Summary

• Objects (2 modified, 1 added, 0 removed)
  • Caselist.RoundClass[5]
  • Caselist.RoundClass[6]
  • Caselist.CitesClass[5]

Details

Caselist.RoundClass[5]

EntryDate

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1		-2016-10-23 04:27:48.956
	1	+2016-10-23 04:27:48.0

Caselist.RoundClass[6]

EntryDate

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1		-2016-10-23 04:29:10.878
	1	+2016-10-23 04:29:10.0

Caselist.CitesClass[5]

Cites

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	1	+===Framework===
	2	+
	3	+====I affirm. Resolved: Countries ought to prohibit the production of nuclear power.====
	4	+
	5	+====Resolved means a policy. ====
	6	+Words and Phrases '64 Permanent Edition. "Resolved". 1964.
	7	+Definition of the word "resolve," given by Webster is "to express an
	8	+AND
	9	+," which is defined by Bouvier as meaning "to establish by law".
	10	+
	11	+====This means the resolution is a question of whether the resolution is a good policy, so reject any truth testing arguments.====
	12	+
	13	+====I value morality, as per the evaluative term, 'ought' in the resolution which is defined as used to express duty or moral obligation by merriam webster.====
	14	+
	15	+====The standard is minimizing suffering because pain is epistemologically bad.====
	16	+
	17	+====Pain is universally bad and pleasure is universally good, that justifies utilitarian ethics. This means we have to minimize death.====
	18	+Thomas Nagel '86 ~~"The View From Nowhere", 1986~~ //AG
	19	+I shall defend the unsurprising claim that sensory pleasure is good and pain bad,
	20	+AND
	21	+such cases. There can be no reason to reject the appearances here.
	22	+
	23	+====My sole observation is that negation is defined as, "something considered the opposite of something ~~else~~ regarded as positive," by Merriam-Webster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/negation The affirmative must defend a prohibition, so the negative must defend an obligation. Don't allow for any skeptical, plan inclusive, or other non-converse negative case positions. Prefer on the grounds of reciprocity- key to fairness for equal access to the ballot.====
	24	+
	25	+===Contention 1: Arctic===
	26	+
	27	+====Nuclear power plants in the Arctic spread emissions and wastes, which erodes the Arctic environment. ====
	28	+**Nikitin et al 04** (Alexandr Konstantinovich Nikitin is a retired first rank captain and a former nuclear installations safety inspector for the Russian Ministry of Defense (1987-1992). He is an author of multiple publications concerning the problems of radiation safety in the northern seas. Vladimir Mikhailovich Desyatov is a trained shipbuilding engineer. He has also been a representative of the President of Russia in the Khabarovsk region Igor Victorovich Forofontov is the coordinator of the Greenpeace nuclear campaign in Russia. He graduated from the physics faculty of Leningrad State University. Yevgeney Yakovlevic Simonov is a senior engineer and chief of shift at the Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), a nuclear operator on board the 900 series nuclear submarines and one of the heads of laboratory involved in the technical expert review of NPP project documentation. Ilya Borisovich Kolton was a scientific collaborator in the Kurchatov Institute within the technological-scientific centre of GosAtomNadzor. Alexey Vladimirovich Yablokov is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science. He is a former environmental adviser to the Russian President and former chairman of the governmental commission on sea-dumping of radioactive wastes. Vladimir Mikhailovich Kuznetsov is a former head (1986-1993) of the Russian Federal Inspectorate for Nuclear and Radiation Safety's (GosAtomNadzor) department for supervision and inspection of nuclear and radiation safety at atomic engineering installations. "FLOATING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN RUSSIA: A THREAT TO THE ARCTIC, WORLD OCEANS AND NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY," Green Cross Russia Third edition Edited and published by "Agenstwo Rakurs Production" Ltd Moscow, 2004 ISBN 2004. http://www.greencross.ch/uploads/media/gc_fnpp_book.pdf) //TruLe
	29	+*** IRG – Inert Radioactive Gases***
	30	+When normal operating of NPP the designers
	31	+AND
	32	+as transit through a cavity of a protective shell and a vent pipe.
	33	+
	34	+====The environmental condition of the Arctic is key to the global environment. Environmental hazards in the Arctic will accelerate global warming.====
	35	+**Gupta 12 **(Arvind Gupta is Director General, Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi, "Importance of Arctic Region", 6-28-12, http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/article552674.ece) //TruLe
	36	+One of the most dramatic effects of global warming is seen in the Arctic region. In recent years the ice in the Arctic Sea has been melting rapidly. In 2007, a large part of the Arctic Sea became ice free in summer months for the first time in living history. The Arctic region is experiencing warming at twice the rate of global average. The melting of the ice in the Arctic Sea has had two major geopolitical impacts. One, new shipping routes between the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Pacific Ocean in the East, linking Europe with Asia in the north, have opened up. These consist of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the North West passage. The NSR passes along Russia's northern coast in the Arctic Sea and connects Murmansk in the West to the Bering Strait in the east. This route is more promising of the two and is being regarded as an alternative to the present shipping route connecting Europe with Asia via the Suez Canal and the piracy infested Gulf of Aden. The second route, the North West passage, will pass along the coast of Canada. But, this route is still underdeveloped unlike the NSR. The second major geopolitical impact of the opening of the Arctic Sea is the scramble for the resources of the Arctic region. The Arctic Sea is estimated to have as much 10 to 20 per cent of the world's oil and nearly 30 percent of natural gas. Russia and Norway have settled their maritime boundary in the Arctic Sea in 2011 and have accelerated the exploration of hydrocarbons in the region. Both have chalked out ambitious strategies for the exploration and exploitation of the 'high north'. The Russians have also discovered oil in the permafrost region of Yamal region adjoining the Arctic sea. Has plans to invest off in the Arctic Sea on the coast of Alaska. The territories in the Arctic Circle regions of Russia, Norway, Sweden and Finland have large minerals, particularly, the iron ore. Mineral exploration and exploitation is expected to pick up as Arctic shipping develops further in the future. Apart from the minerals, the Arctic regions will emerge as a new source of fishing. The region is already being called the 'kitchen of Europe'. The releases of new lands as a result of melting of ice will lead to development of the agriculture in the region. Polar tourism is picking up too. The small Norwegian town of Kirkenes attracts nearly 200,000 tourists in the year. The opening of the new sea routes and the scramble for resources makes for new geopolitics. The Arctic Council, an inter-governmental forum of eight countries — Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the US — set up in the 1996 to deal with Arctic issues has been transformed into an active organisation where the future of the Arctic might be decided. In the last ministerial meeting held in Iceland in May, the Arctic Council decided to set up a permanent secretariat in Tromso, Norway. China wants to join the Arctic Council as observer member. The opening of the Arctic provides for disputes over sovereignty over new territories and the freedom of navigation through the coastal waters and Exclusive Economic Zones. The Northern Sea Route passes through the waters close to the Russian coasts. The US has not yet ratified the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) but may do so soon because of the Arctic sea's opening up. During the cold war years, the Arctic Sea was highly militarised. The Russian Northern Fleet is based in the region along with nuclear powered submarines, ships and missiles. Norway and Canada are also paying attention to modernising their navies. To capitalise on Arctic shipping, the Russians have already set up a North Sea Route administration which issues permits to ships wanting to transit through the route. Atomflot, a Russian organisation, provides nuclear powered ice breakers to ships transiting through the Northern Sea Route. In 2011, 34 ships used the Northern Sea Route to ship bulk cargo weighing about 800,000 tonnes like iron ore, coal and gas condensate to customers in China. This number is likely to double this year. The route, though challenging, is open for about 3 or 4 months in a year. But it saves the shipping companies about 4,000-5,000 kilometres of distance and 10-20 days of time as compared to the traditional route through the Suez Canal. China, Japan, South Korea will be the main beneficiaries of the route. On account of the decision in oil output in the North Sea, Norway is now shifting its attention to the 'high north' in a big way. Both Russia and Norway have major plans to develop their respective northern regions. For them global warming has been a boon. The Arctic Region is expected to provide the next big push in the economic revival of Russia. The ice melt in the Arctic is likely to accelerate global warming. Large amounts of methane will be released as permafrost melts. The waters of the Arctic Sea will absorb more sunlight as the ice thins down. This may affect the ocean currents which keep Europe warm. The long term impact of the Arctic ice melt may not be pleasant for the planet. India cannot remain immune from the developments in the region even though the area is remote and far away. India has a long tradition of polar research. It maintains a permanent research station in Svalbard. Much of the naval equipment India imports from Russia is based and tested in the northern regions of Russia. The opening of the sea routes and the exploration of hydrocarbons present economic opportunities which Indian companies can also exploit. On the negative side, the enhancement of economic activity in the Arctic Region will accelerate global warming and lead to large sea level rise impacting the global climate to which India cannot remain indifferent. Whether or not India likes, the Arctic Sea is unlikely to be governed by an Antarctica type international treaty which makes the region a global common. India should remain engaged with the leading organisations like the Arctic Council where many important decisions on the future of the Arctic region will be taken. These can have direct or indirect impact on India. Indian universities and think tanks should pay greater attention to the study of analysis of the developments in the Arctic Region. If the Arctic Council takes observer members, India could make a bid for it.
	37	+
	38	+====Warming is real and causes extinction.====
	39	+Jamail 15 (Dahr "Mass Extinction: It's the End of the World as We Know It" July 6 2015 Truthout http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/31661-mass-extinction-it-s-the-end-of-the-world-as-we-know-it) //Trule
	40	+Guy McPherson is a professor emeritus of evolutionary biology, natural resources and ecology at
	41	+AND
	42	+in the course of just the next few decades, or even sooner.
	43	+
	44	+===Contention 2: Proliferation===
	45	+
	46	+====Nuclear power would be an easy way to spread terrorism further in the Middle East.====
	47	+Rifkin, 2006 (Jeremy, founder and president of the Foundation of Economic Trends and the author of "The Hydrogen Economy: The Creation of the World Wide Energy Web and the Redistribution of Power on Earth", "Nuclear Energy: Still a bad idea", Los Angeles Time, September 29, http://www.commondreams.org/views06/0929-33.htm) **strikethrough for Islamophobic rhetoric
	48	+Fourth, building hundreds of nuclear power plants in an era of spreading Islamic terrorism
	49	+AND
	50	+a simulated attack on their facilities. We should all be very worried.
	51	+
	52	+====No Nuclear Power Plant is protected from a terrorist attack====
	53	+Gardner, 2013 (Timothy Gardner, The Huffington Post senior editor for Green writing about environmental issues and other issues. "U.S. Nuclear Power Plants Not Adequately Protected From Terrorists Threats, Reports Say". http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/17/us-nuclear-power-plants_n_3764339.html //2013)
	54	+WASHINGTON, Aug 15 (Reuters) - U.S. nuclear power plants
	55	+AND
	56	+against maximum credible attacks and provide additional security not supplied by private industry.
	57	+
	58	+====Nuclear proliferation is inevitable with nuclear power. This could ultimately lead to a full scale nuclear terrorist attack or nuclear war.====
	59	+Digges 08 (Charles. Author at The Environmental Foundation Bellona, "Nuclear energy not an alternative for fight on Climate Change." 10.01.2008.) http://www.bellona.org/position_papers/nonuke_bellonaposition
	60	+The nuclear relationship between Russia and Iran is a prescient example of corporate or governmental
	61	+AND
	62	+nuclear weapons, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty has been particularly ineffective.
	63	+
	64	+===Underview===
	65	+
	66	+====Nuclear energy emissions generated matter more than if we prohibited nuclear power. The affirmative will never lead to warming.====
	67	+**Dowie 10.** Mark Dowie Is An Investigative Historian and Award-Winning Journalist. He Is The Author Of Losing Ground, 2010, "Uranium Mining and Nuclear Power Will Not Offset Climate Change," No Publication, http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?zid=0d71851bccfbb51cf1d34a3bc4e8f558andamp;action=2andamp;catId=andamp;documentId=GALE7CEJ3010715206andamp;userGroupName=dep56001andamp;jsid=335487b2609ac6fc9c00866c1516873c //RS
	68	+Aside from the combined intentions of countries like China, Russia, India, Finland
	69	+AND
	70	+thirty-one more licence applications before the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
	71	+
	72	+====A nuclear power ban causes a switch to renewables.====
	73	+**CRG 14.** Center for Research on Globalization, 3-24-2014, "Replacing Fossil Fuel and Nuclear Power with Renewable Energy: Wind, Solar and Hydro Power ," Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/replacing-fossil-fuel-and-nuclear-power-with-renewable-energy-wind-solar-and-hydro-power/5375036 //RS
	74	+The big oil, gas, coal and nuclear companies claim that we need those energy sources in order to power America. Good news: it's a myth. Mark Diesendorf – Associate Professor and Deputy Director, Institute of Environmental Studies, UNSW at the University of New South Wales – notes: The deniers and scoffers repeatedly utter the simplistic myth that renewable energy is intermittent and therefore cannot generate base-load (that is, 24-hour) power. Detailed computer simulations, backed up with actual experience with wind power overseas, show that the scoffers are wrong. Several countries, including Australia with its huge renewable energy resources, could make the necessary transition to an electricity generation system comprising 100 per cent renewable energy over a few decades. *** Feasibility has been established by computer simulations of electricity generation systems by several research groups around the world, including my own … Diesendorf gave an update earlier this month: Ben Elliston, Iain MacGill and I have performed thousands of computer simulations of 100 renewable electricity in the National Electricity Market(NEM), using actual hourly data on electricity demand, wind and solar power for 2010. Our latest research, available here and reported here, finds that generating systems comprising a mix of different commercially available renewable energy technologies, located on geographically dispersed sites, do not need base load power stations to achieve the same reliability as fossil-fuelled systems. The old myth was based on the incorrect assumption that base load demand can only be supplied by base load power stations; for example, coal in Australia and nuclear in France. However, the mix of renewable energy technologies in our computer model, which has no base load power stations, easily supplies base load demand. Similarly, Dr. Mark Jacobson – the head of Stanford University's Atmosphere and Energy Program, who has written numerous books and hundreds of scientific papers on climate and energy, and testified before Congress numerous times on those issues – has run a series of computer simulations based on actual historical energy usage data. Jacobson found that the U.S. can meet all of its energy needs with a mix of wind, solar and hydropower. The difference between a failed alternative energy pipe dream and a viable alternative energy strategy is in having the right mix … and that takes sophisticated computer simulations using historical data. Jacobson's study started several years ago by matching California's historical power demand with available wind, solar and other renewable energy sources: Jacobson has now developed specific plans for each of the 50 states on how to do it. Click on a stateto see the specific energy mix which Dr. Jacobson's team has found would provide 100 sustainable energy. And he shows that the wind-water-solar combination is superior to nuclear, "clean" coal, natural gas and biofuels. As one example, Jacobson notes that it takes at least 11 years to permit and build a nuclear plant, whereas it takes less than half that time to fire up a wind or solar farm. Between the application for a nuclear plant and flipping the switch, power is provided by conventional energy sources … currently 55-65 coal. Nuclear also puts out much more pollution (including much more CO2) than windpower, and 1.5 of all the nuclear plants built have melted down. More informationhere, here and here. A banker for one of the world's biggest banks also notes that switching to alternative energy providescertainty in energy pricing … and is usually a less expensive source of energy when long-term costs are factored in. So why haven't we switched? As David Letterman noted when interviewing Jacobson, the main hurdle to switching from fossil fuels and nuclear is simply that the big fossil fuel and nuclear companies would lose a lot of money, so they're fighting tooth and nail to keep the status quo. Read our recent interview with Dr. Jacobson on a related topic. And note that decentralizing power supplies is arguably key to protecting against terrorism, fascism and destruction of our health, environment and economy.
	75	+
	76	+====Debate positions must be real world applicable to create actual reform.====
	77	+**Curry 14.** Tommy J. "The Cost of a Thing: A Kingian Reformulation of a Living Wage Argument in the 21st Century" (2014) Victory Briefs, p. 55-56 Assistant Professor, Department of Philosophy, Texas AandM
	78	+Despite the pronouncement of debate as an activity and intellectual exercise pointing to the real world consequences of dialogue, thinking, and (personal) politics when addressing issues of racism, sexism, economic disparity, global conflicts, and death, many of the discussions concerning these ongoing challenges to humanity are fixed to a paradigm which sees the adjudication of material disparities and sociological realities as the conquest of one ideal theory over the other. In "Ideal Theory as Ideology," Charles Mills outlines the problem contemporary theoretical-performance styles in policy debate and value-weighing in Lincoln-Douglass are confronted with in their attempts to get at the concrete problems in our societies. At the outset, Mills concedes that "ideal theory applies to moral theory as a whole (at least to normative ethics as against metaethics); since ethics deals by definition with normative/prescriptive/evaluative issues, it is set against factual/descriptive issues." At the most general level, the conceptual chasm between what emerges as actual problems in the world (e.g.: racism, sexism, poverty, disease, etc.) and how we frame such problems theoretically—the assumptions and shared ideologies we depend upon for our problems to be heard and accepted as a worthy "problem" by an audience—is the most obvious call for an anti-ethical paradigm, since such a paradigm that insists on the actual as the basis of what can be considered normatively. Mills, however, describes this chasm as a problem of an ideal-as-descriptive model which argues that for any actual-empirical-observable social phenomenon (P), an ideal of (P) is necessarily a representation of that phenomenon. In the idealization of a social phenomenon (P), one "necessarily has to abstract away from certain features" of (P) that is observed before abstraction occurs. This gap between what is actual (in the world), and what is represented by theories and politics of debaters proposed in rounds threatens any real discussions about the concrete nature of oppression and the racist economic structures which necessitate tangible policies and reorienting changes in our value orientations. As Mills states: "What distinguishes ideal theory is the reliance on idealization to the exclusion, or at least marginalization, of the actual.," so what we are seeking to resolve on the basis of "thought" is in fact incomplete, incorrect, or ultimately irrelevant to the actual problems which our "theories" seek to address. Our attempts to situate social disparity cannot simply appeal to the ontologization of social phenomenon—meaning we cannot suggest that the various complexities of social problems (which are constantly emerging and undisclosed beyond the effects we observe) are totalizable by any one set of theories within an ideological frame. be it our most cherished notions of Afro-pessimism, feminism, Marxism, or the like. At best, theoretical endorsements make us aware of sets of actions to address ever developing problems in our empirical world, but even this awareness does not command us to only do X, but rather do X and the other ideas which compliment the material conditions addressed by the action X. As a whole, debate (policy and LD) neglects the need to do X in order to remedy our cast-away-ness among our ideological tendencies and politics. How then do we pull ourselves from this seeming ir-recoverability of thought in general and in our endorsement of socially actualizable values like that of the living wage? It is my position that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s thinking about the need for a living wage was a unique, and remains an underappreciated, resource in our attempts to impose value reorientation (be it through critique or normative gestures) upon the actual world. In other words, King aims to reformulate the values which deny the legitimacy of the living wage, and those values predicated on the flawed views of the worker, Blacks, and the colonized (dignity, justice, fairness, rights, etc.) used to currently justify the living wages in under our contemporary moral parameters.
	79	+
	80	+====Thus, I affirm. I stand open for CX.====

EntryDate

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	1	+2016-10-23 04:29:12.671

Judge

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	1	+idk

Opponent

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	1	+Stony Point AA

ParentRound

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	1	+6

Round

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	1	+2

Team

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	1	+Westwood Shhah Aff

Title

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	1	+SO - 1AC - Lay Whole Rez

Tournament

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	1	+SFA