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+==Part 1 is Framework== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====My value for this round is individualism.==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Placing the individual above society is necessary to prevent oppression ==== |
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+**Rawls 93**. John Rawls, Philosopher at Harvard. POLITICAL LIBERALISM, 1993, p. 146 |
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+To this objection, we say that the hope of political community must indeed be |
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+AND |
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+the rejection of the oppressive use of the state power to overcome it. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====The criterion is protecting individual rights==== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Free speech as an individual right is a pre-requisite to any rational moral system- without it self-realization is impossible. ==== |
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+**Eberle 94**. **Eberle, Law @ Roger Williams, 94 (Wake Forest LR, Winter)** |
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+The Court's decision in R.A.V. reaffirms the preeminence of free |
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+AND |
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+Accordingly, any suspicion or evidence of governmental censorship must be vigilantly investigated. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Observation 1: === |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Free speech facilitates the development of moral reasoning- restrictions should be prima facie rejected. ==== |
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+**Dwyer 01**. (Susan, Phil@Maryland, Nordic Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 2, No. 2 ® Philosophia Press 2001) |
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+Direct Nonconsequentialism Let us return to the central topic: free speech. From the |
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+AND |
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+free speech in one place, we strengthen (protect) it everywhere. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Consequentially, Free speech is a gateway to every other impact. ==== |
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+**D’Souza 96**. (Frances, Prof. Anthropology Oxford, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/hearings/19960425/droi/freedom'en.htm?textMode=on) |
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+In the absence of freedom of expression which includes a free and independent media, |
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+AND |
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+is needed to re-inforce government policies and intentions at every turn. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+==Part 2 is the Case Proper== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Contention One=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====First amendment rights on college and university campuses are being violated. ==== |
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+**Alexander 16** (11-25-2016, "University of Tennessee Police Violate Independent Media's Rights at Public Protest," Cop Block, http://www.copblock.org/168632/university-of-tennessee-police-violate-independent-media-rights/) |
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+Free speech zones are illegal on public campuses. University of Tennessee Police Officers and |
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+AND |
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+commands in order to get more clarification and offer respect to the officer. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Revolutionary thinkers will be most vulnerable to suppression under regimes that reserves the right to criminalize any unsatisfactory speech. It’s easy to think that restrictions will only be applied to those who legitimately pose some threat- like groups spewing hate speech- but this ignores the nature of politics and the current social climate. ==== |
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+**Bernstein 03** (David E. Bernstein, Defending the First Amendment from Antidiscrimination Laws, 82 N.C. L. Rev. 223, 240-41 (2003). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract'id=489063 David E. Bernstein is the George Mason University Foundation Professor at the George Mason University School of Law) |
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+Ironically, protecting freedom of expression from government regulation ultimately will benefit left-wing |
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+AND |
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+is a lesson that academic advocates of censorship would do well to learn. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====This is especially true for students of color. Black students are unsure of their first amendment protections. ==== |
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+**Newkirk 16**. Vann R. Newkirk Ii, 4-7-2016, "Why Fears About Free Speech on College Campus Are Misguided," Atlantic, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/04/first-amendment-college-campus-millennials/477171/ |
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+Black students ~~are~~ seem to be less sure about First Amendment protections than |
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+AND |
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+how much students and older adults differ in their views of free speech. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+===Contention Two=== |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Removing restrictions prevents prohibiting speech which is an essential freedom—restrictions in the status quo prevent people from acting on their agency no matter how miniscule the restrictions is. ==== |
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+**Lambert 16** (Saber, writer @ being libertarian, "The Degradation of Free Speech and Personal Liberty," April 9, 2016, https://beinglibertarian.com/the-degradation-of-free-speech-and-personal-liberty// |
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+Many individuals in society claim that they live in a free nation full of individual |
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+AND |
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+is often paralleled to a form of dictatorship – no matter how miniscule. |
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+ |
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+ |
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+====Lack of free speech re-create the majority/minority divide that means the minority loses out on having their voice heard. ==== |
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+**Cartwright 3** (Will, "Mill on Freedom of Discussion," Richmond Journal of Philosophy 5 (Autumn 2003), http://www.richmond-philosophy.net/rjp/back'issues/rjp5'cartwright.pdf// |
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+Though freedom of discussion was widely accepted even in Mill’s own day, he thinks |
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+AND |
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+balance of risks here makes this argument less persuasive than the other two. |