staff attorney, Professor Chen continues to do pro bono work in constitutional rights cases.) “Qualified Immunity Liming Access to Justice and Impeding Development of the Law” American Bar Association Vol. 41 No. 1 27 +A final critique ... and troubling ways. 28 + 29 +This ensures rights never get established – paving the way for continuing violations. Carter explains in 2015. 30 +Carter 15 (Tom Carter, World Socialist Website) US Supreme Court expands immunity for killer cops, International Committee of the Fourth International International Committee of the Fourth International 11-12-2015 31 + “Qualified immunity” is ... working class opposition. 32 + 33 +New rulings are key – they spill over to departmental reforms against police violence. Meltsner explains in 2016. 34 +Michael Meltsner 16 (Michael Meltsner, Matthews Distinguished Professor of Law at Northeastern and the author of The Making of a Civil Rights Lawyer, ) What it would really take to stop the killing, Boston 7-7-2016 35 +One wonders how ... equally destructive revenge. 36 + 37 +Even if unsuccessful, these lawsuits fill gaps in police departments’ reporting requirements, which results in reforms to the use of force. Schwartz explains. 38 +Schwartz 10 (Joanna C. Schwartz. Acting Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law) "WHAT POLICE LEARN FROM LAWSUITS" 33 CARDOZO L. REV. (2010) 39 +For these departments, ... internal reporting systems. 40 + 41 +Contention 3 is Reform- Discussion of reformism for qualified immunity is necessary to create tangible policy changes for civil rights law which is directly skewed under qualified immunity 42 +Hassel 99 http://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3402andcontext=mlr Winter 1999 Living a Lie: e Cost of Qualified Immunity Diana Hassel professor ... needed policy debate. 43 + 44 +Reform is needed to create a stable application of qualified immunity – legal standards advocate for affirmative. Subjective legal standards are always reinstated as racist ones which collapses the order of the public. 45 +Wright 15 Want to Fight Police Misconduct? Reform Qualified Immunity By SAM WRIGHT 26 Comments / Nov 3, 2015 at 2:05 PM http://abovethelaw.com/2015/11/want-to-fight-police-misconduct-reform-qualified-immunity/ 46 +Instead, police officers ... make it happen. 47 + 48 +The state is inevitable- speaking the language of power through policymaking is the only way to create social change in debate. Coverstone 5. 49 +Coverstone 5 Alan Coverstone (masters in communication from Wake Forest, longtime debate coach) “Acting on Activism: Realizing the Vision of Debate with Pro-social Impact” Paper presented at the National Communication Association Annual Conference November 17th 2005 JW 11/18/15 50 +An important concern ... in America today. 51 + 52 +Particularism is good—root cause claims and focus on overarching structures ignore application to material injustice. Pappas 16. 53 +Gregory Fernando Pappas 16 Texas AandM University “The Pragmatists’ Approach to Injustice”, The Pluralist Volume 11, Number 1, Spring 2016, BE 54 +The pragmatists’ approach ... not otherwise appreciate.15 - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,32 @@ 1 +In a democratic society, every citizen is entitled to their own political opinion, and agreement is arrived at through deliberation on equal grounds. 2 +Rawls, John, “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited,” 64 University of Chicago Law Review, No. 3, 1997, pp. 765-807. 3 +I now turn ... if barely so. 4 + 5 +Contention 6 +First, the courts, which are the agents of public rights, affirm. 7 +Chief Justice Roberts, Opinion of the Court in United States v. Stevens, 559 U.S. 460 (2010), Supreme Court of the United States. 8 +The Government contends ... Marbury v. Madison , 1 Cranch 137, 178 (1803).5 9 + 10 +And, democracy demands that the enforcement of rights must be done through public institutions like courts with precise mandates to assure mutual compliance. 11 +Ripstein, Arthur (Professor of Philosophy and Law at the University of Toronto), “Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy,” Harvard University Press, 2009. 12 +Kant’s solution to ... an omnilateral will. 13 + 14 +Speech codes justify political apathy, they send the message that it’s better to be quiet than to speak out about opinions. 15 +Lukianoff, Greg, “Feigning Free Speech on Campus,” The New York Times Opinion Pages, October 24, 2012. 16 +DESPITE high youth ... speak their mind. 17 + 18 +Underview 1: Protest 19 +College restrictions on free speech are taken as moves toward political correctness, which is what drove voters to Trump in the first place. 20 +Soave, Robby, “Trump Won Because Leftist Political Correctness Inspired a Terrifying Backlash,” Reason.com Hit and Run Blog, November 9, 2016. 21 +Trump won because ... to speak his. 22 + 23 +Free speech the most important tool in the fight against oppression. 24 +ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), “Hate Speech on Campus,” 2016. 25 +Many universities, under ... all subject matter. 26 + 27 +There’s no guarantee that the legal precedent of letting colleges cherry-pick when rights are and aren’t protected will not be applied in other cases, and to historically marginalized groups, leading to a slippery slope of rights violations. 28 +Zywicki, Todd (Foundation Professor of Law and Executive Director of the Law and Economics Center), “Meet the mid-level bureaucrats who impose speech codes on America’s universities,” James ... and Student Services. 29 + 30 +And, campus protest has empirically led to change, but speech restrictions have slowed down key movements. 31 +CUNY, City University of New York, “Free Speech and Campus Protest,” Investing in Futures: Public Higher Education in the United States. 32 +Since the colonial ... in Darfur today. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,28 @@ 1 +What is excluded forms the possibility for ethical change, meaning that ethics in its purest form is fluid. Hägglund. 2 +Hägglund, Martin (Junior Fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows), “The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas,” diacritics 34.1: 40–71, spring 2004. *brackets for grammar* 3 +In effect, every ... over to possible contestable. 4 + 5 +The former is the inevitable necessity for ethics, whereas domination is avoidable. Foucault. 6 +“The Ethics of the Concern of the Self As a Practice of Freedom” in Foucault, M. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth Vol. 1, 1997, Essential Works of Michel Foucault: New Press. *emphasis added* 7 +MF: Yes, absolutely ... confined and limited. 8 + 9 +First, censorship makes language static, preserving the trauma, and thus the power, of injurious speech within the in the words themselves. Butler. 10 +Butler, Judith (Professor of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature, University of California-Berkeley), Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative, Routledge Press, 1997. 11 +Keeping such terms ... is partially open. 12 + 13 +Means that speech codes are never justified. Lloyd. 14 +Lloyd, Moya, “Judith Butler (1956–),” In From Agamben to Zizek: Contemporary Critical Theorists. Ed. Jon Simons. Edinburgh University Press, 2010, pp. 77-92. 15 +The contention that ... strategy than censorship. 16 + 17 +Second, the active regulation of speech reifies power relations into systems of domination by determining what speech is acceptable and what speech isn’t. Lloyd (2). 18 +Lloyd, Moya, “Judith Butler (1956–),” In From Agamben to Zizek: Contemporary Critical Theorists. Ed. Jon Simons. Edinburgh University Press, 2010, pp. 77-92. *emphasis added* 19 +There is, however, ... in its adjudications. 20 + 21 +Third, liberation isn’t equivalent to practices of liberty. Liberation is the act of overcoming an oppressive policy in one instance, whereas liberty is a practice of freely conducting ourselves rightly. 22 +Liberation opens up new power relations to replace old ones, but we need practices of liberty to control them so that we may live ethical lives. Foucault (2). 23 +“The Ethics of the Concern of the Self As a Practice of Freedom” in Foucault, M. Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth Vol. 1, 1997, Essential Works of Michel Foucault: New Press. 24 +MF: I shall ... be set free. 25 + 26 +And, the injury of offensive speech is not intrinsic to the words themselves; the words are merely symptoms of domination. Lloyd (3). 27 +Lloyd, Moya, “Judith Butler (1956–),” In From Agamben to Zizek: Contemporary Critical Theorists. Ed. Jon Simons. Edinburgh University Press, 2010, pp. 77-92. 28 +Butler pins her ... the first place. - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,41 @@ 1 +Identity is the source of normativity as it gives the broad range of reasons that appeal to a person. For example, you wouldn’t obligate a fire fighter to teach or a teacher to fight fire because those roles don’t appeal to the agent’s identity. But the identities that ground ethics are socially constructed. Butler: 2 +(Judith Butler. 1992. “Continent Foundations: Feminism and the Question of “Postmodernism” Feminists Theorize the Political) 3 +“In a sense, ... to politics itself.” 4 + 5 +As fluid concepts, our identities can be denied by the people around us just as their identities can be denied of us. Therefore, ethics demands a recognition of the precarity of identity. Butler 2: 6 +Judith Butler. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? 7 +The precarity of ... of its effects. 8 + 9 +However, within these structures of recognition, difference is inevitable. Hagglund: 10 +“THE NECESSITY OF DISCRIMINATION DISJOINING DERRIDA AND LEVINAS” MARTIN HÄGGLUND 11 +“Derrida targets precisely ... perpetrating the better.” (46-48) 12 + 13 +Only an agonistic democracy is grounded on the precarious structure of identity and the need to maintain openness and contestation as it embraces conflict and transforms it into something that recognizes that my identity is only constructed off of the other. Mouffe: 14 +“The Democratic Paradox” by Chantal Mouffe 2000 15 +“Envisaged from the ... an ongoing confrontation.” (102) 16 + 17 +Agonism requires an acknowledgment that opposing beliefs are structurally legitimate. 18 +Mouffe 2 Chantal Mouffe, Professor at the Department of Political Science of the Institute for Advanced Studies. June 2000. “The Democratic Paradox” 19 +I submit that ... thinking is invaluable. 20 + 21 +Speech codes justify a culture of suppression that deters discussion. Students never learn how to engage with other positions or defend their own. 22 +Mandava, Claremont McKenna College majoring in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, 2015 23 +Sidd, “The ‘Chilling Effect’ in Action: Campus Speech Codes and Political Disengagement”, The FIRE, June 19th, Online: https://www.thefire.org/the-chilling-effect-in-action-campus-speech-codes-and-political-disengagement/ - MG 24 +Almost 95 percent .... might offend them. 25 + 26 +Speech codes undermine the development of students- free speech is required for universities to transform students into independent thinkers. 27 +Azhar Majeed 2, November 18, 20’09, “Defying the Constitution: The Rise, Persistence, And Prevalence Of Campus Speech Codes”, Georgetown Journal of Law and Public Policy, Fire.org, https://www.thefire.org/defying-the-constitution-the-rise-persistence-and-prevalence-of-campus-speech-codes/ 28 +By chilling much ... the college environment. 29 + 30 +To create agonistic subjects means to socialize people into that identity. Mouffe 3. 31 +Mouffe 2000 (Chantal Mouffe. Democratic Paradox. Verso Publishing. 2000.) 32 +“Their concern with ... could be reached.” 33 + 34 +Constitutionally protected speech solves. 35 +FIRE, 1999 by University of Pennsylvania professor Alan Charles Kors and Boston civil liberties attorney Harvey Silverglate, no date 36 +Foundation for Individual Rights In Education, “State of the Law: Speech Codes”, Online: https://www.thefire.org/in-court/state-of-the-law-speech-codes/ - MG 37 +That the First ... of American schools.” 38 + 39 +The framework requires working within current governmental structures. 40 +Marijanovic 2016. (Daniel Marijanovic. “WORKING WITH AND AGAINST CHANTAL MOUFFE FOR A DEFENCE OF AGONISTIC DEMOCRACY IN A POST-DEMOCRATIC AGE” McMaster University Master of Arts Thesis. 2016. — KW) 41 +Mouffe's own affirmation ... the social order.” - EntryDate
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... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +6 - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Emory
- Caselist.RoundClass[21]
-
- Cites
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +14 - EntryDate
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +2017-02-07 05:42:33.0 - Judge
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Erick Berdugo - Opponent
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Winston Churchill BW - Round
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +3 - RoundReport
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,2 @@ 1 +NC 2 +-Wilderson K - Tournament
-
... ... @@ -1,0 +1,1 @@ 1 +Colleyville